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三级笔译实务第一讲文稿

天之聪教育 2012-09-10 天之聪教育 1368次

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三级笔译实务第一讲文稿
 
翻译鉴赏部分:

汉英:
中国古人说:君子爱财,取之有道。这种,在今天看来就是:互利共赢。在全球化的格局下,中欧双方的市场应当是彼此开放的,搞保护、靠垄断没有出路,中欧双方企业应当在竞争中达到水涨船高,在合作中实现利益分享。另一方面,企业与社会同样需要互利共赢,即企业履行社会责任,造福当地社会;当地社会积极容纳、支持企业发展。
China has an age-old saying:
"A gentlemen makes money in a right way". Such a right "way", in today's context, must be mutual benefit.
In a globalised world, Chinese and European markets should be open to each other. Protectionism and market monopoly are not viable options.
Only healthy competition can set higher bars for Chinese and European businesses. Only cooperation can generate a win-win scenario for both of us.
In both China and Europe, governments, corporations and society need to pay greater attention to corporate social responsibility. Companies should give back to local communities. In turn society and the public should accommodate and support enterprises.
 
今年是中国党和国家非常重要的一年。首先,今年是中国共产党建党90周年。不久前,胡锦涛总书记在庆祝建党90周年大会上作了重要讲话。胡总书记回顾了中国共产党带领中国人民取得的成就,更指出在世情、国情和党情发生深刻变化的新形势下,中国面临许多前所未有的新情况、新问题和新挑战,包括执政考验、改革开放考验、市场经济考验、外部环境考验等。胡总书记强调中国共产党将勇于变革、勇于创新,永不僵化、永不停滞,不动摇、不懈怠、不折腾,为人民谋幸福,为国家图富强。胡主席的讲话深刻透彻,为中国的未来发展指明了方向。
This year is very important for the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the country as well. First of all, this year marks the 90th anniversary of the founding of the CPC. Not long ago, CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao delivered an important speech at the conference marking the 90th anniversary of the CPC. General Secretary Hu reviewed the achievements made by the Chinese people under the CPC’s leadership. He pointed out that as the world, China and the CPC undergo profound changes, China is confronted with unprecedented situations, and many new problems and new challenges, including the test of governance, the test of reform and opening-up, the test of the market economy and the test of external environment. General Secretary Hu stressed that the CPC is bold enough to change and is ready to chart a new path. The party would never stand still, waver, slacken its efforts, or seek self-inflicted setbacks. The Party would pursue happiness for the people and prosperity for the country. General Secretary Hu’s deep insight and analysis pointed to the path forward for China.

英汉:
Germany showed the first symptoms of catching the economic malaise that has laid much of the euro zone low, and vital signs for the 17-nation currency grouping also pointed to continued weakening as it struggles to contain the sovereign debt crisis.
Germany cannot isolate itself so easily from tensions within the euro zone. In addition, the export sector is facing a difficult period given the fall in global demand.
Germany's export-driven economy recovered quickly from the 200809 financial crisis, but began to feel the pinch late last year as the debt crisis spread from Greece to its key trading partners in the euro zone and weighed on the real economy.
正当欧盟致力抑制主权债务危机,德国经济初显疲弱迹象,而欧盟17国集团形势也持续走弱。
欧元区整体不稳,德国也无法独善其身。此外由于全球需求下降,出口也正面临困难时期。
德国为出口型经济,2008-09年金融危机后恢复迅速,但随着债务危机从希腊蔓延至欧元区主要贸易伙伴国,以致实体经济受到冲击,去年底起德国经济也开始受到影响。

UK furniture loved in China
英式古董家具走红中国

China’s new rich are increasingly keen to buy traditional British furniture, and are willing to pay 10 times its value, the Daily Mail of London reported. The boom is helping the UK antiques scene – which has been hit by the stagnant housing market and fashion for contemporary design. Experts are convinced that demand will escalate in the next decade, saying that educated Chinese like British antique furniture because of its exotic and elegant style as well as its craftsmanship, which also increases their social standing.
据英国《每日邮报》报道,中国新富开始热衷于购买英式古董家具,甚至愿以10倍于原价值的高价购买。这一趋势无疑拯救了英国的古董市场,后者由于楼市萧条和当代风格的流行而遭受重创。专家相信未来十年里中国消费者对英国旧式家具的需求会增长,中国文化阶层尤其会喜欢充满异域风情、典雅且工艺精细的英国旧式家具,并以此提升社会地位。

2012或成美政坛’女性年’
The roster of congressional candidates for this year’s elections is taking shape and one trend is emerging: 2012 could be another “Year of the Woman” in American politics, the USA Today reported. This year a notable number of female candidates are running in potentially competitive races in both the House of Representatives and Senate that could send a wave of female lawmakers to Washington in November. In the 2012 Senate lineup, there are 10 female candidates seeking office.
据《今日美国》报道,今年美国国会大选候选人选正日趋成形,且一个趋势已经显现,即2012年或将成为该国政坛史上又一个”女性主导年”。今年,大量女性候选人参加了众议院和参议院的激烈角逐,因此或有大量女性议员将于11月进入政府任职。本次国会参议院选举中,共有10名女性候选人。

【法国定制时装VS意大利定制/成衣】
A little bit of background is needed to understand what contrasting Italian brands set one another. We start with French couture. The Italian fashion newcomers somehow took their inspiration from it, or just defied it, and finally transformed it into a new look.
在了解这些意大利品牌之间的差异之前,有必要先提一下法国高级定制。意大利定制时装和成衣与法国高定不可割舍,它们有的从法国”前辈们”那里汲取了灵感,有的则干脆背道而驰,最后终于连法国高定一起华丽蜕变。

