一份出色的答卷

An Impressive Scorecard

——外交部副部长谢锋在同北美洲、大洋洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区驻华使节集体交流活动上的致辞

– Remarks by Vice Foreign Minister Xie Feng at an Exchange with Diplomatic Envoys from North America, Oceania, Latin America and the Caribbean Before the CPC’s 100th Anniversary

2021年6月12日，北京

Beijing, 12 June 2021

各位使节和夫人：

Excellencies,

时隔六年半，我很高兴回到北京和在座各位朋友共事。我一直想着尽快和大家见面，但由于疫情和日程原因未能如愿。今天是端午节，我和夫人以及外交部同事们很高兴和大家相聚钓鱼台国宾馆。一方面是转达王毅国务委员兼外长和外交部对大家的问候，表达我个人对大家的敬意，代表我的同事们重申将为大家履职提供支持和帮助。另一方面是一起过节，包粽子、品尝粽子，体验中国传统文化。我想问一个问题，大家知道中国什么地方的粽子最出名？对，是嘉兴！除了粽子，嘉兴在中国近现代史上还发挥过什么特殊作用？中国共产党就诞生在嘉兴南湖红船上，那是1921年7月。光阴荏苒，再过半个多月，我们将迎来中国共产党成立一百周年，我愿借今天这个机会就中国共产党从哪里来、过去一百年交出了一份怎样的答卷、成功的“密码”是什么、未来将往哪里去同大家简要交流。

It’s nice to be back in Beijing after six and a half years. It’s such a pleasure to meet with all the friends present today. I’ve hoped to have this meeting first thing I get settled. Yet COVID-19 and the busy schedule have kept us from gathering together.

This weekend, we in China are celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival. My wife and I, and my colleagues from the Foreign Ministry, are delighted to have you with us today in Diaoyutai State Guesthouse.

Let me first convey the warm regards from State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi and the Foreign Ministry, and my respect to all of you. I wish to reassure you that my colleagues and I are here to facilitate your work in China.

I’m glad that we could observe the Festival together. The Zongzi that we just made will soon be served, and I hope this will give you a taste of traditional Chinese culture.

Now, I have a question for you, which place in China makes the best Zongzi? Yes, it is the city of Jiaxing in Zhejiang province, on the east coast.

Other than Zongzi, what special role has Jiaxing played in modern China? The Communist Party of China was born on a boat at Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing. That was in July 1921.

Time flies. In two weeks’ time, we will celebrate the centenary of the founding of the CPC. Today, I wish to share with you my thoughts on four questions: Where did the CPC come from? How is the CPC’s scorecard? What is the secret code of CPC’s success? Where is the CPC heading?

一、中国共产党从哪里来？

I. Where did the CPC come from?

中国近代史从1840年鸦片战争到1949年中华人民共和国成立，它既是中华民族浴血奋斗的历史，也是中国各阶级、各政党轮番登上历史舞台而中国共产党最终脱颖而出的历史。

The history of modern China spans from the first Opium War in 1840 to the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. During this period, the Chinese nation fought relentlessly for national independence. And different social classes and political parties took the stage, culminating in the success of the CPC in saving the nation.

1840年以后，中国不断遭受列强入侵，沦为半殖民地半封建社会，几近亡国灭种边缘。中国各种政治力量上下求索，尝试了君主立宪制、总统制、议会制、多党制等各种“药方”，但都没能改变中国贫穷落后、一盘散沙的局面。“四万万人齐下泪，天涯何处是神州”就是那时的真实写照。

After 1840, repeated aggression by foreign powers plunged China into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The nation’s survival was hanging in the balance. Political forces of different kinds searched long and hard for the path forward. They tried different “prescriptions”, constitutional monarchy, and presidential, parliamentary and multi-party systems, but none of them worked. China remained poor, backward and divided, like a heap of loose sand. As aptly depicted in a poem, “Tears shed by the 400 million Chinese, for nowhere can we keep a land of our own”.

