胡凯红:

Hu Kaihong: 

女士们、先生们，各位记者朋友们，大家下午好！欢迎出席国务院新闻办举办的新闻发布会。今天，国务院新闻办公室发布《中国的粮食安全》白皮书，同时举行新闻发布会，向大家介绍和解读白皮书的主要内容。

Ladies and gentlemen, friends from the media, good afternoon. Welcome to this conference. Today, the State Council Information Office (SCIO) launched the white paper titled "Food Security in China," and is holding this press conference to brief you on its main content and its details.

出席今天发布会的有：国家发展改革委党组成员、国家粮食和物资储备局局长张务锋先生，国家发展改革委副秘书长苏伟先生，国家粮食和物资储备局副局长黄炜先生。我是国务院新闻办公室新闻发言人胡凯红，今天的发布会由我主持。

With us here today are: Mr. Zhang Wufeng, a member of the Party Leadership Group of the National Development and Reform Commission and head of the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration; Mr. Su Wei, deputy secretary general of the National Development and Reform Commission; and Mr. Huang Wei, deputy head of the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration. I'm the SCIO spokesperson Hu Kaihong. I'll host the conference today.

首先，我就白皮书的主要内容作简要介绍。《中国的粮食安全》是继1996年《中国的粮食问题》后，中国政府发布的第二部关于粮食安全问题的白皮书。白皮书全景式展现70年来特别是党的十八大以来中国粮食安全事业发展取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革，全面介绍中国深入实施国家粮食安全战略，推动粮食产业高质量发展的理念和实践，阐明中国将坚定维护世界粮食安全，推动构建人类命运共同体。白皮书全文约1.2万字，由前言、正文和结束语组成。

First, I'd like to make a brief introduction to the main content of the white paper. "Food Security in China" is the second white paper on the country's food security issue that the Chinese government launched after the "China Food Issue" released in 1996. It gives us a full picture of the historic achievements and transformation that China has made in the food security field after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, especially after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012. It makes a comprehensive introduction to China's philosophies and practices relating to implementing the country's food security strategy and promoting the high-quality development of the grain industry. It demonstrates China's determination to maintain world food security, and build a community with a shared future for mankind. The white paper contains approximately 12,000 words, and comprises the preamble, the main content, and the conclusion.

新中国成立后，中国始终把解决人民吃饭问题作为治国安邦的首要任务。白皮书通过大量数据和事实阐明，新中国成立70年来，在中国共产党的领导下，经过艰苦奋斗和不懈努力，中国在农业基础十分薄弱、人民生活极端贫困的基础上，依靠自己的力量实现了粮食基本自给，不仅成功解决了近14亿人口的吃饭问题，而且居民生活质量和营养水平显著提升，粮食安全取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, China has always prioritized food security in state governance. The white paper uses various data and facts to prove that over the past 70 years, despite a weak agricultural foundation and extreme poverty, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has led an unremitting campaign of hard work, making China basically self-sufficient in its food supply. The country now has enough food to feed its nearly 1.4 billion population, and has remarkably improved the people's nutrition and quality of life. China's food security is a success of worldwide significance.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把粮食安全作为治国理政的头等大事，提出了“确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”的新粮食安全观。白皮书指出，中国立足本国国情、粮情，贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，落实高质量发展要求，实施新时期国家粮食安全战略，走出了一条中国特色粮食安全之路。

Since the CPC's 18th National Congress in 2012, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has treated food security as a top state issue. The central leadership has introduced a food security policy of "ensuring basic self-sufficiency of grain and absolute security of staple foods." The white paper points out that based on its own national conditions and food availability, China has embarked on a road to establishing food security in its own way by implementing the concepts of being innovative, coordinated, green, open, and inclusive development, the requirements of high-quality development, and a national food security strategy for a new era.

粮食安全是世界和平与发展的重要保障，是构建人类命运共同体的重要基础，关系人类永续发展和前途命运。白皮书指出，作为世界上最大的发展中国家和负责任大国，中国始终是维护世界粮食安全的积极力量。中国积极践行自由贸易理念，认真履行加入世界贸易组织承诺，主动分享中国的粮食市场资源，推动世界粮食贸易发展。不断深化粮农领域国际合作，积极参与世界粮食安全治理，为促进世界粮食事业健康发展、维护世界粮食安全作出了重要贡献。

Food security is an essential guarantee for world peace and development, an important foundation for a global community of shared future, and an influential factor for the development and future of humanity. The white paper points out that as the world's largest developing country, and a major country that shoulders its responsibilities, China has always been a positive force in safeguarding world food security. China has been an active promoter of free trade. It has worked hard to fulfill its commitments to the World Trade Organization (WTO), and shares China's food market resources to facilitate world food trade. By expanding international cooperation in food and agriculture actively, participating in global food security governance, China has made an important contribution to the healthy development of the world food industry and food security.

白皮书最后强调，展望未来，中国将继续遵循开放包容、平等互利、合作共赢的原则，努力构建粮食对外开放新格局，与世界各国一道，加强合作，共同发展，为维护世界粮食安全作出不懈努力，为推动构建人类命运共同体作出新的贡献。

In the last part, the white paper stresses that in the future, under the principle of openness, inclusiveness, equality, mutual benefit, and win-win cooperation, China will be embracing a new situation of opening up with regard to food issues. In pursuit of common development, China is enhancing cooperation with all other countries to safeguard global food security as a contribution to building a global community of shared future.

《中国的粮食安全》白皮书以中、英、法、俄、德、西、阿、日等8个语种发表，由人民出版社、外文出版社分别出版，在全国新华书店发行。

The white paper has been published in Chinese, English, French, Russian, German, Spanish, Arabic and Japanese by the People's Publishing House and Foreign Language Press. It will be distributed across the country by Xinhua Bookstore.

我就先介绍这些情况。下面，请国家发展改革委党组成员、国家粮食和物资储备局局长张务锋先生作介绍。

That's all for the general introduction. Next, I will give the floor to Zhang Wufeng, a member of the Party Leadership Group of the National Development and Reform Commission and head of the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

女士们、先生们、朋友们：下午好！很高兴在这里与大家见面，介绍和解读《中国的粮食安全》白皮书。首先，真诚感谢媒体朋友们对中国粮食安全事业的关心支持！

Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends, good afternoon. It's my pleasure to introduce and explain the white paper "Food Security in China" to you. First of all, I'd like to express my sincere thanks to our media friends for your interest and support for China's food security endeavor. 

在新中国成立70周年之际，通过白皮书全面介绍中国粮食安全现状，系统宣示我国粮食安全政府立场和政策主张，增进国内外对中国粮食安全的了解，具有重要的现实意义。为此，国家发展改革委、国家粮食和物资储备局会同12个部门单位在起草过程中，重点把握了五个方面：

On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), it has important practical significance to introduce the status quo of China's food security through the white paper; comprehensively elaborate on China's stance and policy on this issue; and then work to increase the domestic and the international community's understanding in this field. With this in mind, the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, and 12 other government bodies have been focusing on the following five aspects in the drafting process.

第一，突出强调了国家粮食安全是头等大事的战略定位，体现了以人民为中心的发展思想。我们党和政府历来把解决人民吃饭问题作为治国安邦的首要任务。早在新中国成立之初，毛泽东同志就曾指出，手里有粮，心里不慌。70年来，我国发生了翻天覆地的历史巨变，但粮食安全的极端重要性没有改变。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记多次强调：“确保国家粮食安全，把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中”“要扛稳粮食安全这个重任”。白皮书将习近平总书记关于粮食安全的重要论述精神融入其中，作为贯穿指导全篇的鲜明主线。

First, the white paper highlights the strategic nature of food security as a top state issue, and reflects the vision of people-centered development. The CPC and the Chinese government have always prioritized food security in state governance. In the early days of the PRC, Comrade Mao Zedong once said that "food in the hand is a relief in the heart". Although great changes have taken place in China in the recent 70 years since its founding in 1949, the utmost importance of food security remains the same. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed on multiple occasions that "we must ensure China's food security so that we will always have control over our own food supply;" and "we must shoulder the responsibility to ensure China's food security." Xi's important speeches above have been taken as the guidelines for this white paper.