French haute couture excelled in its extravagance and formality, but it often came with discomfort. While it reined supreme in elegance, it was by no means youthful, let alone sexy. The apparel-making and fitting process was both money and time consuming so that only idle, rich women could afford it.
法国定制时装在奢华与正式上达到了极致,但缺点也显而易见——毫无舒适感可言。诚然,论优雅法国高定无可比拟,但是看上去毫无朝气,至于性感,就更谈不上了。此外,制衣和试穿过程都相当繁琐,需要投入大量的财力与时间,所以只有那些有钱有闲的贵妇才能穿得起。

However, by the mid-1970s, the influence of the French couturiers was waning. Italian couture and ready-to-wear filled the vacuum, catering to a new generation of independent professional women. New designers such as Giorgio Armani and Gianni Versace budded and eventually gathered the global spotlight.
但是到了上世纪70年代中期,古老的法国高定便不可避免地衰弱了。意大利定制与成衣成长起来,填补了这一空白,适应了一个新兴顾客群体的需求——独立的职业女性。这也是意大利本土新兴设计师崛起的时代,比如乔治·阿玛尼和詹尼·范思哲,在以后的日子里,正是这些人让意大利时尚界受到了全球瞩目。

Compared with their French predecessors, Italian couture and ready-to-wear were much less fussy and simpler in line, and created a fresh, easier and graceful feeling. Just like Federico Fellini’s film La Dolce Vita, Italian fashion developed a style of sunny, easy-going and carefree charm, which was contrary to their snobbish French counterparts. (Coco Channel vowed she’d never do ready-to-wear because she didn’t want to dress everybody.)
与传统的法国高定相比,意大利定制和成衣系列不那么繁琐,线条更加简洁,是另一种平易近人的优雅。就像费里尼的电影《甜蜜生活》给人的感觉一样,意式时尚散发出的品味有一种亲切的阳光气质,打破沉闷因而令人愉悦。这一切都跟高高在上、不可一世的法国高定形成了鲜明对比。(可可·香奈儿女士曾坚定地说,她永远不会发布成衣系列,因为她不可能取悦所有的人。)

【Gucci VS Prada古驰VS普拉达】
Unlike fashion names that rose in the 1970s, these two houses boasted their rich history. Both of them started the family business with leather products and then evolved into a multibillion global luxury brand handling various product lines. As it is said in the book of The House of Gucci by Sarah Gay Forden, in Italy the Gucci name had always been associated with elegance and style. Italians were proud of their creativity and artisan traditions and Gucci was one of those names that symbolized quality and craftsmanship.
之所以把这两个品牌拿出来对比,是因为它们与上世纪70年代崛起的品牌不一样,它们有着引以为豪的悠久历史。这两个品牌最先都是从做皮具生意的家族企业起家,然后逐渐发展成了拥有多条产品线并具有全球影响力的奢侈品帝国。如同Sarah Gay Forden在她所著的《The House of Gucci》一书中所说,在意大利古驰这个名字常常与优雅和品位联系在一起。意大利人对他们经典品牌所代表的创造力和传统手工很是自豪,古驰就是其中之一,因为这些都是高端品质和精湛手工的代名词。

Style comparisons: Fantasy VS Function
风格对比:夸张VS实用

Gucci and Prada came to represent two opposing fashion philosophies at the end of the 20th century: hedonism and optimism versus function and utility, said fashion writer Suzy Menkes in 1999, referring to their respective distinctive menswear styles. This is especially true during Gucci’s Tom Ford days.
时尚评论人士Suzy Menkes在1999年评论两家截然不同的男装风格时曾写道:古驰和普拉达代表了20世纪末两种背道而驰的时尚理念——享乐主义乐观派和实用主义功能派。在汤姆·福特执掌古驰的时候尤为如此。

–Gucci style’s evolution
–古驰的风格演变
Gucci’s style was cleaved into two different stages: Tom Ford days (1994-2004) and post-Ford days. Instigated by Ford’s bold taste, Gucci had become synonymous with Ford himself. The image about the label had been confined to jetsetter-sexy, say, Paris Hilton-style party girl jetsetter, who would drink champagne by the pool.
近些年来,古驰的风格可以明显划分为两个时期:汤姆·福特时期(1994-2004年)和后汤姆·福特时期。汤姆·福特以其新潮大胆的品味让古驰重新焕发生机,但也给古驰贴上了浓重的个人标签。古驰给人的感觉就像是那种专属于富人的性感,容易让人联想到帕里斯·希尔顿那种富家女,过着泳池派对和觥筹交错的奢靡生活。

In the post-Tom Ford days, Gucci strived to reinvent itself. The brand strategists it hired redefined Gucci as being not just about sexiness but about impacting sensual power. They did interviews and concluded that Gucci women wanted to be remembered for making an impact on the world, not just for their cleavage. She was flying everywhere too, but going to a meeting and making an impact on the world. A few key words can describe the kind of woman Gucci is aimed at, such as assertive, powerful, charismatic, dynamic, and self-assured.
在汤姆·福特离开以后,古驰不得不重新寻找品牌定位。品牌战略管理专家给出过这样的建议,古驰不应该只是局限于性感的诠释,而应该是震人心魄的魅力。他们通过采访调查发现,穿古驰的女人不想只是因为外在的性感被记住,而是想向世界证明自己的影响力。她也经常当空中飞人,但是是为了赶往下一个会场,以自己的方式影响这个世界。古驰的客户群体可以通过几个关键词概括:自信果断、强势、富有人格魅力、充满活力。