中国共产党诞生于中华民族救亡图存的时代大潮，始终是为民族独立、解放、振兴而不懈奋斗的先锋队。一百年来，中国共产党带领中国人民经过艰苦卓绝的斗争建立了新中国，确立了社会主义制度，推进社会主义建设，实行改革开放，找到了一条成功的发展道路，这就是中国特色社会主义。一百年来，中国从任人宰割走向国家独立，从山河破碎走向民族复兴，从积贫积弱走向繁荣富强，迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的历史性飞跃。

It was against this historical backdrop, when the nation could barely survive, that the Communist Party of China was born. Since day one, the CPC has been the champion of independence, liberation and rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Over the past century, the CPC has led the Chinese people in an arduous journey to found the New China. It established a socialist system, advanced socialist development, reform and opening-up, and found our path of development, that is, socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Over the past 100 years, China, once torn apart and succumbed to foreign invasion, won independence and pursues rejuvenation and prosperity. It has made a historic leap from standing up to growing rich to becoming strong.

1949年1月，美国《纽约星报》邀请史沫特莱、白修德、斯诺、费正清等美国远东问题专家研讨中国共产党为什么会取得胜利，结论是：中国共产党并不曾使用什么魔术，它知道人民所渴望的改变，并将满足人民需要的纲领付诸实施；中国共产党将贫苦民众组织起来，建立了严明纪律和强有力的领导组织体系。比如，中国工农红军“三大纪律、八项注意”包括“不拿群众一针一线”“使用的柴米油盐照价付款”等等，赢得了人民的信任。1949年7月，美国国务卿艾奇逊在给杜鲁门总统的信中写道，中国的人心掌握在共产党人手中。

In January 1949, the New York Star invited some American experts on the Far East, including Agnes Smedley, Theodore White, Edgar Snow and John King Fairbank, to a seminar. The experts were asked for their opinions on why the CPC could succeed. And here are their answers:

The CPC does not have any magic, but they know what are the changes that the people desire, and they implement policies that meet people’s needs. The CPC is able to organize even the poorest people and put in place an organizational structure with strict disciplines and strong leadership. For example, the famous “Three Disciplines and Eight Reminders” followed by the Red Army, which include detailed orders like “take not even a needle and thread from the people” and “pay for every fuel, rice, cooking oil and salt you get from the people”, have helped the CPC win people’s heart.

In his letter to President Truman in July 1949, the then U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson wrote that “the heart of China is now in Communist hands”.

二、中国共产党交出了一份怎样的答卷？

II. How is the CPC’s scorecard?

1949年3月23日，在夺取全国政权、建立新中国前夕，毛泽东主席率党中央机关从“最后一个农村指挥所”西柏坡动身前往北京时提醒大家，今天是进京“赶考”的日子。周恩来说，我们应当都能考试及格，不要退回来。他们之所以讲这番话，原因在于中国历史上无数新政权都没能跳出“其兴也勃焉，其亡也忽焉”的历史周期律。明朝末年的农民起义军领袖李自成艰辛奋战18个春秋，占领北京城仅42天就兵败南逃。中国共产党能否坐稳江山，全世界都拭目以待。

On 23 March 1949, weeks before the CPC founded the New China, Chairman Mao Zedong and other members of the CPC central leadership left CPC’s “last rural command” – Xibaipo in Hebei province, and set off for Beijing. Chairman Mao said that they were going to Beijing for the entrance exam. And Zhou Enlai added, “I think we will all pass, and no one will have to be sent back.”

Why would they have such a conversation? Because there were too many examples of the “sudden rise and fall” in the Chinese history, a “historical cycle” as it was called. The most famous story might be that of Li Zicheng, a peasant uprising leader in the late Ming Dynasty. His army conquered the capital, Beijing after 18 years of ferocious battles. They only occupied the city for 42 days and were forced to flee south. So could the CPC break this cycle and hold on to its power? The world waited and watched.

从那时到现在，72年过去了，中国共产党交出了一份出色的答卷，创造了世所罕见的“三大奇迹”。

Now, 72 years have passed, and I can confidently say that the CPC has turned in an impressive score sheet, and created three miracles that are rarely seen in the world.

一是经济快速发展奇迹。新中国成立之初是世界上最贫穷落后的国家。毛泽东主席曾感慨地说，现在我们能造什么？能造桌子椅子，能造茶碗茶壶，能种粮食，能磨成面粉，还能造纸，但是，一辆汽车、一架飞机、一辆坦克、一辆拖拉机都不能造。当时国内一些资本家扬言，“共产党军事上100分，政治上80分，经济上0分”。时任美国国务卿艾奇逊断言，中国历朝历代都没有解决老百姓的吃饭问题，中国共产党也解决不了。

The first miracle is fast economic development.

