国务院新闻办新闻局 寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

女士们、先生们，大家上午好。欢迎出席国务院新闻办新闻发布会。今天我们进行经济数据例行发布。非常高兴今天请来了国家统计局新闻发言人、国民经济综合统计司司长刘爱华女士，请她为大家介绍2020年前三季度国民经济运行情况，并回答大家的提问。首先请刘爱华女士作介绍。

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Welcome to this SCIO press conference where we are releasing China's latest economic data. We are pleased to welcome Ms. Liu Aihua, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and director general of its Department of Comprehensive Statistics, to introduce details of the economic performance in the first three quarters of 2020 and answer your questions. First, let's give the floor to Ms. Liu.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢主持人，大家早上好。首先给大家介绍一下前三季度经济运行的总体状况，然后回答大家的提问。前三季度经济增长由负转正。

Thank you. Good morning, everyone. I'll first give you a brief introduction of economic performance in the first three quarters of 2020, and then answer your questions. The economic growth in the period shifted from negative to positive.

前三季度，面对新冠肺炎疫情巨大冲击和复杂严峻的国内外环境，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门科学统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，有力有效推动生产生活秩序恢复，前三季度经济增速由负转正，供需关系逐步改善，市场活力动力增强，就业民生较好保障，国民经济延续稳定恢复态势，社会大局保持稳定。

Faced with the great impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the complicated and severe environment both at home and abroad, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, all regions and departments coordinated their efforts to advance both the epidemic prevention and control and the economic and social development in a scientific way, and effectively promoted restoration of production and life order. Economic growth shifted from negative to positive, the relations between supply and demand gradually improved, the vitality and dynamics of the market were enhanced, and the employment and people's livelihood were well guaranteed. The national economy continued its steady recovery and overall social stability was maintained.

初步核算，前三季度国内生产总值722786亿元，按可比价格计算，同比增长0.7%。分季度看，一季度同比下降6.8%，二季度增长3.2%，三季度增长4.9%。分产业看，第一产业增加值48123亿元，同比增长2.3%；第二产业增加值274267亿元，增长0.9%；第三产业增加值400397亿元，增长0.4%。从环比看，三季度国内生产总值增长2.7%。

According to preliminary estimates, the gross domestic product (GDP) was 72.28 trillion yuan in the first three quarters, a year-on-year growth of 0.7% at comparable prices. Specifically, the GDP for the first quarter declined by 6.8% year-on-year, increased by 3.2% in the second quarter, and up by 4.9% in the third quarter. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 4.81 trillion yuan, up 2.3% year-on-year; secondary industry 27.43 trillion yuan, up by 0.9%; tertiary industry 40.04 trillion yuan, up by 0.4%. GDP for the third quarter grew by 2.7% quarter-on-quarter.

一、农业生产形势较好，秋粮有望再获丰收

In detail, first, agricultural production maintained good momentum with another bumper harvest expected for autumn grain.

前三季度，农业（种植业）增加值同比增长3.8%，增速与上半年持平；其中，三季度增长3.9%。全国夏粮早稻产量合计17010万吨，比上年增加224万吨。秋粮播种面积稳中有增，主要秋粮作物总体长势较好，秋粮生产有望再获丰收。粮食种植结构持续优化，优质稻谷与大豆播种面积进一步扩大。前三季度，牛奶产量同比增长8.1%，禽蛋产量增长5.1%；猪牛羊禽肉产量下降4.7%，降幅比上半年收窄6.1个百分点，其中禽肉产量增长6.5%，牛肉、羊肉、猪肉产量分别下降1.7%、1.8%、10.8%，降幅分别比上半年收窄1.7、0.7、8.3个百分点。生猪生产逐步恢复。三季度末，生猪存栏37039万头，同比增长20.7%；其中，能繁殖母猪存栏3822万头，增长28.0%。

In the first three quarters, the added value of agriculture (crop farming) grew by 3.8% year-on-year, matching the first half of the year. Specifically, that of the third quarter grew by 3.9%. The total output of summer grain and early rice totaled 170.10 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 2.24 million tons. The sown area for autumn grain saw a stable increase, major crops for autumn grain grew well and another bumper harvest is expected for autumn grain. The planting structure was further optimized, with the sown areas of quality rice and soybean continuing to expand. In the first three quarters, the output of milk grew by 8.1%, and that of eggs 5.1%. The output of pork, beef, mutton and poultry dropped by 4.7%, a decline narrowing by 6.1 percentage points compared with that of the first half of this year. Specifically, the output of poultry grew by 6.5%, and output of beef, mutton and pork dropped by 1.7%, 1.8% and 10.8% respectively, a decline narrowing by 1.7 percentage points, 0.7 percentage points and 8.3 percentage points compared with that of the first half of this year. Pig production capacity gradually recovered. By the end of the third quarter, 370.39 million pigs were registered in stock, up by 20.7% year-on-year, among which, 38.22 million were breeding sows, up by 28.0%.

二、工业生产加快，高技术制造业和装备制造业较快增长

Second, industrial production continued to accelerate with high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing growing fast.

前三季度，全国规模以上工业增加值同比增长1.2%，上半年为下降1.3%。其中，三季度同比增长5.8%，比二季度加快1.4个百分点。9月份，规模以上工业增加值同比增长6.9%，增速比8月份加快1.3个百分点，连续6个月增长；环比增长1.18%。前三季度，分经济类型看，国有控股企业增加值同比增长0.9%；股份制企业增长1.5%，外商及港澳台商投资企业增长0.3%；私营企业增长2.1%。分三大门类看，采矿业增加值同比下降0.6%，降幅比上半年收窄0.5个百分点；制造业增长1.7%，电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业增长0.8%，上半年分别为下降1.4%、0.9%。前三季度，高技术制造业、装备制造业增加值同比分别增长5.9%、4.7%。从产品产量看，前三季度，载货汽车，挖掘、铲土运输机械，工业机器人，集成电路产量同比分别增长23.4%、20.2%、18.2%、14.7%。1-8月份，全国规模以上工业企业实现利润37167亿元，同比下降4.4%，降幅比1-7月份收窄3.7个百分点。9月份，中国制造业采购经理指数为51.5%，比8月份上升0.5个百分点，连续7个月位于临界点之上。

In the first three quarters, the total added value of industrial enterprises above designated size grew by 1.2% year-on-year, while that of the first half of this year was down by 1.3%. Specifically, the third quarter saw growth of 5.8% year-on-year, 1.4 percentage points faster than the second quarter. In September, the total added value of industrial enterprises above designated size rose by 6.9% year-on-year, growing for the sixth consecutive month, or 1.3 percentage points faster than the growth of August, with month-on-month growth of 1.18%. An analysis by ownership type showed that, in the first three quarters, the added value of State holding enterprises grew by 0.9% year-on-year; that of share-holding enterprises was up 1.5%; that of enterprises funded by foreign investors or investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan up 0.3%; and that of private enterprises up 2.1%. In terms of sectors, the added value of mining went down by 0.6% year-on-year, a decline narrowing by 0.5 percentage points compared with the first half of this year; manufacturing was up 1.7% and the production and supply of electricity, thermal power, gas and water rose 0.8%, compared with a decline of 1.4% and 0.9% respectively in the first half of this year. In the first three quarters, the added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing grew by 5.9% and 4.7% year-on-year. In terms of the output of products, in the first three quarters, production of trucks, excavators and shoveling machinery, industrial robots and integrated circuits respectively grew 23.4%, 20.2%, 18.2% and 14.7% year-on-year. In the first eight months, the total profits made by industrial enterprises above designated size totaled 3.72 trillion yuan, down by 4.4% year-on-year, a decline narrowing by 3.7 percentage points compared with that of the first seven months. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index stood at 51.5% in September, 0.5 percentage points higher than August, staying above the threshold for seven consecutive months.

三、服务业稳步复苏，现代服务业增势较好

Third, service sector recovered steadily and modern service industries grew well.