“If it’s raining in New York and two women are going for a cab, the Gucci woman gets it.”
“纽约。下雨天。两个女人争出租车,最后,上车的肯定是那个穿古驰的女人。”

–Miuccia Prada’s offbeat fashion world
–缪西亚·普拉达的非凡创作世界

Miuccia Prada, the granddaughter of Prada house’s founder, is the person who decides what to send to the brand’s catwalk every season and who is one of the world’s most influential trendsetters. She’s been called the fashion’s auteur. She always goes the opposite to the major-league designers. If the rest of the fashion world says “color”, she will present an all-black collection. “She (Miuccia Prada) never follows anyone else’s lead, just her own original energy. Her collections are completely an expression of herself,” said Julie Gilhart, then fashion director for Barneys in 2007.
缪西亚·普拉达是普拉达创始人的孙女,也是现在普拉达设计风格的掌舵人。她的影响力足以决定全球潮流走向。她被称作时尚界的特立独行者,她经常与主流设计师背道而驰。如果时尚界所有人都强调这一季色彩的重要性,她反而会推出一个黑色系的系列。2007年,当时的纽约巴尼斯精品店时尚总监Julie Gilhart说:”她(缪西亚·普拉达)从不跟风,她只顺从自己的内心。她的系列就是她本人的宣言。”

She exhibits a unique handling of fabrics. She uses a lot of synthetic fabrics and has developed a penchant for mixing luxurious traditional fabrics with new high-tech fibers.
缪西亚在材质运用上也非常独特。她经常用一些合成材质,而且非常喜欢把奢华的传统布料与新兴的高科技材质融为一体。

Culture origins文化渊源
Gucci was founded in Florence, and Prada was founded in Milan. These two cities had different culture traditions, which may give a clue to their style definitions.
古驰创立于佛罗伦萨,普拉达创立于米兰。这两个城市有各自鲜明的文化气质,因而多多少少也影响了品牌的风格定位。

Florentines are born to be merchants. For them, wealth was honorable and carried with it certain obligations, for example, sponsoring painters, sculptors, poets and musicians. This love of beauty and pride in creating beauty has never died despite war, plague, floods, and politics. “Gucci is as Florentine as Johnnie Walker is Scotch, and there’s not much that anybody can teach a Florentine about merchandising or craftsmanship,” said Aldo Gucci, son of the founder of the Gucci family business. This justified Gucci’s ultimate pursuit of fine workmanship.
佛罗伦萨人是天生的商人。对他们来说,拥有财富是值得尊敬的,而且必须伴随着一定的义务才会有意义,比如用财富资助画家、雕塑家、诗人和音乐家等等。即使面对战争、瘟疫、洪水和政治,他们对于美的热爱和创造美的自豪也不会停歇。古驰创始人的儿子Aldo Gucci曾说:”古驰是佛罗伦萨人,就好像尊尼获加是苏格兰威士忌一样,在经商和手工方面,没有人能在佛罗伦萨人面前班门弄斧。”这也就解释了古驰在精湛手工方面的不懈追求。

As Deborah Ball said in her book House of Versace: The Untold story of Genius, Murder and Survival, the Milanese – the country’s bankers, industrialists, and entrepreneurs – have long prided themselves on their role as the Calvinists of Italy. Yet in the 1980s, Milan changed radically. The city, home to Italy’s stock market, embraced the new greed-is-good ethos that was sweeping other Western countries. A city that had long enjoyed an industrial spirit is the cultural root of Prada’s design cores of function and practicality at the end of the 20th century.
至于米兰,Deborah Ball在《House of Versace: The Untold story of Genius, Murder and Survival》一书中写道:米兰人是这个国家的银行家、实业家和创业者,他们自诩为意大利人中的加尔文主义者。但在上世纪80年代,米兰发生了翻天覆地的变化。米兰是意大利的股票交易所所在地,在”金钱至上”的思潮席卷西方社会时,米兰也没能幸免。普拉达就是诞生在这样一个以实业精神为骄傲的城市,因而在上世纪末展现出以实用和功能为导向的设计,也就不足为奇了。

This is probably the best-known cliché about the clash of two polar extreme styles. This duo is the embodiment of how a designer’s personality defines brand style. Both rising in the 1970s, Giorgio Armani and Gianni Versace, the late founder of the Versace house who was shot dead in 1997, were the quintessential yin and yang of Italian fashion, setting two glaringly opposite looks that would come to define the two extremes of Milanese style. They had embraced different aesthetics and succeeded equally at them. For more than 2 decades, the fierce rivalry between them lit up the fashion world and had always been the talk of the town.
关于这两个品牌的风格如何截然对立,这句话应该是最耳熟能详的解释了。这两个品牌的对比就是设计师个性影响品牌风格的最好证明。乔治·阿玛尼和詹尼·范思哲(范思哲的创始人,在1997年被枪杀)都是上世纪70年代崛起的设计天才,象征着意大利时尚界的阴阳两极,迥异的设计重新定义了米兰,代表着两种风格的极致。他们的审美态度相去甚远,却都在各自的风格领域获得成功。20多年里,他们之间激烈的竞争点燃了整个时尚界,也经常成为谈资。