第二，集中展现了保障国家粮食安全的伟大成就，彰显在中国共产党领导下依靠自身力量端好自己饭碗的战略自信。1996年，《中国的粮食问题》白皮书正面回应了“谁来养活中国”的疑问。20多年来，中国用生动有力的实践，兑现了向世人的承诺。白皮书给出了一系列有说服力的数据，比如有两个重要指标双双超过6.5亿吨：一是，粮食总产量2015年以来稳定在6.5亿吨以上；二是，2018年全国共有标准粮食仓房仓容6.7亿吨。我国实现了从温饱不足到全面小康的历史性跨越，这是一个了不起的成就，对世界也是一个巨大贡献。同时，中国政府始终没有忘记贫困群众,占全球近1/5的人口实现“两不愁、三保障”,其中第一个不愁就是“不愁吃”，这在世界脱贫史上也是一个壮举！

Second, the white paper listed the remarkable achievements China has made to ensure its food security, and demonstrates China's confidence in securing its own food supply in a self-reliant way under the leadership of the CPC. Back in 1996, the white paper "The Grain Issue in China" responded positively to the question of "who can feed the Chinese." Over the last 20 odd years, China has successfully delivered on its promises to the rest of the world with our tangible achievements. There are a series of convincing statistics regarding this in the white paper. For example, two leading indicators have surpassed 650 million metric tons. The total food output of China has surpassed 650 million tons for four consecutive years from 2015; and in 2018 the storage capacity of qualified grain warehouses reached 670 million tons. China has achieved a leapfrog of historic proportions - from a society that could not guarantee adequate food and clothing for its people to becoming a moderately prosperous one in all respects. This is not only impressive in itself, but also contributes to the world's development. In the meantime, the Chinese government has never once forgot the poor. Almost one fifth of the world's population has been provided with adequate food and clothing, as well as access to compulsory education, basic medical services and housing. This is a remarkable feat in the world's history of poverty alleviation. 

第三，系统阐述了中国特色粮食安全之路，向国际社会贡献了保障粮食安全的中国方案。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央确立了国家粮食安全战略，引领推动了粮食安全理论创新、制度创新和实践创新。稳步提升粮食生产能力，保护和调动种粮积极性，创新完善粮食市场体系，健全完善国家宏观调控，大力发展粮食产业经济，全面建立粮食科技创新体系，着力强化依法管理合规经营，走出了一条中国特色粮食安全之路，为世界贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。

Third, the white paper systematically elaborates on the development of food security with Chinese characteristics, and provides the Chinese approach to the rest of the world in ensuring food security. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has established the national strategy of food security, promoting innovation in the theory, institution, and practice of ensuring food security. China has embarked on the road to establishing food security in its own way by steadily increasing grain production capacity; cultivating and increasing farmers' interest in the planting of grain; innovating and improving the food market system. It has also improved macroeconomic regulation; developed the grain industry economy; established a comprehensive food science and technology innovation system; and strengthened management and operations in accordance with the law. This shows a unique form of Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach in this field.

第四，介绍了国际粮食合作的丰硕成果，表明积极维护世界粮食安全的大国担当。中国政府积极践行自由贸易理念，履行加入世界贸易组织承诺，着力促进世界粮食安全。一方面，扩大对外开放。取消相关农产品进口配额和许可证等非关税措施，进一步放宽农业领域外商投资准入限制，外资企业进入中国粮食市场的广度、深度不断拓展。另一方面，加强国际合作。秉持真实亲诚理念和正确义利观，在共建“一带一路”、中非合作论坛、南南合作等多双边合作机制的框架下，积极参与世界粮食安全治理，提供力所能及的国际紧急粮食援助。

Fourth, the white paper introduces China's successful results of international cooperation on food security, and shows that China has lived up to its responsibility as a major country to ensure global food security. China is an active promoter of free trade. It has worked hard to fulfill its commitments to the WTO, and has spared no effort to promote food security across the world. For one, China sees a further opening up in more sectors. China has rescinded import quotas, permits and other non-tariff measures for relevant agri-products, and has further eased restrictions on foreign investment in agriculture. Foreign-funded enterprises are becoming more involved both in the depth and width of China's food market. In addition, international cooperation has been strengthened. Under the principle of sincerity, amity, righteous idea of moral and profit, China has been actively participating in the governance of global food security, providing emergency food assistance within in its means within the framework of bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms such as the BRI, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, and South-South cooperation.

第五，展望了未来粮食安全政策举措，为各方提供持续稳定的粮食安全发展预期。安不忘危、居安思危，是中国传统文化推崇的古训，也是习近平总书记反复强调的重要理念。当前，中国粮食安全形势持续向好，但从中长期看，粮食供求仍将处于紧平衡态势。保障国家粮食安全是一个永恒课题，任何时候这根弦都不能松。我们将在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，深入实施国家粮食安全战略和乡村振兴战略，切实加强粮食生产能力、储备能力、流通能力建设，把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。同时，继续与世界各国携手应对全球饥饿问题，共同推进全球粮食事业健康发展。

Fifth, the white paper shares China's prospects and policies for food security in the future, and provides consistent and stable expectations for the development of food security. "In times of peace one must be alert to danger," this is a widely-accepted motto in traditional Chinese culture, and has been repeatedly stressed by General Secretary Xi Jinping. Currently, the food security situation in China is generally positive, but in the medium and long term, food supply and demand will experience a tight balance. Ensuring national food security is an ongoing issue. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, we will implement national strategies of food security and rural revitalization. We will increase food productivity, boost grain reserves, and improve grain circulation, so as to control our own food supply. In the meantime, China will join the global fight against hunger, and promote the sound development of the global food industry.

以上是我的基本介绍，谢谢大家。下面，我和我的同事愿意回答各位记者朋友的提问。

That's all for the general introduction. Thank you. Next, my colleagues and I will answer your questions.

胡凯红:

Hu Kaihong:

下面开始提问，提问之前请先通报所代表的新闻机构。

Now it's time for the Q&A session. Please identify the news organization you represent before asking your question.

中央广播电视总台央视记者:

China Central Television:

我国是人口大国，习近平总书记多次强调保障十几亿人的吃饭问题，始终是治国理政的头等大事，要把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。同时我们也注意到，我国也有一些粮食进口。请问，当前的粮食安全形势如何？老百姓的吃饭问题到底有没有保障？谢谢。

China is a country with a huge population. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized multiple times the importance of food security, saying that "the rice bowls of the Chinese people must be held firmly in our own hands." At the same time, we have noticed that China also imports grain from other countries. My question is how do you assess China's food security situation? Can we ensure that food is no longer truly a problem for the Chinese people? Thank you.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

谢谢你的提问。你讲的问题，也是国人十分关心、世人高度关注的一个问题。早在二十多年前，国际上就有人发出了“谁来养活中国人”的疑问，中国共产党、中国政府和勤劳的中国人民用实际行动作出了最有力回答，那就是“靠我们自己”。

Thanks for your question. Your question is also of wide concern. Over 20 years ago, there were some doubts from foreign countries on whether China could feed its own population. The Communist Party of China (CPC), the Chinese government and the Chinese people have proved that they can solve the food problem on their own.

