CATTI三级笔译实务汉译英实战：

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CATTI三级笔译实务汉译英实战：

天之聪教育 2012-09-11 天之聪教育 956次

CATTI三级笔译实务汉译英实战：

1. 众所周知，过去一年是世界经济的动荡之年。发达国家的表现不尽如人意，经济处于“探底”边缘，复苏和增长乏力，特别是出现了美债和欧债双重危机。民众预期收入下降，失业率上升，消费能力受到抑制。可以说，后金融危机时代经济形势更加复杂，人们的信心有待修复。
We are now in the fourth year of the global financial crisis. It's clear that 2011 was a year of continued turbulence for the world economy. The developed economies performed poorly and are dangerously close to a double-dip recession. Their growth and recovery were weak amid the spiraling debt crisis in America and Europe. There now appears a consensus that the developed world in 2012 will show the following trends:• Personal income will be down.• Jobless rate will be up.• And consumption will be squeezed.
What is certain is that in the post-crisis era, the world economy will face more uncertainties and complex challenges. It's a time when public confidence badly needs to be restored.

新兴经济体尽管受到发达国家经济不振的影响，但总体上表现出了较强的韧性，增长速度相对较快。作为全球第二大经济体和第二大贸易体，中国过去一年经受了各种考验，尤其是“外需”面临“入世”十年来最严峻的局面，但中国政府审时度势，科学决策，采取了一系列有效的政策措施，取得了“发展较快、价格趋稳、效益更好、民生改善”的成绩。
This lingering crisis in the developed world threatens to depress economic activity in the wider world. The silver lining is that emerging economies have shown stronger resilience and have remained on a fast track of growth.
China is one of the leading emerging economies. The Chinese economy has maintained over 32 years of 10% annual growth. In addition, China has emerged as the world's second largest economy and the second largest trading nation.
China is also a responsible member of the global community. China made some very important strategic policy changes last year. The objective was to bolster global economic demand by boosting Chinese domestic consumer demand. This in turn was planned to result in a big increase in demand for imports into China from around the world.
This policy was a success. The evidence is that despite external demand contraction, the above actions delivered solid growth, price stability, economic efficiency gains and improved livelihood for people.

2011年，中国经济增长率达9.2 %，货币政策回归稳健，房地产价格出现“拐点性转折”，通胀出现预期性转折，CPI在年底回落至4%。在内外十分困难的条件下，这一成绩来之不易。
2011 saw a 9.2 percent economic growth in China and its return to a prudent monetary policy.
There was much comment and analysis about the property market in China. Indeed property prices in China came close to a tipping point. But decisive action by the Chinese government meant that inflation declined as expected to 4 percent at the end of the year. As I have described, the world economy in 2011 posed great external risks and volatilities for China. However, China's macroeconomic management was widely viewed as being effective and successful.

在岁首展望今年，无论世界还是中国，促进增长的压力都很大。全球经济增速仍在回落，最近国际货币基金组织发布的《世界经济展望》报告，全面下调世界经济增长预期，认为仍在扩散的欧元区债务危机正在拖累全球经济。
Turning to 2012, the prospects look just as challenging as 2011. The downside pressure is mounting in both China and elsewhere in the world. The world economy is likely to slow down further.
In its latest World Economic Outlook, the IMF cut the global growth forecast. In addition, the report highlighted the threat of the Eurozone debt crisis to the world economy.

中国经济发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题仍很突出，经济结构调整迫在眉睫。面对复杂的形势和艰巨的任务，中国今年的发展思路可概括为：稳中求进。
China is certainly not immune to global economic uncertainties. In addition, China must also confront its problems at home.
We need to tackle the unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable elements in the economy. And never before has an economic restructuring been so pressing and necessary.
For China, this complex and challenging economic environment demands a cool headed response.

稳，就是保持宏观经济政策基本稳定，保持经济增速平稳较快，保持物价总水平基本稳定，保持社会大局稳定。
进，就是抓住机遇，在转变经济发展方式上实现新突破，在深化改革开放上达到新提升，在改善民生上取得新成效。
China's policy is firm and clear. This means continuing to balance and deliver a number of competing economic demands:
• China will deliver macroeconomic stability and at the same time seek sustainable growth through ambitious structural reform.
• China will focus on steady growth, keep a tight control on inflation, and maintain social stability.
• At the same time, China will seize opportunities to further transform its growth model. This has a stress on boosting domestic demand, deepening reform, opening-up and delivering a better life to our people.
　　
——继续加强和改善宏观调控。主要是把握好调控力度、节奏和重点。继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，重点加大对保障改善民生和经济结构调整的支持力度，防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险，坚持房地产调控政策不动摇。
First, improve macroeconomic management.
This means China will fine-tune the intensity, pace and focus of the macroeconomic policies. The pro-active fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy are expected to continue.
More will be done to create conditions for improving people's livelihood and economic restructuring.
Also high on the agenda are policies for preventing and defusing financial risks and putting the property sector on a path to healthy growth.