Conservative vs Bold sexuality
保守内敛VS极致性感
Armani’s taste was more conservative. His signature style is a soft, deconstructed suit, taking the business uniform of the day, which was stiff and structured, and removing the stiffness. Armani feminized men’s tailoring, while adding the same ease to women’s wear but with an elegant authority. He targeted the largest and most affluent part of the market – the over-35s. “Armani is a safe bet. The thing about Giorgio Armani is that he owns sophistication. No one else in the market does,” said brand consultant Susanne Tide-Frater.
阿玛尼的品位倾向于保守内敛。线条柔软、轮廓柔和的套装是他的标志,他采用了那个时代僵硬和硬朗的商务套装款式,然后使之变得柔和灵动。阿玛尼为男装带来柔和的剪裁,同时为女装带来随意优雅的权威感。阿玛尼主打最庞大也最富有的消费群体——35岁以上的人士。品牌管理顾问Susanne Tide-Frater曾说:”阿玛尼是最安全的选择。乔治·阿玛尼的与众不同之处在于他的高端品位,没有人能像他一样。”

Versace is the very name that conjures up images of outrageous glamour and bold sexuality. Gianni had achieved his breakthrough by marrying the raw energy of the street to the finely cut elegance of couture. He chose as his muse the prostitute, and he raised vulgarity to an art form. His clothes never evoked indifference. By the late 1990s, he had changed the vocabulary of fashion. His designs, for all their sexual sport, their antic sampling of history and art, and their brass, appealed to a human need for freedom that ran deeper than fashion – an urge bursting to the surface of society in the sexualized, globalized, post-religious late 20th century.
范思哲就是大胆出位、极致性感的代名词。詹尼·范思哲把充满活力的街头文化与精致优雅的定制传统融为一体,打造出专属于范思哲的风格。他以性工作者为缪斯,他把艳俗升华为艺术。他的系列一经推出,从来都是一片哗然。到上世纪90年代后期,他已经改写了时尚的定义。他以性感前卫又融合艺术与传统的设计迎合了人们对自由的追逐,早已超越了时尚。这一切都是20世纪末的感官化、全球化和后宗教社会的必然诉求。

Bitter rivalry
针锋相对
The two had been engrossed in constant competition for magazine covers, flagship stores, ads and campaigns. Milan would never have become a fashion Mecca without both of them, yet the pair nonetheless loathed each other.
两人在各个方面都陷入了无休止的比拼:拼杂志封面、拼旗舰店、拼广告、拼宣传……如果没有这两个冤家,米兰根本不会成为全球时尚之都,而他俩也都互相看对方不顺眼。

To Armani, Versace, with his punk-esque, flamboyantly sexy, and garish collections, was an insult to women. Armani was public in his criticism, declaring that Versace presents women “as bait for men, the incarnation of vulgar sex fantasies”.
对于阿玛尼来说,范思哲朋克风格的张扬、花哨的性感是对女人的侮辱。乔治·阿玛尼曾公开表示非议,说范思哲把女人打造成了”想让男人上钩的诱饵,粗俗与性幻想的化身”。

Versace, in turn, found Armani tedious and lacking in passion. “I dress a woman who is more beautiful, more glamorous,” said Gianni, “He has a type of woman who is always a little somber, a little dull. They call it chic, but I’ve never seen it as chic.”
反过来,詹尼·范思哲也觉得阿玛尼的设计寡淡无味、毫无激情可言。他曾说:”我的衣服是给风姿绰约、漂亮迷人的女人穿的,他打扮的却是那些有点沉闷忧郁的女人。人们把那个也称为潮,我实在是没看出来潮在哪儿了。”

Rule-follower vs Rule-breaker
顺从者VS叛逆者
Take how they treated French couture traditions as an example. Giorgio drew his inspiration from the 1930s and 40s. He learned from French couture and then alternated them with a modern look. He said he hated the styles of the 1960s and 1970s with the rise of punk nihilism and pop culture, which nurtured Gianni’s style. He loved the energy and sexuality of it. Gianni was always the person to say no, to contend, and to challenge the established things.
以他们对法国高级定制的态度为例,乔治·阿玛尼从三四十年代的风格中汲取了灵感,从法国定制中吸取了营养,并对其进行了现代的改良。他曾说他讨厌以朋克虚无主义与流行文化崛起为代表的六七十年代风格,而这恰恰是詹尼的灵感来源。詹尼喜欢那些新事物所代表的活力与性感。詹尼总是那个说不的人,总是那个去抗争、去挑战固有事物的人。

Personality
个性差异
The reason they created vastly different styles is rooted in their personality. Style, on the other hand, speaks for personality.
个性差异影响了他们各自的设计风格,反过来,设计也是个性的代言人。

Giorgio’s life is marked with discipline and steeliness. But Gianni was in every inch the opposite. With his blatantly out-there ideas, he was programmed to outlaw anything that has an abundance of decorum or class strictures.
规律、约束、刻板是乔治的生活,詹尼恰好是这一切的反面。詹尼总是一副满不在乎的样子,爱谁谁,与任何繁文缛节背道而驰是他的天性。

