发展中的中国和中国外交

A Changing China and Its Diplomacy

——王毅在美国战略与国际问题研究中心的演讲

– Speech by Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the Center for Strategic and International Studies

2016年2月25日

Thursday, February 25, 2016

很高兴有机会与各位专家学者进行交流。我今天演讲的题目是“发展中的中国和中国外交”。

中国最大的发展变化就是改革开放以来保持了30多年的两位数增长，在世界上创造了“中国奇迹”。我们不仅成为了世界第二大经济体，还让6亿多人口成功脱贫，成为实现联合国千年发展目标的最佳实践。

Good morning. I appreciate the opportunity to come to the best think tank, and to tell you about China and China’s diplomacy.

I want to talk about a changing China and its diplomacy. Talking about change and development in China, the biggest there is that for over 30 years we have registered double-digit growth in our economy. And that’s a miracle for the world to see. We have now become the second-largest economy in the world, and we have lifted over 600 million people out of poverty. This is the biggest achievement in accomplishing the Millennium Development Goals.

同时我们非常清醒地意识到，以往的发展模式已经不能持续。无论是从中国人民的长远利益出发，还是从世界的可持续发展考虑，都必须转变我们的发展模式。所以中国毅然决然地做出了决定，那就是以壮士断腕的决心推进结构性改革，走出一条节能、环保、绿色、循环和可持续的发展新路。

On the other hand, we realize the old development model is no longer sustainable. For the sake of the world of our posterity, we must change our development model. So we took a decisive decision, without any hesitation, to press ahead with structural reform, despite all the pains and sacrifices. And we want to take a circular, green, sustainable path of development. And let me say to you all that we have already made visible progress.

我要告诉各位的是，我们已经取得了明显进展。去年，中国第三产业的比重已经超过了50%，环境污染正在得到有效管控。消费对经济增长的拉动快速上升，去年消费对中国经济增长的贡献率已经达到66%。也就是说，在投资、出口和消费三驾马车当中，消费第一次成为最重要的动力。这是一个健康和可持续的变化趋势。当然，由于我们不再依靠大规模投资，经济增长速度有所下降。但尽管如此，我们去年仍然在10万亿美元的巨大基数上实现了6.9%的中高速增长，这其中增长的每个百分点都相当于10年前的2.6个百分点。中国，仍是全球最重要的发展引擎。

Last year, the tertiary industry accounted for over half of our economy, and environmental degradation has been kept under control. Most notably, consumer spending is contributing to a larger and larger share of the economy. The figure last year was 66 percent. In other words, you have the three drivers of growth, investment, export and consumption, and for the first time consumption has emerged as the biggest driver of the economy. This is a more healthy and sustainable pattern of growth.

Of course, in the absence of large-scale investment, the GDP growth rate might moderate a little bit. Yet, we’re now talking about a 10 trillion U.S. dollar economy, and last year we achieved 6.9 percent growth. Every percentage of growth last year was equivalent to 2.6 percentage points of growth a decade ago. So China continues to be the important engine for the world economy.

最近一段时间，中国经济确实面临一些下行压力，这与国际经济环境的变化密切相关，因为中国已是一个高度开放的经济体。我们听到了一些对中国经济前景的担忧，但我要非常明确地告诉各位，中国经济不会硬着陆，中国开放的大门不会关上，中国改革的步伐不会停止。

改革和开放是中国实现经济发展奇迹的两大重要法宝，已经成为了我们的基本国策。继续改革，继续开放，是中国全党全国的共识。中国经济将会在更加健康、更有效率的基础上保持长时期的中高速增长，并迈向中高端水平。

Of course, in the recent period, we are against some economic headwinds. This has a lot to do with the global economic environment, because we’re now a very open economy. We hear some concerns about the Chinese economy, but let me make it very clear to the friends here that there will not be economic hard landing in China. China will not close its door of openness, and the reform in China will not come to a stop. We have relied on reform and opening for our past growth, and the entire party and country in China agree that we need to continue with reform and opening. There shouldn’t be any doubt about that. And this year, the economy will be even more healthier and efficient. And we’re looking at mid to high rate of growth for a considerable period of come, and the economy will move to the middle to the higher end of the value chain.

这个自信来自于何处？我并不是经济专家，我在这里只想告诉大家中国经济具有的三个重要优势和潜力。

Where does our confidence come from? I’m no economist, but let me talk about the three key advantages of the Chinese economy.

