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三级笔译实务第三讲文稿

天之聪教育 2012-09-10 天之聪教育 687次

 
 
三级笔译实务第三讲文稿
 
 一、翻译鉴赏部分:
汉英:


1. 20年前的早春2月,邓小平先生视察上海时指出:“金融很重要,是现代经济的核心。金融搞好了,一着棋活,全盘皆活。”20年来,中国大力发展现代金融服务业,发挥金融在现代市场经济中的地位和作用。国际金融危机不仅不会使中国金融业止步不前,反而会使其加快迎头追赶的步伐。中国将继续按照入世承诺,进一步扩大在金融服务领域的开放,外资银行会享受到更加公平的竞争环境。
Twenty years ago in his visit to Shanghai, Mr Deng Xiaoping commented that "Finance is very important, as it is the core of the modern economy. A sound financial industry is the key to economic success." Over the past 2 decades, China has put vigorous efforts into developing a modern financial industry as an important part of its market economy. The international financial crisis will not deter China from pursuing financial reforms. The Chinese financial industry will only redouble its efforts to catch up with Western countries. China will continue to open its financial sector in line with its WTO commitments and create a level playing field for foreign banks.

2. 今年是中国“十二五”规划的开局之年,我们将在未来五年内进一步深化改革开放、加快经济发展方式转变,积极扩大内外需求,提高利用外资质量和效益,并支持中国企业“走出去”,全面参与国际合作。这将为中英金融合作提供更加广阔的空间,也将为包括汇丰在内的英国金融机构提供难得的发展机遇。
This year is the beginning of China's 12th Five-Year Plan. In the next five years, we will press ahead with reform and opening-up. Greater efforts will be made to upgrade China's economic model, boost domestic and international demand and improve the quality and efficiency of foreign investment. Bold steps will be taken to encourage Chinese companies to "go global" and be active participants in international cooperation. This will create broader scope for China-UK financial cooperation as well as more opportunities for the HSBC and other British financial institutions.

3. 我很喜欢汇丰集团的中文名字,“汇丰”寓意“汇聚卓越,丰收成果”。我祝愿汇丰集团在新的一年里不断开拓市场,充分发挥“环球金融、本地智慧”(the World’s Local Bank)的特色和优势,为企业和消费者提供更优质的服务,创造更优异的业绩。我也衷心期待汇丰在促进中英关系和中英经贸合作方面发挥更大的作用、做出更大的贡献。
I like the Chinese name of the HSBC "Hui Feng" very much. In Chinese, Hui means bringing the best together and Feng means a bumper harvest. I wish the HSBC even greater success in 2011. I'm confident you will broaden your markets and provide even better services to your clients as "the world's local bank". I look forward to even greater contributions by the HSBC to our business cooperation and to China-UK relations in the new year. 

英汉:
 
秘书长未来五年的行动纲领
2012年1月25日

The currents of change are transforming our human and physical geography. Demographic transformation, the emergence of new centres of economic dynamism, accelerating inequality within and across nations, challenges to the existing social contract by a disillusioned, mobilized citizenry, technological and organizational transformation linking people directly as never before and climate change are all placing the foundations of our world and our global system under unprecedented stress. They are driving not just incremental but exponential change. They are deeply connected and increasingly complex. To ensure that our generation and future generations benefit from the opportunities presented by this changing reality and are able to mitigate increased risks, the global community will need to work together in unprecedented ways. The United Nations is uniquely positioned to facilitate such action because it can provide integrated solutions across interconnected issues areas such as development, peace and security, human rights and humanitarian action. It can facilitate universal dialogue to arrive at joint solutions and mobilize new constituencies to join Governments and international organizations to address global problems and share burdens, and it can legitimize new norms, structures and processes for international cooperation. The next five years will be crucial for defining and agreeing on a common vision for the future, making path-shaping investments, broadening the base of constituencies working together and adopting a flexible but robust international architecture that can address the increasing stresses on our international system. The UN can play a central role in strengthening international governance and establishing constructive patterns of collaboration to manage unprecedented threats and demands for change and to take advantage of new generational opportunities.

This agenda sets out a series of actions that I believe the global community must take over the next five years. This will require mobilizing all the human, financial and political resources available to the United Nations in order to catalyse the type of global

collaboration that is possible, necessary and timely. It will also require our renewed commitment to mobilize the international support measures required to address the socioeconomic development needs of countries in special situations. This agenda describes specific measures regarding each of the five generational opportunities and two primary enablers that I laid out in my speech to the General Assembly this past September.

  变化潮流正在改变人类的面貌和地球的面貌。我们的世界和我们的国际制度的根基正面临着前所未有的压力:人口构成发生改变;出现新的经济活力中心;各国内部和各国之间的不平等日益加剧;理想破灭的公民行动起来质疑现有的社会契约;技术和组织上的变革把人们更加直接地联系在一起;气候发生变化。这些因素促成的变化不是微小的,而是巨大的。这些因素密切相关,日益复杂。

  为确保今世后代都能得益于这一变革带来的机遇,缓解不断增加的风险,国际社会需要进行前所未有的合作。

  联合国有独特能力来协助这一行动,因为它可以针对发展、和平与安全、人权和人道主义行动等相互交错的问题提出综合解决办法。它可以协助进行全球对话以达成共同解决办法,动员新的群体参加政府组织和国际组织以处理全球问题和分担负担,它可以让国际合作的新准则、架构和程序合法化。

  今后的五年对于开展以下工作至关重要:为未来提出并商定一个共同愿景,进行开创性投资,扩大共同开展工作的支持者群体的基础,建立一个能够承受我们国际体制面临的越来越大的压力的灵活但高效的国际架构。

  联合国可以发挥重大作用,加强国际治理,确立积极的合作方式来应对前所未有的威胁和变革需求,利用这一代人的新机遇。

本纲领提出一系列我认为国际社会必须在今后五年中采取的行动。将需要调动联合国现有的所有人力、财务和政治资源,推动可行、必要和及时的国际协作。我们还需要重新承诺动员国际社会采取必要的支持措施,满足情况特殊国家的社会和经济发展需求。

本纲领阐述了就这一代人的五个机遇提出的具体措施和我在去年9月向大会发表讲话时提到的两个主要推进手段。

GENERATIONAL IMPERATIVES AND OPPORTUNITIES
3
I. Sustainable development
1. Accelerate progress on the Millennium Development Goals:
• Keep the world solidly on track to meet poverty reduction targets focusing on inequalities, making particular efforts in countries with special needs and in those which have not achieved sufficient progress.
• Complete the final drive to eliminate by 2015 deaths from top killers: malaria; polio; new paediatric HIV infections; maternal and neonatal tetanus; and measles.
• Fully implement the global strategy on women and children’s health to save tens of millions of lives, including through the provision of reproductive health services to meet unmet global needs.
• Unlock the potential of current and future generations by putting an end to the hidden tragedy of stunting of almost 200 million children by mobilizing financial, human and political resources commensurate with the challenge.
• Stimulate generational progress by catalysing a global movement to achieve quality, relevant and universal education for the twenty-first century.

