驻英国大使刘晓明在皇家国际问题研究所主旨演讲答问实录

Ambassador Liu Xiaoming Answers Questions at Chatham House

2020年3月2日，驻英国大使刘晓明在英国皇家国际问题研究所发表题为《同舟共济，共克时艰，构建人类命运共同体》的主旨演讲并回答现场观众提问。活动由皇研所主席、“金砖之父”奥尼尔勋爵主持，英内阁办公室、外交部、国防部、国际贸易部、数文媒体部、国际发展部等部门官员，哈萨克斯坦、拉脱维亚、巴基斯坦、美国、加拿大、意大利、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、巴西、比利时、韩国、瑞士、乌克兰、智利、以色列等国驻英使节和外交官，以及英工商、学术、媒体等各界代表和皇研所会员共200余人出席。皇研所通过网络向全球会员现场直播。问答实录如下：

On 2 March, Ambassador Liu Xiaoming delivered a keynote speech entitled Pull in the Same Direction and Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind at the Chatham House, after which he answered questions from the audience. The event was hosted by Lord O'Neil, Chairman of the Chatham House, and the creator of the acronym "BRICs". There were around 200 participants at the event, including British officials from the Cabinet Office, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Ministry of Defense, Department of International Trade, Department of Digital, Culture, Media & Sport, Department of International Development, as well as diplomats from Kazakhstan, Latvia, Pakistan, the United States, Canada, Italy, Australia, New Zealand, India, Brazil, Belgium, South Korea, Switzerland, Ukraine, Chile and Israel. There are also audience from the business, academic and media circles, as well as members of the Chatham House. The Chatham House live streamed the event to its global members. Here are the main excerpts from the questions and answers session.

奥尼尔勋爵：谢谢大使！请允许我先提几个问题，然后再由听众提问。贯穿你整个演讲的主题是“人类命运共同体”。让我们从新冠肺炎疫情谈起，你是否认为此次疫情会让世界各国相互疏远，或者让大家重新团结起来？

Lord O'Neil: Thank you very much, Ambassador. Let me start with a few questions and then I'll come to the audience. The central theme that you've kept bringing up and finished with is a community with a shared future. Let me start with Covid-19. Do you feel that so far this outbreak is taking the world to where we're pulling away from each other, or in a strange way that despite the dreadful nature of it, this might be something that brings us all back together?

刘大使：你可以从我的演讲看出，我相信此次疫情让世界变得更加团结。病毒无国界，病毒不分种族，无论你是中国人、英国人或者美国人，病毒是人类共同的威胁和挑战，所以我们需要共同抗击疫情。我们一直坚信，中国不是在孤军奋战，其他国家始终与我们站在一起。中国不仅尽最大努力在国内控制疫情，而且积极与国际社会合作抗疫。我们积极同世界卫生组织合作，世卫组织向中国派遣了专家团队，撰写了有说服力的报告，这份报告不仅赞扬了中国的抗疫举措，也为世界共同抗疫提出了建议。中国采取公开、透明的方式，与国际社会分享病毒基因序列、病源信息以及治愈病例的经验等。目前，中国累计确诊病例有8万多例，治愈病例超过4万，治愈率近56%。我们对包括英国、美国和其他欧洲国家在内的其他国家提供的支持表示感谢。英国政府向中方援助了两批急需医疗物资，我们也对英国政府撤侨给予协助。在湖北武汉的外国公民也得到很好照顾。总之，我认为，此次疫情使人们再次认识到，世界是一个命运共同体，我们应该共同努力为人类创造更加美好的未来。

Ambassador Liu: I think in my remarks you can see that I believe this virus brings the world together. The virus knows no borders and knows no races: Whether you are Chinese, British or American, this virus constitutes a common threat and a common challenge. So we need to work together to fight against this. We always believe that China is not fighting this virus alone. China engages with other countries. Not only have we made every effort to contain it in China, but also engaged very actively with the international community. We appreciate the support from other countries, including the UK, the United States, and other European countries. The UK Government sent two shipments of medical supplies which are urgently needed. We also helped the UK government to evacuate its nationals. We have also taken very good care of foreigners living in Wuhan, Hubei. We are working actively with the WHO. They sent an expert team to China and produced a very convincing report, not only about the measures taken by China but also how the world can work together to contain this disease. China adopts a very open, transparent approach. We share information, including genetic sequence, researches on the origins of the disease and successful cases. Right now there are about 40,000 people cured and discharged from hospitals. Now the cure rate is 56% out of about 80,000 confirmed cases. So I think this virus outbreak really convinces us, once again, that the human society is one community. We have a shared future and we should work together for a better future of the mankind.　