第一个优势是中国的巨大市场潜力。昨天在美国国会，有几个议员对我说，美方对同中国的贸易不平衡特别重视，我们买了中国太多的东西，中国买得太少。我告诉他们，不要着急，情况一定会变化，因为中国拥有13亿人口，也就是说中国的市场规模是美国的四倍。中国正在从潜在的市场快速成长为现实的市场，这个市场一旦成熟，肯定会从美国和全世界买更多的东西，到那时，就可能变成中国对美国的巨大逆差了。当然，美国需要向中国提供更加物美价廉的商品。

First of all, we have a huge market potential in China. Yesterday afternoon I was up on Capitol Hill, and some members of Congress said to me that the United States has a serious trade imbalance with China; we’re buying too much from China, you are buying too little from us. And I said to him, Mr. Congressman, just wait a little longer and the situation will change, because the Chinese market is potentially four times the size of the American market and it is emerging rapidly to become a real market. It’s a market of 1.3 billion people. It’s going to mature very soon. And when that day comes, China will run a large deficit and we will buy lots of goods from the United States – high-quality and inexpensive goods from this country. And that day is sure to come.

第二个优势是中国城镇化的发展。发达国家的城镇化水平一般在80%以上。但中国目前的城镇化，如果按照户籍人口计算还不到40%。也就是说，我们还有巨大的空间和潜力，还有巨大的城镇化需求有待开发。这里面蕴藏着巨大的商机。

The second key advantage of the Chinese economy is the pace of urbanization. Well, developed economies have an urbanization rate of around or above 80 percent. But when you look at China, the registered urban population is less than 40 percent. In other words, we have enormous potential and room to tap. And herein lies enormous business opportunities.

第三个优势是服务业的扩张。发达国家服务业占经济结构比例一般70%以上。而中国的第三产业才刚刚迈过50%的门槛。也就是说这方面我们也仍然具有巨大发展潜力和空间。

The third key advantage of the Chinese economy is expansion of the service sector. Normally, the service sector would account for over 70 percent in developed economies. And in China, it’s just past the 50 percent mark. So in this area, as well, there is enormous potential.

中国自身的发展一定会持续下去，同时也一定会为包括美国在内的国际社会提供更多机遇。中国和美国一定会成为长期稳定的经贸合作伙伴。

China will surely continue to grow and develop, and we will provide many more business opportunities for the United States and other countries. And China and the United States will surely become long-term economic and trade partners.

接下来，我说说中国的外交。外交是内政的延伸。我们已经制定了“两个百年”的奋斗目标，要团结全国各族人民共同实现民族复兴的中国梦。中国的外交就是要为这个最大的内政来服务，就是要为中国实现发展目标提供更加稳定、良好、友善的外部环境，就是要为助力这个目标的实现营造和开创更多外部资源。

Moving on to China’s diplomacy, diplomacy is the extension of domestic affairs. We have already set out the two centenary goals, and we’re uniting all the people in China in a common effort to realize the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation. And Chinese diplomacy will serve this overriding domestic objective. We want to do all we can to facilitate the accomplishment of our goal, and we want to create a more stable, enabling and friendly external environment for China’s development. We want to harness more external resources for the benefit of China’s development.

大家对中国外交这几年的进展印象深刻，甚至是刮目相看。近三年来，习近平主席就如何在继承基础上进一步拓展中国外交，提出了一系列重要的新思想和新理念。中国外交正在更加积极地维护正当的国家利益，更加积极地承担应尽的国际责任，也更加积极地同世界各国，当然包括美国发展互利共赢的国家关系。

I’m sure you’re all impressed with China’s development in recent years. You have every reason to be. In the last three years, President Xi Jinping built on the good tradition of China’s diplomacy, and articulated a whole series of new ideas and concepts. In our diplomacy, we are more proactive in defending China’s legitimate and lawful national interests. We’re more proactive in shouldering our due international responsibilities and obligations. And we are more proactive in working with other countries, particularly the United States, to pursue win-win interstate relations.

中国外交在当前和今后一段时间主要会做什么？我的说明是，当前和今后一段时间，中国外交要承担起五项重要使命。

At present and in the period to come, what are the main tasks for the Chinese diplomacy? You may have read lots of material and commentary. Well, today, I want to give you my understanding and interpretation of it. In my view, China’s diplomacy will have five key tasks.