In the early days of the People’s Republic, China was one of the poorest and most backward countries. Chairman Mao once said, “What can we produce? Of course, we can make tables and chairs, tea cups and pots; we can grow grains and produce flour; and we can make paper. Still, when it comes to cars, planes, tanks or tractors, we cannot even make a single one.”

That was probably why some of the capitalists in China scorned the CPC, saying that it could get 100 points on military, 80 points on politics, but zero on economy. Secretary Acheson said that “the first problem which every Chinese government has had to face is that of feeding this population. So far none has succeeded”, neither would the CPC.

然而，结果完全超出了那些资本家和艾奇逊先生的想象。在中国共产党的领导下，中国经济实现腾飞，仅仅用几十年时间就走完了西方发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程，建立了世界上门类最全的现代工业体系，成为世界第二大经济体、第一大货物贸易国。从1952年到2018年，中国GDP规模从679亿元跃升至90.03万亿元，实际增长174倍，人均GDP从119元提高到6.46万元，实际增长70倍。被学者称为“人类历史上最宏大的经济革命”。中国早在上世纪八十年代就解决了人民的温饱问题，目前粮食年产量高达1.3万亿斤，中国人关心的不再是吃饱饭，而是如何吃得好、吃得健康。

What happened afterwards was much beyond what they could fathom. Under CPC’s leadership, China has achieved an economic takeoff.

On industrialization, China has realized in just a few decades what took developed Western countries several centuries. China now has the most complete modern industrial system in the world.

It is the second largest economy.

It is also the biggest trader in goods.

China’s GDP was 67.9 billion yuan in 1952, and 90.03 trillion yuan in 2018, up by 174 times in real terms.

Per capita GDP soared by 70-fold, from 119 yuan to 64,600 yuan.

Scholars call it “the greatest economic revolution in the history of mankind”.

Early in the 1980s, China already met its people’s basic needs for food and clothing. Today, grain output is as high as 650 million tons per year. Getting enough to eat is not a problem any more. What the Chinese people care about today is how to eat well and healthy.

二是社会长期稳定奇迹。大家可能听说过“亨廷顿悖论”，说的是现代性蕴育着稳定，而现代化过程却滋生着动荡。中国是一个有着14亿人口的超大型国家，再大的经济总量除以14亿，都会变得很小，多么小的问题乘以14亿，都会变得很大。中国共产党经受住了艰巨复杂发展改革任务和经济社会变迁等重大考验，保持了中国政治和社会大局长期稳定。

The second miracle is long-term social stability.

You may have heard about the paradox of Huntington, which says, “Modernity breeds stability and modernization breeds instability.”

China is a super-large country with over 1.4 billion people. No matter how big the economic aggregate is, when divided by 1.4 billion, it will become very small. On the other hand, any small challenge will become big when multiplied by 1.4 billion. The CPC has stood the great tests, the formidable and complex task of development and reform, the economic and social changes, among others. And it has effectively preserved long-term political and social stability in China.

一个社会能否持续稳定，既要看这个社会增加了多少财富，更要看这个社会减少了多少穷人，既要做大蛋糕，又要分好蛋糕。中国社会实现长期稳定，既建立在快速发展的基础上，也建立在持续推进公平正义的基础上。邓小平先生在改革开放初期就提出，让一部分人、一部分地区先富起来，以先富带后富，最终实现共同富裕。习近平主席明确要求，全面建成小康社会，一个不能少；共同富裕路上，一个也不能掉队。目前中国中等收入群体已超4亿，近8亿人脱贫，这在人类发展史上前所未有。面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情，中国共产党坚持人民至上、生命至上，实施严格管控，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展，快速恢复了生产生活秩序。

Sustaining social stability depends not only on the volume of wealth to be added to the society. More importantly, it also depends on how far poverty reduction can go. Making the cake bigger and dividing it fairly are both important. China is able to achieve long-term stability thanks to its fast development as well as its commitment to equity and justice.

In the early days of reform and opening-up, Mr. Deng Xiaoping put forth a policy to let some people and some regions prosper before others, so that they can help the underdeveloped regions to catch up for common prosperity.