奥尼尔勋爵：刘大使，有些人说，我们不能相信中国公布的疫情数字，这是否会让你感到困扰？

Lord O'Neil: When you read and hear people outside China, some are saying that we can't trust any of the numbers or any of the data. Is that really annoying for you?　

刘大使：大多数民众、外国政府和世卫组织都相信中国公布的疫情数字。这些有说服力的数字表明，我们抗疫正在取得积极进展。我们鼓励加强与国际社会沟通，邀请了世卫组织专家来中国。如果你不相信中国公布的数字，难道你不相信世卫组织专家的意见吗？如果你连世卫组织专家也不相信，那你相信谁呢？难道你只相信自己、相信西方媒体、相信谣言和恐慌制造者吗？只有彼此信任，我们才能建立信心，才能拥有走向胜利的乐观态度，这对赢得抗疫至关重要。

Ambassador Liu: I think the majority of people, including the foreign governments, the WHO, they believe and they trust the figures. We have convincing figures showing that we are making progress. We encourage communications and more transparency. We invite foreign experts to China. If you don't trust us, do trust WHO experts. If you don't trust WHO experts, whom do you trust? You trust yourself? You trust Western media? You trust rumors or scaremongers' statement? We need to build trust, then we can have confidence and optimism, which is very important for winning this battle.　

奥尼尔勋爵：我很赞同你刚才谈到的与安德鲁·马尔讨论“危机”一词的例子。我意识到，过去40多年的一个教训就是不应浪费任何一次危机带来的机遇。我的问题是，对中国来说，这场疫情带来的最大机遇是什么？

Lord O'Neil: I love how you brought up the example of Andrew Marr and the word 'crisis'. I have never realized that one of the few things I learned in nearly 40 years of finance is never let a crisis go to waste. And my question to you in that regard is that what is the big opportunity for China from this crisis?

刘大使：我认为最大的机遇就是，这次抗疫充分显示中国是一个负责任大国。世卫组织总干事谭德塞说，中国不仅是在保护中国人民，也是在保护世界人民。中国付出了巨大代价，也为世界其他国家争取了时间。英国首相约翰逊和卫生大臣汉考克都称赞中国政府的快速反应、坚定决心和有力举措。这次抗疫也显示了中国独特的制度优势。我们并不是要输出中国的制度模式，我相信各个文明都有其优点和独特之处，应该相互学习借鉴。中国制度的优势之一就是能够说到做到，我们仅用10天就建成了两所专业化医院。前一段时间人们担心没有足够能力收治所有病人，但现在是“床等病人”，而不是“病人等床”。不少人难以理解这一点，有些国家可能需要花费数年才能建成一所医院…

Ambassador Liu: Many. I think it's a big opportunity to show that China is a responsible global player. I quote WHO Director General's words that China is not only protecting its own people, but also protecting the people of the world. We made a huge sacrifice. We have bought time for the rest of the world. Secretary Matt Hancock praised China in his interview. So did the Prime Minister. They all praised China for the speed of the response, for the resolution and determination by the Chinese government. It also shows the strength of China's system. I'm not trying to export China's model, because I believe each civilization has its strengths or uniqueness and we should learn from each other. Yet this really shows that China's system can deliver. We built two hospitals in 10 days. I just read a report showing that currently we have more beds than patients. People were concerned that there is not enough capacity to hospitalize the patients. Now it is 'beds waiting for patients', not 'patients waiting for beds'. Not quite a lot of people are aware of this. Some people say it may take years for some countries to build two hospitals.　

奥尼尔勋爵：（笑）我很好奇是哪些国家？

Lord O'Neil: (Laugh) I wonder where.　

刘大使：我不具体点名了。最近我在出席一个会议时说，我出使英国10年，人们一直在争论是否要修建希思罗机场第三条跑道，而中国仅用5年时间就建成了北京大兴国际机场。该机场拥有世界上最大的航站楼和4条跑道。

Ambassador Liu: I wouldn't name countries. When I was at a symposium the other day, I said, I've been here for 10 years and have been hearing people debating whether to build the third runway of Heathrow Airport. Yet in the past five years, China built the largest terminal in the world----the new Beijing Daxing International Airport, with 4 runways.　　