——加快推进经济结构调整。增强“自主增长”能力，壮大实体经济，增强发展的平衡性、协调性、可持续性。着力扩大内需特别是消费需求，由出口拉动型向消费拉动型转变。坚持“创新驱动”，推进产业结构优化升级，强化节能减排。实施区域发展总体战略，促进城乡区域协调发展。
Second, economic structural reform.
China will strengthen domestic sources of growth, develop a solid real economy, and pursue balanced, coordinated and sustainable growth.
China is committed to moving from an export-driven model towards greater domestic consumption. Our aim is to build an innovation driven, green economy where high value-added industries are thriving. Meanwhile, regional development strategies will be implemented in different parts of China to narrow the urban-rural divide and regional disparities.

——大力保障和改善民生。针对民众反映的突出问题，我们将加大财政投入，“积极而为、量力而行”，扎实推进就业、教育、医疗、社保、保障性住房等民生工作，促进基本公共服务均等化。
Third, improve people's living standards.
We will do everything we can to address public concerns about jobs, welfare and public services.
We will give greater priority to job creation, education, medical services, social security, and public housing programs in overall budget allocation. Funding and planning will be designed to deliver equal access to public services for all.

今日中国，一举一动备受关注。我每天在英国报纸上看到大量关于中国经济的评论。这其中，既有断言中国经济将遭遇“硬着陆”的，也有希望中国发挥更大积极作用，带动全球经济增长的，甚至有人希望中国“拯救欧洲”、“拯救世界”。
Today, China is very much the focus of world's attention. Whatever China does can easily hit front pages and headlines in Britain and worldwide. Understandably, views and comments about China are mixed in the media
Pessimists predict a Chinese 'hard landing'.
Optimists anticipate China's stronger leadership role in boosting the global economy.
There are also commentators who hope that China will save Europe and the entire world.

我认为，中国经济不会出现“硬着陆”。这固然是由于如我刚才所说，中国政府注意加强预调微调，提高宏观调控的针对性和灵活性，可以有效预防和避免危机。更主要的是，中国经济潜力仍十分充沛，增长动力仍十分充足。
Let me offer my comment on these different predictions.
First, a 'hard landing' in China will not happen.
As I said earlier, a policy of 'fine tuning' by the Chinese government is underway. This means macroeconomic management is more focused and flexible so as to effectively prevent crisis. More important, China's growth potential is strong and shouldn't be underestimated.

从需求方面看，中国的工业化、城市化仍然处在快速增长的时期。中国的城市人口仅仅在去年才超过农村人口，每年新增的城市人口，加上已经进入城市的农村转移人口逐步转化为城市居民，将创造出巨大的城市住宅、基础设施建设的投资需求。
From the demand side, China is on a fast track process of industrialising and urbanising. China's urban population has just surpassed the rural population. Over the next decades, migration on a huge scale from rural to urban areas will continue. This will create enormous demand for investment in housing and infrastructure.

中国地区发展不平衡，扩展了经济发展的空间。新的区域增长极不断出现，可以有效带动投资和消费的增长，提供更大的市场规模。最值得期待的，是国内消费市场的潜力巨大。中国的消费结构正从吃、穿等生存性消费向住、行、教育等发展型消费升级。
China's internal economic imbalances among regions offer significant room for economic growth. Over the past three decades we have often seen emerging growth centres become effective drivers of investment and consumption.
One of the biggest potential contributor to China's growth will also be the huge potential of its consumer spending.
In China rising levels of income will create a significant advance in domestic consumption.
Individual purchasing power in China is shifting from 'survival consumption' such as food and clothing. The pattern of consumption is moving toward more diverse needs including housing, transport and education. This is an encouraging process that will provide more market opportunities to manufacturers and service providers inside and outside China.