前三季度，服务业实现稳步复苏。三季度，服务业增加值增长4.3%，增速比二季度加快2.4个百分点。前三季度，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业，金融业等现代服务业行业增加值分别增长15.9%、7.0%，分别比上半年提高1.4、0.4个百分点。全国服务业生产指数同比下降2.6%，降幅比上半年收窄3.5个百分点；其中，9月份增长5.4%，比8月份加快1.4个百分点。1-8月份，规模以上服务业企业营业收入同比下降2.5%，降幅比1-7月份收窄1.3个百分点；其中，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业增长11.4%。9月份，服务业商务活动指数为55.2%，比8月份上升0.9个百分点。其中，交通运输、电信互联网软件、住宿餐饮等行业商务活动指数保持在60%以上。从市场预期看，服务业业务活动预期指数为62.2%，比8月份上升0.9个百分点。

In the first three quarters, the service sector witnessed steady recovery. In the third quarter, the total value added of the tertiary industry grew by 4.3%, which was 2.4 percentage points faster than in the second quarter. In the first three quarters, in the modern service industries, the value added for information transmission, software and information technology services, and financial services grew by 15.9% and 7% respectively, or 1.4 percentage points and 0.4 percentage points higher than that in the first half of the year. The Index of Services Production fell by 2.6% year on year, a decline which narrowed by 3.5 percentage points compared with that of the first half of the year; specifically, that of September grew by 5.4%, 1.4 percentage points faster than that of August. In the first eight months of this year, the business revenue of service enterprises above designated size dropped by 2.5% year-on-year, a decline narrowed by 1.3 percentage points compared with that of the first seven months; specifically, that of information transmission, software and information technology services went up by 11.4%. In September, the Business Activity Index for services was 55.2%, 0.9 percentage points higher than that of August. In particular, the Business Activity Index for transportation, telecommunication, internet and software, and accommodation and catering all remained above 60%. In terms of market expectations, the Business Activities Expectation Index for Services was 62.2%, 0.9 percentage points higher than in August.

四、市场销售明显改善，网上零售持续较快增长

Fourth, market sales improved significantly with online retail sales of physical goods sustaining fast growth.

前三季度，社会消费品零售总额273324亿元，同比下降7.2%，降幅比上半年收窄4.2个百分点；其中三季度增长0.9%，季度增速年内首次转正。9月份，社会消费品零售总额35295亿元，同比增长3.3%，增速比8月份加快2.8个百分点，连续2个月增长。前三季度，按经营单位所在地分，城镇消费品零售额236843亿元，下降7.3%；乡村消费品零售额36481亿元，下降6.7%。按消费类型分，餐饮收入25226亿元，下降23.9%；商品零售248098亿元，下降5.1%。消费升级类商品销售较快增长，通讯器材类、体育娱乐用品类、化妆品类商品零售额分别增长7.2%、6.8%、4.5%。前三季度全国网上零售额80065亿元，同比增长9.7%，增速比上半年加快2.4个百分点。其中，实物商品网上零售额66477亿元，增长15.3%，占社会消费品零售总额的比重为24.3%。

In the first three quarters, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 27.33 trillion yuan, down by 7.2% year-on-year, a decline narrowed by 4.2 percentage points compared with that of the first half of this year; specifically, that of the third quarter grew by 0.9%, the first positive quarterly growth in 2020. In September, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 3.52 trillion yuan, up by 3.3% year on year, and 2.8 percentage points faster than that of August, maintaining growth for two consecutive months. In terms of different regions, retail sales in urban areas in the first three quarters reached 23.68 trillion yuan, marking a decline of 7.3%, and retail sales in rural areas reached 3.64 trillion yuan, a decline of 6.7%. Grouped by consumption patterns, the income from catering was 2.52 trillion yuan, down by 23.9%; and retail sales of goods was 24.81 trillion yuan, down by 5.1%. Upgraded consumer goods grew quickly. Retail sales of telecommunication equipment, sports and recreational goods, and cosmetics grew by 7.2%, 6.8% and 4.5% respectively. In the first three quarters, online retail sales reached 8 trillion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 9.7%, and 2.4 percentage points faster than that of the first half of this year. Specifically, the online retail sales of physical goods hit 6.64 trillion yuan, up by 15.3%, and accounting for 24.3% of the total retail sales of consumer goods.

五、固定资产投资增速由负转正，高技术产业和社会领域投资持续回升

Fifth, investment in fixed assets shifted from negative to positive growth and investment in high-tech industries and social sector continued to rise.

前三季度，全国固定资产投资（不含农户）436530亿元，同比增长0.8%，增速年内首次由负转正，上半年为下降3.1%。分领域看，基础设施投资增长0.2%，增速年内首次由负转正，上半年为下降2.7%；制造业投资下降6.5%，降幅比上半年收窄5.2个百分点；房地产开发投资增长5.6%，增速比上半年提高3.7个百分点。全国商品房销售面积117073万平方米，下降1.8%，降幅比上半年收窄6.6个百分点；商品房销售额115647亿元，增长3.7%，上半年为下降5.4%。分产业看，第一产业投资增长14.5%，增速比上半年提高10.7个百分点；第二产业投资下降3.4%，降幅比上半年收窄4.9个百分点；第三产业投资增长2.3%，上半年为下降1.0%。民间投资243998亿元，下降1.5%，降幅比上半年收窄5.8个百分点。高技术产业投资增长9.1%，增速比上半年提高2.8个百分点；其中高技术制造业和高技术服务业投资分别增长9.3%和8.7%。高技术制造业中，医药制造业、计算机及办公设备制造业投资分别增长21.2%、9.3%；高技术服务业中，电子商务服务业、信息服务业、科技成果转化服务业投资分别增长20.4%、16.9%、16.8%。社会领域投资增长9.2%，增速比上半年提高3.9个百分点；其中卫生、教育投资分别增长20.3%、12.7%，增速分别比上半年提高5.1、1.9个百分点。从环比看，9月份固定资产投资（不含农户）比上月增长3.37%。

In the first three quarters, investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households) reached 43.65 trillion yuan, up by 0.8% year-on-year and shifting from negative to positive for the first time in 2020, while that of the first half of this year was down by 3.1%. Specifically, investment in infrastructure grew by 0.2%, shifting from negative to positive for the first time this year, while that of the first half of 2020 was down by 2.7%; investment in manufacturing dropped by 6.5%, a decline narrowed by 5.2 percentage points compared with that of the first half of 2020; and investment in real estate development grew by 5.6%, 3.7 percentage points faster than that of the first half of 2020. The floor space of commercial buildings sold reached 1.17 billion square meters, down by 1.8%, a decline narrowed by 6.6 percentage points compared with that of the first half of 2020; and total sales of commercial buildings reached 11.56 trillion yuan, up by 3.7%, while that of the first half of 2020 fell by 5.4%. By industry, investment in the primary industry rose by 14.5%, a growth of 10.7 percentage points higher than that of the first half of the year; the secondary industry fell by 3.4%, a decline narrowed by 4.9 percentage points compared with that of the first half of the year; and the tertiary industry increased by 2.3%, while that of the first half was down by 1%. Private investment reached 24.39 trillion yuan, down by 1.5%, a decline narrowed by 5.8 percentage points compared with that of the first half of 2020. Investment in the high-tech industry grew by 9.1%, which was 2.8 percentage points faster than that of the first half of the year. Of this total, investment in high-tech manufacturing and high-tech services grew by 9.3% and 8.7% respectively. In terms of high-tech manufacturing, investment in pharmaceutical manufacturing, and the manufacturing of computers and office devices grew by 21.2% and 9.3% respectively. In terms of high-tech services, investment in e-commerce services, information services and services for the commercialization of research findings grew by 20.4%, 16.9% and 16.8%. Investment in social sectors grew by 9.2%, which was 3.9 percentage points higher than that of the first half of 2020. Of the total, investment in the health sector and education sector grew by 20.3% and 12.7% respectively, or 5.1 percentage points and 1.9 percentage points faster than that of the first half of 2020. In September, investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households) grew by 3.37% month on month.

六、货物进出口由降转升，贸易结构继续改善

Sixth, imports and exports of goods shifted from decline to growth and trade structure continued to optimize.

前三季度，货物进出口总额231151亿元，同比增长0.7%，增速年内首次由负转正；其中，三季度同比增长7.5%，二季度为下降0.2%。出口127103亿元，增长1.8%；进口104048亿元，下降0.6%；进出口相抵，贸易顺差23054亿元。9月份，进出口总额30663亿元，同比增长10.0%；出口16620亿元，增长8.7%；进口14043亿元，增长11.6%。贸易结构继续优化。前三季度，一般贸易进出口占进出口总额的比重为60.2%，比上年同期提高0.8个百分点。机电产品出口增长3.2%，上半年为下降2.3%。民营企业进出口增长10.2%，占进出口总额的比重为46.1%，比上年同期提高4个百分点。

In the first three quarters, the total value of imports and exports reached 23.12 trillion yuan, up by 0.7% year-on-year, shifting from negative to positive for the first time in 2020; specifically, that of the third quarter grew by 7.5% year on year, while that of the second quarter was down by 0.2%. The value of exports rose 1.8% to 12.71 trillion yuan, while the value of imports dropped 0.6% to 10.4 trillion yuan. The trade balance was 2.3 trillion yuan in surplus. In September, the total value of imports and exports was 3.06 trillion yuan, up by 10% year on year. The value of exports was 1.66 trillion yuan, up by 8.7%; and the value of imports was 1.4 trillion yuan, up by 11.6%. The trade structure continued to optimize. In the first three quarters, the import and export of general trade accounted for 60.2% of the total value of imports and exports, 0.8 percentage points higher than the same period last year. Exports of mechanical and electrical products grew by 3.2%, while that of the first half of 2020 was down by 2.3%. Imports and exports by private enterprises grew by 10.2%, accounting for 46.1% of all imports and exports, which was 4 percentage points higher than the same period last year.

