寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

女士们、先生们，大家上午好！欢迎出席国务院新闻办新闻发布会。今天我们邀请到财政部部长蓝佛安先生，请他向大家介绍“加大财政政策逆周期调节力度、推动经济高质量发展”有关情况，并回答大家关心的问题。出席今天新闻发布会的还有：财政部副部长廖岷先生，王东伟先生，郭婷婷女士。

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Welcome to this press conference held by the State Council Information Office (SCIO). Today, we have invited Mr. Lan Fo'an, minister of finance, to brief you on intensifying countercyclical adjustment of fiscal policy to promote high-quality economic development, and to answer your questions. Mr. Liao Min, Mr. Wang Dongwei and Ms. Guo Tingting, all vice ministers of finance, are also present today.

下面，我们首先请蓝佛安先生作介绍。

Now, I'll give the floor to Mr. Lan for his introduction. 

蓝佛安:

Lan Fo'an:

各位媒体朋友，大家好！非常高兴有机会和大家面对面交流。首先，我代表财政部，对大家长期以来对财政工作的关心、关注和支持表示衷心感谢！下面，我先总结介绍一下今年以来积极财政政策的实施情况，以及下一步加大财政政策逆周期调节力度、推动经济高质量发展的总体考虑。

Hello, friends from the media. It is a great pleasure to have the opportunity to speak with you today. First of all, on behalf of the Ministry of Finance (MOF), I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to you for your long-term interest in and support for the finance work. I would like to begin by sharing with you the implementation of the proactive fiscal policy so far this year, and outline our overall plans for intensifying countercyclical adjustment of fiscal policy and promoting high-quality economic development.

今年以来，财政部门认真贯彻落实中央经济工作会议要求，坚持积极的财政政策适度加力、提质增效，组合使用赤字、专项债、超长期特别国债、税费优惠、财政补助等多种政策工具，加大财政政策力度，加强重点领域保障，积极防范化解风险，促进经济持续回升向好。主要包括以下6个方面：

Since the beginning of this year, the financial departments have thoroughly implemented the requirements of the Central Economic Work Conference. We have appropriately enhanced the intensity of our proactive fiscal policy and improved its quality and effectiveness. We have used a mix of policy tools such as deficits, special-purpose bonds, ultra-long special treasury bonds, tax cuts, fee reductions and fiscal subsidies. Additionally, we have intensified our fiscal policy, strengthened support for key sectors, and actively prevented and mitigated risks, promoting sustained economic recovery and growth. These efforts can be mainly summarized in the six following areas:

一是扩大财政支出规模。2024年安排财政赤字4.06万亿元，比上年年初预算增加1800亿元；新增地方政府专项债务限额3.9万亿元，比上年增加1000亿元；发行1万亿超长期特别国债，用好2023年增发国债资金，全年一般公共预算支出规模达到28.55万亿元，持续保持较高的支出强度，为高质量发展提供有力支撑。

First, we have expanded fiscal spending. The deficit this year is set at 4.06 trillion yuan, an increase of 180 billion yuan over the 2023 budget figure. The quota for local government special-purpose bonds is 3.9 trillion yuan, up by 100 billion yuan from last year. 1 trillion yuan of ultra-long special treasury bonds has been approved for issuance in 2024, and the additional treasury bonds issued in 2023 have been well utilized. Total general public expenditure in the government budget in 2024 are projected to reach 28.55 trillion yuan, maintaining a relatively high spending intensity, thereby providing strong support for high-quality development.

二是优化税费优惠政策。落实好结构性减税降费政策，持续实施研发费用税前加计扣除、先进制造业企业增值税加计抵减、科技成果转化税收减免等政策，完善对制造业企业技术改造的税收优惠政策。1-8月份，支持科技创新和制造业发展的主要政策减税降费及退税超1.8万亿元。

Second, we have optimized tax and fee relief policies. We have fully implemented the structural tax and fee reduction policies, and continued with measures such as additional tax deductions for R&D expenses, additional VAT deductions for advanced manufacturing enterprises, and tax reductions and exemptions for the application of scientific and technological advancements. The preferential tax policies for manufacturing enterprises to upgrade their technologies have also been improved. From January to August, tax reductions, fee cuts and tax rebates related to policies supporting sci-tech innovation and manufacturing development exceeded 1.8 trillion yuan.