从供给方面看，中国的资金已经从长期紧缺变为比较宽裕，劳动力总量巨大的优势还会持续一段时间。虽然随着中国人口结构变化，如外界所说，中国劳动年龄人口比重高带来的“人口红利”将逐渐消失，但随着政府加大教育投入，人力资本提升空间很大，这将形成经济增长新的有利因素。
From the supply side China is now a capital-rich society. China will continue to have a deep pool of labour for a long time to come.
An ageing population can pose a challenge. It will worsen the dependency ratio and erode China's 'population bonus'.
But as government invests more in education and skills training, the human capital will have a greater potential to rise and will be a new driver of economic growth.

同时，我认为中国作为负责任的大国，正在、也将继续采取有效措施，为拉动世界经济增长做出更大贡献。
中国将始终不渝地奉行对外开放的基本国策和互利共赢的开放战略。中国加入世贸组织以来的10年，中国每年新增进口规模均接近或超过1000亿美元。预计“十二五”期间，中国进口总额将超过8万亿美元。中国还将采取一系列措施，包括调整和优化进口结构、简化和放宽进口管理措施、完善进口促进体系，促进对外贸易平衡和可持续发展。我相信，外部世界开拓中国市场面临历史性机遇。
This leads me to my second point. A strong Chinese economy will underpin a positive global role of China.
China is a large and responsible member of the global community of countries. In this role China will continue to take effective steps to contribute more to world economic development.
China is committed to an opening-up policy and a win-win strategy for the world. China's 10 years of WTO membership saw its annual imports grow by nearly 100 billion US dollars. In the 12th Five Year Plan period from 2011 to 2015, the aim of China will be to import a total of 8 trillion US dollars in goods and services.
As parts of a broader strategy to balance trade and sustain growth, China will undertake a raft of other measures. These include improving import mix, streamlining import management procedures and strengthening import promotion.
I am confident these steps will generate historic opportunities within the Chinese market and benefit China and the entire world.

中国政府也积极鼓励有实力的企业“走出去”，加大对外投资和开展国际化经营。近两年，中国对外非金融类直接投资额均超过了600亿美元。截至2011年底，中国投资者共在全球178个国家（地区）设立对外直接投资企业1.8万家，累计实现非金融类对外直接投资3220亿美元，创造了超过100万个就业岗位。事实表明，中国企业加大对外投资，促进了投资地的经济发展，也促进了世界经济的繁荣。
At the same time, the Chinese government encourages Chinese businesses to go global.
Last year, China's direct investment overseas for the first time broke the 60 billion US dollar mark.
By late 2011, Chinese investors had set up 18,000 businesses in 178 countries and regions. This added up to an investment value of 322 billion US dollars and created more than 1 million jobs.
This surge in China's outbound investment has two important impact:
First, this is a boost to the growth of receiving countries.
Second, this is a significant contribution to the prosperity of the world.

英国是中国对外经贸合作的重要对象。两国一致同意深化双向贸易与投资，确立了到2015年双边贸易额达到1000亿美元的目标，致力于在基础设施、高端制造、新能源等领域打造新的合作亮点。去年，中英双边贸易额达到586亿美元，增长了17%，其中英国对华出口增长了28.8%。
Now, let me close with a word about the business relationship between China and Britain.
For decades, Britain has been a major economic partner of China.
In recent times there has been a renewed commitment by Chinese and British leaders to deepen two-way trade and investment. These are some of the key aims:
• The leaders of our two countries have agreed an ambitious objective. This is to increase our bilateral trade to 100 billion US dollars by 2015.
• We are working together to make infrastructure, advanced manufacturing and green energy the new highlight in our partnership.
This joint endeavor holds out great promise. The reason is that these objectives are built upon an obvious deepening of our two countries' economic links in recent years.
Last year, bilateral trade reached 58.6 billion dollars. That is up by 17 percent year on year. During 2011 UK exports to China recorded an impressive 28.8 percent rise.

中国对英投资处在起步阶段，但增速很快。就项目数量而言，2010/11财年中国在英国投资来源国排名榜上已经名列第7位。中国企业将英国看作在欧洲的重要投资目的地，投资规模不断扩大，投资领域也更加多元化，不仅在英国设立研发中心，还设立欧洲总部。
China's investment in Britain has also been fast growing. In fiscal year 2010-11, China became the seventh largest investor in Britain by the number of projects.
Chinese businesses clearly recognise the UK's value in their global strategies. From their viewpoint, the UK is a major European investment destination. They have chosen Britain not only to do research and development, but also to base their European headquarters.
　
2. 尽管过去四年是国际金融危机发生、蔓延和深化的四年，世界经济形势极为复杂严峻，但中国经济保持了平稳较快发展，中国金融业取得了历史性进步。
Since the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, the crisis has rolled around the world. As developed economies have stumbled, China’s economy showed strong resilience. At the same time, the Chinese financial industry weathered the external shocks and achieved historic progress.

