国务院新闻办新闻局副局长、新闻发言人寿小丽:

  Shou Xiaoli:

女士们，先生们，大家上午好，欢迎出席国务院新闻办新闻发布会。今天我们进行经济数据例行发布。我们非常高兴邀请到国家统计局新闻发言人、国民经济综合统计司司长刘爱华女士，请她为大家介绍2021年一季度国民经济运行情况，并回答大家感兴趣的问题。

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Welcome to this press conference held by the State Council Information Office (SCIO). Today's press conference is a regular briefing on China's economic data. We are delighted to be joined by Ms. Liu Aihua, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and director general of the Department of Comprehensive Statistics of the NBS. Ms. Liu will introduce details concerning China's economic performance in the first quarter of 2021 and answer your questions.

下面，首先请刘爱华女士作介绍。

Now, let's give the floor to Ms. Liu.

国家统计局新闻发言人、国民经济综合统计司司长刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢主持人。我首先向大家通报一下一季度国民经济运行的主要情况，然后回答大家的提问。

Thank you. I'll start by briefing you all on China's economic performance in the first quarter of this year and then take your questions.

一季度国民经济开局良好。一季度，面对冬春疫情考验和外部环境的不确定性，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，巩固拓展疫情防控和经济社会发展成果，科学精准实施宏观政策，经济运行稳中加固、稳中向好，生产需求扩大，市场活力提升，就业物价稳定，民生保障有力，国民经济开局良好。

The national economy has seen a good start in the first quarter. Faced with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during winter and spring as well as uncertainties in the external environment, local authorities and government departments have all worked under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, faithfully implemented the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and consolidated and expanded the progress on epidemic prevention and control and socioeconomic development. Macro policies are being implemented in a scientific and targeted manner. As a result, China's national economy delivered a stable performance with a consolidated foundation and a good momentum of growth. The demand of production was expanded, market vitality improved, employment and consumer prices remained stable, and people's well-being was fully guaranteed. The national economy has seen a good start to the year.

初步核算，一季度国内生产总值249310亿元，按可比价格计算，同比增长18.3%，比2020年四季度环比增长0.6%；比2019年一季度增长10.3%，两年平均增长5.0%。分产业看，第一产业增加值11332亿元，同比增长8.1%，两年平均增长2.3%；第二产业增加值92623亿元，同比增长24.4%，两年平均增长6.0%；第三产业增加值145355亿元，同比增长15.6%，两年平均增长4.7%。一方面，一季度国内生产总值同比增长18.3%，受到上年较低基数、员工就地过年工作日有所增加等不可比因素影响；另一方面，一季度环比增长0.6%，两年平均增长5.0%，表明我国经济稳定恢复。

According to preliminary estimates, gross domestic product (GDP) in the first quarter reached 24,931.0 billion yuan, up by 18.3% year on year at comparable prices, or up by 0.6% compared with the fourth quarter of 2020 and 10.3% compared with the first quarter of 2019, with an average two-year growth of 5.0%. By industry, the value added of the primary industry was 1,133.2 billion yuan, up by 8.1% year on year, or an average two-year growth of 2.3%; that of the secondary industry was 9,262.3 billion yuan, up by 24.4% year on year, or an average two-year growth of 6.0%; and that of the tertiary industry was 14,535.5 billion yuan, up by 15.6% year on year, or an average two-year growth of 4.7%. On one hand, the year-on-year GDP growth of 18.3% in the first quarter was affected by such unique factors as the low base figure of last year and the increased working days due to staff staying put during the Spring Festival. On the other hand, the quarter-on-quarter growth of 0.6% in the first quarter, with the average two-year growth reaching 5.0%, demonstrated the steady recovery of the national economy.

一、 农业生产总体平稳，生猪产能显著恢复

First, the overall agricultural production was steady, and pig production recovered significantly.

一季度，农业（种植业）增加值同比增长3.3%，两年平均增长3.4%。目前，全国主要农区气候条件总体有利，春耕春播进展顺利，冬小麦总体长势略好于常年。一季度，猪牛羊禽肉产量2200万吨，同比增长21.4%，其中猪肉产量增长31.9%；牛奶产量增长8.5%，禽蛋产量下降2.1%。生猪产能显著恢复，一季度末，生猪存栏41595万头，同比增长29.5%，其中能繁殖母猪存栏4318万头，增长27.7%。

In the first quarter, the value added of agriculture (crop farming) witnessed a year-on-year increase of 3.3%, with an average two-year growth of 3.4%. With the current favorable climatic conditions in major farming areas, spring ploughing and sowing progressed well, and the winter wheat grew slightly better than average. In the first quarter, the output of pork, beef, mutton and poultry was 22 million metric tons, up by 21.4% year on year. Of this total, pork output was up by 31.9%, milk was up by 8.5% and eggs were down by 2.1%. Pig production recovered significantly. At the end of the first quarter, the number of pigs registered in stock was 415.95 million, up by 29.5% year on year, among which 43.18 million were breeding sows, up by 27.7%.

二、工业生产稳步回升，制造业增势良好

Second, industrial production rebounded steadily, and the manufacturing industry demonstrated strong growth.

一季度，全国规模以上工业增加值同比增长24.5%，环比增长2.01%；两年平均增长6.8%。其中，3月份规模以上工业增加值同比增长14.1%；环比增长0.60%。分经济类型看，一季度国有控股企业增加值同比增长16.9%；股份制企业同比增长23.7%，外商及港澳台商投资企业同比增长29.2%；私营企业同比增长29.7%。分三大门类看，采矿业增加值同比增长10.1%，两年平均增长4.0%；制造业同比增长27.3%，两年平均增长6.9%；电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业同比增长15.9%，两年平均增长4.8%。装备制造业和高技术制造业增加值同比分别增长39.9%、31.2%，两年平均分别增长9.7%、12.3%。从产品产量看，新能源汽车，工业机器人，挖掘、铲土运输机械，微型计算机设备，集成电路同比增速均超过60%,两年平均增速均超过19%。3月份，中国制造业采购经理指数为51.9%，连续13个月高于临界点；企业生产经营活动预期指数为58.5%。

The total value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size grew by 24.5% year on year in the first quarter of 2021, or up by 2.01% quarter on quarter, with an average two-year growth of 6.8%. Of this total, the total value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size in March increased by 14.1% year on year, up by 0.60% month on month. An analysis by type of ownership showed that in the first quarter, the value added of state holding enterprises was up by 16.9% year on year; that of share-holding enterprises was up by 23.7% year on year; that of enterprises funded by foreign investors or investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan was up by 29.2% year on year; and that of private enterprises was up by 29.7% year on year. In terms of sectors, the value added of mining increased by 10.1% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 4.0%; that of manufacturing increased by 27.3% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 6.9%; and the production and supply of electricity, thermal power, gas and water increased by 15.9% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 4.8%. The value added of equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing increased by 39.9% and 31.2% year on year, respectively, with average two-year growth of 9.7% and 12.3%, respectively. Specifically, the production of new-energy vehicles, industrial robots, excavating and shoveling machinery, microcomputers and integrated circuits all witnessed year-on-year growth of over 60%, with the average two-year growth exceeding 19%. In March, the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) stood at 51.9%, staying above the threshold for 13 months in a row; and the Production and Operation Expectation Index was 58.5%.

1-2月份，全国规模以上工业企业实现利润总额11140亿元，同比增长1.79倍，两年平均增长31.2%；规模以上工业企业营业收入利润率为6.60%，比2020年1-2月份提高3.15个百分点。

From January to February, profits from industrial enterprises above the designated size reached 1,114.0 billion yuan, 2.79 times that of the first two months of last year, or an average two-year growth of 31.2%; and the profit rate of the business revenue of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 6.60%, which was 3.15 percentage points higher than that of the first two months in 2020.

三、服务业恢复性增长，市场预期向好

Third, the service sector experienced restorative growth, and market expectations were positive.

一季度，服务业稳定恢复，其中交通运输、仓储和邮政业，房地产业增加值同比分别增长32.1%、21.4%，两年平均分别增长6.6%、6.8%。3月份，全国服务业生产指数同比增长25.3%，两年平均增长6.8%。1-2月份，规模以上服务业企业营业收入同比增长37.8%，两年平均增长10.0%，其中信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业，科学研究和技术服务业营业收入同比分别增长35.0%、47.8%，两年平均分别增长17.4%、11.5%。3月份，服务业商务活动指数为55.2%，比2月份回升4.4个百分点。其中铁路运输、航空运输、电信广播电视卫星传输服务、互联网软件及信息技术服务、货币金融服务等行业商务活动指数运行在60.0%以上高位景气水平；受年初局部疫情影响较大的住宿、租赁及商务服务、居民服务等行业商务活动指数回升至景气区间。从市场预期看，服务业业务活动预期指数为62.9%，连续两个月位于60.0%以上高位景气区间。

The first quarter witnessed a steady recovery of the service sector. Of this total, the value added of transportation, storage and postal services and that of real estate services grew by 32.1% and 21.4% year on year, respectively, with average two-year growth of 6.6% and 6.8%, respectively. In March, the Index of Services Production grew by 25.3% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 6.8%. In the first two months, business revenue of service enterprises above the designated size grew by 37.8% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 10.0%. Of this total, the business revenue of information transmission, software and information technology services and that of scientific research and technology services grew by 35.0% and 47.8% year on year, respectively, with average two-year growth of 17.4% and 11.5%, respectively. In March, the Business Activity Index for services stood at 55.2%, which was 4.4 percentage points higher than that in February. The Business Activity Index for railway transportation, air transportation, telecommunication, broadcast, television and satellite transmission services, software and information technology services, monetary and financial services stayed within the high expansion range of 60.0% and above; the Business Activity Index for accommodation, leasing and business services and resident services hit hard by the spread of COVID-19 in some areas at the beginning of the year rebounded to the expansion range. From the perspective of market expectations, the Business Activity Expectation Index for services stood at 62.9%, remaining within the high expansion range of 60.0% and above for two consecutive months.