七、居民消费价格涨幅回落，工业生产者出厂价格同比下降

Seventh, growth of consumer prices fell and producer prices for industrial products declined year-on-year.

前三季度，全国居民消费价格同比上涨3.3%，涨幅比上半年回落0.5个百分点。其中，城市上涨3.1%，农村上涨4.1%。9月份，全国居民消费价格同比上涨1.7%，环比上涨0.2%。分类别看，前三季度食品烟酒价格同比上涨10.9%，衣着下降0.2%，居住下降0.3%，生活用品及服务上涨0.1%，交通和通信下降3.5%，教育文化和娱乐上涨1.4%，医疗保健上涨1.9%，其他用品和服务上涨5.0%。在食品烟酒价格中，粮食上涨1.2%，鲜菜上涨6.1%；猪肉价格上涨82.4%，比上半年回落21.9个百分点。扣除食品和能源价格后的核心CPI上涨0.9%。

In the first three quarters, the national Consumer Price Index increased by 3.3% year on year, 0.5 percentage points lower than that of the first half of 2020. Specifically, prices rose by 3.1% in urban areas and by 4.1% in rural areas. In September, consumer prices were up by 1.7% year on year, rising by 0.2% month on month. Grouped in terms of commodity categories, in the first three quarters, the prices of food, tobacco and alcohol increased by 10.9% year on year; clothing was down by 0.2%; housing dropped by 0.3%; articles and services for daily use were up by 0.1%; transportation and communication fell by 3.5%; education, culture and recreation rose by 1.4%; medical services and healthcare were up by 1.9%; and other articles and services increased by 5%. In terms of food, tobacco and alcohol prices, prices for grain rose by 1.2%; fresh vegetables increased by 6.1%; and pork increased by 82.4%, down 21.9 percentage points compared with the first half of this year. Core CPI excluding the prices of food and energy went up by 0.9%.

前三季度，全国工业生产者出厂价格同比下降2.0%；其中9月份同比下降2.1%，环比上涨0.1%。前三季度，全国工业生产者购进价格同比下降2.6%；其中9月份同比下降2.3%，环比上涨0.4%。

In the first three quarters, producer prices for industrial products decreased by 2% year on year. Specifically, prices in September were down by 2.1% year-on-year, or up by 0.1% month on month. In the first three quarters, the purchasing prices for industrial producers fell by 2.6% year-on-year; specifically, in September, prices were down by 2.3% year-on-year, or up by 0.4% month-on-month.

八、全国城镇调查失业率稳中有落，就业形势总体稳定

Eighth, the surveyed unemployment rate in urban areas dropped, and the employment situation is generally stable.

前三季度，全国城镇新增就业人员898万人，完成全年目标任务的99.8%。9月份，全国城镇调查失业率为5.4%，比8月份下降0.2个百分点；其中25-59岁人口调查失业率为4.8%，低于全国城镇调查失业率0.6个百分点，与8月份持平。31个大城市城镇调查失业率为5.5%，比8月份下降0.2个百分点。全国企业就业人员周平均工作时间为46.8小时。三季度末，农村外出务工劳动力总量17952万人，比上年同期减少384万人，同比下降2.1%。

The first three quarters saw the addition of 8.98 million new urban jobs, meeting 99.8% of the annual target. In September, the surveyed unemployment rate in urban areas was 5.4%, or 0.2 percentage points lower than that of August; the surveyed unemployment rate of the population in the 25-59 age range was 4.8%, lower than that of the surveyed unemployment rate in urban areas by 0.6 percentage points, the same as August. The surveyed unemployment rate in 31 major cities was 5.5%, down 0.2 percentage points from August. The average weekly working hours of employees in enterprises across the country stood at 46.8 hours. At the end of the third quarter, the total number of rural migrant workers stood at 179.52 million, a decrease of 3.84 million compared with the same period of last year, with a year-on-year decrease of 2.1%.

九、居民收入实际增速由负转正，城乡居民人均收入比值缩小

Ninth, the real growth rate of residents' income turned from negative to positive, and the ratio of per capita income of urban and rural residents decreased.

前三季度，全国居民人均可支配收入23781元，同比名义增长3.9%，扣除价格因素实际增长0.6%，年内首次转正，上半年为下降1.3%。按常住地分，城镇居民人均可支配收入32821元，名义增长2.8%，实际下降0.3%；农村居民人均可支配收入12297元，名义增长5.8%，实际增长1.6%。城乡居民人均可支配收入比值为2.67，比上年同期缩小0.08。全国居民人均可支配收入中位数20512元，同比名义增长3.2%。

In the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of all residents reached 23,781 yuan, a nominal increase of 3.9% over the same period of the previous year. Deducting the price factor, the actual increase being 0.6%. It was the first time to turn positive this year, with a decrease of 1.3% in the first half of the year. In terms of permanent residents, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 32,821 yuan, with a nominal increase of 2.8% and an actual decrease of 0.3%; the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 12,297 yuan, with a nominal increase of 5.8% and an actual increase of 1.6%. The per capita disposable income ratio of urban and rural residents was 2.67, or 0.08 less than that of the same period last year. The median per capita disposable income of all residents was 20,512 yuan, a nominal increase of 3.2% year-on-year.

总的来看，前三季度经济运行持续稳定恢复，统筹防疫和发展成效显著。但也要看到，国际环境仍然复杂严峻，不稳定性不确定性较多；国内疫情外防输入、内防反弹的压力不小，经济仍处在恢复进程中，持续复苏向好基础仍需巩固。下阶段，要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，按照推动高质量发展、构建新发展格局的要求，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，牢牢把握扩大内需战略基点，在常态化疫情防控中扎实做好“六稳”工作，全面落实“六保”任务，大力深化改革开放，助力企业纾困解难，着力畅通经济循环，筑牢民生保障基础，努力完成全年经济社会发展目标任务。

On the whole, the economic operation in the first three quarters continued a steady recovery, and the overall epidemic prevention and development achieved remarkable results. However, it should also be noted that the international environment is still complicated and with lots of instability and uncertainty; the pressure of preventing both inbound cases and domestic resurgence is huge. The economy is still in the recovery mode, and the foundations for sustainable recovery and improvement still need to be consolidated. The work in the next stage should be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We will conscientiously implement the instructions and deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, sticking to the general line of maintaining steady progress in line with the requirements of promoting high quality development and building a new development pattern, firmly grasp the strategic basis for expanding domestic demand, and do a solid job in ensuring stability on six fronts and maintaining security in six areas while maintaining vigilance against the virus. We will vigorously seek deeper reform and opening up, help enterprises to solve difficulties, strive to smooth over the economic cycle, build a solid foundation for people's livelihood, and strive to complete the annual economic and social development goals and tasks.

寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

谢谢爱华司长的介绍。下面进入提问环节，提问前请通报一下所在的新闻机构。

Thank you. The floor is open for questions. Please state the news outlet you represent first.

中央广播电视总台央视记者:

CCTV:

前三季度我国经济增速转正，您如何评价经济运行表现？三季度增速稳定回升，特别是9月份主要指标明显改善，您又如何看待？谢谢。

In the first three quarters, China's economic growth has turned positive. How do you evaluate the overall economic performance? The growth rate in the third quarter rebounded steadily, and the main indicators improved significantly in September. What do you think of this performance? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。今年前三季度，面对新冠肺炎疫情的巨大冲击和国内外复杂严峻的环境，各地区、各部门科学统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，有力有效地推动了生产生活恢复。总体上，前三季度经济增速由降转升，经济运行持续稳定恢复。主要的特点可以从三方面来看：

Thanks for your question. Facing the COVID-19 pandemic and especially complicated and severe environment both at home and abroad in the first three quarters, all areas and departments have made comprehensive arrangements for epidemic prevention and control, as well as promotion of economic and social development. Production and normal life have been restored effectively. On the whole, the economic growth rate in the first three quarters turned from decline to increase, and the economic operation continued to recover steadily. The main characteristics can be seen from three aspects:

第一，主要指标的增速由负转正。从累计看，前三季度国内生产总值同比增长0.7%，上半年是下降1.6%，可以说扭转了上半年下降的局面。其中，三次产业增加值全面回升，第一产业增加值增长2.3%，第二产业增加值增长0.9%，第三产业增加值增长0.4%，全部为正值。固定资产投资同比增长0.8%，货物进出口总额增长0.7%，全国居民人均实际可支配收入增长0.6%，这些主要指标的同比增速均实现了由负转正。从当季看，三季度国内生产总值增长4.9%，比二季度加快1.7个百分点；规模以上工业增加值增长5.8%，比二季度加快1.4个百分点；服务业增加值增长4.3%，比二季度加快2.4个百分点。还有两项指标由负转正，一是社会消费品零售总额当季增长0.9%，二季度是下降3.9%；货物进出口总额当季增长7.5%，二季度为下降0.2%。从当月看，9月份规模以上工业增加值增长6.9%，连续6个月保持了正增长；服务业生产指数增长5.4%，连续5个月正增长；社会消费品零售总额增长3.3%，连续2个月正增长；货物进出口总额增长10%，连续4个月正增长。从这些主要指标的变动趋势看，我国的疫情防控和经济复苏确实是走在了全球前列，彰显了中国经济的强大韧性和旺盛的活力。

First, the growth rate of the main indicators has turned from negative to positive. From the cumulative point of view, GDP in the first three quarters increased by 0.7% year-on-year. Considering the GDP had decreased by 1.6% in the first half of the year, we can say that the decline has been reversed. The added value of the three industrial categories rebounded in an all-round way. The added value of the primary industry increased by 2.3%, that of the secondary industry increased by 0.9%, and that of the tertiary industry increased by 0.4%, all of which were positive. Investment in fixed assets increased by 0.8%, the total import and export of goods increased by 0.7%, and per capita real disposable income increased by 0.6%. From the perspective of the current quarter, GDP in the third quarter increased by 4.9%, 1.7 percentage points faster than that in the second quarter; the added value of industries above designated size increased by 5.8%, 1.4 percentage points faster than the second quarter; the added value of the service industry increased by 4.3%, 2.4 percentage points faster than the second quarter. There are also two indicators turning from negative to positive: first, the total retail sales of consumer goods, which fell 3.9% in the second quarter, but increased by 0.9% in the current quarter; the total import and export of goods, which declined 0.2% in the second quarter, increased by 7.5% in the current quarter. In September, the added value of industries above designated size increased by 6.9%, maintaining positive growth for six consecutive months; the production index of the service sector increased by 5.4%, meaning positive growth for five consecutive months; total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 3.3%, meaning positive growth for two consecutive months; and the total import and export of goods increased by 10%, positive growth for four consecutive months. With the change of these main indicators, we can say that China's epidemic prevention and control and economic recovery are leading the world, demonstrating the strong resilience and vitality of China's economy.

第二，就业民生保障有力。今年年初，面对空前加大的就业压力，各地区、各部门全面落实就业优先政策，持续加大民生投入，民生得到了切实的保障和改善。首先看就业，前三季度城镇新增就业898万人，基本完成全年的目标任务。调查失业率呈现了稳中有落的态势，9月份全国城镇调查失业率为5.4%，从年初6.2%的高位持续回落。从居民收入看，前三季度全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长0.6%，这个增速和前三季度经济增长0.7%，基本同步。从物价看，物价涨势比较温和。前三季度居民消费价格同比上涨3.3%，其中9月份同比上涨1.7%。今年社会兜底保障力度尤其比较大，前三季度全国居民人均养老金和离退休金同比名义增长8.7%，人均社会救济和补助收入增长12.9%，人均政策性生活补贴收入增长11.1%，都保持了比较快的增长，而且远高于整体的居民收入增速。

Second, jobs and people's livelihood are well guaranteed. In the face of unprecedented employment pressures at the beginning of this year, all local authorities and government departments implemented a policy giving priority to employment. People's livelihood has guaranteed and improved with the continuous increase of coffer budget. First of all, let's take a look at employment. A total of 8.98 million new urban jobs were created in the first three quarters, almost meeting the annual target. The surveyed unemployment rate is stable with a decline in September in urban areas to 5.4%, compared to 6.2% at the beginning of this year. The national per capita disposable income of residents in the first three quarters witnessed a real increase of 0.6%, roughly in line with the 0.7% of economic growth. Price increases have been moderate. The consumer price in the first three quarters grew by 3.3% year-on-year. Specifically, the consumer price index in September went up by 1.7% year-on-year. Social security has provided particularly strong bottom-line support this year. The national per capita pension and retirement pension posted an 8.7% nominal increase year-on-year; per capita income from social relief and subsidies grew 12.9% and per capita income from policy-based living subsidies expanding 11.1%. They all maintained rapid growth, far faster than the overall growth of residents' income.

第三，新动能引领作用凸显。在疫情冲击下，产业转型发展的动力明显加快，以互联网经济为代表的新动能逆势成长，在助力疫情防控、保障居民生活、促进经济增长方面都发挥了非常积极的作用。前三季度，规模以上高技术制造业增加值增长5.9%，装备制造业增加值增长4.7%，增速都比上半年加快。高技术产业投资增长9.1%，加快2.8个百分点，幅度比较大。网上购物、直播带货这些新业态、新模式持续火热，在线办公、远程问诊、在线教育等新兴需求非常旺盛。前三季度实物商品网上零售额同比增长15.3%，增速比上半年加快1个百分点，占社会消费品零售总额的比重达到24.3%。5G建设、轨道交通这些新基建、新消费的带动作用也在增强，9月份城市轨道车辆产量同比增长超过50%，智能手表产量增长超过70%，新能源汽车产量增长超过50%。总体来讲，这些新经济对整体经济的带动作用是非常显著的。

Third, new growth drivers are playing a leading role. Under the impact of the epidemic, the impetus for industrial transformation and development has accelerated significantly. New driving forces represented by the Internet economy are growing and have played a positive role in helping the epidemic prevention and control, ensuring people's livelihood and boosting economic growth. In the first three quarters, the added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing grew by 5.9% and 4.7% year on year respectively, both faster than the growth in the first half of the year. Investment in high-tech industry grew by 9.1%, posting big growth of 2.8 percentage points faster than the first half. New business forms and models like online shopping and livestream selling has continued apace. There is a strong emerging demand for working from home, online medical consultation and online education. The online retail sales of physical goods in the first three quarters went up by 15.3% year-on-year, one percentage point faster than the first half of the year, accounting for 24.3% of the total retail sales of consumer goods. The new infrastructure and consumption featured by 5G construction and rail transportation has played an enhanced leading role. In September, the output of urban rail vehicles, smart watches and new energy vehicles increased by more than 50%, 70% and 50% year-on-year respectively. Generally speaking, these new economic sectors are playing a significant role in driving the overall economy.

总体上看，今年前三季度整体经济确实呈现出了持续稳定恢复的态势，但是在充分看到好转趋势的同时，我们也要看到，当前境外的疫情形势仍然比较严峻，国际环境不稳定、不确定性仍然客观存在，国内有效需求仍然不足，地区、行业、企业的恢复还不均衡，经济持续向好的基础还需要进一步巩固。所以，下一步我们还是要按照推动经济高质量发展和构建新发展格局的要求，扎实做好“六稳”工作，全面落实“六保”任务，筑牢民生保障基础，助力企业纾困解难，奋力完成全年的目标任务。谢谢。

On the whole, the overall national economy continued a steady recovery in the first three quarters. However, while fully recognizing the trend of recovery, we should also note that the current epidemic situation overseas is still severe and the international environment remains instable and uncertain, together with insufficient effective domestic demands and imbalanced recovery in different regions, sectors and enterprises. The foundation for sustained recovery needs to be consolidated. So, next we would stick to the requirement of promoting high-quality development and building new development pattern, and making solid efforts to stabilize employment, finance, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and meeting market expectations, comprehensively, implementing the tasks to safeguard employment, people's livelihood, market entities' prosperity, food and energy security, stability of industrial and supply chains and operations at grassroots levels, forge a solid foundation for safeguarding people's livelihood and assist enterprises addressing difficulties in order to fulfil the whole-year targets for development. Thank you.

北京青年报记者:

Beijing Youth Daily:

最近国际货币基金组织上调了对我国全年经济增速的预期，您认为四季度我国的经济还会加快恢复吗？如何展望咱们全年的经济走势？在您看来，当前我国经济运行主要面临着哪些困难？谢谢。

Recently, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) raised its forecast for China's economic growth for the whole year. Do you think China's economic recovery will accelerate in the fourth quarter? How would you forecast China's economic trend for the whole year? What do you think the main difficulties are facing China's economic operation at present? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢您的提问。因为前三季度整个经济持续稳定恢复，尤其三季度增长4.9%，大家更加关注下阶段走势会不会延续下去。从各种因素，不管是从需求、生产，还是从整个市场表现出来的信心和活力等方面来看，我们认为，今年四季度乃至全年是有基础、有条件、有信心保持目前的态势。

Thanks for asking. Given the fact that the economy as a whole showed sustained and steady recovery in the first three quarters, with a growth of 4.9% in the third quarter in particular, people are more concerned about whether the trend will continue in the next stage. In terms of various factors including demand and production as well as the confidence and vitality of the whole market, we believe we have the foundation, conditions and confidence to maintain the current trend in the fourth quarter and even for the whole year.