大家知道，粮食安，天下安。能够吃饱肚子，这是中国老百姓千百年来的梦想与追求。新中国成立以来，中国共产党始终坚持以人民为中心的执政理念，把解决好全国人民的吃饭问题作为最根本、最重要的民生保障。特别是党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央，立足世情国情粮情，确立了“以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑”的粮食安全战略，提出了“谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”的新粮食安全观，采取了一系列富有成效的政策举措，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。我国用占全球9%的耕地、6%的淡水资源，养活了近20%的人口，实现了从饥饿到温饱再到小康的历史性巨变。这既保障了中国自身的粮食安全，也为全球的粮食安全做出了积极贡献。

Ensuring food security is the prerequisite for a peaceful and stable society. For thousands of years, meeting the food demand has been the Chinese people's constant pursuit. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the CPC has been sticking to the principle of "putting the people first", and it views food security as the most important mission. Especially since the 18th CPC National Congress, based on international situation, national conditions and food availability, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has formed a food security strategy featuring self-sufficiency based on domestic grain production, guaranteed food production capacity, moderate imports, and technological support. It also put forward a new grain security outlook that seeks to ensure basic self-sufficiency of grain and absolute security of staple food. Through a series of effective policy measures, the country has made many achievements. China has fed almost 20% of the world's population with just 9% of the world's arable land and 6% of fresh water. It has achieved the historic transformation from hunger to subsistence, and from a poor to a moderately well-off nation. It has not only ensured self-sufficiency in its own food supply but has also contributed much to global food security.

可以说，中国正处在历史上粮食安全形势最好的时期。这个“好”主要表现在三个方面：

We can conclude that China's food security situation is now the best it has had in history. This can be explained from the following three aspects:

第一个方面是，粮食产量高、库存充足。2004年以来，我国粮食生产实现了“十五连丰”，今年粮食产量有望继续第五年超过1.3万亿斤；口粮实现完全自给，谷物自给率一直保持在95%以上。粮食库存充足，保障国家粮食安全的物质基础是坚实的。

First, high grain output and sufficient food reserves. Since 2004, China has achieved bumper grain harvests in 15 consecutive years. This year's grain output is expected to be over 1.3 trillion jin, or 650 billion kilograms, for the fifth year in a row. China ensures absolute security of its staple grains, and supplies over 95% of its own needs for grain. It also has sufficient food reserves, which lays a solid foundation for national food security.

第二个方面是，市场供应稳、粮食价格稳。多年来，我国粮食市场供应保持充裕，不脱销、不断档。既满足了广大人民群众的日常消费需求，也有效保障了应对自然灾害、突发事件的军需民食。与近年国际市场粮价几次“过山车”式的大幅波动相比，我国粮价总体保持平稳，在合理区间内小幅波动，这对促进经济持续健康发展和维护社会和谐稳定发挥了重要作用。

Second, stable market supply and steady grain prices. Over the years, China's grain supply has been sufficient, which has met people's daily consumption needs and guaranteed food security in times of natural disaster and public emergencies. In recent years, despite volatility in the international market, China's grain prices have remained generally stable with slight fluctuations within an acceptable range. This has played an important role in promoting stable and healthy economic development and social stability.

第三个方面是，保障能力强、调控能力强。在粮食产能稳步提升、粮食连获丰收的同时，粮食仓储物流体系、粮食市场体系、粮食储备体系和应急保供体系不断完善，特别是粮食安全省长责任制的建立健全，进一步压实了维护国家粮食安全的责任，形成了中央和地方共同负责、高效协同的良好局面。宏观调控手段更为灵活，政策工具箱更加丰富，推动粮食收储制度改革、实施政府储备吞吐调节、大力发展粮食产业经济、统筹国内国际“两个市场、两种资源”，粮食宏观调控打出了一套精准高效的“组合拳”，有力推动了粮食种植结构优化调整，提高了粮食供求平衡质量，提高了粮食安全保障水平。

Third, full guarantee and strong adjustment measures. With the stable increase in grain production and bumper harvests, China also constantly improves its grain logistics system, the food market system, the grain storage system as well as the emergency supply system. The system of making provincial governors responsible for food security clearly lays out the duties of both the central government and the local governments and helps form synergies among all parties. By adopting more flexible macro adjustment measures and diverse policy tools, China has also promoted the reform in its grain collection and storage system, adjusted government food reserves, facilitated the grain industry economy, and made rational use of both domestic and international markets and resources. Through a series of targeted and effective measures, China has adjusted and upgraded the planting structure, improved the balance between supply and demand, and increased its capacity to ensure food security.

以上我讲的三个方面，说明了我国当前的粮食安全形势是好的，中国的粮食是安全的，老百姓的饭碗是有保障的。当然，我们也有一些进口，主要是大豆，谷物的进口是为了调节品种余缺。大家也知道，中国是人口大国，从中长期看粮食的供求还是紧平衡态势。习近平总书记多次强调，“手中有粮，心中不慌”，解决好吃饭问题始终是治国理政的头等大事，我们将继续坚定不移地走中国特色粮食安全之路，全面实施国家粮食安全战略和乡村振兴战略，坚持“藏粮于地，藏粮于技”，推动从粮食生产大国向粮食产业强国迈进，把饭碗牢牢端在自己手中，而且要更多的装中国粮。谢谢。

The above three aspects indicate that China's food security situation is sound and the people's demand for food can be met. Of course, we have some imports, mainly of soybeans, to adjust the surplus and deficit in the different kinds of grains. As China is a country with a large population, its balance of food supply and demand would be tight in the medium and long term. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out repeatedly, "one would have peace in mind if he or she does not worry about the food issue." Meeting people's food demand will always be a priority in state governance. We will stick to a path of developing food security with Chinese characteristics, fully implement the national food security strategy and rural revitalization strategy, and increase grain output through the stricter protection of arable land and improved technological innovations. We will strive to build our strength in the grain production industry, secure self-sufficiency, and constantly increase domestic production. Thank you.

中国新闻社记者:

China News Service:

近年来我国粮食连年丰收，政府在推进和完善粮食收储制度改革方面也取得了很明显成效，我们在实地采访中也了解到很多农民朋友都关心怎么样通过种粮来多挣钱，请问国家有关部门采取了哪些措施来保护和调动种粮农民的积极性？谢谢。

In recent years, China's grain harvest has been witnessing consecutive bumper years. The government has also scored remarkable achievements in promoting and improving the reform of the grain storage system. In on-the-spot interviews, we have also learned that many farmers are concerned about how to earn more money by growing grain. So, what measures have relevant government departments taken to protect and mobilize the enthusiasm of grain-growing farmers? Thank you.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

谢谢您，您的这个提问，请苏伟副秘书长回答。

Thank you. The question you have raised will be answered by Mr. Su Wei.

苏伟:

Su Wei:

谢谢您刚才提出的问题。种粮多挣钱，这实际上对保障粮食供给、维护粮食安全也很重要，要保障粮食安全首先要保护好农民种粮的积极性，要让农民种粮有收益。国家推进粮食收储制度改革是为了充分发挥市场机制的作用，着力解决粮食品种结构矛盾的问题，也是为了更加有效保护农民利益。国家采取了一系列措施保护和调动农民积极性，主要是降成本、抓收购、增收益。

Thank you for your question. In fact, earning money by increasing grain production is also very important to ensure food supply and maintain food security. To ensure food security, we must first protect the enthusiasm of farmers and enable them to reap profits from grain production. Our purpose of promoting the reform of the grain storage system is to give full play to the role of the market mechanism, tackle structural issues on grain varieties, and protect farmers' interests more effectively. The government has taken a series of measures to protect and mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, mainly by reducing costs, working vigorously in the area of purchasing, and increasing farmers' income.