2. Address climate change:
• Facilitate mitigation and adaptation action on the ground:
o Promote climate financing by operationalizing the Green Climate Fund and set public and private funds on a trajectory to reach the agreed amount of $100 billion by 2020. Ensure effective delivery of all fast-start financing. Deepen understanding of the economic costs of climate change, and the corresponding financing needs, including through mapping regional and subregional vulnerability hotspots.
o Facilitate and execute agreements on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) to protect forests and sustain the livelihoods of the people who depend on them.
• By 2015, secure a comprehensive climate change agreement applicable to all parties with legal force under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
• Strengthen, defend and use climate science to make and promote evidence-based policy.

3. Forge consensus around a post-2015 sustainable development framework and implement it:
• Define a new generation of sustainable development goals building on the MDGs and outline a road map for consideration by Member States.
• Mobilize the UN system to support global, regional and national strategies to address the building blocks of sustainable development:

4 Energy: Mobilize a broad multi-stakeholder coalition under the Sustainable Energy for All initiative to achieve universal access to modern energy services, double the rate of improvement in energy efficiency and double the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix, all by 2030.

5 Food and nutrition: Adopt globally agreed goals for food and nutrition security, mobilize all key stakeholders to provide support to smallholder farmers and food processors and bolster the resilience of communities and nations experiencing periodic food crises.
Water: Launch and execute a UN-wide initiative to provide universal access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation globally.

6 Oceans: Agree to a compact on oceans that will address overfishing and pollution by improving the governance of oceans and coastal habitats and by developing an institutional and legal framework for the protection of ocean biodiversity.

7 Transport: Convene aviation, marine, ferry, rail, road and urban public transport providers, along with Governments and investors, to develop and take action on recommendations for more sustainable transport systems that can address rising congestion and pollution worldwide, particularly in urban areas.
8 Work with Member States to make Antarctica a world nature preserve.

一. 可持续发展

加快实现千年发展目标的进展:
•      确保全世界稳健实现减贫目标,重点关注不平等问题,尤其在有特殊需求的国家和未取得足够进展的国家做出努力。
•      完成最后冲刺以便在2015年消除以下致死率最高疾病造成的死亡:疟疾;小儿麻痹症、新的婴幼儿艾滋病毒感染;产妇和产前破伤风和麻疹。
•      全面执行全球妇女和儿童保健战略,拯救成千上万人的生命,包括提供生殖保健服务以满足全球尚未得到满足的需求。
•      筹集相应的财务、人力和政治资源,结束近2亿名儿童发育迟缓这一看不见的悲剧,让今世后代发挥出他们的潜力。
•      推动开展全球运动,在二十一世纪提供高质量、有针对性的普及教育,促进一代人的进步。
应对气候变化:
•      协助在实地采取缓解和适应行动:
•      通过使绿色气候基金投入运作来推动筹集气候资金,并筹集公共和私人资金,以便在2020年达到商定的1 000亿美元。切实提供所有快速启动资金。进一步了解气候变化的经济成本和相应的融资需求,包括确定易受气候变化影响的区域和次区域热点。
•      协助就降低因森林砍伐和退化所产生的排放(降排+)达成协议并执行有关协议,以保护森林,减少排放,维护依靠森林为生的人的谋生手段。
•      到2015年时,在《联合国气候变化框架公约》下有一项全面的适用于所有缔约方的具有法律效力的气候变化协议。
•      加强、捍卫和利用气候科学来制订和推动循证决策。
就2015年后的可持续发展框架达成协商一致并采用这一框架:
•      借鉴千年发展目标提出新一代可持续发展目标,提出一个路线图供会员国审议。
•      动员联合国系统支持旨在奠定可持续发展基础的全球、区域和国家战略:
•      能源:根据人人享有可持续能源举措组建一个基础广泛的有多个利益攸关方参加的同盟,以便在2030年时做到人人有现代能源服务,加倍提高能效,实现可再生能源在全球能源组合中的比例翻番。
•      粮食和营养:采用全球商定的粮食保障和营养目标,动员所有主要利益攸关方为小农户和粮食加工者提供支持,加强经常发生粮食危机的社区和国家的抗危机能力。
•      水:启动并落实一个联合国全系统举措,让世界上所有人都有安全饮用水和适当的环境卫生。
•      海洋:商定一个海洋契约,通过改进海洋和海洋生境的管理和确立一个保护海洋生物多样性的体制和法律框架,处理过度捕捞和污染问题。
•      运输:召集航空、海事、轮渡、铁路、公路和城市公共交通业者与各国政府和投资者一起开会,就建立更可持续的运输系统提出建议并就其采取行动,以处理全世界、特别是城区交通堵塞和污染不断加剧的问题。
•      与会员国合作,使南极洲成为一个世界自然保护区。
 
II. Prevention
1. Support the development and implementation of national disaster risk reduction plans that address growing challenges of climate change, environmental degradation, urbanization and population growth. Special emphasis should be placed on the least
developed and most vulnerable countries, including by providing a platform for South-South cooperation and facilitating the use of innovative methods and technologies.

2. Prioritize early warning and early action on preventing violent conflict by:
• Mapping, linking, collecting and integrating information from across the international system
• Supporting national capacities for facilitation and dialogue
• Ensuring that UN good offices, mediation, crisis response and peacebuilding services are easily and rapidly deployable

3. Advance a preventive approach to human rights by:
• Developing a policy framework that identifies basic elements needed to prevent human rights violations
• Establishing a preventive matrix that will chart progress and gaps in the use of a range of human rights instruments
• Advancing the responsibility to protect agenda

4. Build resilience to external economic and financial shocks by helping countries identify vulnerabilities rapidly and adopt adequate social safety nets and policies that promote job-led growth.

