在庆祝西藏和平解放70周年大会上的讲话

Speech at the Meeting Celebrating the 70th Anniversary of the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet

汪洋

Wang Yang

2021年8月19日，拉萨

Lhasa, 19 August 2021

同志们，朋友们：

Comrades and Friends,

在举国欢庆中国共产党百年华诞之际，我们迎来了西藏和平解放70周年。上个月，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平亲临西藏考察，充分肯定西藏和平解放70年来的发展成就，为各族干部群众带来亲切关怀和美好祝福。今天，中央代表团带着党中央和习近平总书记的重托、带着全国人民的深情厚谊，与西藏各族人民一道隆重庆祝西藏和平解放70周年。首先，我代表中共中央、全国人大常委会、国务院、全国政协、中央军委，向西藏自治区表示热烈祝贺！向西藏各族干部群众致以亲切问候！向长期以来关心和支持西藏发展进步的各界人士表示衷心感谢！

Amid celebrations of the centenary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) across the country, we are marking the 70th anniversary of the peaceful liberation of Tibet. Last month, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, came to Tibet on an inspection tour. He hailed Tibet’s development achievements in the past seven decades since its peaceful liberation, and brought warm regards and best wishes to officials and people of all ethnic groups in the region. Today, entrusted by the CPC Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping, the central government delegation has come to Tibet, bringing to you warm greetings of people across the country. We are here to jointly celebrate with people of all ethnic groups in Tibet the 70th anniversary of the peaceful liberation of Tibet. At the outset, on behalf of the CPC Central Committee, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, the State Council, the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the Central Military Commission, I wish to extend warm congratulations to the Tibet Autonomous Region, extend greetings to officials and people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, and express heartfelt thanks to people from various sectors who have long cared about and supported Tibet in pursuing development and progress.

1951年西藏和平解放，是中国人民解放事业和祖国统一事业的重大胜利，是西藏具有划时代意义的历史转折。从此，西藏走上了由黑暗到光明、由落后到进步、由贫穷到富裕、由专制到民主、由封闭到开放的康庄大道，一个欣欣向荣的社会主义新西藏巍然屹立在世界之巅！

The peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951 was a major victory in the cause of liberation of the Chinese people and China’s reunification. It marked a historic transition with epoch-making significance for Tibet. Since then, Tibet has embarked on a path from darkness to brightness, from backwardness to progress, from poverty to prosperity, from autocracy to democracy, and from closeness to openness. A thriving socialist new Tibet is standing tall and firm at the rooftop of the world.

70年来，西藏社会制度实现历史性跨越。旧西藏实行反动野蛮的封建农奴制，人分三等九级，下等农奴毫无人权和尊严。我们彻底驱逐帝国主义势力，掀起波澜壮阔的民主改革，结束政教合一、神权控制政权的历史，建立人民民主政权。翻身做主的百万农奴欢呼：“贵族的太阳落下去了，我们的太阳升上来了。”随着社会主义制度和民族区域自治制度的实行，西藏各族人民平等参与管理国家事务和自主管理本地区事务的权利得到充分保障。目前，西藏各级人大代表超过3.5万名、政协委员超过8000名，90%是少数民族。

The past seven decades have seen a historic transition in Tibet’s social system. In the old Tibet, the reactionary and barbarous feudal serfdom was practiced under which people were divided into three classes, with each class further divided into three ranks. Lower-class serfs had no human rights or dignity to speak of. We drove out all the imperialist forces and carried out sweeping democratic reform, separated religion from political powers and ended theocracy, and we established the people’s democratic government. Several million serfs rose and held their future in their own hands. They cheered: “The sun of the aristocrats has set, and our sun has risen.” With the establishment of socialist system and regional ethnic autonomy, the rights of people of all ethnic groups in Tibet to equal participation in the governance of state affairs and to administration of affairs of the autonomous region are fully ensured. At present, Tibet has over 35,000 deputies of people’s congresses and over 8,000 CPPCC members at various levels, 90 percent of who are ethnic minorities.