一是，降成本。通过取消农业税，从根本上减轻了农民负担，每年为农民减轻负担1300多亿元。财政支农总体规模也在不断扩大，到2018年达到1万亿元以上。通过实施高效节水及高标准农田建设工程，加大农田水利基础设施建设投入，不断改善生产条件，增强抵御自然灾害的能力。调整完善粮食价格形成机制和农业支持保护政策，促进适度规模经营，降低农民的种粮成本。

First is to reduce costs. By exempting farmers from the agricultural tax, we have reduced the burden of farmers by more than 130 billion yuan every year, which is a fundamental approach in reducing the burden of farmers. The overall scale of financial support for agriculture has continuously expanded at the same time, exceeding 1 trillion yuan in 2018. By implementing efficient water-saving and high-standard farmland construction projects and increasing investment in farmland water infrastructure construction, we have continuously improved production conditions and enhanced our ability to resist natural disasters. By adjusting and refining the price-setting mechanisms for grain and the policies for supporting and protecting agriculture, we have promoted appropriately-scaled agricultural operations of various forms and reduced the costs of farmers in grain production.

二是，抓收购。国家采取了一系列政策措施，抓好粮食收购，引导企业积极入市，防止出现“卖粮难”。建立专业化的粮食产后服务体系，为种粮农民提供清理、干燥、储存、加工、销售等服务，有条件的地方还开发了手机APP售粮软件，帮助农民实现网上售粮，满足了农村售粮的需要。

Second is to work vigorously in the area of purchasing. The government has adopted a series of policies and measures to handle grain purchases well, guide enterprises to enter the market actively, and prevent any predicament in which "farmers feel difficultly in selling grain." We have established a specialized post-production service system for grain-growing farmers to provide them with such services as grain-cleaning, drying, storage, processing and marketing. In the areas where conditions permit, smartphone app software for grain sales have been developed to help farmers achieve online sales, meeting the needs of grain sales in rural areas.

三是，增收益。主要途径是通过发展产业和优粮优价增收益。大力发展粮食产业经济，促进一二三产业融合发展，让种粮农民共享加工转化增值收益。

Third is to increase farmers' income. The main method in this regard is to develop industries, improve grain quality, and refine the price-setting mechanisms for grain. We are vigorously developing the grain industry economy and promoting the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries so that grain-growing farmers can share the value-added benefits of the processing and conversion of grain.

比如，黑龙江省2018年加工转化原粮723亿斤，实现销售收入1036亿元，这是一个很好的例子。湖南的南县发展“虾稻共生”模式，综合产值达到100亿元。河南省粮油加工企业建立优质原粮基地718万亩，惠及190万农户。贵州实施特种优势粮油订单种植工程，带动种粮农户创造收益93亿元，惠及115万农户。

Here are some examples. In Heilongjiang province, farmers processed 72.3 billion jin (about 36.15 billion kg) of raw grain and realized 103.6 billion yuan in sales revenue in 2018. This is a very good example. In Hunan province, farmers developed a cultivation mode in which "shrimps and rice co-exist" and the total output value reached 10 billion yuan. In Henan province, grain and edible oil-processing enterprises established 718 mu (about 47.8 hectares) of high-quality grain bases, benefiting 1.9 million rural households. In Guizhou province, local governments implemented cultivation projects for the orders of grain and edible oils with competitive advantages, bringing about 9.3 billion yuan of profits for farmers and benefiting 1.15 million rural households.

深入实施优质粮食工程，推进“产购储加销”五优联动，引导农民调整种植结构，扩大优质品种种植。目前优质小麦、稻谷价格比普通品种每斤高出0.1-0.2元，实现了“好粮卖好价、丰产又增收”。谢谢。

We have also carried out in-depth high-quality grain projects, promoted the connection between grain production, purchase, storage, processing and marketing, and guided farmers to adjust the grain growing structure and expand the cultivation of high-quality varieties of grain. Presently, the price of high-quality wheat and rice is 0.1-0.2 yuan per 0.5 kg higher than that of common varieties. This has helped realize the goal that "quality grain gets a good price, and high yield increases farmers' income." Thank you.

日本经济新闻记者:

Nikkei:

为了提高大豆的自给率，中国政府从去年开始出台一系列政策，到目前为止这些政策的效果如何？谢谢。

Since last year, China's government has introduced a series of policies to increase its self-sufficiency rate of soybean. How have they been working out so far? Thank you.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

你提的问题请苏秘书长回答。　

Mr. Su will answer your question.

苏伟:

Su Wei:

谢谢您刚才的提问。大家都知道，中国是大豆的原产地国，有大豆生产的优势。近年来，作为农业供给侧结构性改革的一项重要举措，国家有关部门也制定了《大豆振兴计划的实施方案》促进大豆生产的恢复发展，有一个明确目标，到2020年力争大豆种植面积达到1.4亿亩，平均亩产达到135公斤，食用大豆蛋白质含量、榨油大豆的脂肪含量分别提高1个百分点，大豆化肥、农药使用量保持负增长。国家有关部门正在按照方案确定的目标和措施积极推进落实，成效会逐步地显现出来。谢谢。

Thank you for your question. As we all know, China is the country of origin for soybeans, and has advantages in soybean production. In recent years, as an important measure for the agricultural supply-side structural reform, relevant departments have formulated the Implementation Plan for the Rejuvenation of Soybean Production to promote the recovery and development of soybean production. There are clear goals to achieve the following: An overall soybean planting area of 140 million mu (9.3 million ha) by 2020 and an average yield per mu of 135 kilograms. We aim to also increase both the protein content of edible soybean and fat content of soybean for oil by 1 percentage point and to maintain negative growth in the usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Relevant national departments are actively implementing the objectives and measures in accordance with the plan, which will show results gradually. Thanks.    

中央广播电视总台央广记者:

CNR: 

俗话说“仓廪实、天下安”，我们知道粮食储备制度是保障国家粮食安全的一项重要制度，多年以来国家一直在这方面加强管理。但是社会上也有一种担心，我们的粮食储备到底实不实、数量够不够？请问我国粮食储备到底能不能保障市场供应呢？谢谢。

We know that the grain reserve system is an important system to guarantee national food security. For many years, China has been strengthening its management in this area, but some concerns still linger on in society. Can China's grain reserves still guarantee market supply? Do we have enough grain to ensure that? Thanks.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

谢谢您的提问，请黄炜副局长来回答。

Thank you. Mr. Huang will answer your questions.

黄炜:

Huang Wei:

谢谢这位记者朋友的提问。在这里，我首先跟大家通报一个情况。继2001年、2009年之后，今年国务院组织开展了第三次全国性粮食库存大清查，按照“有仓必到、有粮必查、查必彻底”原则，重点检查政策性粮食库存数量和质量，一共查了1.7万个库点、19万个货位，目前这项工作已经基本结束。从检查结果初步统计情况来看，我国的粮食库存情况总体上是好的，基本符合数量真实、质量良好、储存安全的要求。

Thanks for your questions. I'd like to share the latest data with you. This year, the State Council carried out the third inspection on our national grain reserves. The first two inspections were in 2001 and 2009. We focused on the quantity and quality of our grain reserves. A total of 17,000 warehouse storage points and 190,000 cargo spaces were inspected. According to this inspection, the grain reserves in China can meet the standards required for national food security.

“仓廪实、天下安”，这句话确实说出了粮食储备的重要性。手中有粮，心中不慌，粮食储备是保障国家粮食安全的重要物质基础，对于我们这样一个拥有14亿人口的大国来说，这一点尤其重要，所以中国政府对于粮食储备工作高度重视。经过多年来的不懈努力，采取了很多措施，逐步建立起了管理规范、运转高效、保障有力的政府储备体系。特别是今年5月份，习近平总书记主持召开了中央深改委第八次会议，审议通过了专门的粮食储备改革意见，就储备体系、规模布局、运行机制和监督管理等方面提出了一系列重大改革举措，为进一步强化储备管理指明了方向，提供了遵循。

We all know that the grain reserve system is important to guarantee national food security. For China, a country with a population of 1.4 billion, this is particularly important. That's why the Chinese government has paid much attention to it. Through many years of work, we have taken a series of measures to efficiently manage the reserve system. This May, General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over the eighth meeting of the CPC Central Committee for deepening China's overall reform. Opinions on the reform of the grain reserve system were passed during the meeting, which highlighted the direction and provided follow-up for the further strengthening of the management of our reserves.