首先看需求，今年前三季度逐步回暖，从投资看，今年前三季度固定资产投资同比增长0.8%，年内首次由负转正。从先行指标看，前三季度新开工项目计划总投资同比增长14.6%，增速比上半年加快1.1个百分点，而且是两位数的增长。固定资产投资本年实际到位资金增长了4.8%，与上半年持平。投资将继续延续目前由负转正、进一步回升态势。从消费看，社会消费品零售总额季度增速年内首次转正。从增长面来讲，目前统计的18类商品类别中有14类都转正，而且有6类实现了两位数增长。从服务端来看，在刚刚过去的十一和中秋黄金周，根据有关部门的监测，全国零售和餐饮的重点监测企业日均销售额比去年十一黄金周增长了4.9%。大家也可以感受到，十一黄金周期间景区、电影院的烟火气。按可比口径计算，游客人数恢复到了去年的八成左右，收入恢复到了七成左右，恢复的态势都是非常好的，说明现在在疫情有效防控的背景下，居民不管是对实物消费还是服务消费的需求都在恢复过程中。

First, demand is gradually picking up. Investment in fixed assets went up by 0.8% year-on-year in the first three quarters, shifting from negative to positive for the first time in 2020. In terms of leading indicators, the total planned investment in new projects registered year-on-year growth of 14.6% in the first three quarters, a double-digit growth rate that is 1.1 percentage points faster than the first half of the year. The funds actually allocated for fixed asset investment increased by 4.8% this year, flat with that in the first half of the year. Investments will continue the current trend from negative to positive and further rebounding. Regarding consumption, the quarterly growth rate of total retail sales of consumer goods turned positive for the first time this year. In terms of growth, the growth rate of 14 of the 18 surveyed commodity categories turned positive, and six of them achieved double-digit growth. Regarding the service industry, the average daily sales of the national retail and catering businesses under close monitoring grew 4.9% year-on-year during the golden week of the National Day and Mid-Autumn Day holiday, according to data from relevant monitoring authorities. You might have felt the popularity of scenic spots and cinemas during the golden week. On a comparable basis, the number of visitors has rebounded to 80% of that of last year while the revenue has recovered 70%. The recovery is good and indicates that residents' demand for both physical goods and services consumptions is recovering against the context of the current effective epidemic prevention and control.

第二，产业循环持续改善。今年我们在打通产业链供应链卡点堵点上加大了力度，保障重点行业和产品的生产，总体来看，产业内部的循环是在逐步改善的。首先，产能利用率逐季提升。三季度，全国工业产能利用率76.7%，比二季度回升了2.3个百分点。其中，汽车制造业回升了3个百分点，通用设备制造业回升了1.7个百分点，计算机通信和其他电子设备制造业回升了0.5个百分点。下游产业的恢复滞后于上游产业的状况在最近几个月也有所改善。9月份，规模以上消费品制造业增加值同比由上个月下降0.8%转为增长3.2%，在连续几个月下降之后首次出现了增长。服务业多数行业都实现了正增长，9月份，构成服务业生产指数的8个行业中有6个行业的生产指数已经实现正增长，其中，信息传输软件和信息技术服务业增长在两位数以上。

Second, the industrial cycles continue to improve. We have stepped up efforts this year to break through the industrial and supply chains sticking points in order to ensure the production of key industries and products. Generally speaking, the industrial cycles are gradually improving. Firstly, the rate of capacity utilization is rising quarter by quarter. China's industrial capacity utilization rate was 76.7% in the third quarter, up 2.3 percentage points from the second quarter. Specifically, auto manufacturing rebounded three percentage points, general equipment manufacturing 1.7% points, and computer communications and other electronic equipment manufacturing 0.5% points. The recovery of downstream industries, which had been lagging behind upstream industries, has also improved in recent months. The added value of consumer goods manufacturing above the designated size rose 3.2% year-on-year, compared to the 0.8% decline of last month and shifting to growth for the first time from declines in consecutive months. Most of the service sector registered positive growth. Six of the eight sectors that make up the service production index have registered positive growth, with double-digit growth in information transmission software and information technology services.

第三，市场主体信心逐渐增强。今年前三季度，通过全力落实助企纾困政策，持续深化“放管服”改革，企业获得感明显增强。首先是减税降费取得积极成效，1-8月份新增减税降费1.88万亿元，有效减轻了市场主体的负担。8月份，规模以上工业企业每百元营业收入中的成本同比减少0.47元。企业利润也在持续增长，8月份，规模以上工业企业利润同比增长了19.1%，连续4个月正增长。8月份，规模以上服务业企业利润同比增长了15.5%，也是两位数的增长。其中高技术服务业的企业利润增长了34.7%。从企业预期来看，9月份制造业采购经理指数是51.5%，非制造业商务活动是55.9%，分别比上个月上升了0.5、0.7个百分点，这两个指数都是连续7个月位于临界点之上。

Third, market entities are showing rising confidence. In the first three quarters, the sense of gain among enterprises has been significantly enhanced because we have fully implemented policies to provide relief to businesses and advanced reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. Positive results were achieved in tax and fee reductions. From January to August, the taxes and fees were further cut by a total of 1.88 trillion yuan, effectively reducing the burden on the operations of market entities. In August, industrial enterprises above designated size reduced their costs by 0.47 yuan per 100 yuan of business income on a year-on-year basis. Business profits have also continued to grow. In August, the profits of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 19.1% year-on-year, with positive growth for four consecutive months. In August, the profits of service enterprises above designated size increased by 15.5% year-on-year, also an encouraging double-digit growth. Among them, profits of high-tech service enterprises increased by 34.7%. In terms of business expectations, the manufacturing purchasing managers' index stood at 51.5% in September, and for the non-manufacturing business activity, the figure was 55.9%, an increase of 0.5 and 0.7 percentage points respectively over August, both staying above the threshold for seven consecutive months.

这三个方面对于下一阶段进一步更好地发挥超大市场的韧性，激发超大市场的需求潜力是非常有利的。总体上来讲，我们对全年的经济发展是充满信心的。谢谢。

In the next stage, the favorable conditions reflected in these three aspects will enable us to further exploit the potential and stimulate the demand of China's super-large market. Generally speaking, we are confident in the economic development of the whole year. Thank you.

彭博新闻社记者:

Bloomberg:

我们在发布的数据中看到，9月份零售业数据是下降了7.2%，同时也看到实际居民可支配收入下降了0.3%。很明显，因为收入没有增长，零售的销售额也不大可能迅速恢复。在这方面，政府将会采取哪些措施来推动居民收入的增长，以更好地实现现在双循环的新发展模式，因为我们理解双循环主要的因素就是要加大内需。

In the data, the retail sales were down 7.2% in the nine months through September and real disposable urban income is down 0.3% in the same period. With income falling, it's not surprising that retail sales haven't rebounded. What will the government do to support private incomes so that you can realize the new model of dual-circulation which is meant to boost domestic demand. Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢您的提问。纠正您的一个数据，全国人均可支配收入前三季度是增长0.6%，下降0.3%是指城镇居民人均可支配收入。确实如您所说，从今年前三季度累计来看，社会消费品零售总额前三季度下降7.2%。累计增速在下降，主要是因为前期疫情冲击对消费需求的影响带来的。近几个月社会消费品零售总额增速已经呈现了回升的态势，刚才也说到，9月份增长3.3%，连续2个月实现了正增长。从趋势上来看，目前的零售可以说已经走出了疫情带来的深度冲击，正在处于恢复过程中。从实际表现来看，线上消费在保持快速增长的同时，线下消费也处于加快恢复的态势。刚才说到全国实物商品网上零售额同比增长15.3%，从我们的监测来看线下消费也是在恢复的过程中。比如，一些传统的商超在前三季度销售额增长2.9%，说明随着疫情的有效控制，更多人愿意走出室内，到实体商店进行消费，所以线下消费有一定的恢复。

Thank you for your question. Indeed, as you said, judging from the figures of the first three quarters, total retail sales of consumer goods fell by 7.2% in the first three quarters. The decline is mainly because of the impact of the epidemic on consumption demand. In recent months, the growth rate of total retail sales of consumer goods has shown a trend of rebounding. As I mentioned earlier, the growth rate in September was 3.3%, and we have achieved positive growth for two consecutive months. Viewed from the trend, it can be said that the current retail industry has managed to get through the heavy blow from the epidemic and is recovering. In terms of actual performance, while online consumption is maintaining rapid growth, consumption in physical stores also shows momentum of accelerated recovery. I said that the online retail sales of physical goods were up by 15.3% year-on-year. Our research shows that consumption in physical stores is also in the process of recovery. For example, the sales of some supermarkets in the first three quarters increased by 2.9%, indicating that, with the effective control of the epidemic, more people are willing to leave their homes and spend money in physical stores. Hence, consumption in physical stores has bounced back to a certain extent.