President Xi Jinping has made it clear that we will leave no one behind as we pursue moderate prosperity in all respects and for all the Chinese people.

Today, the middle-income population in China is over 400 million, and as many as 800 million people have emerged from poverty. This is unprecedented in the human history.

Facing the impact of COVID-19, the CPC has, as always, put people and life first, and enforced strict health protocols. It effectively coordinated COVID response with economic and social development, and put life and work back to normalcy within a short span of time.

三是和平崛起奇迹。新中国摈弃传统大国走过的殖民老路，始终奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，70多年来，我们从未主动挑起一场战争，从未侵占别国一寸土地，是世界上唯一将和平发展写进宪法的国家。有些人信奉国强必霸，而中国积累数千年的历史智慧是国霸必衰。中国不谋霸，不称霸，而且和世界人民一起坚决反霸。中国外交词典里从来没有“胁迫”“霸凌”这样的词汇，我们坚持走对话不对抗、结伴不结盟的国与国交往新路，在和平共处五项原则基础上拓展同各国的友好合作。我们坚持国家无论大小、贫富、强弱一律平等，尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路的权利，反对以强凌弱、唯我独尊。

The third miracle is peaceful rise.

New China abandoned the obsolete colonialist path of traditional powers. It always pursues an independent foreign policy of peace. Over the past seven decades, China never provoked a war, or took an inch of land from any other country. China is the only country in the world that incorporates peaceful development into its Constitution.

Some claim that a growing power is bound to seek hegemony. But China’s millennia-old wisdom tells us that hegemony leads only to failure. China does not seek hegemony. We stand firmly with the world against hegemonism. Words like “coercion” and “bullying” are not in the dictionary of China’s diplomacy.

We are committed to a new path of state-to-state engagement, a path that advocates dialogue and partnership, instead of confrontation or alliance. We seek to grow our friendship and cooperation with all countries based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. We advocate equality among all countries, regardless of their size, wealth and strength. We respect the rights of people of all countries to choose their own development path. We oppose the strong bullying the weak or seeking supremacy.

中国始终是和平的力量、发展的力量、进步的力量。作为安理会常任理事国，中国坚定维护世界和平稳定，主持国际公道正义。中国是联合国第二大会费国、联合国维和行动第二大出资国和安理会常任理事国中派出维和人员最多的国家，1990年以来先后参加近30项联合国维和行动。作为最大的发展中国家，我们不遗余力推动共同繁荣。中国已连续10多年对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%。2008年以来，中国吸收了最不发达国家25%的出口，是G20成员中落实“暂缓最贫困国家债务偿付倡议”金额最大的国家。“一带一路”倡议提出7年多来，与伙伴国贸易总额超过7.8万亿美元、直接投资超过1100亿美元。中国连续三年举办进口博览会，让世界分享中国机遇。面对全球新冠肺炎疫情，中国向150多个国家和13个国际组织提供抗疫物资援助，克服自身困难向全球供应了3亿多剂疫苗。

China is always a force for peace, development and progress.

As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China firmly maintains world peace and stability, and stands for international fairness and justice.

China is the second largest funding contributor to the United Nations and UN peacekeeping operations. It is the top contributor of peacekeeping personnel among P5. Since 1990, China has taken part in nearly 30 UN peacekeeping operations.

As the largest developing country, China makes every effort to promote global common prosperity. Our economy has contributed more than 30 percent of global growth for over 10 consecutive years.

Since 2008, 25 percent of LDCs’ total exports come to China. Under the G20 Debt Service Suspension Initiative for Poorest Countries, China has put off more loan repayments than other members.

In the past seven years since the Belt and Road Initiative was launched, China has registered more than 7.8 trillion US dollars in trade and 110 billion US dollars in direct investment with BRI partner countries.

We have hosted the China International Import Expo for three years running to share China’s market with the world.

In COVID response, China has provided medical supplies to over 150 countries and 13 international organizations. Despite difficulties at home, China has provided over 300 million doses of vaccines to the world.

中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化不断发展，还拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径，给世界上那些既希望加快发展又希望保持自身独立性的国家和民族提供了全新选择。

Socialism with Chinese characteristics has kept developing, including its path, theory, system, and culture. It has blazed a new trail for other developing countries to achieve modernization. It offers a new option for other nations who aspire to speed up their development while preserving their independence.