至于记者朋友关心的粮食储备够不够、实不实、能不能保障市场供应的问题，我在这里再介绍一点情况。改革开放以来，随着我国粮食产量的不断提高，粮食储备也相应得到充实。在继续稳定中央储备规模的同时，从2015年开始，按照“产区3个月，销区6个月，产销平衡区4.5个月”的市场供应需求，增加了地方粮食储备规模，这项举措到目前为止也已经落实到位。从中央和地方政府储备的结构来看，小麦和稻谷等口粮品种比例超过70%。总结起来讲，我国粮食储备实现了应有的功能，完全能够满足市场供应和应急需要。谢谢。

As for your questions about whether the reserves can meet the market needs, I can share some facts with you. Since the reform and opening up, China's grain reserves have increased along with its grain output. We continue to guarantee grain reserves at the central level. Since 2015, we have also increased grain reserves at the regional level. For example, the areas where more grain is produced than sold are required to guarantee the market supply for three months; the areas where more grain is sold than produced should guarantee the market supply for six months; and for those areas where the grain produced equals the amount sold, they should guarantee the market supply for four and a half months. As for the current status of China's grain reserve structure, wheat and rice take up for 70% of the total grain. In general, China's grain reserves can completely meet the market needs and deal with any potential emergencies.

美国国际市场新闻社记者:

Market News International:

刚才张局长说到中国大豆需要进口，美国多年来也一直是中国最大的大豆和其他农产品供应来源地。去年以来，中方把大豆作为贸易谈判的一个筹码，这么做是否会影响中国饲料原料的有效供给？包括大豆，尤其是预计明年生猪生产会大幅度恢复，如果双方贸易摩擦进一步升级，我们有没有把握有足够的大豆和其他饲料原料的供应？谢谢。　

Mr. Zhang just mentioned that China needs to import soybeans. The U.S. has always been a chief source of supply for soybeans and other agricultural products to China. Since last year, China has used soybeans as a bargain chip during the China-U.S. trade talks. So will that impact the supply of feed for livestock? It is expected that China's pork production will greatly increase next year. If the trade friction continues to escalate, do we have the confidence to guarantee the supply of soybeans and other types of feed for livestock? Thanks.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

谢谢你的提问。你这个问题请苏伟副秘书长回答。

Thanks for your questions. Mr. Su will answer that.

苏伟:

Su Wei:

谢谢您刚才提出的问题，也谢谢您对中国粮食供给问题的关注。刚才张局长也已经说了，中国的粮食供应是有保障的，说这话还是有底气的。主要有几个原因：一是中国粮食生产能力还是比较强的，今年夏粮已经获得了丰收，秋粮生产形势也非常好，今年的粮食产量依然有望超过1.3万亿斤。二是中国的粮食库存数量很充足，质量良好，储存安全，一旦有需要，随时可以动用。刚才张局长也提到了，我们也要进口一些农产品，您关注的主要是大豆的问题。进口一些谷物，主要是为了调节品种的余缺。至于大豆，刚才我在回答另外一位记者提问时也提到了，国家有关部门也正在实施大豆振兴计划，促进大豆生产恢复发展。因此就粮食供给而言，无论是口粮也好，还是饲料粮也好，应该说市场供应都是有保障的。谢谢。

Thanks for your questions and your attention to China's grain supply. As Mr. Zhang mentioned, China is confident that our reserves can guarantee the grain supply. There are several reasons. First, China has strong grain production capacity, and its total grain production is expected to surpass 650 million metric tons this year. Second, China has sufficient grain reserves to meet any potential emergencies. As Mr. Zhang mentioned, China needs to import some agricultural products, mostly for the adjustment of different varieties. In addition, China is also considering plans to rejuvenate soybean farming. In general, we are confident that we can guarantee the grain supply. Thanks.

经济日报记者:

The Economic Daily:

这次发布的白皮书与1996年粮食安全白皮书相比有一个新的提法，进入新时代，实现粮食由增产导向向提质导向转变，大力发展粮食产业经济。请问，中国在加快推进粮食高质量发展、建设粮食产业强国方面有哪些措施？谢谢。　

Different from the Write Paper on Food Security issued in 1996, the latest edition mentioned that "China will advance from a large grain producer to a food industry power". Would you please tell us by what this means, namely that China can accelerate quality production while developing the grain industry economy? Thank you.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

谢谢你的提问，我来回答这个问题。大家知道，产业强、粮食安。随着粮食综合生产能力稳步提升，消费者对粮油消费已经由“吃得饱”向“吃得好”转变，迫切需要大力发展粮食产业经济。近年来，全国各级各有关部门认真落实党中央、国务院决策部署，探索创造了许多好的经验和做法。这两年中国的粮食产业经济发展是比较快的，各地好的做法，我概括起来用“一二三四五”给你回答一下。

Thank you for your question. I would like to take this opportunity to answer it. As is generally known, a strong industrial capacity safeguards food security. Nowadays, since food productivity has achieved stable growth, Chinese consumers are shifting their attention from food quantity to quality, and this has resulted in an urgent demand for developing the grain industry economy. During the past few years, authorities at all levels, following the decisions made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, have explored many practices and gained precious experiences. In the past two years in peculiar, the grain industry economy in China has been growing rapidly. I'll show you five points as follows to demonstrate some good examples in different areas.

聚焦“一个目标”。以“坚持‘粮头食尾’和‘农头工尾’，实现高质量发展、建设粮食产业强国”为目标。我们加快构建现代化粮食产业体系，全国纳入粮食产业统计的企业达到2.3万户，2018年工业总产值突破3万亿元，产值超千亿省份达到11个；其中，最多的是山东省，突破4000亿元，江苏省、安徽省、广东省、湖北省、河南省这五个省都超过了2000亿元。各地创建了一批具有较高知名度和美誉度的粮食品牌，涌现出了大批骨干企业，成为粮食产业高质量发展的排头兵。

We focus on "one target" –to facilitate the high-quality development of its grain industries and advance to a food industry power by upholding the principle of "grain planting to the forefront and produce to follow" and "agriculture to the forefront and industry to follow." We are accelerating progress in building a modern food industry system, with a nationwide registration system covering 23,000 enterprises. In 2018, the output value of China's agricultural sector hit 3 trillion yuan, with 11 provinces each achieving 100 billion yuan. Shandong took a lead by generating an output value of 400 billion yuan. It was followed by Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, Hubei and Henan, each exceeding 200 billion yuan. Many enterprises across the country with widely-known brand images and high credibility have formed the backbone industry of the agricultural sector and spearheaded quality production.

服务“两大战略”。就是服务国家粮食安全战略和乡村振兴战略，推动粮食精深加工转化，带动一二三产业有机融合，推动实现更高质量的粮食供求平衡。

We support "two major strategies" – namely, national food security and rural vitalization. We'll promote refined food processing industry, encourage the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors and achieve equilibrium between supply and demand of high-quality food products.

坚持“三链协同”。第一，延伸粮食产业链，增强产业完整性；第二，提升粮食价值链，提高附加值；第三，打造粮食供应链，构建高效便捷的粮油供应网络。

We stick to the synchronized development among "three chains": first, an intact industrial chain of food manufacturing in broader extent; second, an increase of high added value in the food price chains; and third, the chain of grain and edible oil supply with higher efficiency. 