第一项使命，是中国外交要使更多国家和民众了解并理解中国选择的社会制度和发展道路。中国是国际社会的成员，我们希望更多、更深入地融入国际社会。同时，我们必须坚持自己选择的中国特色社会主义道路。这是因为，这个选择完全适合中国国情，完全符合中国人民的利益，得到了中国社会各界最广泛的支持。中国特色社会主义，最简要地讲，其特征就是在尽可能调动亿万人民奋发有为、竞相发展积极性的基础上，坚持共同富裕的目标。也就是说，每一个中国人，无论身在城市还是农村，无论处在顺境还是暂时处在逆境，无论有什么样的社会背景和家庭出身，都可以对自己的前途怀有憧憬，抱有希望，都可以通过自身的打拼实现自己的梦想。正因为如此，中国特色社会主义制度和道路得到了最广泛人民大众的强有力支持。

Number one, we want to help more countries and nations to better understand China’s social system and development path. China is a member of the international community. We want to be more deeply integrated into the international community. At the same time, we will remain committed to socialism, with distinct Chinese characteristics, for we believe this choice is in tune with China’s national conditions and the people’s needs. It has the strongest support from all sectors of Chinese society.

Socialism with Chinese characteristics, in the simplest nature, has its basic features as the following. We try our best to mobilize billions of people’s initiative, and on that basis we are committed to common development as the general objective. That is to say, every Chinese, whether in towns or in countryside, in hardships or in good times, born from good families or not, despite all of this, every Chinese people can have hopes and expectations for the future, and can realize their dreams through their hard efforts. This is a goal that we aim to realize. This is a general objective of what we mean by common prosperity. And it is because of this the socialism with Chinese characteristics as a path has received the support from most people.

同时我们看到，在一个拥有13亿人口、一个发展很不平衡、地区差异很大的国度，要实现现代化，我们必须有一支中坚力量，一支有理想、敢担当、能奉献的中坚政治力量。这支中坚力量就是8600万成员的中国共产党。8600万中共党员，如果人人都按照党章要求，担当各条战线的先锋，那么，任何难题都难不倒中国，任何困难都阻挡不住中国。

And, at the same time, one also needs to notice that in a country of 1.3 billion people, and in a country with quite strong and uneven development and disparity of development, realizing of modernization would require and must require a staunch force. A force with idealism, with a sense of responsibility can devote and make dedicated efforts. And such a staunch force is the Communist Party of China, having a membership of 86 million at present.

If 86 million party members can follow the requirements of the party constitution, and take the national interests seriously and in a very important position, and be pioneers in all fronts, then any kind of difficulties or challenges will not prevail over China. Any kind of difficulties will not hinder China’s development.

更重要的是，这支8600万的党员队伍需要一个坚强的领导核心。而这个核心，就是以习近平同志为总书记的党中央。在以习近平为总书记的党中央的统率和擘划下，中国这条巨大的航船正在按照自己的既定航程坚定前行。我们一定能实现我们的目标，我们对此有充分的自信。

At the same time, and more importantly, the 86 million CPC members need a strong leadership core. And that core is the CPC Central Committee, with General Secretary Xi Jinping – with Xi Jinping as the general secretary. And under such a leadership, the massive ship of China is going forward in a steady way, and we will realize the two centenary goals. We have ample confidence about that.

同时，中国的发展既与每一个中国人民的生活密切相关，也与全世界人民的利益密切相关。我们非常希望在进一步融入国际社会的过程中，得到更多国家的理解。中国决不会输出我们的社会制度和发展模式，因为每个国家都有权根据本国国情来选择发展道路。但我们愿意在平等基础上，同国际社会进行相互交流。

And at the same time, China’s development is related to every Chinese well-being and happiness. It’s also related to every other country’s and every other people’s happiness. It’s very closely related with that. We very much hope that, when we further integrate in the international community, we can receive more countries’ and more peoples’ understanding.

China will never export our social systems or development concepts because we are always convinced that every country has the right to choose development paths which are compatible with its own national conditions. At the same time, we believe that, on the basis of equality, we can conduct exchanges with each other over this.

大家都知道有一本书叫作《习近平谈治国理政》。这本书自2014年开始对外发行，很快就风靡全球，目前已在100多个国家和地区出版，总发行量达到500多万册。我们希望并相信，随着中国同世界各国的交往进一步加深，一定会有更多国家和民众理解、支持中国选择的社会制度和发展模式。这也是中国外交必须要承担的使命。

Now, you know that there is a book on “The Governance of China.” It started publication in 2014, and it became very popular – now in more than 100 countries and regions it was published. It had a publication number of more than 5 million copies, Xi Jinping on “The Governance of China.” We are confident that, as China develops its exchanges with other countries in the world, there will be more countries and more people who understand and support the development path that China has chosen and the system that China has chosen, as well as the development models China has chosen. This is the number-one task of China’s diplomacy.