70年来，西藏经济发展取得历史性成就。旧西藏农牧业靠天吃饭，工业一片空白，从西宁到拉萨往返一次需要半年以上。1951年西藏地区生产总值仅为1.3亿元，2020年已突破1900亿元。今天的西藏，粮食年产量稳定在100万吨以上，高原特色农牧业、绿色工业、清洁能源和现代服务业蓬勃发展，“十三五”时期接待游客近1.6亿人次。基础设施四通八达，“复兴号”在雪山环抱间飞驰，建制村村村通公路，140条航线联通国内外，4G网络覆盖每一个村庄，阿里与藏中电网联网工程穿越平均海拔4500米的崇山峻岭，让西藏整体告别了缺电少电的历史。古老神奇的雪域高原一派万象更新的喜人景象。

The past seven decades have seen historic achievements in Tibet’s economic development. In the old days, agriculture and livestock in Tibet were at the mercy of nature; industry was non-existent; and a round trip between Xining and Lhasa would take more than six months. In 1951, the GDP in Tibet was merely RMB130 million yuan, while the figure soared past RMB190 billion yuan in 2020. Today, Tibet’s annual grain output has been above one million tons for years. Its agricultural and livestock sectors with distinctive features of the plateau, green industry, clean energy and modern services are flourishing. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Tibet hosted close to 160 million tourist visits. The autonomous region now has well-connected infrastructure, with Fuxing bullet trains speeding past snow-capped mountains. Every administrative village is linked by roads, and 140 flights connect Tibet with the rest of the country and the world. All villages in Tibet are now covered by 4G network. The Ngari-Central Tibet power interconnection project, crossing mountains at an average altitude of 4,500 meters, ended Tibet’s lack of electricity once and for all. Across this ancient and snowy plateau of unique appeal, everywhere there is a scene of brimming vitality.

70年来，西藏人民生活发生历史性变化。旧西藏90%以上的人过着衣不蔽体、食不果腹的生活，文盲率高达95%。今天的西藏，各族群众不愁吃、不愁穿，人均住房面积近40平方米，15年公费教育全面实现，长期存在的辍学问题历史性“清零”，包虫病、大骨节病、先天性心脏病等地方病得到历史性消除和防治，人均预期寿命由1951年的35.5岁增加到71.1岁，老百姓的生活品质日益提高。从金沙江边到狮泉河畔，从雅江谷地到藏北高原，幸福的歌声传遍西藏每一片土地。

The past seven decades have seen historic changes in the lives of the people in Tibet. In the old Tibet, over 90 percent of Tibetans struggled for subsistence, and up to 95 percent were illiterate. Today, hunger and poverty is a thing of the past for people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, and per capita living space in Tibet is close to 40 square meters. The 15-year public-funded education is conducted across the region, ending the long-standing issue of school drop-out. Endemics such as hydatid disease, Kashin-Beck disease and congenital heart disease have been eradicated and prevented for the first time in history. The average life expectancy has risen from 35.5 years in 1951 to 71.1 years. People’s lives are steadily improving. From the Jinsha River to the Shiquan River, from the Yarlung Zangbo Valley to the northern Tibetan Plateau, people everywhere in Tibet sing in praise of their happy life.

70年来，西藏民族团结呈现历史性进步。我们坚持走中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路，消除旧社会的民族歧视、民族隔阂，挫败达赖集团和境外敌对势力的分裂破坏活动，促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展。国家投入巨大人力物力财力弘扬和发展西藏优秀传统文化，藏语言文字得到广泛使用，《格萨尔王传》等珍贵典籍得到抢救整理，唐卡、藏戏、藏医药等近800个项目列入非物质文化遗产。各族群众的宗教信仰得到充分尊重，全区1700多座寺庙实现水电、网络、消防等设施全覆盖，4.6万僧尼都享受了政府社保，布达拉宫、大昭寺等寺庙古迹得到修缮保护。今天的西藏，宗教和顺、社会和谐、民族和睦，各族人民“相亲相爱，犹如茶和盐巴”，中华民族大家庭其乐融融。

The past seven decades have seen historic progress in ethnic unity in Tibet. We have followed a sound policy with distinctive Chinese features of addressing ethnic issues. We have ended ethnic discrimination and estrangement prevalent in the old society, crushed separatist and sabotage activities committed by the Dalai group and hostile external forces, and promoted common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups through joint efforts. The central government has invested huge manpower, resources and funding to preserve and develop Tibet’s fine traditional culture. The Tibetan language is used extensively. Precious classics such as Epic of King Gesar were saved and collated. Close to 800 projects including thangka, Tibetan opera and Tibetan medicine have been placed on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Religious beliefs of all ethnic groups are fully respected. More than 1,700 temples in Tibet have full access to water, electricity, the Internet, firefighting and other facilities. All of the 46,000 monks and nuns are covered by the government’s social security scheme. The Potala Palace, the Jokhang Temple and other temples and sites have been renovated and are under protection. Today’s Tibet enjoys freedom of religious belief, social harmony and ethnic amity. People of all ethnic groups are “as close to one another as tea and salt” which go together in Tibetan butter tea, and all members of the great family of the Chinese nation live in contentment and happiness.