第二个变化是实物消费在保持比较快增长的同时，服务消费也在加快恢复。9月份商品零售额增长4.1%，连续几个月呈现正增长。服务消费方面，比如住宿餐饮业，前期受疫情冲击比较大的行业近几个月也呈现恢复态势。9月份餐饮收入下降2.9%，降幅连续几个月都是收窄的，已经慢慢接近正常水平。

The second change is that while consumption of physical goods maintains a relatively rapid growth, service consumption is also recovering. The retail sales of consumer goods in September increased by 4.1%, showing positive growth for several consecutive months. In terms of service consumption, industries that were previously hit hard by the epidemic, such as the accommodation and catering sector, have also shown a recovery trend. The income of the catering sector fell by 2.9% in September. The decline has narrowed for several consecutive months, and has gradually returned to normal levels.

第三个特点是在基本生活消费保持较快增长的同时，消费升级类产品的增长保持了比较快的增长。前三季度，居家生活带来了吃类商品的增长，包括食品、烟酒这些支出都保持了比较快的增长。同时，增长更快的是消费升级类的产品，包括化妆品类、金银珠宝类和汽车，这些品类的增长在9月份都恢复到了两位数以上。

The third is that, while consumption of basic consumer goods has maintained relatively rapid growth, products related to consumption upgrading also saw growing momentum. In the first three quarters, staying at home due to the COVID-19 made people spend more on items such as food, tobacco and alcohol. These kinds of products maintained relatively rapid growth. At the same time, the consumption of products related to consumption upgrading, including cosmetics, gold and silver and jewels, and automobiles, also grew rapidly. These categories realized double-digit returns in September.

从这几个方面来看，整体内需恢复的势头是比较明显的，尤其是消费需求。从GDP看，最终消费支出在二季度对GDP拉动的点数是下拉2.3个百分点，到了第三季度是正拉动1.7个百分点，我想这也显示出最终消费支出确实已经从前面两个季度下拉的态势中恢复过来，在一季度下拉4.4个百分点，在二季度缩小到2.3个百分点，到了三季度最终消费支出对整个GDP的拉动点数是由负转正，在当季增长4.9个百分点中占到了1.7个百分点，所以整体上来讲，内需的贡献是在持续恢复，持续上升，这对于我们构建双循环的新发展格局是非常有利的。中国超大市场规模的潜力释放，不光是扩大内需的基本战略基点的体现，也会对整个世界经济复苏带来好处。谢谢。

Judging from these aspects, the overall recovery of domestic demand is relatively obvious, especially consumption demand. In the second quarter, contribution of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth was a negative 2.3 percentage points, while in the third quarter, the contribution was a positive 1.7 percentage points. From a negative 4.4 percentage points in the first quarter, narrowing down to a negative 2.3 percentage points in the second quarter, to a positive figure of 1.7 percentage points in the third quarter, I think the changes indeed show final consumption expenditure has rebounded after the falls of the previous two quarters. Therefore, generally speaking, the contribution of domestic demand continues to recover and rise. It provides favorable conditions for us to foster a new dual-cycle development architecture. The unlocking of the potential of China's super-large market is not only a manifestation of our strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, but also benefits world economic recovery. Thank you.

CNBC记者:

CNBC:

我有两个问题，第一，关于就业。请问今年的毕业生就业情况如何？农民工的就业情况如何？今年有很多农民工没有回到城市，他们在老家或者其他地方的就业情况怎么样？第二，关于消费。我们看到今年电商方面有非常大的增速，前途有多大？因为占比好像比较平稳一点。　

I have two questions. The first one is concerned with the employment of graduates and migrant workers. What is the employment situation in the hometowns of those migrant workers who did not choose to return to cities this year? The second question is on consumption. What is the future of e-commerce, after securing rapid growth this year, when its proportion has undergone fewer volatilities than others?

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢您的提问。两个问题，第一个问题是关于高校毕业生和农民工的就业状况，从我们监测的数据来看，高校毕业生9月份就业状况压力是减轻的，就业形势是趋好的。今年前期在疫情冲击下，很多企业停工，招聘活动也暂停，所以带来毕业季高校毕业生就业压力比较大。到了9月份，毕业季已经逐渐过去，毕业生的就业状况也明显好转。9月份，20-24岁大专及以上人员调查失业率比上个月下降了2.4个百分点。关于农民工的就业，三季度末，外出务工劳动力是1.79亿人，和二季度末相比增加了200万人，说明外出务工劳动力是在增加的。从我们监测的城镇调查失业率来看，外来务工人群的调查失业率也是逐月下降的。所以总体上来讲，农民工就业也是趋于好转的。

Thank you for your questions. The first one involves the employment status of graduates from institutes of higher education as well as migrant workers. Based on the data, the pressure to ensure fresh graduates' employment has been relieved since September, and the job market has gained good momentum. The pandemic earlier this year has negatively impacted the employment prospects of graduates. However, the turning point appeared in September when the graduation season came to an end, and the employment rate showed robust signs of recovery. In September, the unemployment rate observed for graduates aged 20 - 24 from junior college and above dropped by 2.4 percentage points. Concerning the employment of migrant workers, there were 179 million migrant workers in the third quarter this year, an increase of 2 million compared with the second quarter, which indicates the growth of the migrant labor force. The unemployment rate in cities and towns among migrant workers has continued to decline each month, indicating a good momentum regarding employment in this particular sector.

我们还要看到，就业压力还是比较大。就您刚才关注的重点群体来讲，高校毕业生，9月份20-24岁大专及以上人员调查失业率尽管比上个月下降了2.4个点，但比去年同期还是上升了4个百分点，说明今年的就业压力对高校毕业生来说还是比较大的。外出务工劳动力虽然三季度末比二季度末有所增长，但是和去年同比是减少380多万人，下降2.1%。所以，还需要进一步通过保市场主体、助企纾困、鼓励灵活就业等措施，加大政策落实力度，进一步缓解这些重点群体的就业压力。

However, it remains challenging to find employment this year. Despite the monthly drop of 2.4 percentage points of the unemployed graduates aged 20 - 24 from junior college and above in September, the rate remains 4 percentage points higher year on year, indicating a much-strained scene for this year's graduates. Meanwhile, despite the growth of the migrant labor force from the third quarter, employed laborers remained about 3.8 million less compared to last year, registering a year-on-year decline of 2.1%. That is why we need to reinforce the implementation of policies designed to protect market entities, assist enterprises in solving financial problems and stimulate flexible employment so that the employment of those targeted groups can be improved.

第二个问题是关于网上消费的，从刚才公布的数据看，电商表现出了逆势成长的态势。前三季度，实物商品网上零售额同比增长15.3%，占社会消费品零售总额的24.3%。增长15.3%相比整体零售额下降7.2%，是相当不容易的，表现相当突出。占比24.3%，比重也是在逐步提高。总体来讲，在今年疫情冲击下，网上消费对于保障民生、疫情防控乃至整体经济的增长，都起到了非常重要的作用。谢谢。

Your second question is on online consumption. Based on today's data, e-commerce retailers are growing against the trend. In the first three quarters, sales of physical commodities from those retailers jumped 15.3% year-on-year, accounting for 24.3% of the total sales. The growth compared to the 7.2% fall of the entire retail sector is both uneasy and remarkable to achieve. So the 24.3% proportion is a result of gradual growth. Generally speaking, e-commerce consumption has played a significant role in upholding people's livelihoods, maintaining economic growth and preventing and controlling the pandemic from further spreading. Thank you.  