第二项使命，是中国外交要坚定维护二战胜利以后形成的国际秩序和国际体系。我们绝不会“另搞一套”。因为中国是当年在联合国宪章上第一个签字的国家，我们用3500万人伤亡代价换来了这个世界的和平。

我们首先要坚定维护以联合国为核心的当代国际体系，以及以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为代表的国际关系基本准则。我们认为，当今世界之所以乱象频生，很重要的一个背景是联合国宪章的宗旨和原则没有得到充分贯彻，不干涉内政、和平解决争端等重要理念被抛到一边。所以中国外交一个重要的任务就是通过我们的身体力行，通过外交行动，真正把宪章的宗旨和原则贯彻到国与国交往和具体实践当中。这是中国应该发挥的国际作用。

And the second task is to firmly safeguard the international order and the international systems established since the victory of the Second World War. We will not start something else because in those years China was the first country to sign on the Charter of the U.N. China paid a cost of more than 35 million people’s lives to have won the peace of the world, and the first thing for us is to staunchly safeguard the U.N.-centered international contemporary system, as well as the basic norms governing international relations represented by the Charter of the U.N.

In our view, the fact that so many disabilities are happening is because the principles and purposes of the U.N. Charter have not really been implemented and actualized. Non-interference in other countries’ domestic affairs and the peaceful settlement of disputes, these concepts have been thrown away and thrown aside. Therefore, an important task of China’s diplomacy is to, through our own practice, to really implement the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter in the concrete and specific practices of state-to-state exchanges. In our view, this is an international responsibility and obligation that China shoulders.

我们还需要维护自由开放的世界贸易体系，中国依靠开放得到了快速发展，我们正在并希望与世界各国一起来建立开放的经济体系，我们反对一切形式的贸易保护主义。面对现在世界各地不断出现的各种区域或次区域自贸安排，我们不希望它们碎片化发展。不管什么样的自贸安排，包括TPP也好、RCEP也好，都应该成为通向更广泛的自由贸易体制的路径。这一点实际上已经在前年北京APEC会议中作出明确宣示，美国、中国以及所有APEC成员国都做出了承诺。我们不仅要维护一个自由开放的贸易体制，我们还希望把它延伸至投资领域。大家知道，迄今为止，世界上还没有统一的投资规则。今年9月在杭州召开的G20峰会，作为东道主，我们希望与G20的成员们共同讨论，如何来形成一个大家都遵守的、开放的全球投资规则，这不可能一蹴而就，但我们希望启动这一进程。

And another thing for us to do is that we must defend a free and open world trade system. It is relying upon trade and opening up that China has achieved rapid development. We are building an open-minded economy. We hope the world will do so. We are opposed to any kind of trade protectionism.

And in the face of the current and the frequent regional and sub-regional FTA arrangements, at this moment we don’t hope to see development of a fragmentization. Rather, we hope that, no matter what kind of arrangement – TPP or ICP – they should become – they should become pathways leading to broader FTA system. And that point has already been affirmed at the declaration during the APEC summit held in Beijing. China and all other APEC members have expressed their commitment to such a principle.

Not only do we need to defend an open and a free trade system, but we want to extend that further into the field of investment because, as you know, so far there’s not yet rules of investment in the world. Therefore, the G-20 summit that will be taking place in Hangzhou in China this year has an important agenda, which is for the G-20 members to discuss jointly how to explore and form global investment rules observed by all and open to all. And this is not something that can be achieved overnight; yet, we want to get it started.

此外，我们还希望不断完善当今的国际经济金融治理机制。中国已经深入参与了现有国际经济和金融机制。比如延宕5年的IMF改革方案，去年底美国国会终于通过了。中国在IMF的份额和投票权都有了明显增加。今年初，中国还成为欧洲复兴开发银行成员。我们将继续在现有的国际经济金融体制中发挥应有的作用。同时，我们倡议成立了亚投行（AIIB），一开始有些国家对此有疑虑，甚至怀疑中国是不是要搞亚洲版的“门罗主义”。但现在情况已经清楚，中国从一开始就敞开臂膀，欢迎全世界的国家加入，而不仅仅局限在中国所在地区。目前，57个创始成员国一半以上是亚洲以外的国家。除了美国、日本以外的发达国家几乎都参加进来，我们都持非常欢迎的态度。现在还有将近40个国家在排队等待加入。我们将与各成员国一道，将AIIB打造成具有国际标准、专业化的，同时又没有那么多官僚主义，能够填补亚洲基础设施建设融资瓶颈的多边金融机构。它将是对现存的国际金融机制的补充，绝不是要另起炉灶。

Another point is that we would like also to defend and improve the current world economic and financial governance system. China has already deeply involved itself in the existing international financial and economic system. For example, the IMF reform proposal, which has been there for five years, has been adopted this year by the Congress at the United States. Our quota and voting has increased significantly. And China has also become a full member of the EBRD, European bank. And we will continue to play our role in the existing international financial and trade order.