四、市场销售逐步改善，网上零售快速增长

Fourth, market sales improved gradually, and online retail sales grew rapidly.

一季度，社会消费品零售总额105221亿元，同比增长33.9%，环比增长1.86%；两年平均增长4.2%。其中，3月份社会消费品零售总额35484亿元，同比增长34.2%，比1-2月份加快0.4个百分点，两年平均增长6.3%，环比增长1.75%。按经营单位所在地分，一季度城镇消费品零售额91345亿元，同比增长34.6%，两年平均增长4.3%；乡村消费品零售额13875亿元，同比增长29.4%，两年平均增长3.2%。按消费类型分，餐饮收入10596亿元，同比增长75.8%，两年平均下降1.0%；商品零售94625亿元，同比增长30.4%，两年平均增长4.8%。从商品类别看，一季度限额以上单位商品零售额中，18个商品类别同比增速均超过10%，其中体育娱乐用品类和通讯器材类商品同比分别增长45.2%、42.4%，两年平均分别增长17.4%、17.1%。全国网上零售额28093亿元，同比增长29.9%，两年平均增长13.5%。其中，实物商品网上零售额23067亿元，同比增长25.8%，两年平均增长15.4%；占社会消费品零售总额的比重为21.9%，比1-2月份提高1.2个百分点。

In the first quarter, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 10,522.1 billion yuan, up by 33.9% year on year, or up by 1.86% quarter on quarter, with an average two-year growth of 4.2%. Specifically, in March, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 3,548.4 billion yuan, up by 34.2% year on year, 0.4 percentage points higher than that in the first two months, with an average two-year growth of 6.3%, or up by 1.75% month on month. Analyzed by different areas, the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas reached 9,134.5 billion yuan, up by 34.6% year on year, or an average two-year growth of 4.3%; and that in rural areas rose by 29.4% year on year to 1,387.5 billion yuan, with an average two-year growth of 3.2%. Grouped by consumption patterns, the income of catering was 1,059.6 billion yuan, up by 75.8% year on year, or an average two-year decline of 1.0%; and the retail sales of goods was 9,462.5 billion yuan, up by 30.4% year on year, or an average two-year growth of 4.8%. Grouped by categories, for the retail sales of goods by enterprises above the designated size in the first quarter, the year-on-year growth rates of 18 categories of goods exceeded 10%. Specifically, the retail sales of sports and recreational goods and communication equipment grew by 45.2% and 42.4% year on year, respectively, with average two-year growth of 17.4% and 17.1%, respectively. Online retail sales reached 2,809.3 billion yuan, up by 29.9% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 13.5%. Specifically, the online retail sales of physical goods totaled 2,306.7 billion yuan, up by 25.8% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 15.4%, accounting for 21.9% of the total retail sales of consumer goods, which was 1.2 percentage points higher than that in the first two months of this year.

五、固定资产投资稳步恢复，高技术产业和社会领域投资增长较快

Fifth, fixed asset investment recovered steadily and investment in high-tech industries and social sectors grew quickly.

一季度，全国固定资产投资（不含农户）95994亿元，同比增长25.6%，环比增长2.06%；两年平均增长2.9%。其中3月份固定资产投资（不含农户）比上月环比增长1.51%。分领域看，一季度基础设施投资同比增长29.7%，两年平均增长2.3%；制造业投资同比增长29.8%，两年平均下降2.0%；房地产开发投资同比增长25.6%，两年平均增长7.6%。全国商品房销售面积36007万平方米，同比增长63.8%，两年平均增长9.9%；商品房销售额38378亿元，同比增长88.5%，两年平均增长19.1%。分产业看，第一产业投资同比增长45.9%，两年平均增长14.8%；第二产业投资同比增长27.8%，两年平均下降0.3%；第三产业投资同比增长24.1%，两年平均增长4.0%。民间投资同比增长26.0%，两年平均增长1.7%。高技术产业投资同比增长37.3%，两年平均增长9.9%；其中高技术制造业和高技术服务业投资同比分别增长41.6%、28.6%，两年平均分别增长10.7%、8.2%。高技术制造业中，医疗仪器设备及仪器仪表制造业、计算机及办公设备制造业投资同比分别增长50.0%、49.5%，两年平均分别增长9.1%、24.2%；高技术服务业中，检验检测服务业、研发设计服务业投资同比分别增长55.7%、48.2%，两年平均分别增长14.8%、21.5%。社会领域投资同比增长31.7%，两年平均增长9.6%；其中卫生、教育投资同比分别增长50.9%、27.0%，两年平均分别增长22.3%、10.4%。

In the first quarter, the investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households) reached 9.5994 trillion yuan, up by 25.6% over last year, or up by 2.06% quarter on quarter with an average two-year growth of 2.9%. In March, the investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households) grew by 1.51% month on month. Specifically, in the first quarter, the investment in infrastructure was up by 29.7% year on year, an average two-year growth of 2.3%; manufacturing was up by 29.8% year on year, an average two-year decrease of 2.0%; and real estate development was up by 25.6% year on year, an average two-year growth of 7.6%. The floor space of commercial buildings sold reached 360.07 million square meters, up by 63.8% year on year, an average two-year growth of 9.9%. The total sales of commercial buildings was 3.8378 trillion yuan, up by 88.5% year on year, an average two-year growth of 19.1%. By industry, investment in the primary industry increased 45.9% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 14.8%; in the secondary industry it was up by 27.8% year on year, with an average two-year decrease of 0.3%; and the tertiary industry grew by 24.1% year on year, an average two-year growth of 4.0%. Private investment went up by 26.0% year on year, an average two-year growth of 1.7%. Investment in high-tech industries grew by 37.3% year on year, an average two-year growth of 9.9%. Specifically, the investment in high-tech manufacturing and high-tech services grew by 41.6% and 28.6% year on year, respectively, with average two-year growth of 10.7% and 8.2%, respectively. In terms of high-tech manufacturing, investment in the manufacturing of medical equipment, measuring instruments and meters, and in the manufacturing of computers and office devices grew by 50.0% and 49.5% year on year, respectively, with average two-year growth of 9.1% and 24.2%, respectively. In terms of high-tech services, investment in testing services and in research, development and design services went up by 55.7% and 48.2% year on year, respectively, with average two-year growth of 14.8% and 21.5%, respectively. Investment in social sectors increased 31.7% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 9.6%. Specifically, investment in the health sector and education sector went up by 50.9% and 27.0% year on year, respectively, with average two-year growth of 22.3% and 10.4%, respectively.

六、货物进出口增势明显，贸易结构继续改善

Sixth, imports and exports of goods grew noticeably and the trade structure continued to improve.

一季度，货物进出口总额84687亿元，同比增长29.2%。出口46140亿元，同比增长38.7%；进口38547亿元，同比增长19.3%。进出口相抵，贸易顺差7593亿元。3月份，进出口总额30228亿元，同比增长24.0%。出口15554亿元，同比增长20.7%；进口14674亿元，同比增长27.7%。贸易结构继续优化。一季度，一般贸易进出口占进出口总额的比重为61.2%，比上年同期提高1.3个百分点。民营企业进出口占进出口总额的比重为46.7%，比上年同期提高4.4个百分点。

In the first quarter, the total value of imports and exports of goods was 8.4687 trillion yuan, an increase of 29.2% over the previous year. The total value of exports was 4.6140 trillion yuan, up by 38.7% year on year; and that of imports was 3.8547 trillion yuan, up by 19.3% year on year. The trade balance was 759.3 billion yuan in surplus. In March, the total value of imports and exports of goods was 3.0228 trillion yuan, up by 24.0% year on year. The total value of exports was 1.5554 trillion yuan, up by 20.7% year on year; and that of imports was 1.4674 trillion yuan, up by 27.7% year on year. The trade structure continued to improve. In the first quarter, the imports and exports of general trade accounted for 61.2% of the total value of imports and exports, 1.3 percentage points higher than the same period of the previous year. The imports and exports by private enterprises accounted for 46.7% of the total value of imports and exports, 4.4 percentage points higher than the same period during the previous year.

七、居民消费价格同比持平，工业生产者出厂价格同比上涨

Seventh, consumer prices maintained the same level year on year and producer prices for industrial products went up year on year.