二. 预防
•      支持制订和执行国家减少灾害风险计划,以应对不断增加的气候变化、环境退化、城市化和人口增长挑战。应特别注重最不发达国家和最容易发生灾害的国家,包括提供一个南南合作的平台和协助采用创新方法和技术。
•      在防止暴力冲突方面优先注重预警和及早采取行动:
o     在国际体系中查找、连接、收集和汇总信息;
o     支持各国建立协助和对话的能力;
o     确保能方便和迅速地提供联合国的斡旋、调解、应对危机和建设和平服务。
•      推动采用预防做法来处理人权问题:
o     制订政策框架,提出防止侵犯人权行为的必要基本要点;
o     制订一个预防汇总表,标出采用各种人权文书的进展和差距;
o     提出一个保护责任议程。
•      建立抗击外部经济和金融冲击的能力,具体做法是帮助各国迅速查明弱点,建立适当的社会安全网和制订通过就业带动增长的政策。
 
III. Building a safer and more secure world by innovating and building on our core business
1. Construct an enhanced partnership for peacekeeping, building on a renewed commitment to:
• Share the burden and strongly collaborate with regional organizations
• Ensure that peacekeepers have the necessary capacities and support to meet with increased speed and nimbleness the demands of increasingly complex operations
• Enhance the ability of the UN to provide civilian protection

2. Build a more global, accountable and robust humanitarian system:
• Enhancing collaboration among humanitarian organizations, particularly from the global South, at the local, national and regional levels, to strengthen community resilience and emergency response, and establishing a monitoring system to assess progress on the implementation of preparedness measures
• Building a shared international commitment to strengthen aid transparency and commitment, including by promoting a global declaration and agenda for humanitarian aid transparency and effectiveness
• Expanding support for pooled funding mechanisms, including the Central Emergency Response Fund, and identifying with stakeholders additional sources and methods of innovative financing for emergency preparedness
• Convening a world humanitarian summit to help share knowledge and establish common best practices among the wide spectrum of organizations involved in humanitarian action

3. Revitalizing the global disarmament and non-proliferation agenda in the field of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction as well as conventional arms, and strengthening the role of the UN in dealing with related emerging issues, including nuclear security and safety and arms trade, as well as outstanding regional issues.

4. Enhance coherence and scale up counter-terrorism efforts to better support Member States in their implementation of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and their own national counter-terrorism plans. This should include consideration by relevant intergovernmental bodies of creating a single UN counter-terrorism coordinator.

5. Address the heightened threat of organized crime, piracy and drug trafficking by mobilizing collective action and developing new tools and comprehensive regional and global strategies. This will require integrating rule of law, public health and human rights responses.

三. 通过创新和增强我们的核心业务,建立一个更加安全、更有保障的世界
  建立更有力的维和伙伴关系,重新承诺开展以下工作:
•      与区域组织分担责任,大力协作;
•      确保维和人员有必要的能力和支助,以更快速、更灵活地满足日益复杂的维和行动的需要;
•      增强联合国保护平民的能力。
  建立一个更加全球化、更加负责和更强大的人道主义系统:
•      增强人道主义组织、特别是全球南方人道主义组织在地方、全国和区域各级的协作,以加强社区复原力和应急措施,并建立监察制度来评估执行备灾措施的进展;
•      促使国际社会共同做出承诺,增强援助透明度和力度,包括促进拟订一个关于全球人道主义援助透明度和实效的宣言与议程;
•      进一步支持包括中央应急基金在内的集合供资机制,与利益攸关方一起为防备紧急情况寻找其他资金和新的筹资方法;
•      召开世界人道主义首脑会议,帮助参与人道主义行动的各类组织交流知识,确立共同最佳做法。
  重新推进核武器和其他大规模毁灭性武器以及常规武器领域中的裁军和不扩散议程,增强联合国在解决核保安与安全及武器贸易等领域新出现的相关问题以及未决区域问题方面的作用。
  加强联合国反恐工作的一致性和力度,以更好地支持会员国执行《联合国全球反恐战略》和本国反恐计划。这项工作应包括相关政府间机构考虑设立单一的联合国反恐协调机构。
应对不断增加的有组织犯罪、海盗行为和贩毒威胁,动员集体采取行动,发展新工具,制定区域和全球综合性战略。这项工作要求将法治、公共保健、人权领域的应对措施统一起来。
 
IV. Supporting nations in transition
1. Develop best practices and scale up UN capacity and support in key areas of comparative advantage, including peacebuilding, human rights, the rule of law, electoral assistance, national reconciliation, dispute resolution, anti-corruption measures, constitution-making and power-sharing arrangements and democratic practices.

2. Support “transition compacts” with agreed strategic objectives and mutual accountability in fragile and conflict environments.

3. Advocate for and establish an age of accountability by combating impunity for serious international crimes through strengthening the international criminal justice system, supported and enhanced by capacity-building measures to strengthen national judiciaries.

4. Deepen strategic and operational collaboration with international and regional organizations, including international financial institutions and regional development banks, and other stakeholders.
 
四. 支持转型国家
•      在有相对优势的领域中制订最佳做法,增强联合国的能力和支助,这些领域包括:建设和平、人权、法治、选举援助;全国和解;解决争端;反腐措施;制定宪法和分享权力安排;民主方法。
•      在局势脆弱和发生冲突时,支持订立有商定的战略目标和相互问责制度的“过渡契约”。
•      推动和创建一个问责时代,在采取能力建设措施以增强国内司法机构的支持下,增强国际刑事司法系统,消除重大国际罪行不受惩罚的现象。
加深与国际组织和区域组织的战略和业务协作,包括加强与国际金融机构、区域开发银行等利益攸关方的战略和业务协作。

V. Working with and for women and young people
1. Deepen the UN campaign to end violence against women by enhancing support for countries to adopt legislation that criminalizes violence against women and provides reparations and remedies to victims, provide women with access to justice and pursue and prosecute perpetrators of violence against women.

2. Promote women’s political participation worldwideby encouraging countries to adopt measures that guarantee women’s equal access to political leadership, managing elections to promote women’s engagement and building the capacity of women to be effective leaders. Place a special focus on the Secretary-General’s seven-point action plan on women’s participation in peacebuilding.

3. Develop an action agenda for ensuring the full participation of women in social and economic recovery through a multi-stakeholder partnership with government, the private sector and civil society. This should include recommendations on
inheritance laws, wages, childcare, work-sharing and taxes.

4. Address the needs of the largest generation of young people the world has ever known by deepening the youth focus of existing programmes on employment, entrepreneurship, political inclusion, citizenship and protection of rights, and education, including on reproductive health. To help advance this agenda, the UN system will develop and implement an action plan, create a youth volunteer programme under the umbrella of the UN Volunteers and appoint a new Special

•      Adviser for Youth.
五. 与妇女和青年合作,为妇女和青年服务
•      深入开展联合国消除侵害妇女暴力行为的运动,由联合国进一步支持各国:通过立法,将侵害妇女的暴力行为定为犯罪,向受害人提供赔偿和补救;让妇女拥有诉诸法律的途径;追究和起诉对妇女实施暴力者。
•      促进全世界妇女参与政治,鼓励各国采取措施保障妇女可以平等进入政治领导层;通过管理选举进程促进妇女参与;培养妇女担任有效领导人的能力。重点执行秘书长关于妇女参与建设和平的七点行动计划。
•      制订确保妇女充分参与社会经济恢复工作的行动议程,具体做法是与政府、私人部门和民间社会建立一种有多个利益攸关方参加的伙伴关系。这项工作应包括就遗产继承法、工资、托儿、工作分担、税务等事项提出建议。
•      满足世界有史以来人数最多的一代青年的需要,具体做法是在现有的关于就业、创业、政治包容、公民与保护权力、教育的方案中,包括在关于生殖健康的方案中,加强对青年的关注。为推进这一议程,联合国系统将制订和执行一个行动计划,在联合国志愿者框架内创建一个青年志愿者方案,并新任命一名负责青年问题的特别顾问。
 
ENABLERS
I. Harnessing the full power of partnership across the range of UN activities 1. Scale up UN capacity to engage in transformative multi-stakeholder partnerships with the private sector, civil society, philanthropists and academia across a broader range of issue areas by creating a new UN Partnership Facility, which will catalyse commitments and promote accountability.