And at the same time, we do advocate and initiated the AIIB, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. From the outset, some countries have anxieties or worries over that, and they are suspicious whether China’s doing Monroe Doctrine of an Asian type. But now it’s very clear that from the very beginning we embraced all other countries of the world to join the AIIB rather than limiting AIIB to the regions where China finds itself.

Now, AIIB membership has – half of them and more are from countries outside of Asia. For the developed countries other than the U.S., all other countries have – developed countries have joined, although that might imply a decrease of our equity in the AIIB. Still, we are willing to make it an open mechanism. And now there are some 40 countries that are waiting and queuing to join the AIIB. We will, together with all AIIB members, turn the AIIB into an international standard, a professional, and at the same time less of a bureaucracy, and an institution that really devotes itself to Asia’s infrastructure development and address the financing bottlenecks in those aspects, and turn it and make it something which supplements and improves on the existing investment scheme. We are not starting something new in this connection.

So that’s my second point. That is, overall, we defend and we will defend the international system established after the victory of the Second World War.

中国外交的第三项使命，就是要更加积极有为地为中国自身的发展服务。当前最重要的工作就是同各国一道推进“一带一路”建设。我们所在的欧亚大陆，几百年来充满了刀与剑、血与火，战争战乱不断。现在亚欧大陆国家最大的公约数就是要发展，要加速工业化进程，提高自主发展能力。而中国恰恰可以向这些国家提供所需的先进装备、成熟技术以及管理、融资、人才培训。总之，这完全是一个优势互补、经济合作、互利共赢的倡议，它会为中国和参与“一带一路”的国家开创新的发展前景，开拓新的合作领域。不仅对中国、对所有国家都有利。目前，已有70多个国家支持并愿参与“一带一路”建设。

Let me come to the third task of China’s diplomacy – that is, to actively serve China’s own development. By this point and at this moment, the most important work to do is to work with more and more people and promote the development of the Belt and the Road Initiative. The Eurasian continent that China is located has, over the thousands of years, is full of the swords and fires and blood and chaos. However, today the commonality of all Eurasian countries are to develop industrialization, to accelerate industrialization, and improve their capacity for development. And exactly because of this, China can provide them advanced equipment, mature technologies, as well as management, financing and human resources training experiences. So this is a completely win-win and complimentary initiative of the Belt and the Road Initiative. China and all other countries joining this initiative will be provided new prospects for development, and they will find new concepts for development. This is beneficial not only for China, but for all other countries. Now more than 70 countries have expressed support and willingness to join in the building of the Belt and the Road Initiative.

“一带一路”建设有三大支柱，第一大支柱是互联互通，中国目前正积极与各国合作，打通相互联接的通道。我们不仅要进一步打通欧亚大陆通道，还希望建设泛亚铁路，我们也愿意响应非洲朋友们的愿望，将来把非洲54国用高速铁路连接起来。中国高速铁路已达１.8万公里，占全世界70%以上，我们完全有能力与大家一起实现互联互通。

There are three pillars of the Belt and Road Initiative. The first is connectivity. Therefore, China is actively working together with other countries to clear the corridors of mutual connection. Not only we want to clear the Eurasian connectivity roads, but we want to build in a good way the Pan-Asian railway networks. And we hope and we are willing to echo the aspirations of African countries and link the 54 African countries with high-speed railway in the future. Now, China has more than 18,000 kilometers of high-speed railway domestically, and we have this ability to work with other countries to achieve connectivity.