党的十八大以来，西藏步入发展最好、变化最大、群众得实惠最多的新时代。经济年均增速位居全国三甲，农村居民人均可支配收入增速连续多年位居全国第一，城镇化率上升13个百分点。西藏曾经是全国唯一省级集中连片特困地区，贫困程度最深、扶贫成本最高、脱贫难度最大。经过坚持不懈的努力，62.8万贫困人口全部脱贫，26.6万人从山高地远的苦寒之地搬迁到河谷城镇安居乐业，西藏与全国一道如期全面建成小康社会。

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, Tibet has entered a new era, an era in which greater development and bigger changes have been made and more benefits delivered to the people than in the past. The region ranks among the top three in China in terms of annual average growth rate, and it has topped the country in terms of growth of per capita disposable income of rural residents for many years, and the urbanization rate has increased by 13 percentage points. Tibet was once the only place in China which had contiguous poor areas at the provincial level. Its poverty was most severe, the cost of poverty eradication was the highest and the difficulty encountered was the greatest. However, thanks to unremitting efforts, 628,000 people from inhospitable mountainous and remote areas in Tibet have been lifted out of poverty, and 266,000 were relocated to new homes in valley townships and embarked on new lives. Together with the rest of the country, Tibet has, as envisaged, finished the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

西藏和平解放70年的辉煌成就，创造了改天换地的人间奇迹，是党中央坚强领导的结果，是西藏各族干部群众顽强拼搏的结果，也是全国人民大力支持的结果。长期以来，西藏各族人民像格桑花一样扎根雪域边陲，胼手胝足、团结奋斗，守护神圣国土、建设幸福家园。成千上万的干部人才响应党的号召，支援西藏建设，以战天斗地的豪情壮志，留下了感天动地的光辉事迹。你们的汗水和成就汇入了伟大祖国发展进步的历史洪流，你们的奋斗和贡献永远镌刻在共和国的历史丰碑上！此时此刻，我们深切缅怀为西藏革命、建设、改革事业，为保卫和建设祖国边疆奉献青春乃至生命的先烈和英雄们，他们的丰功伟绩和崇高风范永垂青史！

We owe the great achievements and the miracle of epoch-making transformation made in Tibet over the past seven decades since its peaceful liberation to the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the indomitable spirit of officials and people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, and the tremendous support given by people across the country. Over the years, people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, like the galsang flower that bloom in the snowy plateau, have struck roots in the region and dedicated themselves to its development. With unity and hard work, they have safeguarded our sacred land and built up their homeland. Tens of thousands of officials and professionals across the country have responded to the call of the CPC and come to assist in Tibet’s development, worked with heroic determination and left behind touching stories of their glorious accomplishments. What you have achieved with your dedication here in Tibet has become a part of our great motherland’s historic achievement, and your endeavors and contributions will forever be remembered by the People’s Republic. At this very moment, we cherish a profound memory of the martyrs and heroes who have contributed their youth and even given their lives for the revolution, development and reform of Tibet and for the defense and development of the borderland of our country. Their great contributions and noble character will go down in the annals of history.

同志们、朋友们！

Comrades and friends,

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，我国正处于实现中华民族伟大复兴的关键时期，全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程已经开启，西藏经济社会发展也站在新的历史起点上。我们要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，深入学习习近平总书记在中央第七次西藏工作座谈会上的重要讲话精神和在西藏考察时的重要指示精神，全面贯彻新时代党的治藏方略，认真落实党中央决策部署，奋力谱写雪域高原长治久安和高质量发展新篇章。

The world today is undergoing changes never seen in a century, and China has reached a crucial stage in its endeavor to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We have embarked on a new journey of fully building a modern socialist country, and Tibet has reached a new historical starting point in pursuing its economic and social development. We should unswervingly follow Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide, strengthen our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core and keep in alignment, enhance confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position in both the Party Central Committee and the Party as a whole as well as the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. We should gain a thorough understanding of the important speech made by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the seventh Central Working Conference on Tibet and the important instructions he made during his inspection tour in Tibet, fully implement the guidelines of the CPC for governing Tibet in the new era, fully implement the decisions of the CPC Central Committee, and make new advances in achieving durable stability and high-quality development in Tibet.