2. Consolidate functions to create a coherent capacity for partnering consisting of the Global Compact and the UN Partnership Facility and coordinate system-wide partnership efforts.

3. Enhance UN capacity to engage with traditional and new constituencies using the full range of outreach tools, including social media.

II. Strengthening the United Nations
1. Ensure the more effective delivery of mandates and do more within recognized resource constraints through innovation and change management initiatives, including by facilitating a review of the current budget process.

2. Build a modern workforce supported by a global Secretariat that shares financial, human and physical resources, knowledge and information technology more effectively, including through the robust implementation of the Umoja initiative.

3. Make the United Nations more open, flexible and accountable, including by adopting a results-based planning, accountability and management system, streamlining budgeting and implementing a system-wide risk management approach.

4. Launch a second generation of "Delivering as one", which will focus on managing and monitoring for results, ensuring increased accountability and improved outcomes.

5. Enhance the safety and security of UN staff by mainstreaming security resource and personnel decisions through all relevant planning and budget processes, increasing security threat analysis capabilities at more UN field locations and improving national and international staff security training to match the threat environments in which the UN operates. The UN must also increase its support for staff affected by trauma.

推进手段
一. 充分利用联合国各种活动中的伙伴关系的力量
•      增强联合国在更广泛的关注领域中与私人部门、民间社会、慈善家、学术界建立有多个利益攸关方参加的变革性伙伴关系的能力,具体做法是建立一个新的联合国伙伴关系机制,推动各方做出承诺和推行问责制。
•      将各种职能合并起来,建立统一的能力,以建立由全球契约和联合国伙伴关系机制组成的伙伴关系,并协调全系统的伙伴关系工作。
•      增强联合国与传统和新的支持者群体进行互动的能力,包括增强用包括社交媒体在内的各种外联工具进行互动的能力。

二. 加强联合国
•      在众所周知的资源有限的情况下,通过创新举措和变革管理举措,更有效地完成任务,多出成果,包括协助审查目前的预算程序。
•      建立一支有全球秘书处支持的现代化工作人员队伍,更有效地分享财务、人力、物质资源、知识以及信息技术,包括大力执行“团结”举措。
•      联合国更加公开,更加灵活和更加负责,包括采用一个注重成果的规划、问责和管理制度,简化预算的编制,采用全系统风险管理办法。
•      开展第二代“一体行动”,重点是成果管理和监督,加强问责,提高成效。
•      增强联合国工作人员的安全和安保,在所有相关规划和预算程序中都考虑到安保资源和人事决策;在更多联合国外地业务地点增强安全威胁分析能力;根据联合国开展活动地点的威胁,改进对本国和国际工作人员进行的相应安保培训。联合国还必须向遭受创伤的工作人员提供更多支助。
 
2008年5月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题
 
第一部分英译汉
网络版本:

人事部三级笔译(CATTI)2008.5英译汉真题

  Europe Pushes to Get Fuel From Fields
  欧洲竞相从农田获取燃料

  ARDEA, Italy — The previous growing season, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high-quality pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.
  阿尔代亚,意大利——上个生长季节,罗马近郊植物葱茏的靠海农田,遍布成排的纤细的硬质小麦,过去用于制作高品质意粉。今天,这里却长满了油菜花,一种高高的、多节的类似杂草的、盛开野黄花的植物。它已经成为上帝赐给欧洲农民的一种新的作物:因为油菜籽能被转变为生物燃料。

  Motivated by generous subsidies to develop alternative energy sources — and a measure of concern about the future of the planet — Europe’s farmers are beginning to grow crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil. They are chasing their counterparts in the Americas who have been raising crops for biofuel for more than five years.
  在丰厚补贴的驱动下,人们正在开发各种可替代能源——这是对地球未来一定程度的关注——欧洲农民正开始种植可转换为燃料的作物,这意味着比汽油或石油产生更少的排放物。他们正在追随美国同伴,后者种植用于生物燃料的作物已超过5年。

  “This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,” said Marcello Pini, 50, a farmer, standing in front of the rapeseed he planted for the first time. “Of course, we hope it helps the environment, too.”
  “这对我们的经济和农田,是一种急需的激励,”50岁的农民马赛罗.皮尼,站在他第一次种植的油菜籽田前面说,“当然,我们也希望这有助于环境。”

  In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry, approved a directive that included a “binding target” requiring member countries to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 — the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.
  3月,对生物燃料产业成长缓慢感到失望的欧洲委员会,批准了一条包括“约束力目标”的指令,要求成员国到2020年时,生物燃料占运输用燃料的10%——这是世界上最雄心勃勃和具体的目标。

  Most European countries are far from achieving the target, and are introducing incentives and subsidies to bolster production.
  大部分欧洲国家还远远未实现这一目标,正引入激励和补贴,以提高产量。

  As a result, bioenergy crops have replaced food as the most profitable crop in several European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at 22 euros for 100 kilograms, or $13.42 for 100 pounds — nearly twice the 11 to 12 euros for 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market in 2006. Better still, farmers can plant biofuel crops on “set aside” fields, land that Europe’s agriculture policy would otherwise require be left fallow.
  结果,生物能源作物已取代粮食,成为几个欧洲国家最有利可图的作物。例如,意大利在这方面,政府保证以每100公斤22欧元或13.42美元的价格购买生物燃料作物——这几乎是2006年公开市场上每100公斤小麦11或12欧元价格的两倍。更好的是,农民可以在“搁置”地上种植生物燃料作物,欧洲的农业政策曾要求这些地休耕。

  But an expert panel convened by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization pointed out that the biofuels boom produces benefits as well as trade-offs and risks — including higher and wildly fluctuating food prices. In some markets, grain prices have nearly doubled.
  但是,联合国粮农组织召集的专家组指出,生物燃料热潮有利有弊,需要权衡——包括跌宕起伏的粮食价格波动。在一些市场,谷物价格已几乎翻番。