Often spoken of in fashion circles as a forlorn, isolated figure, Giorgio has little interest in socializing outside that circle. But Gianni was good at enchanting the people around him. When he trained his natural exuberance and enthusiasm on someone, that person came away feeling slightly star-struck. “I’m yours,” he often told journalists with a warm smile, throwing his arms open and putting them instantly at ease.
时尚界一般都把乔治描述成一个与世隔绝的清冷人物,不过他确实不怎么热衷于社交。詹尼就不一样了,他总是能够取悦身边的人。当他对人自然展示出他丰富的个性与热情时,总会散发出明星般的光环。他以前经常对记者说:”我随时供你差遣,”边说边张开双臂,再加上脸上温暖的笑容,让人立刻就放松了。

By the standards of a multibillionaire, Giorgio’s life is relatively frugal, while Gianni’s splashy spending, featuring his opulent mansions both in Milan and Miami, is so conspicuous.
如果考虑到乔治亿万富翁的身份,他的生活确实比较简朴,詹尼则是那种漫天撒钱的人,看看他在米兰和迈阿密的豪宅就知道了,招摇到不行。

Gianni spun an elaborate tale of his childhood as the son of a provincial seamstress, while Giorgio scrupulously refused to embellish his own modest origins. Gianni was openly gay, while Giorgio was more discreet about his homosexuality.
詹尼为自己的童年打造出了一个具体而完美的故事——作为一个偏远地区裁缝的儿子的点点滴滴,而乔治谨慎地避免为自己平凡的出身添枝加叶。詹尼毫不避讳自己的同性恋身份,而乔治则对自己同性恋的事实讳莫如深。

Culture origins
文化渊源
It’s not hard to understand why each of the two developed different temperaments, and eventually style, taking account of where they are from. Giorgio, 12 years older than Gianni, forged a rigid chilly character in a deprived childhood in Piacenza, a northern city that was incessantly bombed during World War II. His childhood had been marked with fear and wartime hardship, while Gianni, born after the war, enjoyed a largely carefree childhood. However, Gianni’s deep southern origin shadowed his life in Milan where antisouthern sentiment was common.
如果再考虑到滋养他们的地域文化,理解他们个性与风格的差异就更容易了。乔治比詹尼年长12岁,在意大利北部城市皮亚琴察度过了自己的童年。皮亚琴察在二战期间遭受了盟军无休止的轰炸,在艰苦的战争年代,乔治的童年也着实惨淡,充满了恐惧感,因此形成了严苛清冷的性格。詹尼是在战后出生的,童年相对来说过得无忧无虑。但是,詹尼来自意大利偏远的南部,而米兰普遍有一种对南方人的排斥,对詹尼也不例外。
 
翻译实践部分:
 
2006年5月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题
第一部分 英译汉
 
Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.
 
In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year.
 
"It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.
 
A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.
 
Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.
 
Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.
 
In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.
 
A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.
 
Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.
 
And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.
 
"The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."
 
A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its
 
own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

(见二级第一讲)
Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.
随着全球变暖,海冰逐渐融化,海水水位上涨,侵蚀着北极圈附近的沿海居住区。

In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year.
位于俄罗斯东北海岸的拜考夫斯凯村(Bykovsky)居住着457名村民,这里的海岸线逐渐受到侵蚀,每年以15至18英尺的速度后退,日益逼近村舍和取暖用油桶。

"It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.
“这里实际上是永冻层,全是冰,而现在冰层都在融化。”对于生活在北极圈以北的400万居民来说,气候变化带来了新机遇,但是也对他们的生活环境和住所构成了威胁。很多居民世代生活在冰天雪地的荒野里,形成了自己独特的文化习俗,气候变化给当地文化保护工作也同样带来了威胁。

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.
随着北冰洋的海冰日渐融化,人们开始加速开发北极地区,这对于生活在极地的居民来说利弊兼有。在巴伦支海和卡拉海地区发现了大型油田后,人们不禁担心,满载着石油(不久后还会有液化气)的船只穿行斯堪的纳维亚沿岸的渔场前往欧洲和北美市场的途中可能会发生灾难性事故。随着北极地区能源工业的蓬勃发展,发电厂、烟囱和大型运输工具等配套设备、设施相继建立或出现,这片未被人类染指的净土也终将会受到污染。

Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.
阿拉斯加也面临海岸线受到侵蚀的问题。对此,美国政府计划对因纽特人居住的几个村庄进行迁移,每个村庄的迁移成本预计为1亿美元以上。

Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.
北极地区的土著部落几百年来都生活在冰封雪冻的极端自然环境里,形成了自己独特的文化传统。现在,他们也开始注意到了天气和野生动物的变化,也在积极努力去适应气候变化,但这又谈何容易。

In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.
在挪威最北端的芬马克省,冬末时节的北极地区到处是一望无际的雪域景象,万籁俱寂,偶尔能听到驯鹿的嘶鸣声和养鹿人驾驶的雪地摩托发出的轰鸣声。

A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.
即使在这里也能感受到气候变化的影响。现年31岁的养鹿人埃拉说,“驯鹿越来越不开心。”

Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.
挪威的环保工作和土著文化保护工作走在世界前列。挪威政府也拿出相当部分的石油收入用来保护这里的土著文化,萨米文化也由此迎来了复兴。

And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.地衣
埃拉的生活与驯鹿已经密不可分。然而,他认为,无论政府投入多少资金用于土著文化保护,他的生活方式也终将会发生变化。像德克萨斯州的牧场主一样,埃拉不愿透露自己养了多少头驯鹿。不过,他说春秋季节天气转暖使得雪地的上层融化,之后融化的雪水(到了夏冬季节)再次结冰,驯鹿想要吃到底层的地衣就更不容易了。