“一带一路”第二大支柱是产能合作。我们已与20多个国家签署国际产能合作协议。我们希望通过产能合作来加快各自的工业化进程，实现更高层次的发展，从而应对目前世界经济低迷给各国带来的各种挑战。实际上，美国也有“再工业化”进程，欧洲也有相应倡议。中国的国际产能合作计划是开放的，不仅跟所有有意愿的国家进行产能合作，也欢迎三方合作。如果把中国的先进装备、充足的融资和发达国家，比如美国的一些技术和关键部件结合起来，这种产能合作就将更加有效地推动各国经济发展，从而促进世界繁荣。

The second pillar of the Belt and Road Initiative is the cooperation of production capacity. We’ve signed with more than 20 countries on the agreements over international cooperation on production capacity. And we hope that, through this, we can accelerate our respective industrialization process and realize a higher level of development, and also by doing this to cope with the challenges on all countries’ economy. In fact, in the U.S. there’s a re-industrialization plan. Europe has the same. Our production capacity cooperation plans are open. We are willing to – open to any kinds of cooperation, including the tripartite cooperation on production capacity. China has advanced equipment and ample sources of funding. If we can combine that with other countries – for example, the U.S. core and critical parts or components – then such a kind of cooperation on production capacity can be advanced in a more effective way, to the benefit of development of all countries’ economy, and in that way contribute to the world’s prosperity.

“一带一路”的第三大支柱是人文交流。欧亚大陆有各种不同文明和文化，没有优劣、高下之分。我们愿通过一带一路建设使不同的文明和文化相互借鉴、相互包容，共同促进人类历史进步。

And, of course, the third pillar of the Belt and Road Initiative is people-to-people and cultural exchange. There are diverse civilizations and cultures on the Eurasian continent. None is superior to the others. We hope in the process of pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, these different civilizations can learn from each other in an inclusive way, contributing to human progress.

中国外交的第四项使命，就是有效维护中国不断拓展的海外利益。与其他大国发展轨迹一样，中国已经到了越来越多企业、越来越多公民走出国门、到世界各地去发展的新阶段。中国目前有3万家企业遍布世界各地，数百万中国人工作生活在世界各个角落。中国每年非金融类直接投资快速增长，去年已达到1200亿美元。这个数字已经接近甚至超过中国引进外资的规模。再加上每年约1.2亿人次中国公民出境，构成了全世界最大的流动人员群体。中国政府当然有责任、有义务维护好这些机构和人员的合法权益。但坦率地讲，我们在这方面手段缺乏，资源不足，能力建设薄弱。因此，中国外交一项非常紧要的任务就是要不断增强我们海外维权的能力建设，要运用更多的资源，同国际社会一起来维护好我们不断拓展的巨大海外利益。当然，是合法、正当的利益。

The fourth task of China’s diplomacy is to effectively protect China’s ever-growing overseas interests. Like other major countries before us, China has come to a stage where more of our businesses and citizens are going abroad to develop themselves in other countries. Now, over 30,000 Chinese companies have set up shop in other countries. Several million Chinese are now working or living in other countries. And every year non-financial outbound investment is rising rapidly. Last year, it reached $120 billion U.S. Of course, if you’re counting financial investment, the figure would still be greater. And this figure is close to or may even be bigger than inbound investment into China, and it’s growing rapidly every year.

And every year 120 million of our people travel abroad. This may be the largest migratory population in the world. So the Chinese government has a responsibility and an obligation to protect our overseas interests to make sure the overseas Chinese institutions and personnel are well-protected. But to be honest, we don’t have the resources and capability to do that. So this is an urgent task for China’s diplomacy. We must continue to enhance our ability to protect the lawful rights and interests of our companies and personnel. And we want to draw on international resources, working with other countries, to better protect our ever-growing overseas interests, which are lawful and legitimate.

中国外交的第五项使命就是要更加建设性地参与国际与地区热点问题的解决。这首先是因为中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国，对国际和平与安全承担着重要责任。同时，热点问题的解决也将为中国的发展提供更好的国际环境。在非洲，我们斡旋南苏丹的纠纷；在亚洲，我们斡旋阿富汗和谈、缅甸国内和解。我们和各方一起促成了伊朗核问题全面协议的达成。我们还积极参与了叙利亚问题的政治解决进程。

The fifth task of China’s diplomacy is to play a more active part in the settlement of international and regional issues. We are one of the permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, so we have a responsibility for maintaining international peace and stability. And in our view, the resolution of hot-spots issues can create a more enabling environment for China’s own development, besides being a good thing to the world. In Africa, we’re helping to mediate the dispute between parties in South Sudan. In Asia, we are facilitating the peace talks in Afghanistan and the national reconciliation process in Myanmar. Of course, we have worked with United States and others to arrive at the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on the Iranian nuclear issue, and we are an active participant in the political settlement of the Syrian issue. We’re in frequent communication with both the government and opposition in Syria.