这三大奇迹，老百姓认可不认可？有一个数据很说明问题。哈佛大学于2003年至2016年在中国进行了8次调查，2020年7月发布了调查结果，显示中国民众对中国政府满意度超过90%，这在任何一个国家都是惊人的。

You may ask, what do the Chinese people think about the three miracles? One figure is quite telling. Between 2003 and 2016, Harvard University conducted eight surveys in China, and it published its findings in July 2020. It shows that over 90 percent of the Chinese public are satisfied with the Chinese government. That is quite extraordinary by any measure in any country.

三、中国共产党成功的“密码”是什么？

III. What is the secret code of CPC’s success?

中国共产党从一个只有59人的小党发展成为拥有9800多万党员的世界最大马克思主义执政党，得到人民的衷心拥护。如果有成功“密码”，主要是三个。

From a small party with 59 members at the beginning, the CPC has grown into the world’s largest Marxist governing party with over 98 million members. It is strongly endorsed by the people. If there is any secret code of success, it has mainly three elements.

（一）中国共产党是代表中国人民整体利益的使命党。在多党制国家，一个政党往往代表部分群体利益，是“部分利益党”和“选举政治党”，主要致力于赢得选票、上台执政、维护特定群体利益。而中国共产党是“整体利益党”和“使命担当党”。中国共产党人既是共产主义者，也是爱国主义者，还是国际主义者，是三者融为一体的有理想的革命者，初心和使命就是为人民谋幸福，为民族谋复兴，为世界谋大同。《中国共产党章程》开宗明义指出，中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。毛泽东主席1944年提出“为人民服务”的宗旨，这五个大字至今镌刻在中共中央办公地中南海新华门影壁上。周恩来总理毕生都佩戴着“为人民服务”的徽章。

First, the CPC is a party of mission that represents the overall interests of the Chinese people.

In a multiparty country, political parties usually represent the interests of particular groups. They are parties of segmental interests and of electoral politics. Their primary goal is to win the elections, take office and protect the interests of certain groups.

The CPC is different. It is a party of overall interests, a party of mission and responsibility. CPC members are communists, patriots and internationalists, all at the same time. They are revolutionists guided by ideals. Their original aspiration and mission is to seek happiness for the people, rejuvenation for the nation, and the common good for the world.

The Constitution of the CPC makes it clear in its very first paragraph that the Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class; in the meantime, it is the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and the leadership core for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The CPC represents the developmental demands of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation for China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the greatest possible majority of the Chinese people.

“Serve the people”, a motto put forth by Mao Zedong in 1944, is still inscribed on the inner wall of Xinhua Gate at Zhongnanhai, office of the CPC Central Committee. Premier Zhou Enlai wore the “serve the people” badge for his entire life.

美国驻华大使司徒雷登1949年离开中国时承认，“整个来讲，不论是对中国的民众特别是农民，或者是对国内国外的观察家，共产党都能给他们这样一种印象：它是全心全意致力于人民事业的，它真正希望促进中国的民主事业，希望中国在世界各民族的大家庭中获得一个真正独立而强有力的地位。”

When leaving China in 1949, John Leighton Stuart, then U.S. Ambassador to China, admitted that “on the whole, the party was able to give the impression, both to the Chinese masses, especially the peasantry, and to foreign observers in and out of China, that it was truly devoted to the cause of the people and was truly seeking to promote in China the cause of democracy and to win for China a position of real independence and strength in the family of nations.”

一些多党制国家虽然看到了贫富悬殊、族群矛盾等严重问题，但囿于党派利益和选票考虑，不是难以下决心根治，就是有心无力。中国在解决各种经济社会问题时也面临阻力，但中国共产党没有自身私利，所以从中国最广大人民的整体利益和长远利益出发果断决策、狠抓落实。

In some multiparty countries, people do recognize the serious problems such as the gaping wealth gap and racial tensions. Yet constrained by factional interests and vote bases, they either find it hard to make up their mind or are unable to address the root causes of the problems.

China also has its share of challenges in resolving economic and social issues. What is different is that the CPC has no selfish calculations, and therefore it proceeds from the overall and long-term interests of the greatest majority of the Chinese people. It makes resolute decisions and ensures that they deliver.