奥尼尔勋爵：关于中美关系，随着中国朝着自己的目标发展，你认为当前中美关系面临的挑战是不可避免的，还是实际上可以避免？

Lord O'Neil: The China-US relationship. Do you feel that as China develops, the challenge between China and the US is inevitable? Or you just think how on earth did this happen. Which way are you on that one?

刘大使：正如我在演讲中所说，中国的发展是一个自我超越的过程。中国仍是世界上最大的发展中国家，面临十分艰巨的发展任务。如何把国家发展得更好，如何让人民过上更幸福、更健康的生活，这都需要付出更大的努力。大约15年前，我曾在中国甘肃省担任省长助理，协助推动当地对外开放合作。甘肃是中国西部贫困省份之一，与全国平均水平相比，那时甘肃经济社会发展还很滞后，全省只有18公里长的高速公路，当地农村一些地区基本生活用水都无法保障，民众不得不建造水窖采集雨水，许多孩子也没有机会接受正规教育。15年来，中央政府在帮助西部地区脱贫上做了大量投入，目前取得显著进步，但甘肃与中国东部沿海地区相比还有很大差距。人们在谈论中国时，往往只看到北京、上海、广州等大城市，这些是发达地区，并非中国的全貌。进一步实现中国的发展繁荣仍需克服诸多挑战。

Ambassador Liu: As I said in my remarks, we just want to make a best version of ourselves. We are still the largest developing country in the world. There are enormous challenges facing the Chinese leadership, such as how to make China a better country, how to make Chinese people feel happier, live longer and enjoy a better life. About 15 years ago, I was seconded to Gansu Province as Assistant Governor. It's in western China and was very dry. It was one of the poorest provinces. You can say it was very underdeveloped, especially in the mountainous areas. At that time, there was only 18 kilometres of highway. People didn't even have drinkable water so they had to build cellars to capture rain water and then purify it for drinking. Children did not have access to quality education. That is just one province and there are many similar provinces in the western part of China. That's why the Central Government invests a great deal there and 15 years have made a lot of changes. It's making tremendous progress but still way behind the coastal areas. Nowadays when people talk about China, many of them only think of metropolitans such as Shanghai and Beijing. But these are not the representatives of the whole China. They represent the more developed parts of China, but we also have a large area of developing China. I think the enormous challenge for the Chinese government is how to build China into a moderately prosperous society.　

过去40多年来的改革开放，使中国面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化。中国发展的秘诀就是对世界开放，不断融入世界，包括与美国等国家建立良好关系。我曾两次在美国常驻，始终认为中美保持稳定关系，世界才能实现和平、安全和繁荣。我们无意挑战和取代美国，即使将来中国经济总量超过美国，人均国内生产总值仍与美国相距甚远。去年中国人均国内生产总值刚刚超过1万美元，只相当于美国的六分之一、英国的四分之一。

We have been reforming and opening up for the past 40 years. That has changed the landscape of China. One of the secrets for our success is we open to the world and engage with the rest of world, including improving relation with the United States. I've been posted twice in Washington DC. In those days I always said there's no peace, stability and prosperity of the world without steady relationship between China and United States. We have no intention at all to either challenge the United States or even replace it. Even if China surpassed the United States in terms of total GDP someday, China's GDP per capita is way behind. Last year, China's GDP per capita is just over 10,000 US dollars. That is just one sixth of the US, and one fourth of the UK.

奥尼尔勋爵：在听众提问前，请允许我问最后一个问题。大使觉得现在英中关系“黄金时代”成色如何？如果英国在华为问题上做出不同决定，英中关系“黄金时代”会否褪色？

Lord O'Neil: Let me ask you one more, before we open the floor for questions, on the golden relationship between China and UK. How golden is it these days? Would it have been very 'ungolden' if the decision on Huawei would have gone differently?　