一季度，全国居民消费价格同比持平。其中，3月份全国居民消费价格同比上涨0.4%，2月份下降0.2%；环比下降0.5%。一季度，城市下降0.1%，农村持平。分类别看，食品烟酒价格同比上涨0.6%，衣着下降0.2%，居住下降0.2%，生活用品及服务下降0.1%，交通通信下降1.4%，教育文化娱乐上涨0.3%，医疗保健上涨0.3%，其他用品及服务下降1.1%。在食品烟酒价格中，粮食价格上涨1.5%；鲜菜价格上涨4.8%；猪肉价格下降12.5%，其中3月份下降18.4%，降幅比2月份扩大3.5个百分点。一季度，扣除食品和能源价格后的核心CPI同比持平。

In the first quarter, consumer prices maintained the same level as the previous year. In March, consumer prices were up by 0.4% year on year, and down by 0.2% in February; or down by 0.5% month on month. In the first quarter, consumer prices fell by 0.1% in urban areas and maintained the same level in rural areas. Grouped by commodity categories, the prices of food, tobacco and alcohol went up by 0.6% year on year; clothing was down by 0.2%; housing was down by 0.2%; articles and services for daily use were down by 0.1%; transportation and communication fell by 1.4%; education, culture and recreation were up by 0.3%; medical services were up by 0.3%; and other articles and services were down by 1.1%. In terms of food, tobacco and alcohol prices, the price of grain went up by 1.5%, fresh vegetables were up by 4.8%, and pork was down by 12.5%, or down by 18.4% in March with a decline expanded by 3.5 percentage points compared with February. In the first quarter, the core CPI excluding the price of food and energy stayed the same as that of last year.

一季度，全国工业生产者出厂价格同比上涨2.1%。其中3月份同比上涨4.4%，涨幅比2月份扩大2.7个百分点，环比上涨1.6%。一季度，全国工业生产者购进价格同比上涨2.8%。其中3月份同比上涨5.2%，涨幅比2月份扩大2.8个百分点，环比上涨1.8%。

In the first quarter, the producer prices for industrial products went up by 2.1% year on year. Specifically, the prices in March went up by 4.4% year on year, 2.7 percentage points higher than the growth in February, or up by 1.6% month on month. In the first quarter, the purchasing prices for industrial products went up by 2.8%. Specifically, the prices in March went up by 5.2%, which was 2.8 percentage points higher than the growth in February, or up by 1.8% month on month.

八、城镇调查失业率下降，就业形势总体稳定

Eighth, the surveyed urban unemployment rate fell and employment remained generally stable.

一季度，全国城镇新增就业297万人。3月份，全国城镇调查失业率为5.3%，比2月份下降0.2个百分点，比上年同期下降0.6个百分点。本地户籍人口调查失业率为5.3%，外来户籍人口调查失业率为5.4%。16-24岁人口、25-59岁人口调查失业率分别为13.6%、4.8%。31个大城市城镇调查失业率为5.3%，比2月份下降0.2个百分点。3月份，全国企业就业人员周平均工作时间为46.9小时，比2月份增加0.6小时。一季度末，农村外出务工劳动力总量17405万人。

In the first quarter, the newly employed people in urban areas numbered 2.97 million. In March, the surveyed urban unemployment rate was 5.3%, down by 0.2 percentage points compared with February and 0.6 percentage points lower than the same period last year. The surveyed unemployment rate of population with local household registration was 5.3% and that of population with non-local household registration was 5.4%. Specifically, the surveyed unemployment rates of the population aged from 16-24 and from 25-29 were 13.6% and 4.8%, respectively. The surveyed urban unemployment rate in 31 major cities was 5.3%, 0.2 percentage points lower than that in February. In March, employees of enterprises worked 46.9 hours per week on average, up by 0.6 hours compared with February. At the end of the first quarter, the number of rural migrant workers totaled 174.05 million.

九、 居民收入继续增加，农村居民收入增长好于城镇居民收入

Ninth, residents' income continued to rise and the income growth of rural residents outpaced that of urban residents.

一季度，全国居民人均可支配收入9730元，同比名义增长13.7%，两年平均名义增长7.0%；扣除价格因素同比实际增长13.7%，两年平均增长4.5%。按常住地分，城镇居民人均可支配收入13120元，同比名义增长12.2%，实际增长12.3%；农村居民人均可支配收入5398元，同比名义增长16.3%，实际增长16.3%。从收入来源看，全国居民人均工资性收入、经营净收入、财产净收入、转移净收入同比分别名义增长12.4%、19.5%、17.0%、10.7%。城乡居民人均收入比值2.43，比上年同期缩小0.09。全国居民人均可支配收入中位数8014元，增长12.7%。

In the first quarter, the per capita disposable income of residents nationwide was 9,730 yuan, a nominal increase of 13.7% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 7.0%, or a real increase of 13.7% year on year after deducting price factors, with an average two-year growth of 4.5%. In terms of permanent residents, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 13,120 yuan, a nominal increase of 12.2% year on year and a real increase of 12.3%; and the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 5,398 yuan, a nominal increase of 16.3% year on year and a real increase of 16.3%. In terms of income source, nationwide per capita salary income, net operative income, net property income and net income from transfers saw year-on-year growth of 12.4%, 19.5%, 17.0% and 10.7% in nominal terms, respectively. The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 2.43 times that of rural households, 0.09 lower than the ratio of the same period last year. Median per capita disposable income nationwide was 8,014 yuan, an increase of 12.7%.

总的来看，一季度国民经济呈现持续稳定恢复态势。同时也要看到，全球疫情仍在蔓延，国际环境错综复杂，具有较强的不确定不稳定性；国内经济恢复的基础还不牢固，长期存在的结构性矛盾依然凸显，发展中又出现一些新情况新问题。下一步，要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，持续巩固“稳”的基础、积蓄“进”的力量、守住“保”的底线，保持宏观政策连续性稳定性可持续性，深化改革开放创新，保持经济运行在合理区间，扎实推动经济高质量发展。

Generally speaking, the national economy in the first quarter continued its stable recovery. However, we must be aware that the COVID-19 pandemic is still spreading globally and the international landscape is complicated with high uncertainties and instabilities. The foundation for the domestic economic recovery is also yet to be consolidated and the long-standing structural problems remain prominent with new situations and issues arising from development. In the next stage, we must follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and continue to consolidate the foundation of economic stability, to build strength for development and to guarantee basic security requirements. We should maintain the consistency, stability and sustainability of macro policies, deepen reform and opening-up and innovation, keep the economy performing within a reasonable range and promote the quality development of the economy in a solid manner.

基本情况就介绍到这里。谢谢。

That's all for my introduction. Thank you.

寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

谢谢爱华司长的介绍，下面进入提问环节。提问前请先通报一下所在的新闻机构。

Thank you, Ms. Liu for your introduction. The floor is now open for questions. Please identify the media organization you represent before asking your questions.

中央广播电视总台央视记者:

CCTV:

请问刘司长，从刚刚发布的数据里我们可以看到，一季度GDP实现了18.3%的高速增长，我想请问，是哪些因素促成了这种增速？对当前整个经济的运行情况，您认为应该如何理解？今年一季度也是“十四五”开局的第一个季度，对全年中国经济开局的表现，您作何评价？谢谢。

Ms. Liu, from the data that was just released, we can see that the GDP in the first quarter achieved rapid growth of 18.3%. I would like to ask, what factors contributed to this growth rate? How should we understand the current operation of the overall economy? The first quarter of this year is also the first quarter of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) period. What's your comment on China's economic performance for the start of the year? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。从刚才介绍的一季度主要指标的情况来看，可以说，今年一季度，面对冬春疫情考验和外部环境的不确定性，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展的成果得到了巩固和拓展。总体上看，我国经济持续稳定恢复，开局良好。它的特点主要体现在五个方面：

Thank you for your questions. Judging from the main indicators for the first quarter just introduced, it can be said that in this period, despite the tests the pandemic gave rise to in winter and spring and the uncertainties of the external environment, the outcomes we achieved in coordinating the pandemic prevention and control with economic and social development have been consolidated and expanded. On the whole, China's economy has continued to recover steadily, with a positive start. Its characteristics are mainly reflected in five aspects:

第一，生产需求持续改善。因为去年同期低基数和就地过年造成工作日增加，今年同比增速呈现出和往年不同的趋势。我们在判断经济形势时需要从多个角度进行判断。从同比的情况看，在市场需求逐步恢复、上年基数较低、就地过年等因素的共同作用下，主要指标都呈现了两位数的增长。一季度，国内生产总值同比增长了18.3%，规模以上工业增加值增长24.5%，社会消费品零售总额同比增长33.9%，固定资产投资（不含农户）增长25.6%，货物进出口总额增长29.2%。这些指标同比增速都是两位数。从季度环比看，主要指标继续保持增长，一季度规模以上工业增加值比上年四季度环比增长2.01%，社会消费品零售总额环比增长1.86%，固定资产投资环比增长2.06%。从两年平均的增速看，一季度国内生产总值两年平均增长5%，规模以上工业增加值两年平均增长6.8%，社会消费品零售总额两年平均增长4.2%，固定资产投资两年平均增长2.9%，货物进出口总额两年平均增速也接近10%。所以，综合这些指标来判断，可以说，总体经济处于稳定恢复的状态中。

First, production demand continues to improve. Because of the low base in the same period last year and the increase in working days as many people stayed put for the Spring Festival, this year's year-on-year growth rate has shown a different trend from previous years. We need to judge the economic situation from multiple angles. Judging from the year-on-year situation, due to the gradual recovery of market demand, the relatively low base of the previous year, and the stay-put celebrations, the main indicators showed double-digit growth. In the first quarter, the GDP increased by 18.3% year-on-year, as did the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size by 24.5%, the total retail sales of consumer goods by 33.9%, fixed asset investment (excluding rural households) by 25.6%, and total imports and exports of goods by 29.2%. The year-on-year growth rate of these indicators was all double-digit. From a quarter-on-quarter perspective, the main indicators continued to grow. In the first quarter, the value added by industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 2.01% from the fourth quarter of the previous year, the total retail sales of consumer goods by 1.86% from the previous quarter, and fixed asset investment by 2.06%. Looking at the average growth rate over the past two years, the GDP in the first quarter increased by an average of 5%, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size by an average of 6.8%, the total retail sales of consumer goods by an average of 4.2%, the investment in fixed assets by an average of 2.9%, and the average growth rate of the total amount of goods imported and exported was also close to 10%. Therefore, by combining these indicators, it can be said that the overall economy is in stable recovery.