  “At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas,” said Gustavo Best, an expert at the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. “But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we’re seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light.”
  “一旦农产品价格降低,生物燃料就会进入,改善农民的命运,并给农村地区注入活力,”位于罗马的粮农组织专家古斯塔罗.贝斯特说。“但随着规模增长,对生物燃料作物的需求似乎无穷无尽,我们看到一些负面影响,需要举起黄灯。”

  Josette Sheeran, the new head of the United Nations World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new problems. “An increase in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food,” she said. “So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity.”
  联合国世界粮食计划在2006年养活了近9000万人,其新领导人乔塞特希兰说生物燃料制造了新问题。“粮食价格的增长对我们造成了冲击,因为我们是粮食的主要生产者,”她说。“因此,生物燃料挑战与机遇并存。”

  In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel crops like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of the ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.
  供应商说,在欧洲,成熟后的小麦或大麦改为像油菜籽那样的生物燃料作物,已经引起了制作意粉和酿造啤酒所需的配料短缺。这转化为了超级市场里更高的价格。

  “New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market,” said Claudia Conti, a spokesman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers. “Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main raw material growing quickly to historical highs.”
  “对生物能源产品新的和不断增长的需求,已给整个世界粮食市场施加了高压,”意大利最大的意粉制造商之一、百得阿姨的发言人克劳迪亚科蒂说。“不仅德国的啤酒制造商,而且墨西哥的玉米饼生产者,都已注意到他们主要的原材料成本增长迅速,已达历史最高水平。”

  Some experts are more worried about the potential impact to low-income consumers. In the developing world, the shift to more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment if wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the agriculture panel concluded.
  一些专家更担心其对低收入消费者的潜在冲击。农业小组断定,在发展中国家,如果荒地转为种植生物燃料作物,这种以富国为目的、向更多高利润生物燃料作物转变的做法,可能造成严重的饥饿,并损害环境。

  But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent some of the price and supply problems seen in American markets.
  但欧洲委员会的官员说,他们正在寻求一种审慎的进程,它将避免在美国市场上看见的一些价格和供应问题。

  In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the European agriculture and rural development commissioner, said that the 10 percent target was “not a shot in the dark,” but was carefully chosen to encourage a level of growth for the biofuel industry that would not produce undue hardship for Europe’s poor.
  欧洲农业和农村发展委员会的马里兰.菲舍尔.波伊尔,在最近一次演讲中说,10%目标并非“误打误撞,”但是小心选择一个增长水平以促进生物燃料产业,并不会给欧洲的穷人产生过度困难。

  She calculated that this approach would push up world raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed might rise 5 percent to 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.
  她估计2020年前,这种做法将把世界谷物原材料价格提高3%至6%,而含油种子的价格可能增长5%到18%。但她说货架上的食品价格几乎不变。
 
 
韩老师参考译文:

A year ago, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with orderly rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high quality Italian pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.
一年前,罗马附近这片绿油油的沿海农田还到处生长着一排排的硬质小麦,这种小麦是制作优质意面不可或缺的原料。现如今,这里已是遍地油菜,这种开黄花的多节、高杆植物看似杂草,现在则成为欧洲农民的一大福音,因为油菜可以用来生产生物燃料。

Lured by generous new subsidies to develop alternative energy sources - and a measure of concern about the future of the planet - European farmers are plunging into growing crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil when burned. They are chasing after their counterparts in the Americas who have been cropping for biofuel for more than five years.
生物燃料比石油、天然气更加清洁。现在欧洲对发展替代能源给予大量补贴,这也从侧面说明欧洲对于地球的未来感到担忧。受这种利益驱使,欧洲的农民纷纷改种生物燃料作物。美洲农民种植生物燃料作物已有五年多的历史,欧洲农民现在也正步其后尘。

"This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms," said Marcello Pini, a farmer, standing in front of the sea of waving yellow flowers he planted for the first time this year. "Of course we hope it helps the environment, too."
“我们的经济、我们的农场正急需这种推动力,”农民马尔切洛﹒皮尼站在地头说。他今年是第一次种植油菜,田里油菜花恣意怒放,黄色的花海随风摇摆。他说,“当然,我们也希望发展生物燃料能有助于环保。”

In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry in Europe, approved a directive that included a "binding target" requiring member states to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 - the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.
欧洲生物燃料产业发展缓慢,欧洲委员会对此大为失望,在三月份通过了一份议案,其中包括一项约束性指标,要求各成员国到2020年确保生物燃料占到交通能源供应的10%,这是世界范围内最为宏伟也最为具体的有关生物燃料发展的目标。

Most EU states are currently far from achieving the target, and are introducing new incentives and subsidies to boost production.
大部分欧盟国家现在离这一目标还相距甚远,纷纷出台新的激励措施并提供更多补贴来支持生物燃料的生产。

As a result, bioenergy crops have now replaced food as the most profitable crop in a number of European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at €22 per 100 kilograms, or $13.42 per 100 pounds - nearly twice the €11-to-€12 rate per 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market last year. Better still, European farmers are allowed to plant biofuel crops on "set-aside" fields, land that EU agriculture policy would otherwise require them to leave fallow to prevent an oversupply of food.
在一些欧洲国家,生物燃料作物现已取代粮食作物,成为最有利可图的作物品种。比如,在意大利的上述地区,政府对生物燃料作物实行最低收购价,为每百公斤22欧元,折合每百磅13.42美元,去年公开市场的小麦价格仅为每百公斤11至12欧元,价格相差近一倍。欧洲为避免出现粮食供过于求而规划了休耕地,农民们现在获准在休耕地里种植生物燃料作物,这更是一大利好。

But an expert panel convened by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization this month pointed out that the biofuels boom produces both benefits as well as tradeoff and risks - including higher and wildly fluctuating global food prices. In some markets grain prices have nearly doubled because farmers are planting for biofuels,
不过,本月联合国粮农组织召开的专家小组会议指出,生物燃料产业的迅猛发展有利也有弊,导致全球粮价高涨、剧烈波动。在有些国家,由于农民改种生物燃料作物,粮价已近翻番。

"At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas," said Gustavo Best, an expert at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. "But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we're seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light."
“正当农产品价格低迷之时,生物燃料产业开始兴起,不仅改善了农民的生活,也为农村地区增添了活力,”粮农组织专家古斯塔沃﹒贝斯特说,“不过随着生物燃料产业规模不断扩大,同时人们对生物燃料作物似乎有无限需求,这个产业的发展正产生一些负面影响,我们需要亮起黄灯(来警醒世人)。”

Josette Sheeran, the new head of the UN World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new dilemmas for her agency. "An increase in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food. So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity."
2006年联合国世界粮食署为近9000万人提供了粮食援助,该机构新任总干事约瑟特.施林称,生物燃料产业的发展使粮食署又陷入窘境。她说,“我们粮食署是粮食主要采购方,粮价上涨肯定对我们的工作产生影响。因此,生物燃料产业的发展对我们来说是机遇与挑战并存。”