美国国际市场新闻社记者:

Market News International:

您刚才说消费贡献是1.7%，能不能详细介绍一下支出占比是多少？包括资本形成。

Could you please explain in detail how expenditure makes up the entire 1.7% consumption, including the capital formation？

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

三大需求的贡献率，或者讲拉动点数，今年情况比较特殊，个别是负的，所以我们更倾向于用拉动点数来表示数据。前三季度，最终消费支出向下拉动2.5个百分点，资本形成总额拉动点数是3.1个百分点，货物和服务净出口是0.1个百分点，所以前三季度的GDP同比增长0.7%。要看今年三大需求的贡献率或者拉动点数的话，还是要看当季才能看出趋势来。三季度当季最终消费支出的拉动点数是1.7个百分点，资本形成总额拉动GDP增长2.6个百分点，货物和服务净出口拉动0.6个百分点，和二季度比，最终消费支出是由下拉2.3个百分点提升到了正拉动1.7个百分点，可以说上升了4个百分点。资本形成总额是从二季度的正拉动5个百分点，下降到了2.6个百分点，回落了2.4个百分点。货物和服务净出口表现相对平稳，二季度是拉动0.5个百分点，三季度拉动0.6个百分点，基本是持平的。一季度受新冠肺炎疫情冲击，对需求端、尤其消费端的影响是比较大的，从整个变动趋势来看，特别是二三季度变化来看，最终消费支出的贡献逐渐上升，资本形成总额的贡献有所回落，整体上看起来，内需的贡献总体是在上升的。谢谢。

With this year's unique situation, a few contribution rates or three major points of demand turned negative. Therefore, we intended to release the data based on the points. During the first three quarters, the final consumption expenditure dropped by 2.5 percentage points; however, the aggregation of capital formation was up 3.1 percentage points. The net export of both commodities and services was up 0.1 percentage points, registering a GDP growth of 0.7% year-on-year. However, the rates or points are more discernible when we take a closer look at each quarter. During the third quarter, the final consumption expenditure rose by 1.7 percentage points, the capital formation up 2.6 percentage points and the net export of commodities and services up 0.6 percentage points. Compared to the second quarter, the final consumption expenditure increased by 4 percentage points, shifting from minus 2.3 percentage points to 1.7 percentage points. The capital formation fell by 2.4 percentage points from 5 percentage points to 2.6 percentage points. The net export of commodities and services was almost even -- between 0.5 percentage points in the second quarter and 0.6 percentage points in the third quarter. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic at the demand end, especially consumption, was prone to a significant impact in the first quarter. Therefore, with changes in the general situation, especially that in the second and third quarters, the final consumption expenditure grew gradually while the capital formation started to fall, which combined indicate a growing contribution of domestic demand. Thank you.

纽约时报记者:

New York Times:

刚才您提到了外贸拉动三季度是0.6个百分点，而且外贸的顺差也在增加，这种顺差是不是可持续的？特别是我们看到这种顺差可能一定程度上是通过进口减少在拉动，尤其是现在留学生的数量在减少，就是教育服务业这方面在减少。谢谢。

The 0.6 percentage points contribution from foreign trade was a considerable widening in the trade surplus. Is that sustainable going forward? Particularly, is it sustainable given that it partly seems to depend on a decrease in the number of imported education services, in effect, due to the decline in students going out? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢您的提问。货物和服务净出口前三季度拉动GDP是0.1个百分点，三季度当季是0.6个百分点，在和内需的对比中，三季度当季4.9个百分点中，货物和服务净出口占到了0.6个百分点，最终消费支出和资本形成总额占4.3个百分点，总体上还是以内需为主的动力格局。您说到今年的出口为什么会这么好？认为顺差增加是由于前三季度进口是减少的，这可能和当月数据的表现趋势不是太一致。从9月当月看，出口当月增长了8.7%，进口增长了11.6%。总体上来讲，出口加快有客观因素，比如中国的疫情防控走在世界前列，中国的企业以复工复产来支持全球的复工复产，乃至疫情防控，企业复工复产水平是比较高的。从进口来看，随着中国国内经济回升，需求回升，我们对外部的进口需求也是在增长的。所以，整体上来看，中国经济目前的回升既有利于中国自身的增长，也对全球的经济复苏起到了正向的拉动作用。谢谢。

Thank you for your question. The net exports of goods and services contributed 0.1 percentage points to the GDP growth in the first three quarters, and 0.6 percentage points in the third quarter. China's GDP grew 4.9% year-on-year in the third quarter. Net exports of goods and services contributed 0.6 percentage points; final consumption expenditure and gross capital formation contributed 4.3 percentage points. Generally, domestic demand is the primary driving force behind economic growth. You asked why export performance is good this year, saying that the widening trade surplus may result from a decrease in imports. This seems inconsistent with the statistics of the month. In September, China's exports grew by 8.7%, and imports by 11.6%. Generally, the increase in exports was attributable to some objective factors. For example, China leads the world in epidemic control. Chinese enterprises' returning to normal work contributes to global work resumption and epidemic control. In terms of imports, as China's economy rebounds and domestic demand picks up steam, our demand for imports is also increasing. Overall, China's current economic rebound not only drives its own growth but also boosts global economic recovery.

中央广播电视总台央广记者:

CNR:

目前第7次全国人口普查已经在入户摸底了，当前进展如何请帮我们介绍一下。与以往普查相比，今年普查也面临着疫情防控的特殊情况，国家统计局对此有没有相应的预案，人口普查对我国的“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标设定会起到什么样的作用？谢谢。

Door-to-door registration for China's seventh national population census has kicked off. Could you brief us on the latest progress? Different from previous ones, this year's census is being taken in the context of epidemic control. Does the NBS have any plan to deal with the special situation? What role does the population census play in formulating China's 14th Five-Year Plan and future targets for 2035? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢央广记者对我们人普工作的关心。我估计在座的很多朋友都知道，最近一段时间，10月11日持续到10月31日，要进行人口摸底登记工作。在这期间，有的人可能已经接到了电话或者入户调查，有的人即将接到。借此机会，我也宣传一下人口普查，给大家介绍一下人口普查知识，因为在座的每一位都是人口普查的对象。大家知道，人口是最基本的国情，是我们最基本的生产要素之一，中国的人口普查是10年一次，目前我们正在进行的是第七次全国人口普查。这次普查是在中国特色社会主义进入新时代，全面建成小康社会进入决战决胜阶段，两个一百年奋斗目标处于历史交汇期，开展的一次重大的国情国力调查，意义十分重大。从宏观层面来讲，通过人口普查，可以全面查清我国人口数量、结构、分布这些重要的信息，能够准确把握人口变化的趋势性特征，这将为我们科学制定“十四五”规划提供重要的人口信息支持。

Thank you for your attention to the national population census. As many of you may know, door-to-door registration kicked off on Oct. 11 and will continue until Oct. 31. Some residents have already received phone calls or household visits. I want to share some knowledge about the national population census, as everyone present here is the object of the survey. The population provides the most basic information about the national condition and serves as the most fundamental production factor. China conducts a national population census every 10 years, and the current one is the 7th national population census. The nationwide census is of great significance because it is a major survey of our national condition and strength, conducted as socialism with Chinese characteristics, which has entered a new era during the decisive stage in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the period in which the time frames of the two centenary goals converge. From a macro perspective, an accurate census can give a full picture of the population size, structure and distribution, as well as the trend of the demographic change, providing support for formulating China's 14th Five-Year Plan.

对我们每一个公民来讲，通过人口普查也能够为我们政府制定社区的养老、教育设施的分布、配给提供非常重要的基础性信息，所以人口普查对我们每个人来讲都是有意义的。摸底调查阶段，是我们在普查正式登记时点前进行的一次非常重要的实战演习，是我们对整个普查工作从设计谋划阶段向正式实施阶段的一次全面检验。摸底调查从10月11日开始，到10月31日结束，在这20天时间里，全国大概有700万名普查员和普查指导员对全国4亿多的住户进行实地勘察，他们的工作要进入到每一个家庭进行普查告知，他们会询问登记方式，了解户内人口大致的情况。今年首次采用电子填报方式，对住户想采取哪种填报方式也要进行指导，如果您想用手机，或者用别的电子客户端进行登记，我们的普查员还会给您提供相应的帮助。目前摸底调查整体工作在有序顺利的推进。

An accurate census can also provide local governments with essential information which helps them supply and distribute elderly care and education facilities more reasonably. In this sense, a national population census concerns the interest of everyone. Door-to-door visits are an important exercise ahead of the national population census registration and a comprehensive test on the census' design and preparation work. Door-to-door visits started on Oct. 11 and will continue until Oct. 31. During the 20-day period, about 7 million staff will visit the homes of more than 400 million residents. The staff will introduce registration methods and ask questions about the basic demographic data of the households. For the first time, a population census can be conducted digitally this year. Census takers will offer appropriate assistance when residents choose to use mobile terminals such as cell phones to declare personal and family information. At present, door-to-door registration is being carried out in an orderly and steady manner.