中国的政党制度既不是多党制或两党制，也不是一党制，而是中国共产党领导下的多党合作和政治协商新型政党制度。决策过程既严谨又高效，没有陷入“为反对而反对”的政党游戏和无休止内耗。

China’s political party system is neither a multiparty, bi-party, nor a one-party system. It is a new system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC. The decision-making process is rigorous and efficient. The political game of “opposition for opposition’s sake” and endless partisan strife is thus avoided.

中国共产党作为“使命担当党”，能够克服“部分利益党”“选举政治党”的短视、民粹等弊病，保持政策的延续性，长期持续投入，一张蓝图绘到底，一茬接着一茬干。毛泽东主席、周恩来总理上世纪60年代提出建设“现代农业、现代工业、现代国防和现代科学技术”的“四个现代化”目标。邓小平同志80年代提出分“三步走”实现现代化的战略规划。习近平主席提出“到本世纪中叶建设成为富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国”的战略部署。这些目标、规划、部署一脉相承，一以贯之。

As a party of mission and responsibility, the CPC is able to overcome shortsightedness, populism and other weaknesses of parties of segmental interests and of electoral politics. It is able to maintain policy consistency, make long-term, sustained investment, stick to its agenda and carry out hard work over generations.

In the 1960s, Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai proposed the development of Four Modernizations-goals to modernize China’s agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology.

In the 1980s, Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward a three-step strategy for realizing modernization.

Now, President Xi Jinping has laid down the strategic plan of building a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the century.

All these goals, plans and decisions are coherent and consistent.

70多年来，中国共产党带领全国人民成功制定实施了13个五年计划或规划，正在为第14个“五年规划”奋斗。从土地改革到妇女解放，从“两弹一星”到世界最大规模的高铁网，从建立经济特区到加入世贸组织，从用好两种资源、两种市场到构建国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，一代又一代的中国共产党人接续打赢了一场又一场大仗硬仗。

Over the past 70-plus years, the CPC has led the Chinese people in formulating and implementing 13 five-year plans. Right now, we are implementing the 14th. From land reform to women’s liberation, from atomic and hydrogen bombs and satellites to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, from setting up special economic zones to joining the WTO, and from making good use of both domestic and international resources and markets to fostering a new development paradigm with domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other, the CPC members, generation over generation, have forged ahead with resolve and fortitude, and fulfilled one major, tough task after another.

（二）中国共产党始终不断推进马克思主义中国化。中国共产党不是教条地继承，而是结合中国实际，把马克思主义化为中国人自己的东西，不断谱写马克思主义的新篇章。习近平主席强调，中国不走封闭僵化的老路，也不走改旗易帜的邪路。我们能够反思和总结社会主义实践的经验教训而不固守已经被实践证明是错了的发展模式，能够提出“走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义”而又拒绝走资本主义道路或民主社会主义道路，能够在经济体制改革中以社会主义市场经济取代传统的计划经济而又拒绝新自由主义那一套，能够在对外开放中全面参与经济全球化而又坚持独立自主的方针。

Second, the CPC adapts Marxism to the Chinese context.

The Party does not just copy and paste any doctrine; it applies the theory to China’s realities, and turns it into something of our own, and writes new chapters of Marxism.

President Xi Jinping has stressed that China must neither follow an old, rigid path of isolation, nor take the wrong turn to change its nature or abandon its system.

The Party is able to reflect on its past experience, while not clinging to any development model that has been proven wrong; it is able to raise the idea that China should “blaze a path of our own and build a socialism with Chinese characteristics”, while not veering toward capitalism or democratic-socialism; it is able to replace the planned economy with a socialist market economy, while rejecting the practices of neo-liberalism; it is able to fully engage China in economic globalization in the course of opening-up, while keeping independence and initiative.

毛泽东主席提出的“农村包围城市”、“枪杆子里出政权”，曾被共产国际认为是离经叛道，但后来证明是实事求是的，是马克思主义中国化的重要成果。面对姓“资”还是姓“社”的争论以及计划和市场关系的困惑，邓小平先生提出“三个有利于”的标准，指出计划多一点还是市场多一点，不是社会主义与资本主义的本质区别，坚定推进中国特色社会主义市场经济，将马克思主义政治经济学推到了新高度。习近平主席提出“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的新发展理念，推动我国经济高质量发展，提出坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，等等，丰富和发展了马克思主义哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义理论。我们实行的人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度以及基层群众自治制度，都是中国共产党从实际出发创造的政治制度，是马克思主义基本原理和中国实际相结合的产物。

Chairman Mao Zedong proposed the ways toward victory such as “encircling the cities from the countryside” and “seizing political power from the barrel of a gun”. They were once viewed as heretical by the Communist International. Later they were proven very relevant to the Chinese realities, and became an important outcome of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context.