"The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."
“他们决策者都住在(北极圈)以南的城镇里,” 埃拉坐在自己用鹿皮搭建的屋子里说道,“观察不到气候的真实变化。只有生活在大自然里、以大自然为生的人才能体会得到。”。

随着天气变暖,北极圈的冰层开始融化,海水涌上来开始侵蚀沿岸村落。
 
拜考夫斯凯村位于俄罗斯东北部沿海地区,居住着457个村民,这里的海岸线已经遭到破坏,海水正以每年15-18英尺的速度向内陆的房屋和采暖用油桶逼近。
 
“这里本来全都是冰,我们称之为永久冻土,但是现在已经开始融化了。”对于居住在北极圈里的四百万人来说,气候变化给他们带来了新的机遇。但是,这也威胁着他们赖以生存的环境和家园,而对于那些祖祖辈辈生活在冰雪荒原的人们来说,这还关乎他们能否保住自己的文化。
 
对北部地区的进一步开发随着北冰洋的融化加快了脚步,给当地人民带来了利益,也带来了危险。在巴伦支海和卡拉海发现了广阔的油田,但人们担心先装满石油然后很快就是液化天燃气的轮船发生灾难事故,这些船将卷起海浪,穿过斯堪地那维亚半岛近海的捕鱼区,一直开往欧洲和北美州市场。当越来越多的发电机、大烟囱和各种重型车辆进入这个地区帮助发展能源工业时,也会使这片处女地受到污染。
 
阿拉斯加州也存在着海岸侵蚀的问题,这迫使美国政府打算迁移数个因纽特人的村庄,每个村庄的预计搬迁费用高达一亿多美元。
 
在北极区,在极端冰冷环境里生存了几百年的本地部落注意到了气候和野生动物的变化,他们想去适应这种变化,但常常不知所措。
 
在挪威最北面的芬马克省,每到冬末,北极的大片土地一望无际,好像冰雪高原,万籁俱寂,偶尔只会听见几声驯鹿的鸣叫和摩托雪橇放牧驯鹿的轰鸣。
 
但是即使在那里,人们也感受到了北极的变化。“驯鹿越来越不开心。”31岁的养鹿人埃拉说道。
 
其实谈及保护环境和本土习俗,没有什么国家可以与挪威相提并论。政府把开发石油获得的财富都用在了北极地区,萨米人的文化也因此得到了某种意义上的复兴。
 
但是无论有多少来自于政府的支持都无法让埃拉相信,他以鹿为生的日子将会和以往一样。象德克萨斯州的养牛人,他对自己放养的驯鹿数量守口如瓶,但是他说,春秋两季气温上升,导致表层雪融化,天冷后结成冰,驯鹿就更难于刨食到地表的植物。
 
“那些制定政策的人都住在南方的城市里,”埃拉坐在用鹿皮搭建的家里说,“那些决策者注意不到天气的变化。只有真正住在大自然里、从大自然获得生活资源的人才能注意到这一切。”

汉译英部分:
(见二级第二讲)
维护世界和平,促进共同发展,谋求合作共赢,是各国人民的共同愿望,也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜,坚持走和平发展道路,与世界各国一道,共同致力于建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
Universal peace, common/inclusive development and win-win cooperation represent the shared aspiration of all peoples across the world/a universal aspiration and an irresistible/irreversible trend of our times. On this very note, China remains committed to peaceful development and stands ready/poised to work with the rest of the world/join in global efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity/where all live in peace and prosperity/where peace prevails and prosperity reaches all corners/a world of peace and prosperity for all. 

中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来,坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略,旨在维护国家安全统一,确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。
Never before in history has China been so closely linked to/interlinked with/interconnected with/integrated with the outside world. As the Chinese government bears in mind both the fundamental interests of its people and the common interests of the global community, it pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. When it comes to national defense, China acts in the strategic interest of national development and security. China’s national defense aims to safeguard national security and unity and secure the building of a well-off society in all aspects. China remains a staunch force behind/for world peace, security and stability now and forever.

中国在经济不断发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化,是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛,不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段,中国把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针,积极推进中国特色军事变革,努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。
China’s push for defense and military modernization amid/on the back of its ongoing economic boom follows/conforms with/consists with the emerging global trend of military upgrading and comes as a safeguard for national security and development gains. China will refrain from entering an arms race with any other country, and will constitute/pose no military threat to anyone./China will not enter …, neither will it … At the new development stage in the new century, we are, guarded by scientific outlook on development, pushing for/pressing ahead with/moving forward with military reform with distinctive Chinese features to modernize national defense and the army in a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable way. /At this point, China is committed to military reform with distinctive Chinese features. Guarded by scientific outlook on development in this endeavor, we are working to modernize national defense and the army in a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable fashion.    
 
【试题二参考答案】
 
To uphold world peace, promote common development and seek cooperation and win-win is the common wish of the people around the world and an irresistible trend of our times.
 
Committed to peace, development and cooperation, China pursues a road of peaceful development, and endeavors to build, together with other countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.
 
Never before has China been so closely bound up with the rest of the world as it is today. The Chinese government works to advance both the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the peoples of the rest of the world, and pursues a defense policy which is purely defensive in nature. China's national defense, in keeping with and contributing to the country's development and security strategies, aims at maintaining national security and unity, and ensuring the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. China is determined to remain a staunch force for global peace, security and stability.
 