第二，就业物价总体稳定。一季度全国城镇调查失业率平均为5.4%，同比下降0.4个百分点。其中3月份为5.3%，同比下降0.6个百分点。一季度全国城镇新增就业297万人，完成了全年预定目标任务的27%。从物价看，一季度居民消费价格同比持平，其中3月份由上月的下降0.2%转为上涨0.4%，涨势比较温和。

Second, employment and commodity prices are generally stable. In the first quarter, the surveyed unemployment rate in urban areas across the country averaged 5.4%, a year-on-year decrease of 0.4 percentage points. That includes an unemployment rate of 5.3% in March, down 0.6 percentage points year-on-year. In the first quarter, 2.97 million new jobs were created in urban areas across the country, fulfilling 27% of the annual target. In terms of commodity prices, consumer prices in the first quarter remained flat year-on-year. In March, a decline of 0.2% in the previous month turned to an increase of 0.4%, indicating a relatively moderate increase.

第三，新动能快速成长。一季度规模以上高技术制造业同比增长31.2%，两年平均增长12.3%。装备制造业增加值同比增长39.9%，两年平均增长9.7%。这两个增速都是快于全部规模以上工业整体增速的。高技术产业投资同比增长了37.3%，两年平均增长9.9%，快于全部投资7个百分点。智能低碳产品产量快速增长。一季度新能源汽车、工业机器人、微型计算机设备产量同比分别增长了3.1倍、1.1倍，73.6%，两年平均增速都超过两位数。新业态、新模式不断涌现，直播带货、在线诊疗、远程办公这些新模式发展向好，线上线下融合提速。一季度实物商品网上零售额同比增长25.8%，两年平均增长了15.4%，占社会消费品零售总额的比重为21.9%。

Third, we saw a rapid development of new growth drivers. In the first quarter, the high-tech manufacturing industry above designated size grew by 31.2% year-on-year, with an average increase of 12.3% over two years. The added value of the equipment manufacturing industry increased by 39.9% year-on-year, while the two-year average growth rate was 9.7%. These two growth rates are faster than the overall growth rate of all industries above designated size. Investment in the high-tech industry increased by 37.3% year-on-year, with an average growth rate of 9.9% over two years, which was 7 percentage points higher than the total investment. The output of smart low-carbon products has grown rapidly. In the first quarter, the output of new energy vehicles, industrial robots, and microcomputer equipment increased by 3.1 times, 1.1 times, and 73.6% respectively year-on-year, and the average growth rate over the two years exceeded double digits. New business forms and models continue to emerge. New models such as live-streaming e-commerce, online diagnosis and treatment, and telecommuting are developing well, and online and offline integration is speeding up. The online retail sales of physical goods in the first quarter increased by 25.8% year-on-year, with a two-year average increase of 15.4%, accounting for 21.9% of total consumer goods sales.

第四，质量效益稳步提高。首先看企业利润，1-2月份，规模以上工业企业利润总额同比增长1.79倍，两年平均增长31.2%；规模以上服务业企业扭亏为盈，实现利润总额达到了1690亿元，上年同期是亏损的。居民收入继续增加，一季度全国居民人均可支配收入同比实际增长13.7%，两年平均增长4.5%；农村居民收入增长快于城镇居民。单位GDP能耗继续下降，初步核算，一季度单位国内生产总值能耗同比下降了3.1%。

Fourth, quality and efficiency have been steadily improved. Let's first look at corporate profits. From January to February, the total profits for industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 1.79 times year-on-year, with an average increase of 31.2% over two years; service industry enterprises above designated size turned losses into profits, achieving a total profit of 169 billion yuan, compared to losing money in the same period last year. Residents' income continued to increase. In the first quarter, the national average per capita disposable income increased by 13.7% year-on-year in real terms, with a two-year average growth rate at 4.5%. Meanwhile, the income of rural residents grew faster than that of urban residents. Additionally, energy consumption per unit of GDP continued to decline, with preliminary calculations showing that energy consumption per unit of GDP in the first quarter fell by 3.1% year-on-year.

第五，市场预期稳中向好。3月份，中国制造业采购经理指数为51.9%，比上月上升1.3个百分点，连续13个月位于景气区间；非制造业商务活动指数为56.3%，上升4.9个百分点；综合PMI产出指数为55.3%，上升3.7个百分点。

Fifth, market expectations are stable and improving. In March, China's Manufacturing PMI was 51.9%, an increase of 1.3 percentage points from the previous month, and was within the boom range for 13 consecutive months; the non-manufacturing business activity index was 56.3%, an increase of 4.9 percentage points; the composite PMI output index was 55.3%, an increase of 3.7 percentage points.

从以上五个方面来看，今年一季度经济恢复的态势在持续，积极的因素在累积增多。我们同时也要看到，国际疫情仍在蔓延，国际环境依然复杂严峻，国内经济恢复的基础尚不牢固，部分服务业和小微企业生产经营还面临着比较多的困难。从这些方面来说，我们还是要继续按照中央经济工作会议和政府工作报告的部署，进一步加大对企业纾困的力度，保持宏观政策的连续性稳定性可持续性，推动经济稳定恢复。谢谢。

Judging from the above five aspects, we can see that the economic recovery in the first quarter of this year continued and that positive factors are accumulating. At the same time, we also understand that the international pandemic is still raging, the international environment is still complex and severe, the foundation for domestic economic recovery is not yet solid, and some service industries and small and micro-enterprises continue to face additional difficulties with their production and operations. In these aspects, we must continue to follow the deployments of the Central Economic Work Conference and the government work report to further increase the efforts to help enterprises out of difficulties; maintain continuity, stability, and sustainability of macroeconomic policies; and promote steady economic recovery. Thank you.

红星新闻记者:

Red Star News:

我的问题是，从一季度数据来看，消费领域恢复态势明显，您认为当前恢复的程度如何？哪些方面恢复仍然比较慢？未来如何继续扩大消费？谢谢。

My question is, judging from the statistics of the first quarter (Q1) of 2021, the consumption sector has rebounded significantly. What's your take on the recovery and in what areas has there been a relatively slow recovery? What measures will be taken to continue to expand consumption in the future? Thanks.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。从刚才公布的数据来看，一季度社会消费品零售总额同比增长33.9%，两年平均增长4.2%。从数据来看，今年以来，消费市场延续了上一年逐季恢复的态势，呈现恢复性较快增长。具体有三个方面的特点：

Thanks for your questions. Judging from the data released just now, the total retail of consumer goods surged by 33.9% year on year in Q1, with an average two-year growth of 4.2%. Data show that this year, the consumer market is riding the quarterly recovery momentum from last year, showing a rapid rate of recovery. The three characteristics are as follows:

第一，商品零售继续保持较快增长。一季度商品零售额同比增长30.4%，两年平均增长4.8%。其中，限额以上单位全部18个类别商品零售额增速均超过10%，其中体育娱乐用品类、通信器材类等8类商品零售额两年平均增速都超过10%。

First, the retail of goods maintained relatively rapid growth. Sales of goods grew by 30.4% year on year or average two-year growth of 4.8%. For sales of goods by enterprises above the designated size, the year-on-year growth rate in 18 categories of goods exceeded 10%. Specifically, sales of eight categories of goods, including sports, recreational, and communication equipment, increased by an average two-year growth rate of more than 10%.

第二，网上销售增势良好。一季度全国实物商品网上零售额两年平均增长15.4%，占社会消费品零售总额的比重比达到21.9%。

Second, online sales saw a growing momentum. In Q1, online sales of physical goods reported an average two-year growth of 15.4%, accounting for 21.9% of the total sales of consumer goods.