刘大使：中英建立了全球全面战略伙伴关系，这一关系非常强劲。中英都是联合国安理会常任理事国，肩负着重要国际责任。我曾与你共同出席抗生素耐药性方面的研讨会，中英双方在该领域以及诸多国际事务中开展了良好合作。我们对英方在华为问题上的决定并非十分满意，因为英方给华为设定了35%的市场份额上限，这不符合英国自由经济和自由竞争的原则，但英方的决定仍是值得欢迎的。华为不是中英关系的全部。今年中英将分别举办《生物多样性公约》第15次缔约方会议（COP15）和《联合国气候变化框架公约》第26次缔约方会议（COP26），这既为两国合作提供了重要空间，也为双方在气候变化、环境保护、野生动植物保护等方面发挥全球引领作用提供了重要机遇。中国是英国第三大贸易伙伴，英国脱欧后致力于打造“全球化英国”，更加重视对华合作。我认为，中英关系“黄金时代”成色仍足，双方应加强合作，打造更多“黄金成果”。

Ambassador Liu: China enjoys a very good and robust relationship with the UK. It is across the board and we call it a comprehensive strategic relationship. As I said, we are both permanent members of the UN Security Council, carrying big responsibility for global affairs, including the one we both cared: antibiotic resistance. On the UK's decision on Huawei, although we are not fully satisfied -- the 35% cap does not show your principle of free economy and free competition -- but I think it's a good decision. Huawei is just a part of the overall relationship. It is not all. China and the UK can work together and can take the lead. I talked about COP 15 and COP 26 offering us opportunities not only for strengthening bilateral collaboration. China and the UK can also provide leadership to the world in terms of addressing the challenges of climate change, environmental protection, and wildlife conservation. On business, now China is the third largest trading partner for the UK. I think when the UK leaves the EU, the relationship between China and the UK will become even more important, especially when you're building "global Britain". I believe there are more opportunities between China and the UK. I think the "Golden Era" is still shining. We should work together to produce more golden fruits in this "Golden Era".

皇研所会员：我是来自你刚才提到的中国甘肃省的中国人。我有一个关于“危机”和“化危为机”的问题。在这次新冠肺炎疫情之后，你认为中国的公共卫生发展面临什么样的机遇？未来中国公众将如何参与公共事务？

Gina from the Chatham House: My name is Gina, I'm from the Chatham House. I'm also a Chinese from Gansu Province which you just mentioned. I have a question about what you're talking about, 'wei ji', the crisis, and changing the crisis into an opportunity. What do you see would be the opportunity for the development of public health care in China, after this Covid-19 virus? And what do you see as the opportunity for public engagement or participation of the society in public affairs after this crisis? Thank you.　

刘大使：如我所说，这次抗疫显示了中国体制的独特优势，中国举国动员抗击疫情，我们称之为“人民战争”。事实上，在这场疫情中涌现出许多感人的故事，奋战在最前线的不仅有广大医务工作者，还有许多社区动员和组织起来的普通百姓和志愿者。武汉人口约有1100万，面积大概是伦敦的五倍。湖北省人口为5900万，相当于英格兰和威尔士的人口之和。我们既要支持与病毒作斗争的医务人员，也不要忘记全国各地都在为保障湖北民众日常生活提供有力支持。如甘肃盛产苹果，就给湖北援赠了很多苹果。同时我们也意识到，要努力弥补短板和不足，使我们的应急管理体系反应更加迅速。我们将与国际社会加强经验分享，不仅是如何成功治愈病患，还有如何加强更有效的合作。这场危机给国际社会敲响了警钟，我们需要加大公共卫生领域投入，这对中国和世界都很重要。

Ambassador Liu: Of course we have the strength of the system, as I mentioned. China has the whole nation mobilized to fight a "people's war". As a matter of fact, we've heard so many stories, not only about the medical and healthcare workers fighting in the forefront, but also about so many volunteers and ordinary people. The people have been mobilized and organized by the community. Wuhan is a city about five times that of London. The population is about 11 million. Hubei has about 59 million people, which is the population of England plus Wales. While people focus on the medical team fighting the virus, they also need to have their daily life guaranteed. And the whole country has been working to satisfy their basic needs such as food. Gansu Province donated and shipped apples. You know, Gansu produces very good, delicious apples. I think there's a greater participation of the public, including ordinary people like students and pupils.

But also we have to realize that there are shortcomings that we need to work on, that is, how to strengthen the public health emergency management system, how to make it more responsive and also how to work with international organizations like the WHO. We'd like to share this experience with the international community, not only the success in the cured cases, but also how to set up a more effective system. This crisis is also a wake up call for the world and the international community that we need to invest more in public health and do a better job. So that is also a lesson for not only the Chinese government, but also for the world as whole.