首先，中国金融业实力大大增强。中国对金融机构实行了大刀阔斧式的改革，特别是对工、农、中、建、交五大国有控股商业银行完成了股份制改革。如今，这些大型商业银行公司治理逐步健全，盈利能力显著提高。
First, China’s financial industry is more competitive. China has introduced sweeping reforms to its financial institutions. This ambitious plan transformed the ‘Big Five’ stated-owned commercial banks, namely: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China; Agricultural Bank of China; Bank of China; China Construction Bank; and Bank of Communications. Each of the ‘Big Five’ has evolved into share holding financial groups. Over the past few years, these banks have strengthened corporate governance and raised profitability.
过去，在全球10大银行中，清一色欧美、日本的银行，现在中国工商银行等中资银行已成排行榜上的常客。截止到去年11月末，中国金融业总资产达119万亿元人民币，比2006年末增长了149%。2011年9月末，商业银行资本充足率12.3%，比五年前提高5个百分点；不良贷款率0.9%，比五年前下降6.2个百分点。
The global ranking of the top 10 banks is no longer dominated by American, European and Japanese banks.
Today, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and other Chinese banks have become heavy-weight players in the world.
In late November 2011 the Chinese financial industry was valued at 119 trillion RMB yuan, or 11.9 trillion pound. That means a rise of 149 percent from the year end of 2006. By September 2011 Chinese commercial banks’ capital adequacy ratio reached 12.3 percent. That is up by 5 percent compared to five years ago. Also in this period, their non-performing loans ratio dropped to 0.9 percent from 7.1 percent.

第二，中国金融市场体系日益健全。中国已基本形成功能相互补充、交易场所多层次、交易产品多样化的金融市场体系。2011年末，沪深两市上市公司2342家，总市值21.5万亿元人民币，位居世界第二。债券市场规模超过20万亿元人民币，位居世界第五。
My second point about ‘historic progress’ is to highlight the growing maturity of China’s financial markets. China now has strong and maturing financial markets. They have diverse products and trading facilities that reinforce each other. These are some of the key points: By late 2011, there were 2,342 listed companies at the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. These have a total market capitalisation of 21.5 trillion RMB yuan, or 2.15 trillion pound. The Chinese stock markets now rank as the world’s second largest. With bonds China has developed an over 20 trillion yuan, or 2 trillion pound market, which ranks fifth in the world.

期货市场稳步发展，覆盖农产品、金属、能源、化工和金融等领域的期货品种体系初步形成。保险市场快速发展，2011年中国保费收入1.43万亿元人民币，是2006年同期的近3倍。外汇市场交易主体增加，产品不断创新。
Futures trading in China continues to rise. Markets now span agricultural products, metals, energy, chemicals and financial products. As a measure of a flourishing insurance market, this industry posted a record premium of 1.43 trillion yuan, or 143 billion pound, in 2011, which is about 3 times that of 2006. The forex market has also become more robust, attracting more traders and rolling out new investment products.

第三，中国金融抗风险能力大大增强。我们坚持正确把握金融宏观调控的方向、力度和节奏，综合运用利率、汇率、存款准备金率和公开市场操作等工具，促进货币信贷合理增长，调整优化信贷结构，较好地处理了金融支持经济发展、控制通货膨胀与防范金融风险的关系。
My third point about ‘historic progress’ is how China’s financial system has grown resilient to risks.
There has been very different approaches to managing financial market risks in the world over the past thirty years.
Over the past three decades, China’s macro regulatory reform has kept the financial industry well regulated.
The Chinese government policy used a wide range of tools: Fine-tuning was flexible and timely. There was the fine-tuning of intensity and pace of regulation in the light of the wider economic environment and market conditions. China employed a full range of measures including interest rate, forex rate, bank reserve ratio for savings and open market operations. Care was taken with money and credit growth. The lending structure was improved. China highlighted the value of the financial sector macro management. This meant that China struck the right balance among supporting growth, managing inflation and preventing financial risks.

我们立足基本国情，不断完善银行、证券、保险分业监管体制，加强金融监管协调。我们积极借鉴国际监管理念和标准，改进监管方式和手段，对系统性风险隐患早发现、早干预。我们不断强化市场基础性制度建设，推动完善企业公司治理。
Tailored to China’s economic conditions, we have developed a more effective and coordinated regulatory structure. This covers the banking sector, securities trading and insurance services. China has a long history of taking ideas from the rest of the world. We have adopted international concepts and standards to improve our regulatory approaches and vehicles.
At the heart of the Chinese risk management system is early warning of systemic risks and immediate intervention to prevent contagion. At the same time, we have strengthened the institutional infrastructure and pushed for corporate governance to operate to higher standards.