第三，餐饮、线下消费等前期受到制约的一些消费领域快速恢复。3月份，餐饮收入两年平均增长达到0.9%，也就是说，从2020年以来首次月度规模高于2019年同期。从线下消费看，一季度限额以上零售业实体店商品零售额同比增长42.2%，两年平均增长4.5%，比1-2月份加快0.4个百分点，说明线下消费也在快速恢复中。

Third, consumption sectors, such as the catering industry and offline consumption, which were buffered from recovery in the early stages, are now rebounding rapidly. In March, China's catering industry grew at an average two-year rate of 0.9%, which means that the monthly growth rate was higher than that of the same period in 2019 for the first time since 2020. Regarding offline consumption, sales of goods in physical retail shops above the designated size rose by 42.2% year on year in Q1, with an average two-year growth of 4.5%, 0.4 percentage points higher than that of the Jan-Feb period, showing a speedy recovery.

在刚刚过去的清明假期，旅游、观影居民消费需求比较旺盛。从出行看，有关部门统计表明，清明假期全国国内旅游出游人数达到1.02亿人次，恢复到疫情前同期的94.5%。4月2日-5日，全国铁路发送旅客人次比2020年同期增长225.8%，恢复至2019年的92.4%。从电影市场看，清明假期三天电影总票房突破8亿，刷新了历史同期票房最高纪录。

During the Tomb-Sweeping Day holiday, Chinese residents demonstrated a strong consumer demand for tourism and movies. Data from relevant departments shows that the total number of domestic trips topped 102 million during the holiday, recovering to 94.5% of the pre-COVID-19 level. From April 2 to 5, the number of railway passenger journeys rose by 225.8% compared with last year's Tomb-Sweeping Day holiday, recovering to 92.4% of 2019 levels. In the film market, China generated more than 800 million yuan in box office revenue during the three-day Tomb-Sweeping Day holiday, a record high in the same period compared to previous years.

从这些方面来看，不管是从商品零售额、线上销售情况，还是从前期大家都比较关注的恢复比较慢的餐饮、旅游出行，都呈现快速恢复的态势。同比增速因为受到上年同期基数的影响，增长是比较快的，因为上年一季度社会消费品零售总额下降了19%，在这样一个低基数的基础上，目前社会消费品零售总额表现出30%以上的比较高的增长。还有一方面，消费环境持续改善带来居民信心的增强；居民收入的回升带来消费能力稳步提升；扩内需促消费政策的带动，带来重要商品的销售保持增长，这都是推动一季度消费市场呈现快速恢复的原因。

From these numbers, we can see that there has been a rapid recovery in both online and offline sales of goods as well as in sectors such as catering and tourism, which had previously seen a relatively slow recovery and raised many concerns. Influenced by last year's base figures, the year-on-year growth was relatively rapid. With total sales of consumer goods dropping by 19% in Q1 of last year, on the basis of such a low base figure, sales of consumer goods registered a relatively fast growth rate of over 30%. There are also other contributing factors. The improved consumption environment boosted residents' confidence. Residents with an increased income demonstrated their strong consumption capacity. Favorable policies for expanding domestic demand and promoting consumption boosted the sale of major consumer goods. All of these are the reasons behind the rapid growth of the consumer market in Q1.

刚才您提到下一阶段消费市场可能会呈现什么样的恢复态势，总体上来看，从去年以来，消费市场经受住了疫情冲击的严峻考验，超大规模市场的优势明显，消费升级的态势也没有改变。从未来看，随着经济的稳步恢复，居民就业收入将继续改善，有利于进一步增强消费能力。我国应对疫情的能力提升，精准防控做得更加到位，也有利于消费环境的改善。扩内需促消费的政策效应也在不断显现，以国内大循环为主体，国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局加快构建，都有利于促进消费市场的稳定复苏。同时我们也要看到，现在外防输入、内防反弹的疫情防控压力仍然是比较大的，对居民消费信心仍有一定影响，所以要继续统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，健全城乡流通体系，为消费创造更加有利的条件，同时稳就业、增收入，落实落细相关政策，促进消费持续稳定复苏。谢谢。

You just asked about what future trends we're likely to see for the recovery of the consumer market. Generally speaking, since last year, the consumer market has stood the severe test of the pandemic. The advantages of a mega-scale market are obvious and the momentum of upgraded consumption has remained unchanged. In the future, as the economy recovers steadily and residents' income continues to increase, there will be a greater impetus for promoting consumption capacity. China enhanced its responses to COVID-19 and took more targeted measures for pandemic prevention and control, which were also helpful in improving the consumption environment. Policies for expanding domestic demand and promoting consumption are paying off. The building of a new "dual circulation" development pattern that allows the domestic and overseas markets to reinforce each other with the domestic market as the mainstay, is speeding up. All these will support the steady recovery of the consumer market. At the same time, we should notice that China is still facing pressure from imported cases as well as the resurgence of outbreaks at home, which may affect consumer confidence. So we need to continue to coordinate the work of pandemic prevention and control and the economic and social development and improve the urban-rural logistics system to offer more favorable conditions for consumption. We will also work to maintain stability in employment, increase people's income and ensure that relevant policies are implemented in detail to sustain the steady consumption recovery. Thanks.

深圳特区报记者:

Shenzhen Special Zone Daily and Dute News:

根据公布的数据，CPI在开年连续2月落入负区间后，3月同比指数首次转正，一季度全国居民消费价格与去年同期持平。有分析人士预计，未来一两个季度，通胀压力可能逐步加大，如何看全年的CPI走势？谢谢。

According to the statistics released, CPI growth was consistently negative during the first two months of this year, only becoming positive in March for the first time, and thus showed year-on-year flat growth in the first quarter. Analysts predicted that inflation would gradually grow in the next one or two quarters. What do you expect in terms of the CPI trend for the whole year? Thank you.  

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。就像您刚才说到的，从今年一季度总体的物价运行情况看，物价运行是比较稳定的，一季度居民消费价格和去年同期是持平的。3月当月，CPI从2月份的下降0.2%转为上涨0.4%，大家对物价的走势有一定关注。从总体上来讲，居民消费价格总体水平目前和去年同期持平，3月当月的0.4%也属于比较温和的上涨。从结构上来看，推动CPI转正的主要因素还在于非食品价格中的汽柴油价格的上涨。3月当月，汽油和柴油价格都出现了12%左右的同比上涨，主要是在这两个能源产品的拉动下，CPI当月的涨幅转正，呈现0.4%的上涨。从更多商品类别来看，包括食品在内的价格上涨都是比较温和的，甚至是下降的。刚才说到的食品价格3月份当月同比下降了0.7%。大家都比较关注的猪肉价格，当月下降了18.4%。

Thank you for your question. Just as you mentioned, the overall price levels in the first quarter were steady and the CPI showed flat year-on-year growth. The CPI shifted from a negative growth of 0.2% in February to positive growth of 0.4% in March. The trend of prices is of great concern among the public. Generally speaking, the CPI is currently flat year on year. The growth rate of 0.4% in March was also a mild one. Analyzed structurally, the main factor that led to the positive growth was the price increases of gasoline and diesel, which belong to non-food categories. In March, the prices of both gasoline and diesel increased by 12% year on year. Driven by the price rise of these two energy products, the growth rate of CPI in March turned positive and reached 0.4%. Looking at other commodity categories, price rises, including that of food, were all considered moderate and some prices even fell. Food prices in March declined by 0.7% year on year. As for the price of pork, which is of great concern, decreased by 18.4% in March.  

从未来看，对全年CPI走势怎么看？从具体类别来分析，首先是大家比较关注的工业消费品的价格走势。工业消费品价格3月同比上涨1%，大家非常关注后期走势，在工业消费品领域，工业产业体系比较完整，生产能力比较充足，宏观调控手段比较有效有力，所以从供需基本面来讲，工业消费品不存在大幅上涨的基础。其次从食品价格看，近两年推动食品价格上涨比较大的因素是猪肉价格，猪肉价格已经连续几个月都处于同比下降，同比下降了18.4%。目前，在各地保供稳价各项措施的作用下，生猪产能得到了显著恢复。生猪存栏在一季度末同比增长29.5%，生猪存栏连续六个季度都是环比增长，生猪产能恢复比较迅速。从这个角度来讲，猪肉价格持续下行的基础是有的。另外一方面，粮食价格最近也比较稳定。今年以来粮食生产形势比较好，冬小麦苗情是略好于往年水平的，从这方面来讲，粮食安全也是有保障的。所以，不管是从猪肉价格还是从粮食价格来看，CPI上涨的压力不大。第三看服务价格，目前服务业稳步恢复，不管是供给还是需求都处于恢复期，所以服务业价格随着后期供给需求的逐步恢复，可能会呈现温和上涨的态势。

Looking to the future, what do we forecast in terms of CPI trends for the whole year? First, from the perspective of specific categories, the public is more concerned about the prices of industrial consumer goods, which grew by 1% in March year on year. As for future trends, since we have complete industrial systems, sufficient manufacturing capacity, and effective and forceful macro-control measures in the field, the factors leading to soaring prices do not exist in terms of supply and demand. Second, regarding food prices, the price of pork has played a big role in propelling food price growth over the past two years. However, it has dropped year on year for several months consecutively, falling by 18.4% year on year. Currently, with the implementation of measures to guarantee supply and stabilize prices, our hog production capacity has recovered remarkably. The live hog stocks had grown by 29.5% year on year by the end of the first quarter, an increase of six quarters in a row, indicating a rapid recovery. From this perspective, the price of pork is showing a continuous downward trend. In addition, grain prices were also relatively stable with grain production enjoying a good start this year and winter wheat growing a little better than previous years. From this perspective, food security can be guaranteed. Therefore, whether it's from pork or grain prices, there is little pressure for CPI to grow. Third, as for service prices, since the service industry has recovered steadily both in supply and demand, the price too will restore gradually with the recovery of supply and demand and may show a moderate growth trend.