《亚洲事务杂志》记者：关于欣克利角核电站和高铁2号线（HS2），英国是否应允许中国企业更多参与英国基础设施？

Asian Affairs Magazine: Thank you very much. I am from Asian Affairs Magazine. Ambassador, my question relates to issues such as Hinkley Point and HS2 high speed rail link. Should Britain give China a greater role in developing infrastructure in the United Kingdom?　

刘大使：中英在基础设施领域保持良好合作，这对双方是互利双赢的。中国在资金和建设经验方面具有优势，英国在金融服务等领域具有优势。中英法三方合作的欣克利角C核电站项目进展顺利，中方公司致力于将其打造成高质量项目。中国是全球高铁领域领先者，高铁里程占全球三分之二。我想澄清的是，不久前《金融时报》报道，中国高铁公司致信英方称，能以更低价格在5年内建成HS2。这是不实报道，中方企业并未写过这样的信，两国企业也未进行实质性商谈。中方对参与英国基础设施建设持开放态度，认为这是互利双赢的，愿积极参与，当然最终这取决于英方的决定。

Ambassador Liu: With regard to infrastructure, we have a lot of collaborations between China and the UK. China has advantages in capital and experience, and the UK has expertise in financial services. I think our two countries can work together on many of these projects. You mentioned Hinkley Point C. The good news is it's on track, making solid progress. It's a joint venture between China, France and the UK. The Chinese companies are very much committed to delivering the best quality project.

With regard to the high speed rail, China now is a leader in high speed rail. We own two thirds of the world's high speed railway. Let me take this opportunity to clear up things. There is fake news reported by FT, saying that a Chinese high-speed railway company wrote a letter to promise that it can deliver the HS2 in five years with the lowest investment. It's not true. There's no such a letter and no substantial discussions yet. We are open. We'd like to participate. It's up to the British government.　

《悉尼先驱晨报》记者：你说中国政府在抗击新冠肺炎疫情上展现开放和透明。为什么还指责揭露疫情的“吹哨人”？这又如何向世界展示你刚才在演讲中所称赞的中国政府呢？

Sydney Morning Herald: Ambassador, I am from the Sydney Morning Herald. You said that China had been open and transparent in its response to Covid-19. Why then did China reprimand that whistle-blowing doctor who tried to alert you to this new virus? And how is that a demonstration to the rest of the world of the Chinese regime you praised earlier in your speech?

刘大使：我并不是自我称赞。对中国政府的称赞来自世卫组织和国际社会。中国抗疫工作始终本着公开、透明、负责任的态度，得到世卫组织和国际社会的高度称赞，不存在对举报疫情信息的隐瞒。新冠肺炎是一种全新的病毒，人们对其知之甚少，对这种新型病毒危害性的认识需要一个过程，直到今天还有很多未知之处。李文亮医生是千千万万医务人员中的一员，我们对他的不幸去世感到痛心。中央政府已经派出专门工作组对有关情况进行调查。据我所知，第一个报告疫情的医生叫张继先，他首先发现这种新冠肺炎病毒，立即报告上级并得到嘉奖。

Ambassador Liu: China has made efforts to ensure transparency. We try our very best to be open and responsible, which is praised by the WHO. There's no such a thing as China cracking down on people who gave away information. When facing this new virus, people know little about it and it took time for people to realize the seriousness of the virus. Dr. Li Wenliang is among thousands of doctors. Even at a very difficult time, he lived up to his duty. It is very sad he passed away. The central authority has sent an investigation team down to Wuhan to find out what really happened to Dr. Li. I just read a report that the first doctor to discover this virus is actually Dr. Zhang Jixian. Dr. Zhang discovered it and reported immediately to the health authority and he was praised in China.　

“西藏事务研究所”人员：刘大使在演讲中谈到“命运共同体”、不同文明和谐发展等政策，但中国外交政策是否应首先考虑如何对待西藏与新疆民众的问题？

Institute of Tibetan Affairs: You talked a lot about the spirit of community, creation of shared interest, harmonious existence between civilizations. I wonder how do you treat the Tibetans in Tibet, Uyghurs in Xinjiang? Don't you think in the foreign policy, the treatment of your own citizens as it were should come first?　