建设“四大载体”。就是深入实施优质粮食工程，支持一批示范市县，建设一批示范园区，扶持发展一大批具有核心竞争力、行业带动力强的骨干企业和成长性好、“专精特新”的中小企业。这四大载体是：优质粮食工程、示范市县、示范园区、骨干企业。从2017年开始，财政部、国家粮食和物资储备局联合在全国启动了优质粮食工程，截至到目前中央财政投入资金200亿元，带动地方和社会投资450多亿元，用于建设粮食产后服务体系，健全粮食质量检验检测机构，实施“中国好粮油”行动。

We have built four platforms. We will make greater efforts in launching programs for quality food. In doing so, we will buttress a number of model counties and county-level cities, build several model zones and help develop a certain amount of small-and-medium enterprises with core competences, strong driving force, outstanding professionalism and targeted market products. The four platforms, therefore, stand for quality food projects, model counties and county-level cities, model zones and competitive enterprises. Since 2017, the Ministry of Finance and the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration has joined hands to launch a quality food project financed with 20 billion yuan from the central government and more than 45 billion yuan from local governments and various social organizations. The investments are spent on building an after-service system of food production, improving services from the institutes focusing on evaluation of food quality, and implementing the Healthy Grain and Edible Oil Action Plan.

实施“五优联动”。在发展粮食产业经济建设、粮食产业强国的过程中，我们把“优”字贯穿到“产购储加销”五个环节，着力提高粮食产业发展质量和效益，实现优粮优产、优粮优购、优粮优储、优粮优加、优粮优销。坚持由增产导向向提质导向转变，促进种植结构优化、适度规模经营；做到好粮食卖出好价钱；推广绿色生态储粮技术，建好用好智能粮库；优化粮食加工产能结构和布局，鼓励支持粮食循环经济发展；强化产销合作，畅通好粮油到消费者的“最后一公里”。总的来看，要实现“产购储加销”的协同贯通，做好“五优联动”非常重要，效果也非常好。

We are adhering to concerted efforts with the hope that our food can excel in five aspects: namely production, purchase, inventory, processing and sales, by improving the quality and efficiency of food productivities. We are pursuing efforts to build up the food industry and establish a country with a competitive agricultural sector. While changing from quantity-to-quality driven production, agriculture in China should undertake structural adjustment and conduct appropriate business operations. We will boost the production of high-quality grain, purchase it at higher prices, and prioritize its storage, processing and sales. We will improve the structure and distribution of grain processing capacity, encourage the recyclable food economy, strengthen cooperation between food production and sales and improve the "last mile" logistic service to deliver the food and oil products to consumers. By and large, the concerted efforts among production, purchase, inventory, processing and sales are critical to lead our agriculture to excel in the abovementioned aspects with good effects.

大家知道，粮食产业一头连着生产，一头连着消费，基础性强、涉及面广。今后，中国将坚持政府引导、市场主导，资源节约、绿色循环，问题导向、底线思维，加快推动粮食产业创新发展、转型升级、提质增效，持续提高粮食产业综合素质、市场竞争力和社会效益，全面夯实保障国家粮食安全的产业基础。谢谢。

We all know that the food industry link production and consumption. It is fundamental and extensively used. Therefore, the country will follow the guiding principles of government, indicators of the market, the appropriate use of natural resources, a green recycling approach, solution-oriented management and a bottom line alarm approach to accelerate innovation with structural upgrading and adjustment and improvements in quality and efficiency. We will continue to increase our comprehensive capabilities of food production and enhance market competitiveness and social efficiency to safeguard the industrial basis of national food security in all aspects. Thank you.

中国日报记者:

China Daily:

我们都知道，中国是世界上人口最多的国家，现在已经成功解决了14亿人的吃饭问题。同时，中国作为世界上第二大经济体和一个负责任的大国，请问中国在扩大粮食市场开放和加强对外合作方面采取了哪些措施？这些措施对世界的粮食安全产生了什么样的影响？谢谢。

We all know that China is the most populous country in the world and has successfully solved the problem of how to feed 1.4 billion people. At the same time, as the world's second largest economy and a responsible power, what measures has China taken to expand the grain market opening and strengthen foreign cooperation? What impact have these measures had on the food security in the world? Thank you.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

感谢你提这个问题，请苏伟副秘书长回答。　

Thank you for raising this question, Mr. Su Wei please answer this one.

苏伟:

Su Wei:

谢谢你的提问。我想大家已经注意到了，《中国的粮食安全》白皮书专门有一部分讲对外开放与国际合作，刚才胡局长在开场的时候也作了简要介绍，也提到了中国积极践行自由贸易理念，推动世界粮食贸易发展，深化粮农领域的国际合作，在维护世界粮食安全方面，也做了非常重要的贡献。我要讲的主要是三点：

Thank you for your question. I think you all will have seen that the white paper "Food Security in China" has a part dedicated to opening up and international cooperation. Mr. Hu gave a brief introduction at the beginning of this press conference. He mentioned that China actively practices the concept of free trade, promotes the development of the grain trade in the world, deepens international cooperation in the field of food and agriculture, and makes very important contributions to maintaining world food security. The main things I want to talk about are three points below:

第一，扩大对外开放。进一步放宽农业领域外商投资的准入限制，取消稻谷、小麦、玉米收购、批发的外商投资准入限制。外资企业进入中国粮食市场的广度、深度在不断拓展，成为促进中国粮食产业发展的重要力量。中国与世界分享粮食市场资源，2018年进口了2000多万吨谷物和8000多万吨大豆，促进世界粮食贸易繁荣发展。

First, China is continuing to open up. The Chinese government is further relaxing the restrictions for foreign investment in the agricultural sector, and eliminating the restrictions on foreign investment regarding the purchase and wholesale of rice, wheat and corn. The breadth and depth of how foreign-funded enterprises enter China's grain market is constantly expanding, which has become an important force for promoting the development of China's grain industry. China shares its food market resources with the world. In 2018, it imported more than 20 million tons of cereal grain and more than 80 million tons of soybeans to boost the prosperity of world food trade.

第二，深化国际合作。积极响应和参与国际组织的倡议和活动，如每年举办世界粮食日、粮食安全宣传等活动。秉持共商共建共享原则，在有需要的国家和地区开展农业投资，推广粮食生产、加工、仓储、物流、贸易等技术和经验。2013年以来，积极推进共建“一带一路”，与参与国建立了经贸合作关系，积极开展粮食领域的合作。

Second, China is deepening international cooperation. We are actively responding to and participating in initiatives and activities of international organizations, such as the annual World Food Day and food security publicity. We adhere to the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits. We also carry out agricultural investments in countries and regions in need, and promote technologies and share experience in food production, processing, warehousing, logistics and trade. Since 2013, we have actively promoted and jointly built the Belt and Road Initiative, established economic and trade cooperation with participating countries, and actively carried out cooperation in the world food trade.　

第三，积极参与世界粮食安全治理。积极探索国际粮食合作新模式，开展全方位、高水平粮食对外合作，维护WTO规则，促进形成更加安全、稳定、合理的国际粮食安全新局面，更好地维护世界粮食安全。此外，中国还应有关国家的要求，无偿提供了力所能及的粮食援助。

Third, we are actively participating in the governance of world food security. We are exploring new modes of international food cooperation; carrying out all-round, high-level foreign cooperation in food; maintaining WTO rules; promoting a new system of safe, stable and responsible international food trading; and better safeguarding world food security. In addition, China has provided food aid, within its capacity, free of charge at the request of certain countries.　

中国将继续扩大对外开放，不断深化粮农领域的国际合作，愿与各国分享农业和粮食方面的技术、经验和成果，积极参与世界粮食安全治理，维护世贸规则，促进世界粮食安全。非常希望能够早一天看到饥饿和贫困从地球上被消灭掉。谢谢。

China will continue to open up to the outside world, continuously deepen international cooperation in the field of food and agriculture, and share its technologies, experiences and achievements in agriculture and food with other countries. We will also continue to actively participate in world food security governance, maintain WTO rules, and promote world food security. We very much hope that one day we will see hunger and poverty eliminated from the earth. Thank you.