从这三个方面来看，不管是工业消费品价格，还是食品价格、服务价格这三个维度，全年CPI有望保持在一个温和的区间。谢谢。

Based on the above-mentioned three aspects, including the prices of industrial consumer goods, food, and service, the CPI through the whole year is expected to remain in a moderate range of growth. Thank you.

CNBC记者:

CNBC:

我有两个问题，第一，关于制造业投资同比增长了29.8%，两年平均下降2%。第一季度消费超过了预期，制造业的投资会不会对未来的经济发展、就业、消费有什么影响？背后有什么因素？第二，关于中国2030年排碳高峰的目标，为了实现这个目标，会不会对经济有什么影响？谢谢。

I have two questions. First, investment in the manufacturing industry during the first quarter increased by 29.8% year-on-year, registering an average two-year decrease of 2%, and consumption in the first quarter exceeded expectations. Will the manufacturing investments impact future economic growth, employment, and consumption, and what are the factors involved? Second, China has promised to strive for peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030. Will the economy be impacted to achieve this goal? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。第一个问题，你抓得非常准，我们在整体需求快速恢复过程中，确实有一些领域还没有恢复到疫情前的水平，包括制造业投资，两年平均下降2%，也就意味着目前制造业投资的水平相当于疫情前的96%左右，说明制造业投资还没有恢复到疫情前的水平。背后的因素是比较多的，一方面，说明企业的生产经营面临比较多的困难，仍然在恢复状态中，在投资信心上仍然有一定的顾虑。另一方面，对整体的市场也在观察之中，有利于制造业投资恢复的因素也在慢慢累积和增加，比如1-2月份规模以上工业企业的利润同比大幅增长，增长了1.79倍，两年平均增长达到了31.2%。可以说，企业的效益在提升。

Thank you for your questions. Your first question is a very targeted one. In the process of rapid recovery of overall demand, there are indeed areas that have yet to return to pre-epidemic levels, including investments in the manufacturing sector. An average two-year drop of 2% means that current manufacturing investments are about 96% of before the COVID-19 epidemic and that manufacturing investments haven't returned to pre-epidemic levels. There are many factors involved. On the one hand, this shows that enterprises are facing some difficulties in production and management. They are still recovering and have some concerns regarding investment. On the other hand, enterprises are also observing the overall market, and the factors conducive to the recovery of manufacturing investments are slowly accumulating and increasing. For example, profits for industrial enterprises of designated size in January and February increased by 1.79 times, a significant growth year-on-year, and the average two-year growth reached 31.2%. It can be said that enterprise profits are improving.

刚才说到我们目前处于“十四五”规划的第一年，一些重大的工程项目都在安排之中，民营企业现在有越来越多的机会参与。在“两新一重”、传统产业改造、新兴产业的提升上，都有大量的投资空间。所以我想，随着经济整体恢复的推进，随着企业效益的好转，企业的信心会慢慢得到增强，制造业提升的空间还是很大的，从未来讲，我们对制造业投资的恢复还是很有信心的。

This year marks the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025), and some major projects are being arranged, providing private enterprises with more and more opportunities to participate. There are many investment opportunities in terms of new infrastructure and new urbanization initiatives and major projects, the transformation of traditional industries, and the upgrading of emerging industries. Therefore, I think, with the overall recovery of the economy and improvement in enterprises' profits, the confidence of enterprises will slowly be enhanced and the room for upgrading of the manufacturing industry remains large. We are still very confident in the recovery of manufacturing investments in the future.

第二个问题，关于碳达峰的影响。总体上看，到2030年达成碳达峰，展示了我们绿色发展的信心。碳达峰必然会推进能源生产、能源消费向着清洁低碳的方向转变，现在还在路上。从今年一季度看，单位GDP能耗下降3.1%，说明我们在这方面已经采取行动，对经济绿色发展是非常有好处的。谢谢。

Your second question is about the impact of peak carbon dioxide emissions. In general, promising to strive for peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 indicates our confidence in green development. Peaking carbon dioxide emissions will certainly promote energy production and consumption toward clean and low-carbon development, and we are working towards it. Energy consumption per unit GDP decreased by 3.1% in the first quarter, suggesting that we have taken the correct actions in this regard, which is very beneficial to the green development of the economy. Thank you.

香港紫荆杂志记者:

Hong Kong Bauhinia Magazine:

世界货币基金组织最近上调了对中国全年经济增速的预期，预计中国经济将增长8.4%，请问统计局如何展望我国全年的经济走势？谢谢。

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently raised its economic growth projection for China in 2021, predicting that its economy will grow by 8.4%. What is the NBS' expectation for China's economic outlook of this year? Thank you.  

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。刚才您提到最近国际货币基金组织对2021年全年的经济增速进行了修订，把中国全年的经济增速提高到了8.4%，预测结果的调整也显示了国际社会对中国全年经济发展的信心和期望。从我们的角度看，全年经济有望保持稳中加固、稳中向好的态势。主要从三方面看：

Thank you for your question. The IMF upgraded its growth projection for China in 2021, lifting its economic growth to 8.4%, which shows the confidence and expectation of the international community for China's economic development throughout the year. As far as we are concerned, the economy is expected to maintain a consolidated and positive momentum for steady growth, which can be seen in the following three aspects:

第一，内生动力在持续增强。首先，消费在居民收入增加、消费环境改善、政策效应释放这些因素的推动下稳步回暖。3月份社会消费品零售总额同比增长34.2%，比1-2月份加快了0.4个百分点。其中，前期受到制约的住宿餐饮等行业正在逐步改善，3月份当月餐饮收入首次高于2019年同期，已经恢复到疫情前的水平。其次，从投资来看，投资结构不断优化。一季度高技术投资和社会领域投资两年平均分别增长9.9%和9.6%，都接近10%，都是快于总体，速度确实不慢。下阶段，随着政策、项目、资金等各项要素支持的逐步落地，投资有望保持稳步恢复的态势。3月份还有一个新情况，就是进口的增长在加快，3月份当月进口同比增长27.7%，是今年以来首次高于出口增速，这也说明内需恢复势头是在不断巩固增强的。

First, internal driving forces have been strengthening. Consumption has been improving steadily due to increased personal incomes, improvement in the consumption environment, and implementation of policies. In March, the total sales of social consumer goods increased by 34.2% year on year, 0.4 percentage points higher than that of January and February. The hotel and catering industries, which were affected earlier, have been gradually recovering. March revenue in the catering industry was, for the first time, higher than the level of the same period in 2019, returning to pre-pandemic levels. Moreover, the composition of investment witnessed a continuous improvement in the first quarter, with the average investment in the high-tech industry and the social domain in the past two years up 9.9% and 9.6% respectively. Growth rates in both were close to 10%, higher than the overall investment growth. Such growth was actually not insignificant. Going forward with facilitating factors such as policies, programs, and funding are gradually put in place or implemented, investment is expected to maintain a steady recovery. Additionally, the growth of imports also accelerated in March, jumping 27.7% year on year, a figure that is higher than the growth of exports for the first time this year. This reflects a strong and consolidated recovery of domestic demand.

第二，供给的质量在持续提升。产业结构转型在持续推进，刚才介绍的数据中，高技术产业生产和投资都是高于平均增速的；产能利用率在不断提高，一季度全国工业产能利用率达到了77.2%，比上年同期提高了9.9个百分点，而且77.2%的水平也是2013年以来同期的最高值。服务业稳步恢复，一季度服务业增加值占国内生产总值的比重达到58.3%，高于第二产业21.1个百分点。服务业对经济增长的贡献率达到了50.9%，继续发挥着增长主动力的作用。其中，先进服务业包括信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业，两年平均增长达到了17.1%。

Second, supply quality has been improving. Industrial restructuring has been on the rise. According to recently released data, both production and investment in the high-tech industry witnessed a faster growth than average. Additionally, the capacity utilization rate has been increasing, with the national industrial capacity utilization rate reaching 77.2% in the first quarter, up 9.9 percentage points year on year and the highest level in the same period since 2013. The service industry has also seen a steady recovery. The ratio of the added value in the service sector in GDP hit 58.3% in the first quarter, 21.1 percentage points higher than that of the secondary industry. The contribution rate in the service sector in terms of economic growth reached 50.9% and it continued to play its role as the major driving force for growth. Cutting edge services, including information transmission, software and information technology services, grew by 17.1% in the past two years.