In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel oils like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.
许多供应商说,欧洲过去种植小麦或大麦的农田现在纷纷改种油菜等生物燃料作物,制作意面、酿造啤酒所需的原料开始出现短缺,这最终会推高超市食品的价格。

"New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market," said Claudia Conti, a spokeswoman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers. "Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have seen the cost of their main raw material growing quickly to historical highs."
“生物燃料需求不断增加,对全球粮食市场已造成巨大压力,”意大利意面生产龙头企业巴里拉的发言人克劳迪亚﹒孔蒂说,“不仅是德国啤酒酿造商,就连墨西哥薄饼制造商的主要原材料成本都出现飙升,创下历史新高。”

For some experts, more worrisome is the potential impact to low-income consumers from the displacement of food crops by bioenergy plantings. In the developing world, the shift from growing food to growing more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment in places where wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the FAO expert panel concluded.
有些专家认为,改种生物燃料作物对低收入群体的潜在影响更令人堪忧。粮农组织专家小组得出结论称,在发展中国家,农民开始改种更有利可图的生物燃料作物以满足发达国家得能源需求,特别是有些地区甚至利用荒地来种植生物燃料作物,这将会给当地造成严重饥饿和环境破坏。

But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent the worst price and supply problems that have plagued American markets.
不过,欧洲委员会官员们称,他们正在实施稳步有序的行动计划,美洲市场曾出现的粮食价格和供应方面的严重问题(粮价飙升和粮食短缺问题)不会在欧洲发生。

"We see in the United States farmers going crazy growing corn for biofuels, but also producing shortages of food and feed," said Michael Mann, a commission spokesman. "So we see biofuel as a good opportunity - but it shouldn't be the be-all and end-all for agriculture."
“美国农民纷纷种植玉米用于生产生物燃料,但同时粮食和动物饲料却出现短缺,”欧洲委员会发言人迈克尔·曼说,“所以,我们认为生物燃料产业发展确实是个良机,但不应成为农业发展的终极目标。”

In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the EU agriculture and rural development commissioner, said that the 10 percent EU target was "not a shot in the dark," but rather carefully chosen to encourage a level of biofuel industry growth that would not produce undue hardship for the Continent's poor. Over the next 14 years, she calculated, it would push up raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed may rise between 5 percent and 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.
欧盟农业专员玛丽安·费舍·珀尔在最近的演讲中曾说,欧盟所设定的比重10%的目标“并非无的放矢”,而是经过认真考虑后制定的,旨在促进生物燃料产业发展的同时不会给欧洲的贫困群体带来过重负担。她说,从现在起到2020年的十四年里,生物燃料产业的发展将会使谷类原材料价格上升3%至6%,油料作物价格上升5%至18%,但是,消费食品价格不会有多大变动。

第二部分 汉译英
  
中国历来重视人才工作,并实施”人才强国“战略,大力开发人力市场资源,为人才发挥作用创造必要的条件和环境。中国目前实行的是工程技术人员职称聘任制度,经过多年的实践,中国已经形成了一套比较完整的工程技术人员制度,并探索实行工程技术人员职称聘任制度。
Human resource development has long been high on the agenda of China. The Chinese government has put in place the strategy of empowering the country with a strong pool of talents in ways that make it possible for/enable talents to bring their potential into full play/bring out their best/reach their full potential. Years of practice has shaped/resulted in/culminated in a complete/well-developed personnel system for engineers and technicians, who are now employed in line with professional titles.

工程技术人员职务聘任制度形成于计划经济时期,随着社会主义市场经济的建立和经济社会的发展需要进一步完善和改革,人事部、建设部、教育部、中国工程院、中国科协等部门专门成立了领导小组,组织关于技术人才的研究,提出工程技术人才改革框架,建立以业绩和能力为导向的、科学的、人才绩效评价制度,并积极促进工程师国际互认和资格准入制度。
The title-oriented employment practice is a product of planned economy and has matured over time to adapt to emerging socialist market economy and meet the evolving needs of socio-economic development. Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, the Chinese Academy of Engineering and China Association for Science and Technology have co-founded/jointly established a leading group to coordinate research on technical professionals. The task force has since charted a reform course for the engineering and technical community and developed a merit-driven appraisal system. The leading team has also been committed to international mutual recognition and qualification-based access for engineers.     
 
2008年11月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题
三级笔译英译汉试题

 
1.LONGYEARBYEN, Norway — With plant species disappearing at an alarming rate, scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts, precious genetic resources that may be needed for man to adapt the world’s food supply to climate change.
 
2.This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault near here, received its first seeds, millions of them. Bored into   the middle of a frozen Arctic mountain topped with snow, the vault’s goal is to store and protect samples of every type of seed from every seed collection in the world.
 
3.As of Thursday, thousands of neatly stacked and labeled gray boxes of seeds — peas from Nigeria, corn from Mexico — reside in this glazed cavelike structure, forming a sort of backup hard drive, in case natural disasters or human errors erase the seeds from the outside world.
 
4.Descending almost 500 feet under the permafrost, the entrance tunnel to the seed vault is designed to withstand bomb blasts and earthquakes. An automated digital monitoring system controls temperature and provides security akin to a missile silo or Fort Knox. No one person has all the codes for entrance.
 
5.The Global Vault is part of a broader effort to gather and systematize information about plants and their genes, which climate change experts say may indeed prove more valuable than gold. In Leuven, Belgium, scientists are scouring the world for banana samples and preserving their shoots in liquid nitrogen before they become extinct. A similar effort is under way in France on coffee plants. A number of plants, most from the tropics, do not produce seeds that can be stored.
 
6.For years, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and shoot collections in a haphazard manner. Labs in Mexico banked corn species. Those in Nigeria banked cassava. Now these scattershot efforts are being urgently consolidated and systematized, in part because of better technology to preserve plant genes and in part because of the rising alarm about climate change and its impact on world food production.
 
7.“We started thinking about this post-9/11 and on the heels of Hurricane Katrina,” said Cary Fowler, president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, a nonprofit group that runs the vault. “Everyone was saying, why didn’t anyone prepare for a hurricane before? We knew it was going to happen.
 
8.“Well, we are losing biodiversity every day — it’s a kind of drip, drip, drip. It’s also inevitable. We need to do something about it.”
 
9.This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices rose to record highs and wheat stores dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. A series of droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world. “The erosion of plants’ genetic resources is really going fast,” said Dr. Rony Swennen, head of the division of crop biotechnology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, who has preserved half of the world’s 1,200 banana types. “We’re at a critical moment and if we don’t act fast, we’re going to lose a lot of plants that we may need.”
 
10.The United Nations International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, ratified in 2004, created a formal global network for banking and sharing seeds, as well as for studying their genetic traits. Last year, its database received thousands of new seeds.
 