凤凰卫视记者:

Phoenix TV:

粮食的质量关系到消费者的食品安全，近年来社会各方面对粮食的质量安全也非常关注。请问，政府采取了哪些措施来保障公众“舌尖上的安全”？谢谢。

The quality of food is related to the food safety for consumers. In recent years, all sectors of society have paid close attention to the quality and safety of food. What measures has the government taken to bolster these efforts and secure the public's "safety on the tongue?" Thank you.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

您提得很好，这个问题请黄炜副局长回答。

Your question is very good; Mr. Huang Wei please answer the question.

黄炜:

Huang Wei:

粮食质量问题老百姓都很关心。总结我们在工作当中的体会，解决这个问题关键有“两手”：一手是从生产端开始抓好源头治理；另外一手是从产销端入手抓好全程监管。粮食有很强的特殊性，它既可以直接食用，又是其他食品的基础原料。所以，质量不合格的粮食吃了会影响身体健康，作为原料加工食品也会影响食品安全，所以它的重要性是非常大的。

People are very concerned about grain quality. Let me summarize our experiences. I think the key to solving this problem comes in two parts: On one hand, we focus on the production to make sure food is safe from the source; on the other hand, we must focus on the sales section so we can supervise the whole process. Grain has a strong specialty. It can be eaten directly and is the basic raw material for other foods. Therefore, eating unqualified grain will affect the health of the human body. Processing unqualified grain as raw materials will also affect food safety. So, it is very important.

影响到粮食质量的因素比较多，既有土壤、水源，甚至气候环境这些客观的生产条件方面的因素，也有种子、化肥、农药这些人为的投入品的因素。包括粮食产出来以后，在它的储存、加工、运输过程中，也可能产生质量问题。所以这位记者提出“舌尖上的安全”问题，要解决好，它是涉及多个主体、多个环节、多个领域的系统工程，关键是注重我刚才讲的源头治理和后续的全程监管，真正做到从田间到餐桌全流程管好、管住，确保群众吃得安全、吃得健康、吃得放心。

There are many factors affecting the quality of food, including objective factors of production conditions such as soil, water source and even the surrounding climate and environment, as well as the artificial input factors such as seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. After grain is produced, quality problems may also occur during its storage, processing and transportation. Therefore, as this reporter raised the issue of "safety on the tongue", I would say that the issue is a systematic project involving multiple subjects, multiple links, and multiple fields. The key is to focus on the governance at source and make sure the whole process is supervised. We should really do a good job in supervising and managing the whole process from the farming fields to the dining table, in order to ensure that the people eat safely, healthily and eat with confidence.

一是，控制源头。抓好生产端，减少化肥和农药用量，多用有机肥，加强农业的面源污染治理和污染土壤的修复治理，确保粮食能在良好的土壤和水源条件中生产出来，从源头上提供高质量、高品质的粮食。经过努力，我们国家现在实现了化肥和农药使用量的负增长。

First, we must control the source. We will continue to supervise the production process; reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; use organic fertilizers; strengthen agricultural pollution control and the remediation of contaminated soils; ensure that food can be produced in good soil and water conditions; and make sure grain is of high quality from the very source. Through our hard work, so far, China has now reduced the use of fertilizers and pesticides.

二是，管好存粮。种粮不容易，储粮也很难。我国是粮食仓储大国，很多粮食在储备的状态。粮食是能呼吸、会发热、有生命的有机体，如果保管不善，就会发生霉变、虫害，本身也会发生品质下降。为了保证质量安全，我们除了大力改善仓储设施条件，还推广应用智能通风、环流熏蒸、低温储存、氮气储粮等先进的、绿色的技术和工艺来确保储存粮食品质良好。

The second is to manage the stock well. It is not easy to grow grain, and it is also difficult to store grain. China is a big grain storage country, and a large quantity of grain is in a state of reserve. Grain is an organism that can breathe, heat, and have life. If it is not properly stored, it will have mold and insect damage, and its quality will decline. In order to ensure quality and safety, and in addition to vigorously improving the conditions of storage facilities, we also promote and use advanced, green technologies and crafts such as intelligent ventilation, circulation fumigation, low temperature storage, and nitrogen storage to ensure good food quality.　

三是，全程监管。一方面，在生产和库存环节要把好监测预警关。粮食长在田里的时候我们就要关注它的质量问题，增加监测的样本量、覆盖面和针对性，及时掌握粮食质量情况，发现存在的问题。从我们粮食系统的统计来看，监测样本数量不断增加，去年全年统计达到52万，近五年来的数据汇总统计，比原来增加了31.4%，所以在这方面我们还是下了很大功夫来做好监测和预警工作，及时掌握粮食质量状况。另一方面，在流通环节我们要把好粮食检验关。对于进出仓库、进出工厂等环节的每一批粮食、每一个粮食经营主体，严格执行粮食质量检验制度，严防质量不合格粮食流入口粮市场。一旦发现质量不合格的粮食，国家有一整套专门规定进行处理，不能随意处置。在这个过程当中，如果发现有些单位和个人工作没有做好，负有责任的话，我们坚决依规依法追究责任，发现一起查处一起，绝不姑息。

The third is full process supervision. On the one hand, monitoring and early warning should be strictly implemented on the production and inventory links. When grain is growing in the fields, we must pay attention to its quality problems; increase the sample amount, coverage and pertinence for monitoring; timely learn the change of the quality of food; and discover problems. According to the statistics of our food system, the number of monitoring samples has been increasing. The total number of monitoring samples reached 520,000 last year. The statistics of the recent five years showed that the number increased by 31.4% compared with the past, so we have put a lot of effort into this aspect and do a good job in monitoring and early warning, and keep well-informed regarding the quality of food. 

On the other hand, we must do a good job in food inspection in circulation. For each batch of grain and every business entity, we strictly implement the grain quality inspection system to strictly prevent unqualified grain from flowing into the grain market. Once unqualified grain is found, the state has a set of special regulations for disposal and it cannot be disposed of at will. In the process, if some entities and individuals are found to be not doing a good job, we will resolutely hold them accountable according to the laws and regulations. We will punish anyone if we find any violations. This will not be tolerated.

最后，我想强调一点，粮食质量这件事，事比天大，责任重于泰山。解决好群众的关切和期盼，我们在工作中的体会，最为根本的还是要贯彻落实好习近平总书记提出的“四个最严”的要求，用最严谨的标准、最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚、最严肃的问责，坚决守住粮食从农田到餐桌的每一个环节，切实维护好广大消费者、广大人民群众，也就是每位老百姓都关心的“舌尖上的安全”。谢谢。

Finally, I want to emphasize that the quality of food is the most important issue, and we must be responsible for it. To solve the concerns and expectations of the people, base on our experience in the work, I think the most fundamental thing is to implement the "four strictest requirements" put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping, which are: using the strictest standards, the strictest supervision, the strictest punishment, and the strictest accountability. We will resolutely safeguard every link of grain production and supply, from farmland to dining table, and earnestly guarantee the "safety on the tongue" for the people, because this is what every citizen cares about. Thank you.

中央广播电视总台国广记者:

CRI:

这些年来许多老百姓不愿意存粮食了，一旦粮食市场有风吹草动，政府的应急能力和应急压力是非常大的，怎么来保证粮食的供应不出问题呢？谢谢。

Over the past few years, many people have been reluctant to stockpile food. If we have a shortage of food, it will pose huge pressures on the government's ability to deal with an emergency. How can we ensure a steady supply of food if there is an emergency? Thank you.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

谢谢您的提问，请黄炜副局长回答。

Thank you for your question. We'd like to invite Mr. Huang to answer this question.