China's national defense and military modernization, conducted on the basis of steady economic development, is the requirement of keeping up with new trends in the global revolution and development in military affairs, and of maintaining China's national security and development. China will not engage in any arms race or pose a military threat to any other country. At the new stage in the new century, we will take the scientific development outlook as an important guiding principle for the building of national defense and military affairs, vigorously advance the revolution in military affairs with Chinese features, and strive to realize an all-round, coordinated and sustainable development in our country's national defense and military capabilities.
 
 
2006年11月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题
第一部分 英译汉

网络译文:

为了应对禽流感在鸟类中大范围的传播,周三,世界卫生组织和瑞士制药公司罗氏集团签署协议,增加该公司的药品储备以防禽流感在人类中传播。
 
协议约定,罗氏公司要储备300万用于治疗禽流感的达菲抗病毒药品,如果禽流感造成世界范围内人类传播,其可供联合国机构使用。
 
“流感爆发初期,这些药品已经足够了,”世界卫生组织总干事李钟旭说:“但很明显,如果流感大爆发,这些是不够的。”
 
世界卫生组织公布在印度尼西亚,越南,柬埔寨仅有57人死亡,主要是由于接触了被感染的鸟类。禽流感已经导致几百只小鸡死亡,在2003年末,整个亚洲都要进行预防性的筛查。
 
还没有记录表明人可以传染禽流感。但是世界卫生组织警告,1997年在香港首先出现的禽流感病毒能不断的发生变异,这使得人类更容易感染并传播禽流感病毒。

最近有迹象表明禽流感已经传播给在西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦的鸟类,这引起了人们更大的关注。世界卫生组织宣布,周四,欧盟的专家小组在布鲁塞尔将召开会议讨论采取措施防止欧洲家禽死亡的蔓延。

当问到禽流感是否很快会在人类中爆发时,李钟旭说:“我们不知道什么时候会在人类中爆发,但是,如果世界卫生组织及其成员国现在不采取预防性的措施,那将是极端的不负责任。”

罗氏公司拒绝透露达菲的储备数字。该公司的发言人马丁·鲁普说:“生产药品的程序很复杂,因此在下订单之后一个相当长的时间,大概要12-18个月才能交付药物。

韩老师译文:
Faced with growing evidence that avian influenza is spreading in birds, the World Health Organization on Wednesday signed an agreement with the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche Holding to build up its stockpile of medicines in case of a pandemic in humans.
越来越多的证据表明禽流感正在不断蔓延,世界卫生组织周三与瑞士罗氏制药公司签署协议,要求罗氏增加药物储备以防人类爆发大范围禽流感疫情。
 
Under the agreement, Roche will reserve three million treatments of its Tamiflu antiviral medicine for use by the UN agency in case of a worldwide human pandemic of avian flu.
按照该协议,为应对可能出现的全球性人类禽流感疫情爆发,罗氏将为世界卫生组织储备300万份达菲(抗病毒药物)以备不时之需。

"It's just enough to deal with an initial outbreak," said Jong-Wook Lee, director-general of the WHO. "But clearly this is not enough to deal with a full pandemic."
“这仅够满足疫情爆发初期的药物需求,”世界卫生组织总干事李钟郁说,“显然不足以应对疫情全面爆发时的情况。”

The agency says only 57 people in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia have died, mainly from contact with infected birds. The virus has killed millions of chickens and led to preventive culling across Asia since late 2003.
世界卫生组织称,目前在印度尼西亚、越南、泰国和柬埔寨仅有57人死于禽流感,大部分死者都是因为接触了病禽而发病。自2003年年底禽流感疫情爆发以来,在亚洲总共有数百万只鸡死亡,为防止疫情进一步蔓延,(有关国家)对疫区家禽进行了大规模扑杀。

Sustained human-to-human infection has not yet been recorded. But the World Health Organization warns that bird flu, which first appeared in Hong Kong in 1997, could mutate genetically, making it easier for humans to catch and transmit the disease among themselves.
现在尚未有持续性人传人感染的报道。不过,世界卫生组织警告称,最早于1997年在香港出现的禽流感病毒可能会发生变异,人类对病毒会更加易感,人传人的几率也会随之增加。

Signs the disease has spread recently to birds in Siberia and Kazakhstan are adding to concerns, the WHO says. A panel of European Union experts will convene Thursday in Brussels to discuss measures to prevent the spread of bird deaths to European poultry.
世界卫生组织称,有迹象表明,禽流感最近已蔓延至西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦,这使人们更加担忧。周四,欧盟专家小组将在布鲁塞尔召开会议,商讨如何防止禽流感疫情蔓延至欧洲。

When asked whether he thought a widespread outbreak in humans was imminent, Lee said: "We don't know when it will come. But it would be hugely irresponsible if the WHO and member states did not take preventive measures now."
当被问及是否会很快出现大范围人传人禽流感疫情时,李钟郁说,“我们不知道何时会出现,但是如果世界卫生组织及其成员国现在不采取预防措施的话,那将是极其不负责任的。”

Roche declined to give figures for its stockpiles of Tamiflu. A spokeswoman for the company, Martina Rupp, said it took from 12 to 18 months to deliver the drug after an order was placed- a relatively long time due to a complicated production process.
罗氏制药公司并未透露储备了多少份达菲。该公司发言人玛蒂娜·鲁普称,由于达菲生产工艺复杂,在接到订单后需要一到一年半才能交货。

第二部分 汉译英
 
25年来,中国坚定不移地推进改革开放,社会主义市场经济体制初步建立,开放型经济已经形成,社会生产力和综合国力不断增强,各项社会事业全面发展,人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。
Over the past quarter of century, a socialist market economy has taken shape and an open economy has come into being amid China’s steadfast/ongoing commitment to reform and opening up. During this timeframe, productivity and overall national strength of China have been on the rise, social programs have progressed across the board, and the people have witnessed/experienced/embraced a historic leapfrog from a decent life to one of moderate prosperity.