第三，市场的活力在持续释放。今年以来，宏观政策继续为市场主体纾困，保持必要的支持力度。优化和落实减税政策，帮助市场主体恢复元气、增强活力。市场主体快速增长，日均新设市场主体都呈现了两位数增长。企业预期也是稳中向好。3月份，制造业企业生产经营活动的预期指数、非制造业企业的业务活动预期指数都在60%上下，都保持了比较高的水平。

Third, market vitality has been unleashed. Macro-policies have been put in place and continue to provide market entities with relief and necessary support. We have improved and implemented tax reduction policies in a bid to help market entities recover and energize them. The number of market entities has seen a rapid increase, with double-digit growth in market entities estblished daily. Enterprise projection has witnessed a good momentum of steady growth. In March, the manufacturing production and business activities expectation index and the non-manufacturing business activities expectation index were both around 60%, maintaining relatively high levels.

从这三个方面看，不管是从经济内生动力、供给的质量，还是从我们关注的市场主体的活力来讲，这三方面因素都在改善加强之中。这些领域的恢复态势和中国经济长期拥有的物质基础雄厚、产业体系完整、人力资源丰富等长期优势结合在一起，可以很好将供需两方面因素结合在一起，同时注重为微观主体纾困，所有因素综合在一起，我们对全年经济保持目前的恢复态势是充满信心的，我觉得全年的稳中加固、稳中向好的态势是有基础有条件的。

The above three aspects, whether in terms of the internal driving forces of the economy, the quality of supply, or market entities that we're concerned about, have all been improving and enhancing. The recovery in these aspects, together with a solid material foundation, complete industrial system, and abundant human resources, all of which are advantages that China has maintained for a long period, will synergize demand and supply, and provide micro-entities with relief. Overall, we are confident that our economic recovery will maintain the current momentum throughout the year, and I think we have the foundation and conditions to achieve a consolidated and positive momentum for steady growth.

刚才我们一再提到目前全球的疫情，经济环境仍然存在比较强的不确定不稳定性，我们对这些方面的因素也要保持清醒，国内恢复的基础还不太牢固，部分服务业、小微企业增长仍然偏慢。面对经济恢复中的新情况新问题，我们还是要按照政府工作报告的部署，持续巩固“稳”的基础，积蓄“进”的力量，守住“保”的底线，促进全年经济运行保持在合理区间。谢谢。

Due to the pandemic, as we mentioned earlier, the economic environment is still facing uncertainties and instabilities. We have to be aware of such circumstances, as the foundation for domestic recovery is still yet to solidify and the growth of some enterprises in the service sector as well as among small and micro-businesses remains slow. In the wake of the new situation and problems in economic recovery, we will continue to follow the deployments in the government work report, as well as continue to consolidate the foundation for steady growth, ramp up efforts to achieve progress, and maintain the bottom line for ensuring economic growth to keep economic performance within the proper range throughout the year.

Thank you.

每日经济新闻记者:

National Business Daily:

目前还没有发布第七次全国人口普查结果，请问预计何时对外发布？谢谢。

Data for the seventh nationwide population census has not yet been released. When will it be available to the public? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你对人口普查工作的关心。目前社会各界对第七次全国人口普查结果都非常关注，我们也希望让大家在第一时间获取更多关于人口普查的数据。为了给大家提供更多的资料，第七次全国人口普查准备在第六次全国人口普查发布信息的基础上，增加发布更多更细的信息，同时大幅增加普查公报数量。为此，人口普查发布前的准备工作也相应有所增加，下一步我们会加快工作进度，力争早日向社会公布人口普查的最终结果。谢谢。

Thank you for your attention to the population census. At present, all sectors of society are very concerned about the results of the seventh national census, and we also hope that everyone will receive new data about the country's population as soon as possible. This year, we will add more detailed information based on the sixth national census while significantly increasing the number of census bulletins to offer more details to the public. Therefore, we will make efforts to expedite the release of the final data.

封面新闻记者:

Cover News:

我有两个问题。第一，猪肉价格问题。近日多地猪肉价格重新回到了十几元的时代，请问统计局对于未来一段时期猪肉价格走势有何预测？很多消费者期待的“猪肉自由”能否持续？第二，请问发言人如何看待今年一季度全国就业的情况，今年高校毕业生将突破900万人，目前这部分群体的就业情况如何？谢谢。

I have two questions. The first is regarding the price of pork. What are your estimations for the future trends of pork prices following the recent dive in prices, which fell back to a dozen yuan for half a kilo? Will the price remain stable as many consumers wish? The second question is about the nationwide employment situation during the first quarter of 2021. More than 9 million students will graduate from colleges this year. What are the employment prospects for them? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。第一，关于猪肉价格走势，这个问题我前面已经涉及到。从目前掌握的情况看，在一系列保供稳价的措施作用下，生猪产能得到了显著恢复。今年一季度，生猪存栏同比增长了29.5%，连续六个季度环比增加。在生猪产能恢复的作用下，个别地区猪肉价格回落比较多，从全国居民消费价格来看，3月份当月猪肉价格同比下降18.4%，环比也是下降的。综合生产、供应改善的情况来看，猪肉价格进一步回落是有基础的。

Thank you for your questions. First, I talked about the price of pork just now. According to the current situation, pig production in China has recovered thanks to a series of supporting measures to stabilize supplies and price. In the first quarter, pig stocks grew 29.5% year on year and kept rising for six consecutive quarters. Large price drops were seen in some regions due to the recovery of pig production. CPI shows that the prices fell 18.4% year on year in March and also decreased month on month. The price will continue to fall as the pork production and supply situation continues to improve.

第二个问题，就业形势问题。从今年以来，就业形势总体稳定。一季度，城镇调查失业率平均5.4%，比去年同期下降0.4个百分点。3月份当月，城镇调查失业率5.3%，同比下降0.6个百分点。从调查失业率数据来判断的话，目前就业形势是比较稳定的。像您刚才说到的，今年全年的就业总量压力还是比较大的，同时在经济恢复的过程中，结构性矛盾也有所显现。

Your second question regards employment, which is so far generally stable this year. In the first quarter, the surveyed average urban unemployment rate was 5.4%, a decrease of 0.4 percentage point year on year, while the rate for March was 5.3%, falling by 0.6 percentage point year on year. Judging from current unemployment rate data, the current employment status is relatively stable. But just as you said, the overall employment pressure is relatively high this year, and structural imbalance is gradually becoming apparent in the process of economic recovery.

首先是总量压力仍然存在。一季度农村外出务工劳动力数量1.7亿多人，比2019年同期减少了246万人。可以看到，因为部分服务业，尤其是中小型企业生产经营面临比较多的困难，仍然处于恢复元气的过程中，所以对就业的需求有所影响，间接带来农民工外出就业的数量还没有回到疫情前的水平。3月份16-24岁年轻人的调查失业率是13.6%，比上年同期上升，说明年轻人就业还面临一定的困难。这可能和春节节后大量年轻人进入劳动力市场，带来摩擦性的失业有关系，一定程度上可能也反映了就业市场在趋于活跃。但年轻人就业问题的解决还需要一段时间的消化，这方面总量的压力确实是存在的。

First, the total pressure still exists. The rural migrant labor population reached more than 170 million in the first quarter, 2.46 million fewer than in the same period in 2019. It can be understood that some enterprises in the service sector, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, are facing more difficulties in production and operations, and are still in the process of recovery. Therefore, the demand for jobs is being directly affected and is indirectly causing the number of migrant workers in urban areas to be lower than before the pandemic. The surveyed unemployment rate for young people aged between 16 and 24 was 13.6% in March, up from a year earlier, indicating that young people still face challenges in employment. This may be because of the large number of young people pouring into the labor market after the Spring Festival and causing frictional unemployment. To some extent, it also signal that the job market is reviving. However, we need time to solve this problem and the job market pressure does indeed remain.

另外，结构性矛盾也同时存在。我们在调研过程中了解到，沿海的工业和外贸大省，很多企业普遍反映存在招工难的问题。我们最近做的一项包括9万多家规模以上工业企业的调查显示，约44%的企业反映招工难是他们面临的最大问题，这个比例也是近几年来的新高。在一些调研中，很多企业反映，一线的普工难招，高技能人才难招，技术工人难招，这些在经济恢复的过程中也已经开始出现。

Furthermore, structural issues have also existed. We have learned through the investigation and research process that many enterprises in coastal industrial provinces and major foreign trade provinces report difficulties in recruiting workers. We recently conducted a survey of over 90,000 industrial enterprises above designated size, which showed that approximately 44% of these enterprises reported recruitment difficulties being the biggest problem they face and that this has reached the highest percentage in recent years. During several investigations, many enterprises reported that it is difficult to recruit ordinary workers, skilled workers, and highly-skilled workers on the frontline. These issues have started to appear during the economic recovery.

所以就业的总量压力、结构压力同时存在。下一阶段，随着经济持续恢复，我们要继续强化就业优先的政策，加大对就业困难群体的帮扶，通过保障就业服务，拓展市场化、社会化的就业渠道，逐步解决就业领域面临的问题。

Therefore, the pressure on both the total amount and the structure of employment exists simultaneously. For the next step, as the economy continues to recover, we will continue to strengthen policies that prioritize employment and increase assistance to groups who have difficulties finding jobs. We will also gradually solve the problems faced by the employment sector by using employment guarantee services and by expanding market-oriented and socialized recruitment channels.