黄炜:

Huang Wei:

这位记者朋友提出的问题，在粮食形势好的时候很容易被忽视。我们在工作当中的体会，保障粮食安全不仅要保在平时，更要保在急时，就是有紧急情况的时候，有备才能无患，否则就会手足无措，应对失序。中国政府高度重视粮食应急保障工作。经过多年努力，已经建立起符合我国国情的粮食应急保障体系，可以用“四个有”来概括：

The question raised by this reporter friend can easily be overlooked when we have sufficient food reserves. According to our work experience, we should not only ensure food security when times are good. More importantly, we should save for a rainy day, otherwise things can be catastrophic when there is an emergency. As such, the Chinese government attaches great importance to food emergency management. After years of hard work, our grain reserves and emergency response systems which are in line with China's national conditions have been established. They can be summarized in the following aspects:

一是手中有粮。遇到紧急情况关键是手中有东西。在紧急事态发生的时候，可以马上拿出粮食。在这一点上，我前面回答问题的时候也讲到了，我们国家充足的原粮储备是粮食应急最为重要的物质基础，是应对粮食安全急需时的“压舱石”。除了原粮储备，我们在人口集中的大中城市和价格易波动地区，建立了能够满足10-15天消费需要的成品粮应急储备。一旦有情况，成品粮在10-15天是能够保障供应的。成品粮储备制度是我们总结经验形成的，可以随时投放市场，保障口粮供应的需要。除了有原粮和成品粮在手里，我们还规划布局了包括应急加工企业、应急供应网点、应急配送中心、应急储运企业，形成了粮食应急保供网络体系。这样的应急体系可以有效应对地震、雨雪冰冻、台风等自然灾害，以及一些重大突发事件。

First, we have food in hand. The key to handle an emergency is to have food reserves in hand. When there is an emergency, we can extract the necessary food supplies immediately. As I have mentioned before, sufficient grain reserves are the foundation, the "ballast stone", of our food emergency system. In addition, emergency food reserves for 10-15 days are available in large and medium-sized cities and areas that are prone to price fluctuations. Once there is an emergency, these food reserves can be put into the market and satisfy demand for 10-15 days. Moreover, we also have emergency processing enterprises, emergency supply outlets, emergency distribution centers, emergency storage and transportation enterprises, forming a food emergency supply network. These play an important role in responding to natural disasters such as earthquakes, sleet, snowstorms, and typhoons, as well as public emergencies.　

我这里还有一组数据向记者朋友通报一下。现在，全国粮食应急加工企业有5704家，每天加工能力138万吨；应急供应网点48831家，日供应能力182万吨；应急配送中心3081个，配送中心本身具备的仓储能力有5387万吨；应急储运企业3492个，这些企业每天的运输能力能够达到113万吨。这组数据能够让大家更好理解什么叫真正的“手中有粮”，而且在应急的时候确实能供得上去。

I have some data here to share with the public. At present, there are 5,704 emergency processing enterprises in the country, with a daily processing capacity of 1.38 million tons. We have 48,831 emergency supply outlets with a daily supply capacity of 1.82 million tons, 3,081 emergency distribution centers with a storage capacity of 53.87 million tons and 3,492 storage and transportation enterprises with a daily transportation capacity of up to 1.13 million tons. This set of data will give you a better understanding of what we truly mean by "food in hand" and what can be provided in the event of an emergency.

二是变时有数。如果粮食市场有变化，我们心里要有数。通过加强粮食监测和预警，随时掌握粮食市场的动态变化，及时发现需要应急处置的问题。有两个数据跟各位记者朋友报告一下，全国有国家级粮食市场信息直报点1817个，地方粮食市场信息监测点9523个，基本覆盖了重点地区、重点品种，能够密切跟踪粮食供求变化和价格动态，做到未动先知、未涨先知。

Second, we can monitor the market in the event of an emergency. By strengthening our food monitoring and early warning systems, we will keep abreast of the dynamic changes in the food market and when an emergency occurs we can coped with in a timely manner. I'd like to show you two numbers. There are 1,817 national food market information reporting centers and 9,523 local food market information monitoring centers, which basically cover key areas and key varieties of food. They can also closely track changes in the food supply, as well as its demand and prices. In this way, we can respond in advance to any shortages or price increases.

三是急时有序。一旦供应紧张，我们有预案、有办法，能有序应对。这个方面的工作主要体现在国家层面有专门的粮食应急预案，从监测预警到应急处置都有很详细的规定。全国31个省（区、市）也都制定了省级的应急预案，587个市（地）、2440个县也都建立了区域性应急预案。除了有预案，各地还开展了应急演练和培训，保障应急队伍、应急设施在关键时候能够真正发挥作用。

Third, we can deal with any potential emergencies in an orderly way. Once supply is starting to tighten up, we can execute on certain plans and deploy certain methods. We have special food emergency plans at the national level with detailed regulations from monitoring and early warning to emergency response. 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, have formulated provincial-level emergency plans, and 587 cities at the prefectural level or above and 2,440 counties have formulated regional emergency plans. In addition to the emergency plans, emergency drills and training are being carried out throughout the country to ensure that emergency teams and facilities can play an important role during critical times.　

四是肩上有责。政府部门要敢于担当，把责任扛起来。现在我们充分发挥粮食安全省长责任制考核的作用，通过这个指挥棒，把责任逐级逐层压到底、压到位，切实做到各负其责，守土尽责。

Fourth, we have the confidence to shoulder these responsibilities. Government departments must assume their roles. We have implemented the responsibility system of provincial governors for food security and have carried out the assessment of the governors' work. As such, we will ensure that government officials at every level earnestly and diligently assume their duties. 　

归纳起来，我们国家粮食连年丰收，储备数量充足，同时物流效率也有明显提高，监测调控体系也更加成熟完善。所以我们完全有能力、有信心做好粮食应急保障工作，请党中央放心，请老百姓放心，也请这位记者朋友放心。

To sum up, our country's grain harvest has seen consecutive bumper years. Our reserves are sufficient and the efficiency of our logistics has also improved significantly. Our monitoring and control system has become more mature and is being perfected. Therefore, we are fully capable and confident of doing a good job in dealing with any potential food emergency. Please rest assured.

张务锋:

Zhang Wufeng:

今天有机会在胡局长的主持下，我和苏秘书长、黄局长回答国内外记者朋友就中国粮食安全所提出的问题，我非常的高兴。大家提出的问题也很好，我们作了回答。如果还有什么问题，下来还可以再找时间再和大家交流，请大家更多地关注中国粮食事业。

Today, with Mr. Hu presiding over the conference, Mr. Su and Mr. Huang and I answered questions raised by domestic and foreign journalists on China's food security. I'm glad that you raised many good questions. If there are any more questions, you may find another time to speak with us again. Please pay more attention to China's food issues.

最后，我和苏秘书长、黄局长代表国家发展改革委，代表国家粮食和物资储备局，对国新办胡局长等各位领导表示真诚的感谢，对今天在座的国内外媒体朋友表示真诚的感谢。大家看到，白皮书的第一句话是“民为国基，谷为民命”，悠悠万事，吃饭为大，14亿中国人的吃饭问题是天大的事情。请各位朋友相信，我们一定会落实好党中央、国务院的部署，按照习近平总书记的指示要求，坚决扛稳粮食安全的重任，坚决守住管好天下粮仓，把中国人的饭碗牢牢地端在自己手上。谢谢大家！

To conclude, on behalf of the National Development and Reform Commission, and the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, we would like to extend our sincere gratitude to Mr. Hu and other SCIO officials and media friends at home and abroad present here today. As you can see, the first sentence of the white paper is "the people are the foundation of a country; food is the primary need of the people". Food security is a critical issue concerning 1.4 billion Chinese people. Please rest assured that we will implement the arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and take on the responsibility to ensure food security in accordance with the instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping. We will firmly hold the Chinese people's rice bowls in our own hands. Thank you!

胡凯红:

Hu Kaihong:

今天发布会到此结束，谢谢各位。　　

Today's briefing is hereby concluded.