从1978年至2003年的25年间,中国经济年均增长9.4%。25年前,中国年国内生产总值为1473亿美元,去年已达到14000多亿美元。
Over the 25 years between 1978 and 2003, China’s economy recorded an average annual growth rate of 9.4%, and its GDP surged to US$1.4 trillion from US$147.3 billion.

25年前,中国年进出口贸易总额为206亿美元,去年已达到8512亿美元。25年前,中国外汇储备为1.67亿美元,去年已达到4033亿美元。
The past 25 years also saw China’s total foreign trade shoot up from US$20.6 billion to US$851.2 billion and its foreign exchange reserve soar to US$403.3 billion from a mere US$167 million.
 
目前,中国经济总量居世界第六,进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之所以能够发生这样巨大的变化,最关键的原因是我们始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路,始终坚持改革开放,激发了全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性。
China today represents the 6th largest economy and the 4th biggest foreign trader in the world. The tremendous changes that have taken place in China can be best explained by the fact that we have remained committed to reform and opening up and the building of socialism with distinctive Chinese features, thereby  unleashing/unlocking people’s enthusiasm, motivation and creativity.

中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就,但中国人口多,底子薄,生产力不发达,发展很不平衡,生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。
For all the remarkable gains, many challenges lay ahead for China, as it is burdened with a large population, built on weak economic foundation, and challenged by underdeveloped productivity and inter-regional disparity. China is also struggling with an acute/salient imbalance between ecological wellbeing and natural resource availability on the one hand and socio-economic development on the other.
 
虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破1000美元,但仍排在世界一百位以后。中国要实现现代化,使全体人民都过上富裕生活,还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。
China’s per capita GDP has exceeded/topped US$1,000, but has yet to rank among top 100 on the world’s list. That means China still has a long, hard journey to go before it can achieve full modernization and prosperity for all.

我们已经明确了本世纪头20年的奋斗目标,这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会,到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番,达到4万亿美元,人均国内生产总值达到3000美元,使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。
We have established/identified/set our goals/visions for the first two decades of the new century/before 2020. That is, we must work to build a better-off society for over one billion people in all aspects by quadrupling the GDP to US$4 trillion or US$3,000 in per capita terms by 2020. Our vision is to make a visible difference/scale new heights in economic growth, democracy-building, scientific and educational advancement, cultural progress, social harmony and people’s livelihood.
 
25年来,中国坚定不移地推进改革开放,社会主义市场经济体制初步建立,开放型经济已经形成,社会生产力和综合国力不断增强,各项社会事业全面发展,人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。从1978年至2003年的25年间,中国经济年均增长9.4%。25年前,中国年国内生产总值为1473亿美元,去年已达到14000多亿美元。25年前,中国年进出口贸易总额为206亿美元,去年已达到8512亿美元。25年前,中国外汇储备为1.67亿美元,去年已达到4033亿美元。目前,中国经济总量居世界第六,进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之所以能够发生这样巨大的变化,最关键的原因是我们始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路,始终坚持改革开放,激发了全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性。
 
中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就,但中国人口多,底子薄,生产力不发达,发展很不平衡,生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破1000美元,但仍排在世界一百位以后。中国要实现现代化,使全体人民都过上富裕生活,还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。
 
我们已经明确了本世纪头20年的奋斗目标,这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会,到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番,达到4万亿美元,人均国内生产总值达到3000美元,使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。
 
In the past 25 years, while pressing ahead with reform and opening up, China has put initially in place a socialist market economy, an economy that is open to the outside world. China's productive forces and overall national strength have been constantly enhanced. With various social undertakings developing in full swing, the Chinese people as a whole have made the historical leap from subsistence to modest prosperity. In the course of 25 years between 1978 and 2003, China's economy grew by an average annual rate of 9.4 percent, with its GDP, foreign trade and foreign exchange reserves jumping from 147.3 billion US dollars, 20.6 billion US dollars and 167 million US dollars to over 1.4 trillion US dollars, 851.2 billion US dollars and 403.3 billion US dollars respectively. China now is the world's sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader. The reason why China has produced such tremendous changes is because we have adhered to the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and persevered in reform and opening-up, thus galvanizing the Chinese people's initiative, enthusiasm and creativity.
 
Though China has achieved impressive results in its development, there are still many acute problems, such as overpopulation, weak economic foundation, underdeveloped productivity, highly uneven development, and a fairly sharp contradiction between the country's ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand and its economic and social development on the other. China's per capita GDP, though reaching the record high of 1,000 US dollars last year, still ranks behind the 100th place in the world. To make China's modernization program a success and deliver a prosperous life for all the Chinese people still requires a long and uphill battle.
 
We have already set a clear goal for the first 20 years of this century. Namely, in building a well-off society of a higher standard in an al-round way for the benefit of well over one billion Chinese people, we will quadruple the 2000 GDP to 4 trillion US dollars with a per capita GDP of 3,000 US dollars, further develop the economy, improve democracy, advance science and education, enrich culture, foster greater social harmony and upgrade the texture of life for the people.

 
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