总的来说，目前就业形势总体还是比较稳定的，随着经济总体的恢复，就业需求的增加、就业市场全年保持总体稳定的态势还是有条件的。谢谢。

In general, the current employment situation is generally stable. With the overall recovery of the economy, there are still some conditions that need to be met to maintain both the increase of employment demand and the overall stability of the job market throughout the year. Thank you.

中央广播电视总台央广记者:

China National Radio (CNR):

我们注意到，一季度商品房销售额是38378亿元，同比增长88.5%，结合今天公布的3月70个大中城市的房价数据，同比整体也在继续上涨，您如何评价楼市现状？这种上涨对国民经济来说有哪些影响？谢谢。

We noticed that in the first quarter, the total sales of commercial buildings amounted to 3,837.8 billion yuan, up by 88.5% year on year. When coupled with the data released today regarding housing prices in March across 70 large and medium-sized Chinese cities, the overall year-on-year increase also continued. How do you evaluate the current property market situation? What impacts will this increase have on the national economy?

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。今年房地产不管是投资还是销售，这些指标同样受到了去年同期基数的影响，大部分指标目前呈现两位数增长。各地区各部门今年以来紧盯新情况新问题，进一步坚持“房子是用来住的，不是用来炒的“原则，以稳地价、稳房价、稳预期为目标，及时采取了一系列有力有效的措施。

Thank you for your question. Regardless of whether it is investment in or sales of real estate this year, these indicators have been affected by the base figures of the same period last year, and most of the indicators are currently showing double-digit growth. Since the beginning of this year, various regions and departments have been closely following the new situation and new problems, and further adhered to the principle of "houses are used for living, not for speculation." With the goal of stabilizing land prices, housing prices, and expectations, a series of powerful and effective measures have been introduced in a timely manner.

下一步，随着保障性租赁住房建设力度的加大，长租房市场发展逐步规范，多主体供应、多渠道保障、租售并举的房地产市场供给新格局将逐步形成，有利于促进全年房地产市场的平稳健康发展。谢谢。

For the next step, with the increase in the construction of affordable rental housing, the development of the long-term rental housing market will gradually be standardized. A new supply pattern for the real estate market with multi-subject supply, multi-channel guarantee, and simultaneous rental and sales will then gradually take shape, which is conducive to promoting a steady and healthy development of the real estate market throughout the year. Thank you.

21世纪经济报道记者:

21st Century Business Herald:

市场比较关注大宗商品涨价的问题，请问发言人，大宗商品价格未来的走势如何？中国提出要加强原材料市场调控，未来可能会采取什么样的方式来调节？谢谢。

The market has become more concerned with increasing commodity prices. What is the future trend for commodity prices? China has proposed enhancing regulation of the raw material market. What methods might be adopted in the future? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。近一个时期，在全球流动性宽松、市场需求有所复苏、供给短期又比较短缺等各种因素的推动下，国际大宗商品价格确实出现了一波上涨。从相关国际组织的数据来看，一季度国际能源平均价格环比上涨了35.3%，非能源价格平均价格环比上涨了11.8%，涨幅达到了近年来的相对高位。

Thank you for your question. Recently, under the impetus of various factors such as loose global liquidity, a recovery in market demand, and short-term supply shortages, and so on, there has been a surge in international commodity prices. According to the data from relevant international organizations, during the first quarter, average international energy prices rose by 35.3% from the previous quarter, while the average non-energy price rose by 11.8%, reaching a relatively high level in recent years.

从我国近期的价格走势来看，部分原材料价格也呈现了上涨态势。PPI3月同比涨幅达到4.4%，在之前接近一年半持续下降后，今年1月份改变了这种趋势。PPI在1、2、3月份同比都是上涨的，其中1月份上涨0.3%，2月份上涨1.7%，3月份上涨4.4%。3月份推动PPI上涨4.4%的主要因素是石油相关的产业和金属相关的产业。其中，石油相关的产业平均价格同比上涨了11.1%，金属相关的行业上涨了17.6%。从总体上来讲，PPI本身还属于结构性上涨，主要是生产资料价格上涨带来的。生产资料3月同比上涨了5.8%。生活资料价格方面还比较平稳，当月同比上涨了0.1%。

If we look at the recent price changes, we can see that the prices of some raw materials are growing. PPI grew by 0.3%, 1.7%, and 4.4% year-on-year in January, February, and March, respectively, reversing the previous downward trend lasted for nearly one and a half years. A 4.4% year-on-year increase in March was mainly driven by sectors related to oil and metal, with average prices in the oil and metal-related sectors growing by 11.1% and 17.6% year on year respectively. Generally speaking, the structural increase in PPI is mainly driven by the growing prices of means of production, as their average price went up by 5.8% year on year in March. The price for the means of subsistence in March was stable, up 0.1% year-on-year.

现在中国经济深度融入全球经济，国际大宗商品价格的上涨可能会从贸易投资各方面不同的渠道，对国内一些行业的价格造成影响。但是，从目前PPI上涨的结构性特征来看，主要还是影响了一些上游的行业，对下游行业的影响目前还没有显现出来。判断全年价格走势，供需关系是决定价格最根本的要素。从目前的情况来看，供给在经济恢复的大势下，供给的质量、供给的能力都是在逐步改善的；从需求来看，目前仍然处于恢复过程中。从这些方面来看，国内上游产品的价格不具备长期上涨的基础。谢谢。

As China integrates deeper into the global economy, the price increase of international commodities may have an impact on the prices of some domestic sectors via trade and investment channels. However, judging from the structural features of the current PPI increase, the impact will mainly affect some upstream industries. The influence on downstream industries is yet to be seen. The relationship between supply and demand is the most fundamental element for price changes. Under the current circumstances with the ongoing economic recovery, the quality and capacity of supply are gradually improving, while demand is still recovering. Seen from these aspects, the prices of China's upstream products have no foundation for long-term growth. Thank you.

中国财经报记者:

China Financial and Economic News:

近年来，我国围绕为市场主体减负，从各方面作出了巨大努力。李克强总理指出，去年我国经济能够实现正增长，能够实现就业目标，市场主体是很大的支撑。今年以来，我们又继续采取了多项措施服务市场主体，您认为市场主体增强活力，对于提升一季度数据的亮丽表现作出了哪些突出贡献，怎么看待两者之间的关系？谢谢。

In recent years, China has made significant efforts to relieve the pressure of market entities. As Premier Li Keqiang said, market entities have provided much support in sustaining positive growth in the domestic economy as well as to meet employment goals in the last year. This year, China continues to adopt multiple measures to serve market entities. What are the major contributions made by vigorous market entities to the stellar economic performance in Q1? How do you see the relationship between the market entities and the country's economic performance? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。市场主体是我们市场经济的基础。去年以来，宏观政策围绕市场主体所需，采取了大量的减税降费纾困政策，这些政策为保市场主体发挥了非常明显的成效。从今年的数据来看，一是总体宏观经济呈现出了稳定恢复的态势，这和微观主体的努力是分不开的。二是从企业的角度来看，企业的生产经营状况好转，信心不断增强。刚才说到的很多数据，包括工业里面的一些中小微企业的生产经营状况，都反映了这种事实。未来看，今年政府工作中提到要继续为市场主体纾困，保持宏观政策的连续性、稳定性和可持续性，不急转弯，都表达了这样一种态度，目前对市场主体的支持力度不能减，要继续帮助市场主体恢复元气。我想不光对宏观经济有好处，对促进更高质量、更高水平的就业都会有非常大的作用。

Thank you for your questions. Market entities are the foundation of the market economy. Since last year, China has adopted many macro policies to cut taxes and fees to alleviate the difficulties of market entities and meet their demands. Those policies have been very effective in protecting market entities. From this year's statistics, we can see that the macro-economy is generally recovering and stabilizing, which is supported by the efforts of market entities at the micro-level. Moreover, as production and operations improve, businesses are gaining confidence. We can see this from the many statistics mentioned above, including the production and operations of some micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). In this year's government work report, China says it will continue to alleviate the difficulties of market entities; ensure continuity, consistency, and sustainability of macro policies; and avoid sharp turns in policy. This shows that China will maintain necessary policy support for market entities to recover. I believe that policy support will not only benefit the macro-economy but also promote higher quality and a higher level of employment.

目前中小微市场主体生产经营状况在趋于好转，而且信心也在增强，3月份PMI中小型企业的采购经理指数重新回到了景气区间以上，代表了市场主体信心的增强。在宏观政策继续纾困的努力下，在市场主体自身韧性的支撑下，全年市场主体生产经营状况将会越来越好。谢谢。

MSMEs are now seeing better performance in their production and operations. They have also shown stronger confidence. In March, the PMI of small and medium enterprises had returned above the threshold, demonstrating stronger confidence among market entities. As macro policies continue to alleviate their difficulties, market entities, which are supported by their strong resilience, are bound to enjoy better production and operations this year. Thank you.

寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

谢谢爱华司长，也谢谢各位记者朋友们，今天的新闻发布会就到这里，大家再见。

Thank you, Ms. Liu, and friends from the media. This is the end of today's press conference. Goodbye.