可能目前大家最关心的是朝鲜半岛核问题。我愿在之后的答问环节详细回答大家的提问，但我要强调中方的三点基本立场。第一点，我们反对朝鲜发展核武器，朝鲜半岛不能有核，无论是北方还是南方，无论是自己制造还是引进部署。半岛出现核武器，不符合各方利益，也不利于朝鲜维护自身安全。所以，半岛必须实现无核化，对此中国坚定不移。

And I gather the issue that’s foremost on your mind at this moment is the situation on the Korean Peninsula. I’m prepared for questions on this after my speech, but let me say this: First of all, we’re against the development of nuclear weapons by the DPRK. We cannot allow nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula, either in the north or in the south, either developed indigenously or introduced from the outside. Should there be nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula, it would be detrimental to the interests of all parties. And it’s not in the best security issues of the DPRK itself. So the Korean Peninsula must be denuclearized. This is China’s firm goal.

第二点，半岛不能战、不能乱。半岛任何战乱都会带来无法想象的严重后果。如何来实现无核化？最终还是需要通过谈判解决。就和伊朗核问题的解决一样，十年谈判，十年磨一剑。半岛核问题就是因为六方会谈中断了八年，才出现了朝鲜一次又一次的核试验。我们当然要通过新的联合国决议，采取进一步有力措施，有效阻断朝鲜方面的核导发展计划。但是另一方面，我们绝不能放弃和谈的努力，因为和谈才是解决问题的唯一可行途径。中方作为六方会谈东道主，我们履行责任和义务，本着公正客观立场，提出了一个并进谈判的思路，那就是半岛无核化和停和机制转换并行推进。没有半岛无核化，就没有停和机制转换；反过来，停和机制转换不起来，各方的合理关切、包括朝鲜方面的安全关切都得不到解决，那么无核化也难以真正可持续地落到实处。这两个方面需要齐头并进，它的特征在于明确了无核化的大方向，同时合理平衡地解决了各方要价。我们愿意同其他各方进一步探讨如何推进这一并进思路的路径和步骤。

Secondly, there can be no war or turbulence on the Korean Peninsula, otherwise there will be horrible consequences. How to achieve denuclearization? Ultimately, we have to go through negotiation, just as in the case of the Iranian nuclear issue, where 10 years of negotiation has produced the comprehensive agreement. I know Wendy Sherman is in the audience. She, on behalf of the American government, made an enormous contribution to the negotiation. And we admire her for her hard work. In the case of the Korean nuclear issue, the Six-Party Talks has been stalled for eight years. And in that period, we’ve seen multiple nuclear tests. There will be a new U.N. Security Council resolution entailing further actions to limit the development of nuclear missile technologies in the DPRK. Yet, at the same time, we must not give up on peace talks, which provide the only viable solution to the nuclear issue.

China is the chair of the Six-Party Talks. We are fulfilling our responsibility and obligation. And we have put forward the idea of pursuing in dual tracks the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, and the replacement of the Korean armistice with a peace agreement. In other words, without denuclearization there will not be a peace agreement. On the other hand, without a peace agreement and without addressing the legitimate concerns of the parties, including those of the DPRK, then denuclearization cannot be achieved in a sustainable way. So we have to pursue both in parallel to achieve denuclearization and to address the concerns of the parties in a balanced way. We’re prepared to work with the relevant parties to work out the pathway and steps for this dual track approach.

第三点，中国正当的国家利益必须得到保障。这里大家自然想到“萨德”反导系统。美国有可能在韩国部署“萨德”反导系统，这最终将由韩国来决定。韩国的内政我们当然是不干涉的。我们也理解美国和韩国在这种复杂形势下维护自身安全的迫切需要。但我要告诉大家的是，“萨德”反导系统X波段雷达覆盖范围已深入中国内陆，也就是说中国的正当国家安全和利益很可能受到损害、甚至威胁。所以美国和韩国如果商量是否部署“萨德”反导系统的时候，应该考虑中国的合理安全关切，应该给中国一个有说服力的、能够让中方信服的解释和说明。中方的上述要求合情合理。

And thirdly, I must say, China’s legitimate national interests must be upheld in the process. And many of you may have in mind the deployment of the THAAD missile defense system. The United States is likely to deploy THAAD in the Republic of Korea. Of course, it’s up to the ROK government to make a final decision. To some extent, it’s their internal affair and China does not interfere in the internal affairs of other countries. And we understand that in a very complex environment, the United States and the Republic of Korea want to ensure their own security.

But I must point out that the X-band radar associated with the THAAD system has a radius that goes far beyond the Korean Peninsula, and reaches into the interior or China. In other words, China’s legitimate national security interests may be jeopardized or threatened. So after the news broke that the U.S. and the ROK may discuss the deployment of THAAD, we believe China’s legitimate security concerns must be taken into account, and a convincing explanation must be provided to China. I don’t think it’s too much to ask. It’s a reasonable position.