刘大使：我想首先纠正你的说法，西藏、新疆自古以来就是中国的一部分。中国有56个民族，各民族团结友爱、和谐共处、共同发展。在这次抗疫斗争中，西藏、新疆向湖北提供了宝贵支持，包括提供了食品等物资。长期以来，中国实施内地省市与西藏、新疆对口支援政策，此次西藏、新疆也对湖北的援助予以回报。中国全国各族人民正团结一心，共同建设我们的家园。

Ambassador Liu: I should correct you that Tibet and Xinjiang are part of China. They are part of China since ancient times. The different ethnic groups in Tibet and Xinjiang are living peacefully, harmoniously and are developing together. China is a country with 56 ethnic groups, and they are united and stand together. In the fight against Covid-19, Tibetan people provided very valuable aid to Hubei. In China, we have sister provinces in which other provinces helped Tibet and Xinjiang in the past, and the Tibetan people wanted to show their gratitude and they provided food and vegetable supplies this time. Xinjiang did the same. China is a united country with different ethnic groups living harmoniously and peacefully, working together to build the country.

皇研所会员：我上世纪80年代曾在中国学习，当时中国市场就存在非法野生动物交易的现象。请问中国在打击非法野生动物交易方面有何计划？

Chatham House Member: I'm a member of the Chatham House. I used to study in China in the 1980s. Now I have a very direct and quick question. What is the Chinese government planning to do with illegal trade of wild animals? I do remember markets in China in the 1980s that obviously did have problems. So, what is the way forward?

刘大使：中国重视对野生动物的保护。关于非法野生动物交易，最近中国十三届全国人大常委会第十六次会议通过了专门决定，明确规定全面禁止非法野生动物交易，革除滥食野生动物陋习，切实保障人民群众生命健康安全。这也是新冠肺炎疫情给我们带来的教训之一。现在是抗疫非常时期，相信中国人大以后会将相关决定立法。

Ambassador Liu: China attaches great importance on protecting wildlife. I don't know if you have noticed that recently the National People's Congress, that is the equivalent of the British Parliament, passed a regulation. It bans the illegal trade of wild lives, and also helps eliminate the unhealthy habit of eating wild lives. Some people ask about the lessons from Covid-19. This is one of the lessons. Since it's a special time and NPC is not in session now, but I believe it won't be long before this becomes law.　　

皇研所会员：我曾长期在非洲和中亚等“一带一路”沿线国家工作。为支持法国及联合国在萨赫勒地区反恐，英国政府向联合国驻马里维和部队派出军事力量。中国已多年参与相关维和行动并作出牺牲。你认为中英应如何在参与维和行动和打击极端恐怖势力上加强合作？

Chatham House member: I'm a Chatham House member. I had worked in Africa, Central Asia and Belt and Road countries. My question is the British government is going to provide significant support to France and the UN in the Sahel, by sending a significant number of troops to the UN mission in Mali. Chinese troops have been in that mission for some time. Some of them have died in the mission. Where do you see the role for bilateral and multilateral cooperation coming out of that mission, particularly but not exclusively against Jihadism? Thank you.　

刘大使：中国致力于联合国维和事业，是联合国第二大维和摊款国，也是安理会五大常任理事国中派出维和人员最多的国家。迄今已有20多名中方维和人员在参与行动中献出宝贵生命。中国将对开展全球维和合作保持开放态度。近年来，中英两军曾就如何从战乱地区联合撤侨举行室内推演。中国愿继续与包括英国在内的各方加强相关合作。

Ambassador Liu: China is the second largest contributor to the UN peacekeeping budget, and the largest contributor in terms of peace-keeping personnel among the permanent members of the UN Security Council. We are very committed to the UN peace-keeping mission. As you said, I think 20 Chinese peacekeepers laid down their lives for this noble mission. And we are also open in terms of working together with other countries. We do have some collaboration with countries like the UK. As a matter of fact, a few years ago, China and the UK had a joint military exercise on how to evacuate civilians in the conflict zones. We will continue to make contribution to UN peace-keeping missions.