我想强调的是，在发展金融产业的过程中，中国注意吸取从国际金融危机中得到的教训，始终坚持金融服务实体经济的本质要求，牢牢把握发展实体经济这一坚实基础，确保资金投向实体经济，防止虚拟经济过度自我循环和膨胀，防止出现产业空心化现象；
All these factors explain how China has made ‘historic progress’ in the past four years of financial crisis in the developed countries. What I hope to bring to your attention is that China is a serious student of the history of financial industry and global crises. We are deeply aware of the centrality of the real economy in national prosperity. Chinese people know that the financial sector should have an important supporting role. But at the same time, the financial sector should not expand excessively at the expense of the manufacturing base. China provides crucial lessons for the world that finding the right balance of regulation of the financial sector is critical for winning stable and sustainable performance.

第四，中国金融业日益对外开放。中国自十年前加入世贸组织以来，全面履行入世承诺，坚持“引进来”、“走出去”，大幅提高金融业市场开放度。在华外资金融机构规模扩大，截至去年9月末，在中国注册的外商独资和中外合资法人银行业机构14家，73家外国银行在中国设立191家分行和61家支行，183家外国银行在中国设立242家代表处，在华外资银行资产总额高达1051亿美元。
My fourth point about ‘historic progress’ in China is that our financial industry is increasingly open to the world.
China joined the WTO just over 10 years ago. Since then China has delivered its commitments. This means China has significantly opened its financial markets and encouraged its financial institutions to operate globally. These facts measure the progress:
• Foreign financial institutions have expanded their presence and secured a firm footing on China’s market. Foreign banking assets in China reached 105.1 billion US dollars.
• By September 2011, 14 wholly owned foreign banks and Sino-foreign joint-equity banks were registered in China. Now, 191 branches and 61 sub-branches of foreign banks are operating in China. There are another 242 offices of 183 foreign banks across the country.

中国稳步推进股票市场、债券市场对外开放，实施合格境内机构投资者、境外机构投资者制度。截至2011年底，中国批准设立的合格境外投资者已经达到135家。
• China’s steady opening-up of its stock and bond markets is just as impressive and productive. A range of measures have been introduced, such as the (Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors) QDII scheme and the (Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors) QFII scheme. By the end of 2011, 135 qualified foreign institutional investors had been cleared to invest in China’s securities market.

中国稳步推动人民币汇率形成机制和利率市场化改革，中国与14个国家和地区签署了总额为1.3万多亿元人民币的双边本币互换协议，人民币结算额已上升至中国外贸总额近10%，人民币国际地位明显提升。
• The reforms towards a managed floating RMB exchange rate and a market-driven interest rate scheme have made progress. China has signed 1.3 trillion RMB yuan, or 130 billion pound, worth of bilateral currency swap agreements with 14 countries and regions. The fact that nearly 10 percent of China’s international trade annually is settled by Renminbi points to a significant rise of the currency’s global status.

中国不断加强国际金融合作，积极参与国际经济金融治理机制建设，在国际货币基金组织和世界银行中的份额和投票权得到提高，在二十国集团中的作用日益突出。
• China is keen to further deepen its global financial cooperation. We are an active participant in global economic and financial governance. Increasingly our voice is heard at key international forums. For example, China is now holding more quotas and voting shares in the IMF and the World Bank. China’s role and contribution in the G20 is now welcome and influential.

加强中英在金融监管领域的交流。不久前，英国改革了金融监管体制，设立了金融市场行为监管局（FCA）。金融监管在中国发展历程相对较短，经验也不多，我认为，英国的改革思路、目标和效果及其对中国的参考借鉴，应当成为中英金融监管者今后密切沟通的主题。
Strengthen exchanges with British financial regulators. We meet at a time of global economic and financial storm. For the regulators worldwide, fixing institutional weaknesses and rebuilding the financial industry is the number one priority. This is clearly an area where Britain can show its strength. As part of its financial regulatory reform, Britain has set up the Financial Conduct Authority. Compared with the UK, financial regulation is relatively young in China. Our regulatory experience is not nearly as much as that of our British colleagues. That’s why Britain’s reform agenda, fresh thinking and policy implications can be of great value for China. These topics should be front and centre between Chinese and British decision-makers in their financial regulatory dialogues.