During the debate on whether reform and opening-up represents a capitalist or socialist road, and what should be the right relationship between planning and market, Mr. Deng Xiaoping put forth a set of criteria for judgment. In his view, whether there is a little more planning or a little more market was not the essential difference between socialism and capitalism. He was firmly resolved to advance the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. And that brought the Marxist theory of political economy to a whole new high.

President Xi Jinping has proposed a new set of propositions, including a new development philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development for all, the vision for higher-quality growth, the commitment to upholding and improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and the need to modernize China’s system and capacity for governance. These ideas have further enriched and developed the Marxist philosophy, the theory of political economy and scientific socialism.

The Chinese political system is created by the CPC as suited to China’s realities, and consistent with the basic principles of Marxism. It includes the system of people’s congresses, of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation, of regional ethnic autonomy, and of self-governance at the primary level.

不难看出，中国共产党不仅同世界上的资产阶级政党不同，而且和世界上其他国家的共产党也不完全相同。中共不是又一个苏共。

All things considered, the CPC is different from the capitalist parties in the world. It is different from the communist parties in other countries. The CPC is not another Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

（三）中国共产党始终坚持自我革命、永葆生机活力。在世界政党发展史上，很多大党执政后蜕化变质，不能与时俱进，逐渐丧失民心，失去执政基础。中国共产党为什么能始终走在时代前列、成为中国人民和中华民族的主心骨？根本原因就在于我们党始终勇于承认错误并改正错误，一次次拿起手术刀革除自身病灶。

Third, the CPC embraces self-reform to stay vibrant and resilient.

In the history of political parties around the world, many big parties degenerate after assuming power. They lose touch with reality and ultimately lose the support of the people and the very foundation of their governance.

And here comes the question, why can the CPC remain at the forefront of the time and the backbone of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation? Fundamentally, it is the Party’s ability to face up to its mistakes, correct them, and bravely embrace self-reform, no matter how painful it is.

中国共产党成长壮大的每一步，都伴随着刀刃向内的自我革命。在红军长征途中，中共中央1935年1月召开遵义会议，纠正“左”倾错误，挽救了革命挽救了党。毛泽东主席早在延安时期就在认真思考寻找跳出历史周期律的新路，1945年1月他高兴地告诉民主人士黄炎培，已经找到了一条新路，就是民主。1949年3月毛泽东在中共七届二中全会上进一步告诫，“务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄、不躁的作风，务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗的作风”。中共十一届三中全会解放思想、拨乱反正，纠正10年“文化大革命”的错误，实现了改革开放的历史性转折。中共十八大之后以习近平同志为核心的党中央强调“党要管党、从严治党”，一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐，坚持“老虎”“苍蝇”一起打，查处一大批贪污腐败分子，形成强大震慑，取得反腐败斗争压倒性胜利，回应了人民期盼，赢得了民心。

The CPC grows up by reforming itself every step of the way.

In January 1935 during the Red Army’s Long March, the CPC Central Committee convened the Zunyi Meeting to correct the “left” mistakes; the meeting saved the revolution and the Party.

During the years in Yan’an, Chairman Mao Zedong mulled over a new path to break the historical cycle of rise and fall. In January 1945, he happily told Huang Yanpei, a democratic scholar, that he had found the new path, and the path was democracy.

At the 2nd Plenary Session of the 7th CPC Central Committee in March 1949, Mao instructed that Party members must “remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work, and preserve the style of plain living and hardworking”.

The 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in 1978 was a historic turning point. In the spirit of opening the mind and setting things right, it corrected the mistake of the decade-long “Cultural Revolution”, and steered China toward reform and opening-up.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has stressed the need for effective self-supervision and strict self-governance of the Party. It has taken steps to deter corruption, in both mindset and institution. A large number of corrupt officials, be they “tigers” or “flies”, have been brought to justice. The anti-corruption campaign has posed a strong deterrence, and achieved sweeping victory. It responded to the expectations of the people, and gained great popular support.