11.A system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises since it could identify genetic material and plant strains better able to cope with a changed environment.
 
12.Here at the Global Vault, hundreds of gray boxes containing seeds from places ranging from Syria to Mexico were moved this week into a freezing vault to be placed in suspended animation. They harbor a vast range of qualities, like the ability to withstand drier, warmer climate.

网络译文:

挪威朗伊尔城——随着植物物种正在以骇人听闻的速度灭绝,科学家和各国政府正在创建全球网络性的植物库来储存种子和苗芽。人类可以利用这些珍贵的种芽资源确保充足的食物供应,以应对气候变化。
 
本周,作为这种不懈努力的旗舰机构,“全球种子地库”接收了首批数百万种的种子。该地库建于北极的一座白雪皑皑的大山之中,其目标是储存和保护世界各地收藏的各类种子样本。
 
截至周四,成千上万个堆放整齐且贴有标签的灰色种盒在上釉的洞穴式结构中安家落户,如尼日利亚的豌豆、墨西哥的玉米。这些盒子就如已经备份了的电脑硬盘,以防世界上的植物物种会因自然灾害和人为破坏而消失。
 
通往种子地库的入口隧道,位于永冻带下约500英尺处,其设计旨在防御爆炸和地震。自动化数字监控系统用于控制温度并提供类似导弹发射井或福特诺克斯军事基地的安全保障。任何人都不单独拥有进入种子库的全部密码。
 
目前,世界上很多人士致力于收集种子及其种子基因的信息并使之系统化,全球种子地库是这种全球性努力的的一个缩影。气候变化专家称,这些信息要比金子还要贵重。在比利时的鲁汶,科学家正在搜集世界上的香蕉样本并将香蕉芽保存在液体氮中,以防其灭绝。法国也正在进行类似的努力,保护咖啡物种。很多植物,大多数是来自热带地区的植物,无法通过种子繁殖,不能产生可供储存的种子。
 
多年来,很多庞杂的种子库网络一直以随意的方式收集种子和苗芽。例如,墨西哥的实验室收藏玉米种,尼日利亚的实验室收藏木薯种。现在,正对这些分散的努力进行亟需的整合和系统化操作。之所以可以这样做,部分原因是储存植物基因技术的更新,部分原因是气候变化的警钟继续长鸣及其对世界粮食产量的影响。
 
卡里•福勒是一家负责管理种子库的非营利性组织全球作物多样性托管会的总裁,他说:“我们是在‘9•11’事件之后、尤其是卡特里娜飓风之后,开始有这个构想的。” 他还说:“每个人都在问:为什么事先不作好迎接飓风的准备呢?我们明明知道会发生飓风的。”
 
他指出:“喏,我们每天都在损失生物多样性——一点一滴地在损失。这种损失没有止步的迹象,我们必须为此做点什么。”
 
本周,由于小麦价格上升到最高纪录水平和小麦储存量下滑到35年来最低水平,更加突出了这个问题的紧迫性。由于一连串的干旱及新的疾病,世界很多地方的小麦产量下降。罗尼•斯文奈恩博士现任比利时鲁汶天主教大学作物生物技术部主任,他保存了世界上1200种香蕉种的一半以上。斯文奈恩博士说:“植物基因资源正在受到快速侵蚀。”他还指出:“我们正处于关键时刻,如果不迅速采取行动,我们将失去很多我们需要的植物物种。”
 
已于2004年获得批准的联合国国际植物基因资源条约创建了一个正式的全球网络,旨在对种子进行储存和共享并对其遗传特征进行研究。去年,有成千上万的新种子在其数据库安家落户。
 
由于植物库系统能够识别出那些对环境变化适应能力较强的基因物质和植物种类,因而这种系统能在应对气候危机中发挥至关重要的作用。
 
本周,数以百计的装有种子的灰色盒子从叙利亚、墨西哥等地运至全球种子地库,藏于这个冷冻库之中。储存在这里的种子具有很多特性,如能够抵御较为干燥和较为温暖的气候。
 
 
韩老师参考译文:

1.LONGYEARBYEN, Norway — With plant species disappearing at an alarming rate, scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts, precious genetic resources that may be needed for man to adapt the world’s food supply to climate change.
挪威朗伊尔城—植物物种灭绝速度惊人,科学界和各国政府现正努力创建一个全球性的植物银行系统,以备不时之需。植物银行用来存储种子和苗芽,为人类保存宝贵的植物基因资源,帮助人类适应气候变化对粮食生产带来的影响。

2.This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault near here, received its first seeds, millions of them. Bored into the middle of a frozen Arctic mountain topped with snow, the vault’s goal is to store and protect samples of every type of seed from every seed collection in the world.
本周位于朗伊尔城附近的全球种子库接收了第一批共计数百万粒种子。这座全球最大的种子库位于北冰洋附近一座终年冰封的大山内部,山顶常年积雪。全球种子库建立的初衷是要存储来自世界各地的各种各类植物种子。

3.As of Thursday, thousands of neatly stacked and labeled gray boxes of seeds — peas from Nigeria, corn from Mexico — reside in this glazed cavelike structure, forming a sort of backup hard drive, in case natural disasters or human errors erase the seeds from the outside world.
截止到周四,该种子库共存储了数千箱种子。这些灰色箱子码放整齐、标示清晰,收集了包括尼日利亚豌豆和墨西哥玉米等多种植物的种子样本。这座酷似山洞的种子库内层涂釉,起着“备份硬盘”的关键作用:一旦外部世界的种子因为天灾人祸灭绝了,存储在这里的种子就可以派上用场。

4. Descending almost 500 feet under the permafrost, the entrance tunnel to the seed vault is designed to withstand bomb blasts and earthquakes. An automated digital monitoring system controls temperature and provides security akin to a missile silo or Fort Knox. No one person has all the codes for entrance.
该种子库的入口隧道位于永冻层下约500英尺,可以抵御爆炸和地震的冲击。种子库内有一个自动数字监测系统,可以像导弹发射井或诺克斯堡黄金地库那样控制库内温度,确保安全。同时,进入种子库的密码由数人共同管理。

5.The Global Vault is part of a broader effort to gather and systematize information about plants and their genes, which climate change experts say may indeed prove more valuable than gold. In Leuven, Belgium, scientists are scouring the world for banana samples and preserving their shoots in liquid nitrogen before they become extinct. A similar effort is under way in France on coffee plants. A number of plants, most from the tropics, do not produce seeds that can be stored.
全球种子库及其他相关项目旨在收集、整理植物及其基因的相关信息,气候变化专家称,这些植物基因的价值甚至超过黄金。为防止香蕉物种灭绝,比利时鲁汶的科学家们正在全世界收集香蕉样本,将其种苗保存在液态氮里。法国也正在对咖啡树基因资源进行类似收集、保护工作。有些植物特别是一些热带植物没有可以用于储存的种子。