大家一定也很关心南海局势。我要告诉大家的是，南海局势实际上是总体平稳的。因为没有一条商船抱怨过它在南海的航行受到了干扰。南沙部分岛礁确实存在争议。中国有42个岛礁被一些国家相继非法占领。但尽管如此，中国政府的立场是坚持通过对话谈判、以和平的方式、根据国际法包括《联合国海洋法公约》来寻求妥善解决。这是中国政府坚定明确的立场，也成为确保南海局势总体稳定的重要因素。我们正在与东盟国家一起落实《南海各方行为宣言》，加快推进“南海行为准则”磋商。中国和东盟国家完全有能力维护好南海地区的和平与稳定。我们曾经提出过几条建议：

I know you still have many questions on this issue, but let me now move to the next issue, the situation in the South China Sea. Let me say to you, the general situation there is stable. No commercial vessel has complained that its freedom of navigation has been threatened or jeopardized – none. While it’s true that there is a dispute over some of the islands and reefs in the Nansha Chain, or some might call the Spratlys, and fully two of China’s islands and reefs as part of the Spratlys have been illegally taken by others.

Still, China’s position is we want to have a peaceful resolution of the issue through dialogue and negotiation, in accordance with international law, including UNCLOS. This is a firm commitment from the Chinese government which has ensured the general stability of the situation in the South China Sea. In the meantime, we’re working with ASEAN countries to implement the DOC. And we’re speeding up the COC consultation. China and ASEAN countries have every capability to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea on our own.

第一，争议各方要按照DOC的规定，通过直接商谈和平解决争议。DOC第四条明确规定，争议由直接当事方通过谈判解决。中国与东盟10国领导人都在DOC上签了字，这份文件是有约束力的。尽管菲律宾不愿同中国谈，但我们仍然在同其他国家一起履行这一规定。

We have made quite a few proposals. First of all, the disputing parties, in accordance with the DOC, must peacefully resolve their disputes through negotiation. Article 4 of the DOC makes it clear that the dispute must be resolved by the directly concerned states. And the leaders of China and 10 ASEAN countries signed off on the DOC. So it should be a binding requirement. The Philippines has closed the door of dialogue with China. Still, China and the other ASEAN countries are doing our best to implement Article 4 of the DOC.

第二，域内国家即使不是争议国，但作为南海沿岸国，应一起努力维护南海地区的和平与稳定，维护根据国际法规定享有的航行自由。中国将在其中发挥自己的作用。

Secondly, counties in the region, claimants or otherwise, who border the South China Sea must work together to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea, and to uphold the freedom of navigation in accordance with international law. And China will play its due role.

第三，域外国家能够支持有关争议通过直接谈判来解决，支持中国和东盟一起维护南海地区的和平与稳定。

我想如果能做到以上三点，南海将继续保持和平与稳定。大家不必过于担心。

Thirdly, countries from outside of the region, it is hoped will support the resolution of the disputes through negotiation between the directly concerned parties, and will support the efforts of China and ASEAN to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea. We hope outside countries can play a constructive role. Now, if all the three points are satisfied, then we can continue to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea. And you needn’t be too worried about it.

最后我要谈一下中美关系。大家都说中美关系是最重要的双边关系，确实如此。一个最大的发达国家和一个最大的发展中国家之间的关系搞好了，对两国人民甚至对世界都是有益的。但如果搞不好，有可能掉进所谓的“修昔底德”陷阱。为此，中国国家主席习近平提出中美双方要共同建设新型大国关系，说到底就是要建设合作共赢的中美关系。我认为这是一个明智的选择，也是一个正确的方向，我们正在朝这个方向跟美方合作，不断加强对话，增进相互了解，推动关系发展。

Finally, let me speak about the China-U.S. relationship. I think I may have spoken for half an hour already, and I know there is a Q&A session to follow. But before I do, I will talk about our relationship. This is the most important bilateral relationship I the world. It’s a relationship between the world’s largest developed country and its largest developing country. A good China-U.S. relationship will benefit both nations and the world at large. However, if the relationship is mishandled, then we might call into the so-called Thucydides trap.

President Xi Jinping has suggested that the two countries work together to build a new model of major country relationship. The goal or vision is to build a win-win China-U.S. relationship. I think that’s the right way to go. And we’re working with the United States in this direction, to deepen our mutual understanding, to increase our dialogue, and to advance the process of building a new model of relations. 

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