中国共产党一方面不断推动中国现代化发展，另一方面又在这个过程中实现了自身现代化，两个现代化相辅相成，书写了中国成功故事。

While modernizing China, the CPC has never ceased in modernizing itself. These two processes have complemented and reinforced each other, and taken together, have contributed to the success story of China.

四、未来中国共产党往哪里去？

IV. Where is the CPC heading?

中国特色社会主义已经进入新时代，中国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。这决定了中国共产党当前和今后的工作方向：一是解决发展不充分问题，发展还是第一要务；二是解决发展不平衡问题；三是满足人民群众在民主、法治、公平、正义、安全、环境等方面日益增长的需要。

Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The principal challenge we now face is the gap between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life.

This means that for now and some time to come, the CPC will focus its work on the following:

First, to address inadequate development, and continue to take development as the top priority.

Second, to address unbalanced development.

And third, to meet our people’s growing needs for democracy, rule of law, fairness and justice, security, and a better environment.

对外，中国共产党将坚持走和平发展道路，永远不称霸、不扩张、不谋求势力范围，不仅自己不搞胁迫，也反对其他国家搞胁迫。坚持不结盟原则，和其他国家发展关系不针对第三方，不以价值观划分阵营，不搞意识形态对抗。坚持和践行真正的多边主义，坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，以国际法为基础的国际秩序，以世界贸易组织为核心的国际贸易体制。不承认由一国或少数国家制定的“霸权规则”，不承认以此为基础的所谓国际秩序，反对拉帮结伙搞小圈子。坚持弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值观，推动构建人类命运共同体，同世界各国一道建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。

On the external front, the CPC will stay committed to the path of peaceful development. It will never seek hegemony, expansion, or any sphere of influence. We reject coercion by any country. The CPC observes the principle of non-alignment. When developing relations with other countries, we do not target any third party, or engage in value-driven blocs or ideological confrontation.

We practice true multilateralism. China is firmly committed to safeguarding the UN-centered international system, the international order on the basis of international law, and the WTO-centered international trading system.

We do not recognize the “hegemonic rules” set by one or some countries, or the so-called international order established on the basis of such rules. We reject attempts to team up and build exclusive blocs.

The CPC upholds peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom, the values shared by all. It is committed to building a community with a shared future for mankind. We will work with all countries to build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity.

使节朋友们，过去一百年中国发生的沧桑巨变是中国共产党领导的革命、建设、改革带来的，没有共产党就没有新中国，要了解中国，就要了解中国共产党。中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度最大的优势也是中国共产党领导。中国共产党的领导地位不是自封的，而是历史的选择，人民的选择。中国共产党同中国人民是鱼水关系、不可分离。尊重中国就要尊重中国共产党的领导地位，尊重中国人民选择的中国特色社会主义道路。任何势力企图离间中国共产党和中国人民，离间中国共产党的普通党员和领导层，将注定失败。

Excellencies,

Over the past century, China has realized tremendous transformation. It is made possible through the revolution, development and reform led by the CPC. Without the CPC, there would be no New China, and to understand China, it is essential to have a good knowledge of the CPC.

The CPC’s leadership is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and where its greatest strength comes from. This leadership is not self-proclaimed. It is the choice of history and of the people.

The relationship between the Party and the people is as inseparable as fish and water. To respect China, one needs to respect the CPC’s leadership and to respect the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, a choice made by the Chinese people. Attempts to drive a wedge between the CPC and the Chinese people, or between ordinary Party members and its leadership, will never work.

中国共产党立志于中华民族千秋伟业，百年恰似风华正茂。再过一百年到中国共产党200年华诞时，中国共产党如何领导中国人民建成一个富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国，将成为世界研究的经典课题和成功案例。这将是中国共产党对人类发展的历史性贡献。

The CPC is dedicated to the long-term cause of the Chinese nation. It is right in its prime at its centenary.

I’m confident that in another one hundred years, when the CPC celebrates its bicentenary, it will have led the Chinese people to make China a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful.

Such an experience will offer a worthwhile case study and a success story for the world. And it will be the CPC’s historic contribution to human progress.

谢谢大家。

Thank you.