——要始终坚持党的领导，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路。没有共产党就没有新中国，就没有新西藏；只有坚持党的领导，走社会主义道路，才能发展西藏、繁荣西藏，这是被70年发展历程证明的真理。要深入学习贯彻习近平总书记“七一”重要讲话精神，从党的百年奋斗征程中深刻感悟党的领导是历史和人民的选择，深刻感悟今天的幸福生活从哪里来、谁在为各族群众过上好日子不懈奋斗，以史为鉴、明理增信，不断坚定听党话、跟党走的思想自觉和行动自觉。

– We should always follow the leadership of the CPC and march steadily on the path of building socialism with distinctive Chinese features. Without the CPC, there would not be New China and there would not be new Tibet. Only by following the CPC leadership and pursuing the path of socialism, can Tibet achieve development and prosperity. This conclusion has been borne out by Tibet’s development over the past seven decades. We should gain an in-depth understanding of the important speech delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the rally marking the centenary of the CPC. We should keep in mind the extraordinary 100-year journey of the CPC and keenly appreciate the fact that the CPC leadership is the choice of history and of the people; and we should never forget where our happy life today comes from and who are making unremitting efforts to deliver even better lives for Chinese people of all ethnic groups. We should draw inspiration from the history of the CPC, boost our confidence, and follow the CPC leadership with an even greater sense of purpose in thinking and action.

——要巩固发展西藏和谐稳定的良好局面，确保国家安全和边疆稳固。西藏社会大局持续稳定向好，成绩来之不易，必须倍加珍惜。要准确把握西藏工作的阶段性特征，加强和创新社会治理，紧紧依靠各族干部群众筑牢反分裂斗争的铜墙铁壁。要坚持我国宗教中国化方向，积极引导藏传佛教与社会主义社会相适应，团结宗教界人士和信教群众为维护国家安全和社会和谐贡献力量。西藏70年发展历程证明，团结稳定是福，分裂动乱是祸。任何外部势力都没有资格对西藏事务指手画脚，任何分裂西藏的图谋和伎俩都将以失败而告终。

– We should enhance harmony and stability in Tibet and ensure national security and stability in the border areas. Tibet now enjoys continued social stability: this is an achievement which has not come easily and must be all the more cherished. We should have a keen appreciation of the distinctive features of Tibet-related work at this stage, strengthen social governance and explore new ways of conducting it, and mobilize officials and the general public of all ethnic groups to forge an ironclad defense against separatist activities. We should see that religions in China are Chinese in orientation and guide Tibetan Buddhism in adapting itself to socialist society. And we should rally religious figures and believers around us in a joint effort to safeguard national security and social harmony. Tibet’s development over the past seven decades demonstrates that unity and stability is a blessing, whereas separatist activities and chaos can only lead to disaster. No one outside China has the right to point fingers at us when it comes to Tibetan affairs. Any attempt or maneuver designed to separate Tibet from China is doomed to fail.

——要以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线，推进民族团结进步事业。中华民族是个大家庭，家和万事兴。只有铸牢中华民族共同体意识，各民族心往一处想、劲往一处使，才能汇聚起实现中华民族伟大复兴的磅礴力量。要坚持把民族团结进步宣传教育与社会主义核心价值观教育、爱国主义教育、反分裂斗争教育、新旧西藏对比教育和马克思主义国家观、历史观、民族观、文化观、宗教观教育结合起来，不断增强各族群众对伟大祖国、中华民族、中华文化、中国共产党、中国特色社会主义的认同，打牢民族团结的思想基础。文化认同是民族团结的根脉，中华文化始终是西藏各民族的情感纽带、心灵归属。要全面加强国家通用语言文字教育，树立各民族共享的中华文化符号和中华民族形象，构建中华民族共有精神家园。要传承保护西藏优秀传统文化，推动创造性转化和创新性发展。

– We should foster a strong sense of the Chinese nation as one community and advance ethnic unity and progress. The Chinese nation is one big family; harmony in this big family of ours brings prosperity. Only when we foster a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation and when all ethnic groups work together in unison with the same purpose in mind, can we create a mighty force to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Efforts to raise public awareness of ethnic unity and progress should go hand in hand with efforts to raise awareness of core socialist values, of patriotism, of struggle against separatist activities, of contrast between old and new Tibet, and of the Marxist views of country, history, ethnicity, culture and religion. Such efforts will enable people of all ethnic groups to strengthen their faith in our great motherland, the Chinese nation, the Chinese culture, the CPC and socialism with Chinese characteristics, thus solidifying the cultural foundation for ethnic unity. A shared cultural identity underpins ethnic unity. The Chinese culture has always been a bond that fosters a sense of togetherness and belonging among people of all ethnic groups in Tibet. All-round efforts should continue to be made to teach standard spoken and written Chinese language. We should foster and share Chinese cultural symbols and images of the Chinese nation among all ethnic groups, and thus create a source of inspiration for the entire Chinese nation. We should protect and keep alive the fine traditional culture in Tibet and promote its creative evolution and development.