刚才央广记者提到，马上要进入秋冬季，在疫情防控常态化条件下进行第七次全国人口普查，对于我们每一个普查员和住户来讲，可以说都面临着不确定性的考验。秋冬季如果有局部的或者散发病例的话，我们确实有应急预案。应急预案主要的内容是针对不同风险等级的地区采取不同的登记方式。在高风险地区，我们可以采取电话访问、网络自主填报方式；在中风险地区会采取户外设站登记，还有网络自主填报；在低风险地区，我们将按照既定的方式，像目前进行的入户登记。在现场登记期间，我们按照防疫要求，要求普查员工作时身体健康，体温正常，入户时要根据防控的要求，戴好口罩，及时进行消毒，切实做好入户登记的防护工作，确保安全。

As autumn turns to winter, the 7th nationwide population census being conducted, along with COVID-19 prevention and control, may present challenges to both census takers and residents. We've already developed an emergency plan in response to potential sporadic cases in some locations. The plan introduces registration methods for regions at different risk levels. In high-risk regions, data will be collected through phone calls and online questionnaires. In medium-risk regions, we will gather information by setting up outdoor registration stations and sending out online questionnaires. In low-risk regions, we will continue to make door-to-door household visits. In accordance with requirements for epidemic prevention and control, census takers on duty should be in good health and have normal body temperature. During household visits, they are required to wear masks, perform disinfection, and ensure personal protection for themselves and residents.

在大家对个人隐私都特别在意的情况下，有一些调查对象对入户登记工作不是特别理解，在此我也代表人普办向大家保证，我们将全流程加强对公民个人信息的保护，各级普查机构和工作人员在普查中获得的信息，必须严格履行保密义务，否则的话将承担相应的法律责任。所以请大家放心接受人口普查员上门登记和电话访问，希望这个14亿人的大工程得到所有公众的大力支持。谢谢大家。

Out of concern for their privacy, some respondents hesitate to take part in door-to-door registration. On behalf of the national population census office, I would like to assure you that we will strengthen protection over residents' personal information throughout the census. Census offices at all levels and their staff are obliged to keep the obtained information private or bear the corresponding legal liability. Please feel secure about receiving phone calls and household visits. I hope the large program concerning 1.4 billion people can gain widespread support from the public. Thank you.

寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

我已经在所在的社区接受了人口摸底。请继续提问。最后两个问题。

A census taker has already visited the neighborhood where I live. Please continue. The floor is open for the last two questions.

路透社记者:

Reuters:

社会消费品零售中有哪些行业增长比较弱？有哪些行业增长比较快？增长是可持续性的吗？请问三季度的零售服务是怎样的？谢谢。

In terms of the retail sales of consumer goods, which sectors have experienced comparatively weak growth, and which have seen rapid growth? Is such growth sustainable? What is the situation in retail services in the third quarter? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢您的提问。从当月的情况看，在商品零售中目前恢复比较慢的，主要是石油及制品类，这是下降最多的，第二是通讯器材类。这两类目前还属于下降区间。对石油及制品类来讲，主要还是价格因素的作用，因为社会消费品零售总额是现价的统计，前三季度石油及制品类的增速也是下降的，下降16.7%，下降幅度比当月更大，所以现在的趋势是收窄的。9月份通讯器材类下降4.6%，但是累计增长7.2%，对于这个月的波动，我们初步判断是一个短期的波动，因为前三季度累计增速较高，这可能和一些品牌的手机在某一个月份进行集中上市有关，或者是与去年的上市周期有一些区别，比如去年可能9月份上市，今年改成10月份，和这种情况可能有一些关系。

Thank you for your questions. Based on the statistics for September, the retail sales of petroleum and related products saw comparatively slow recovery with the largest decline, followed by that of telecommunication equipment. These two categories of goods experienced negative growth. The decrease in retail sales of petroleum and related products can be mainly attributed to price factors, since the total retail sales of consumer goods are calculated using current prices. The retail sales of petroleum and related products in the first three quarters saw negative growth, down 16.7% year-on-year, which is a larger decrease than that in September. Therefore, the decline is currently slowing. The retail sales of telecommunication equipment in September declined by 4.6%, while the figure in the first three quarters increased by a total of 7.2%. As for the fluctuation this month, our preliminary estimates show that it is a short-term one as the total increase in the first three quarters is relatively high. The fluctuation is probably due to the fact that various companies launched cellphones onto the market in particular months, or because the period for releasing new products is different from last year, changing from September last year to October this year. It has something to do with these factors.

总体上来看，这两类在9月份是处于下降的商品类别；从趋势上来看，也是处于改善或者是降幅收窄的过程。从整体来看，前三季度限上单位商品零售还是有相当多的类别目前处于下降区间。也要看到，消费需求确实处于回暖态势，从月度变化来讲，社会消费品零售总额两个月为正增长，但增速微弱，社会消费品零售总额9月份增长3.3%，这个幅度还是低水平的恢复。从累计来看，前三季度下降7.2%，是比较大的降幅，虽然趋势上是恢复的，但整体上水平还是比较低，离回到正常水平还是有距离的。

In general, the retail sales of these two categories declined in September; but the trend shows that they are also improving, and that the decline is narrowing. In general, the retail sales of enterprises (businesses) above the designated size in quite a few categories declined in the first three quarters. It is also worth noting that consumer demand is indeed recovering. In terms of monthly fluctuations, the total retail sales of consumer goods have maintained positive growth for two consecutive months, but the growth is relatively weak. The total retail sales of consumer goods in September increased by 3.3% year-on-year, which is still a low level of recovery. In total, retail sales in the first three quarters fell by 7.2% year-on-year, and this is a relatively big decline. Although recovering, the overall level is relatively low, and there remains work to be done to return to normal levels.

下一步，要坚持扩大内需的战略基点，从增加居民收入、改善消费环境等方面继续发力，进一步推动消费需求的回升。谢谢。

Going forward, we will adhere to the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, and continue to work on aspects such as raising people's income and improving the consumption environment, so as to further promote the recovery of consumer demand. Thank you.

香港南华早报记者:

South China Morning Post：

补充一个关于对经济增速展望的问题，国际货币基金组织预测中国今年经济增长1.9%，一些市场机构预测是在2.5-3%之间，不知道统计局对于今年的具体增速有没有预测？是不是要达到3%左右的水平才能够实现政府工作报告中提出的就业和民生目标，以及接近之前GDP翻番的目标？谢谢。

I want to add a question about the outlook for economic growth. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasts that China's economy will grow by 1.9% this year, while other market institutions predict growth of between 2.5% and 3%. I wonder if the National Bureau of Statistics has any forecast for the specific growth rate this year. Is it necessary to reach a level of around 3% to achieve the employment and livelihood targets set in the government work report, and to get close to the goal of doubling GDP set previously? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢您的提问，您关注的还是关于未来经济走势的情况。最近IMF最新公布的对中国经济增长的预测反映了外界、尤其是国际组织对中国经济增长的信心。从我刚才介绍的情况来看，不管是从需求端还是生产端，目前都处于不同程度的恢复和复苏过程中，表现在整体经济上，目前整体回升、持续稳定恢复的态势是比较明确的。四季度，从经济发展的外部环境来看，疫情发展仍然有不确定性，对世界经济和贸易的影响也存在比较大的不确定性。从内部来看，目前经济仍然是在恢复进程中。有一些指标或者说多数指标都还没有恢复到正常的增长水平，累计的增速有一些也还是下降的。总体上来讲，一方面，我们现在的回升态势有基础、有条件，中国经济整体向好的基本面没有发生变化；但另一方面，也要看到国内外环境中存在的不确定性。我们要进一步按照党中央决策部署，扎实做好“六稳”工作，全面落实“六保”任务，努力完成全年经济社会发展目标。谢谢。

Thank you for your question. Your focus is still on the future economic trends. The IMF's latest growth forecast for China reflects the confidence of the outside world, especially international organizations, in China's economic growth. From the perspective of what I have just described, both the demand and production sides are in the process of recovery to varying degrees, which is reflected in the overall economy. Currently, the trend of a sustained and stable recovery of the economy as a whole is relatively clear. In the fourth quarter, in terms of the external environment of economic growth, there are still uncertainties about the development of the epidemic and its impact on the world economy and trade. Internally, the economy is still in the process of recovery. Most of the indicators have not yet returned to the normal levels, and some of the cumulative growth rates have also declined. Generally speaking, on the one hand, we have the foundation and conditions for the recovery, and the fundamentals for stable growth of the Chinese economy as a whole remain unchanged, but on the other hand, we should also recognize the uncertainties in the domestic and international environments. We must further abide by the decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee, make solid efforts to stabilize employment, finance, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and market expectations. We must comprehensively safeguard residential employment, people's livelihoods, market entities, food and energy security, the stability of industrial and supply chains and operations at grassroots levels in order to fulfil the whole-year targets for economic and social development. Thank you.

寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

谢谢爱华司长，谢谢各位记者朋友们，今天的新闻发布会就到这里，大家再见。

Thank you, Ms. Liu and our media friends. That's all for today's press conference. Goodbye.