6.For years, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and shoot collections in a haphazard manner. Labs in Mexico banked corn species. Those in Nigeria banked cassava. Now these scattershot efforts are being urgently consolidated and systematized, in part because of better technology to preserve plant genes and in part because of the rising alarm about climate change and its impact on world food production.
多年来,全球种子银行系统一直进行种子及芽苗的收储工作,但缺乏系统性,如:墨西哥的种子库收储玉米样本,尼日利亚的种子库收储木薯样本。现在正抓紧对这些种子库进行系统性整合,一方面是因为植物基因存储技术提高了,另一方面是因为人们对气候变化及其对全球粮食生产所带来的影响的认识不断加强。

7.“We started thinking about this post-9/11 and on the heels of Hurricane Katrina,” said Cary Fowler, president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, a nonprofit group that runs the vault. “Everyone was saying, why didn’t anyone prepare for a hurricane before? We knew it was going to happen.
非营利性组织全球农作物多样性信托基金负责运营这家全球种子库。“在‘9﹒11’恐怖袭击以及卡特里娜飓风之后我们就开始考虑如何开展工作了,”该基金主席卡里·福勒说,“大家都在说,为什么没有人为飓风灾害做应急准备呢?毕竟我们都知道飓风迟早会发生。”

8.“Well, we are losing biodiversity every day — it’s a kind of drip, drip, drip. It’s also inevitable. We need to do something about it.”
他说,“现在每天都有物种在灭绝,在一点点消失,物种灭绝是不可避免的。但我们必须对此有所作为才行。”

9.This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices rose to record highs and wheat stores dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. A series of droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world. “The erosion of plants’ genetic resources is really going fast,” said Dr. Rony Swennen, head of the division of crop biotechnology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, who has preserved half of the world’s 1,200 banana types. “We’re at a critical moment and if we don’t act fast, we’re going to lose a lot of plants that we may need.”
本周,小麦价格连创新高,小麦储量降至35年来的最低点,突显了采取行动的紧迫性。许多地区旱灾和新病害频发,造成小麦减产。比利时鲁汶天主教大学农作物生物技术系主任罗尼﹒斯文奈恩对全球1200个香蕉品种的收集取样工作完成了一半。他说:“植物基因资源消失的速度确实很快,我们处在一个关键时期。如果我们不及时行动的话,许多人类未来可能赖以生存的植物物种将走向灭绝。”

10.The United Nations International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, ratified in 2004, created a formal global network for banking and sharing seeds, as well as for studying their genetic traits. Last year, its database received thousands of new seeds.
按照2004年批准通过的《联合国国际植物基因资源条约》而建立的全球种子银行系统旨在存储和共享植物种子资源并对其基因特性进行研究。去年,全球种子银行系统共接收了数千个种子样本。

11.A system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises since it could identify genetic material and plant strains better able to cope with a changed environment.
种子银行系统可以帮助确定那些环境适应能力较强的基因物质和植物品种,这对人类应对气候变化至关重要。

12.Here at the Global Vault, hundreds of gray boxes containing seeds from places ranging from Syria to Mexico were moved this week into a freezing vault to be placed in suspended animation. They harbor a vast range of qualities, like the ability to withstand drier, warmer climate.
本周,数百箱来自于叙利亚和墨西哥等世界各地的植物种子样本送达全球种子库进行冷冻休眠储存。这些种子样本分别具有抗旱、耐热等各种遗传特性。

汉译英:

对你们而言,首先要多了解中国的基本国情。中国一个很大特点是地广人多。中国幅员辽阔,国土面积有960万平方公里,是英国的40倍。中国人口众多,超过13亿,是英国的20多倍。
Let me share with you a few facts about China. China is a vast country, covering an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, 40 times the size of Britain. It has a population of over 1.3 billion, more than 20 times that of Britain.
 
中国具有五千年文明历史,曾对人类的进步与发展做出伟大贡献。可能你们有些人知道中国古代的“四大发明”——指南针、造纸术、活字印刷和火药。如果人类历史上没有这四项发明,我想可能我们至今还生活在中世纪。
China has a history of 5 thousand years. It contributed enormously to human progress. Some of you may know the four great inventions of ancient China – the compass, papermaking, movable type printing press and gunpowder. Without them, we may still live in the medieval age.

今天的中国朝气蓬勃,万象更新,各项事业全面发展。中国经济突飞猛进,改革开放32年来,保持了年均近10%的增长速度,经济总量已位居世界第二。中国人民的生活水平显著提升,过去30多年有2.5亿人摆脱贫困。中国社会更加开放和进步。我们先后成功举办了北京奥运会和上海世博会,展现了中国的新形象。中国现有4.5亿网民和2亿多博客,微博在中国也很时髦。
Today’s China is making rapid progress on all fronts. Its economy has been growing at double-digit rates for the past 32 years. Its GDP now ranks the second in the world. The Chinese people enjoy a much better life today than ever before. 250 million people have been lifted out of poverty in the past 3 decades. The Chinese society is increasingly open and diverse. Both the Beijing Olympic Games and the Shanghai World Expo have been immensely successful. They showed the world a new China. There has been an explosive growth of internet in China, with 450 million internet users and over 200 million bloggers. Micro-blogging, which is similar to tweeter, is attracting ever more users.

当然,中国现在还是一个发展中国家,人均GDP只相当于英国的1/10,排在世界100位之后,仍有1.5亿人的生活达不到每天1美元的联合国贫困线标准。中国的发展仍任重道远。
Having said all that, it is important to understand that China is still a developing country. Its per capita GDP is only one tenth that of the UK, and ranks behind 100 countries. 150 million people in China still live under the UN poverty line of one dollar a day. For China, development remains an arduous task and the road is long.

进一步了解中国,我认为,需要学习中国的语言。汉语现在不仅是世界上使用人口最多的语言,而且正成为国际化程度发展最快的语言,世界各国对汉语学习的需求与日俱增。目前,国外学习汉语的人数超过4千万,据估算,在欧美学习汉语的人数每年以40%的速度递增。英国也有“汉语热”,超过500所中小学开设了汉语课程,部分学校将汉语列入了必修课,GCSE考试也将汉语列为正式科目。目前在英国还有13所孔子学院和54家孔子课堂。
A good way to understand China is to learn its language. Mandarin is spoken by the largest number of people in the world. It is also the fastest growing language. More than 40 million people around the world are learning mandarin. The number of learners in Europe and North America is growing by 40% annually. Mandarin fever has also hit the UK. I am pleased to learn that mandarin has been put on the curriculum of over 500 primary and secondary schools, in some cases as a compulsory course. Last September, the British government made mandarin another GCSE subject. There are now 13 Confucius Institutes and 54 Confucius Classrooms in the UK.

 
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