——要坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，推动经济社会高质量发展。发展是促进共同富裕、实现长治久安的基础，西藏的所有发展都要赋予民族团结进步的意义，都要赋予改善民生、凝聚人心的意义，都要有利于提升各族群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感。要完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，服务和融入新发展格局，走出一条符合西藏实际的高质量发展之路。要巩固脱贫成果，全面推进乡村振兴，深入实施兴边富民行动，把民生实事一件一件办好，让各族群众的获得感成色更足、幸福感更可持续、安全感更有保障。党中央对西藏发展的投入和支持只会增加、不会减少。只要把中央关怀、全国支持同自力更生、艰苦奋斗有机结合起来，西藏与全国共同迈向全面现代化必定能够实现！

– We should follow a people-centered development philosophy, and promote high-quality economic and social development. Development is the foundation for achieving common prosperity and long-term stability. All development endeavors in Tibet should promote ethnic unity and progress, improve people’s livelihood and win people’s support. All development endeavors in Tibet should help increase the sense of fulfillment, happiness and security of people from various ethnic groups. We should fully, faithfully and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy, see that the development of Tibet serves and becomes an integral part of the country’s new development paradigm, and explore a path of high-quality development that suits Tibet’s reality. We should build on the success of poverty alleviation, advance rural development in all aspects, and carry out initiatives to develop border areas and make lives better for border residents. We should address each and every issue that is important to people’s livelihood and see that the people of all ethnic groups enjoy more benefits, be happier and feel more secure. The CPC Central Committee’s input in and support for the development of Tibet will only increase, not decrease. With the attention given by the CPC Central Committee and support of the whole country, and with its own efforts, Tibet will surely achieve full modernization together with the whole country.

——要牢固树立绿水青山就是金山银山、冰天雪地也是金山银山的理念，建设生态文明高地。青藏高原是世界屋脊、亚洲水塔，保护好青藏高原生态是对中华民族生存和发展的最大贡献。要以对历史负责、对人民负责、对世界负责的态度，坚定不移走生态优先、绿色发展之路，推进重大生态工程建设，加强山水林田湖草沙冰系统治理。中央支持西藏创建国家生态文明建设示范区，支持开展生态综合补偿试点，支持青藏高原综合科考。我们有信心、有能力让雪域高原的天永远湛蓝、水永远清澈、空气永远洁净。

– We should remain firm in the belief that just as lucid waters and green mountains are invaluable assets, so are the plateau of ice and snow, and turn Tibet into a pacesetter in ecological conservation. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as the roof of the world and the water tower of Asia. Protecting the ecological system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the greatest contribution to the survival and development of the Chinese nation. We should act responsibly toward history, the people and the world, and give priority to protecting the ecological system and pursuing green development. We should launch major ecological conservation projects, and take a holistic approach to protect mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, deserts and glaciers. The CPC Central Committee supports Tibet in building a national demonstration region on ecological conservation, supports it in piloting a comprehensive ecological compensation program, and supports comprehensive scientific research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We are confident that we will continue to keep skies blue, waters clear and air clean in this snowy plateau.

同志们、朋友们！

Comrades and friends,

伟岸的喜马拉雅山见证了西藏和平解放以来的沧桑巨变，奔腾的雅鲁藏布江奏响着新时代西藏发展进步的恢弘乐章。让我们紧密团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，弘扬伟大建党精神，传承“老西藏精神”、“两路精神”，为建设团结富裕文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化新西藏，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦不懈奋斗！

The majestic Himalaya Mountains have witnessed the sea change that has taken place in Tibet since its peaceful liberation, and the surging Yarlung Zangbo River has witnessed Tibet’s development and advances in the new era. Let us rally closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, live by the great founding spirit of the CPC, and follow the example of the older generation engaged in Tibet’s development and those who constructed the Sichuan-Tibet Highway and the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. And let us dedicate ourselves to building a new, modern socialist Tibet that is united, prosperous, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful and achieve the Chinese dream of great national rejuvenation.

祝伟大祖国繁荣富强！

May our great motherland enjoy prosperity!

祝西藏各族人民幸福安康！

May people of all ethnic groups in Tibet enjoy happiness and well-being!

扎西德勒！

Tashi Delek!