伦敦大学亚非学院学生：刘大使表示中国愿与其他国家合作抗击疫情，但中国为何阻止台湾参与世界卫生组织合作？

SOAS Student: Good afternoon, thank you very much, Ambassador, for your talk. I am a student from SOAS. My question is about Taiwan. You said that you want to work with other countries to fight the virus, but why is the Chinese government opposing the participation of Taiwan in the WHO?　

刘大使：中国支持抗击疫情国际合作，但我们必须区分国与国之间合作以及地区之间合作。世界卫生组织是由主权国家组成的国际组织，台湾是中国的一部分，并非主权国家，不能参与世界卫生组织。这是国际公认的立场，也是英国政府承认的立场。英国政府在中英建交联合公报里承认台湾是中国的一个省。

Ambassador Liu: You need to make the distinction between collaboration and sovereign statehood. The WHO is an organization that only sovereign states can have representatives. It's an international organization of governments, an inter-governmental organization. Taiwan does not have a statehood and it's a part of China. That is internationally recognized. When the British Government established diplomatic relations with China in 1972, the UK Government recognized Taiwan as a province of China.　

台湾问题是历史遗留问题，实现国家的完全统一深植于中华民族的血脉之中，我们将坚定不移实现国家完全统一的目标。两岸和平统一是中华民族的共同愿望。邓小平先生提出“一国两制”伟大构想，初衷是为实现两岸和平统一。“一国两制”已成功解决香港问题和澳门问题，我们坚信两岸也能最终实现和平统一。

Taiwan has not returned to China yet, due to the legacy of the Civil War. It is very much in the DNA of the Chinese nation to realize the reunification of the country. We are working for peaceful reunification. Deng Xiaoping proposed a formula of One Country Two Systems for the solution of the reunification of Taiwan and the mainland. Of course, you know, this formula was successfully applied to Hong Kong and Macau first. We still believe this One Country, Two Systems formula could be applied to Taiwan.　

一些人企图利用疫情炒作世卫组织涉台问题，目的是将其政治化，我们对此坚决反对。中国政府高度重视台湾同胞福祉，第一时间向台湾地区通报疫情防控信息，邀请台湾专家到大陆实地考察。根据中方同世界卫生组织达成的安排，台湾地区医疗卫生专家可参与世卫组织技术性活动，台湾地区获取世卫组织发布的公共卫生信息、包括此次新冠肺炎疫情信息没有任何障碍。

The important thing is that some people try to take advantage of the virus outbreak for political purpose. They want to elevate Taiwan's status. So that is something we totally disagree with and reject. In fact we care more about the well being of the people in Taiwan. On the very first day, we shared information with the Taiwan people on the virus, and we invited Taiwan experts and doctors to come to the mainland for discussion. We facilitate all the communication, so there's no barriers or obstacles in terms of collaboration of the medical people cross the Strait.

皇研所会员：我正在参与一个中英气候风险评估计划项目。你如何看待中英关系“黄金时代”背景下双方在气候变化领域的合作？

Jiangwen from Chatham House: Currently, I'm leading a project on UK-China climate risk assessment. So, back to the question about the Golden Era, I'm very interested to hear your point of view on what kind of Golden Era would be in terms of the climate change cooperation between China and the UK? Thank you.

刘大使：正如我之前所说，COP15和COP26为中英加强气候变化合作提供了“黄金机遇”。尽管这两个会议有不同任务，中国举办的COP15侧重于生物多样性、野生动物保护和环境保护，英国举办的COP26侧重于气候变化，但是二者之间存在联系。约翰逊首相在宣布启动COP26筹备工作时，表示英国支持中国举办COP15，相信这两个会议之间存在紧密联系。中方愿与英方共同努力，加强COP15和COP26的相互支持，确保两次会议取得圆满成功。我认为这两次会议将成为中英关系“黄金时代”的两个重要“黄金成果”。

Ambassador Liu: As I said, COP 15 and COP 26 provide a golden opportunity for China and the United Kingdom to work together on this important agenda of climate change, though the two conferences have different mandates. The first one which is going to be held by China is more focused on bio-diversity, wild animal conservation and environment. COP26 is more focused on climate change. But there's a linkage between the two. I think when Prime Minister Johnson launched the preparation for COP26, he mentioned that the UK supported China in hosting COP15 and he also believed there was a strong linkage between the two conferences. We believe that China and the UK could work together and support each other to make the two conferences big successes. I think these two conferences will be two of the golden fruits in the "Golden Era".