三是积极扩大国内有效需求。督促地方用好增发国债资金，支持灾后恢复重建和提升防灾减灾救灾能力。做好超长期特别国债发行使用工作，支持国家重大战略和重点领域安全能力建设，积极推进大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新工作。持续加强地方政府专项债券管理，扩大投向领域和用作资本金范围，支持地方加大重点领域补短板力度。1-9月发行新增专项债券3.6万亿元，支持项目超过3万个，用作项目资本金超2600亿元。

Third, we have actively expanded effective domestic demand. We have urged local governments to effectively use the additionally issued treasury bonds to support post-disaster reconstruction and enhance capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief. We have ensured the proper issuance and use of ultra-long special treasury bonds to support major national strategies and build up security capacities in key sectors. We have also actively promoted large-scale equipment upgrading and consumer goods trade-in programs. Additionally, we have continuously enhanced the management of local government special-purpose bonds, appropriately expanding the range of areas and uses to which funds from the sale of such bonds can be channeled, thus supporting local governments in strengthening key sectors that have weaknesses. From January to September this year, 3.6 trillion yuan in new special-purpose bonds was issued, with more than 260 billion yuan used as project capital, supporting over 30,000 projects.

四是加强基层“三保”和重点领域保障。认真落实党政机关习惯过紧日子要求，严控一般性支出，腾出资金保基本民生、保工资、保运转和重点领域支出。2024年中央财政安排对地方转移支付超10万亿元，其中，均衡性转移支付增长8.8%，县级基本财力保障机制奖补资金增长8.6%，将更多的资金用于补充地方财力，支持地方兜牢基层“三保”底线。同时，加大对科技、乡村全面振兴、生态文明建设等方面的支持力度，中央本级科技支出增长10%，中央财政衔接推进乡村振兴补助资金安排1770亿元，下达651亿元支持打好污染防治攻坚战。完善促进区域协调发展的财税支持政策，扎实落实京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、长三角一体化发展等区域发展战略。

Fourth, we have redoubled our efforts to ensure that, at the primary level, the "Three Guarantees" (guaranteeing basic living needs, payment of salaries and government functioning) are met, and that key sectors are secured. Following the requirement that Party and government institutions must get used to keeping their belts tightened, we have strictly controlled general expenditures, ensuring more funds are available for basic living needs, salaries and government functions as well as key sectors. In 2024, the central government's transfer payments to local governments were set at more than 10 trillion yuan. Specifically, transfer payments for ensuring equal access to basic public services increased by 8.8%, and those for rewards and subsidies to ensure basic funding for county-level governments rose by 8.6%. By doing so, we have provided greater fiscal support for local governments to ensure that, at the primary level, the "Three Guarantees" are met. We have increased support for sci-tech development, all-round rural revitalization and ecological conservation. Specifically, central government expenditures on science and technology were set to increase by 10%, central government subsidies for rural revitalization were set at 177 billion yuan, and 65.1 billion yuan was approved for pollution prevention and control. Moreover, we have refined the fiscal and tax support policies aimed at promoting coordinated regional development, and actively implemented regional development strategies such as the promotion of the coordinated development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.

五是更大力度支持基本民生保障。今年以来，中央财政下达就业补助资金667亿元，支持地方做好高校毕业生等重点群体就业、职业技能培训等工作。1-9月全国教育支出3万亿元。按照全国总体3%的比例提高退休人员基本养老金水平，大幅提高城乡居民基础养老金的最低标准。将基本公共卫生服务经费财政补助标准提高到每人每年94元，城乡居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准提高至每人每年670元。下一步，我们将顺应我国人口发展变化形势和人民多层次多样化需求，进一步加大相关领域的支出力度，更好惠及民生。

Fifth, we have bolstered support to ensure basic living needs. Since the beginning of this year, the central government has approved 66.7 billion yuan for employment subsidies, supporting local governments in their efforts to ensure employment and vocational skills training for key groups such as college graduates. From January to September, education spending nationwide reached 3 trillion yuan. We have increased national basic pensions for retirees by 3% compared to 2023 and significantly raised the minimum basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents. We have raised the annual per capita government subsidies for basic public health services to 94 yuan and annual per capita government subsidies for basic health insurance for rural and non-working urban residents to 670 yuan. Going forward, we will further boost expenditures in relevant areas based on the changing demographics as well as the diverse and multifaceted needs of our people, so as to deliver more benefits to them.

六是抓实化解地方政府债务风险。压实地方主体责任，按照一省一策，落实各项化债措施。中央财政在2023年安排地方政府债务限额超过2.2万亿元的基础上，2024年又安排1.2万亿元的额度，支持地方特别是高风险地区化解存量债务风险和清理拖欠企业账款等。地方债务风险整体缓释，化债工作取得阶段性成效。

Sixth, we have made real efforts to defuse local government debt risks. We have ensured that the primary responsibilities of local governments are fulfilled, implementing tailored risk defusing measures for each province. In addition to the over 2.2 trillion yuan local government debt limit approved by the central government in 2023, an additional 1.2 trillion yuan has been approved for 2024 to support localities, especially high-risk regions, in defusing risks caused by existing debts and settling overdue payments owed to enterprises. Overall, local government debt risks have been mitigated, signaling further progress in risk defusing.

总的看，积极的财政政策实施效果明显，有力保障了国家重大战略任务的落实，促进了经济运行总体平稳、稳中有进。当前，我国经济的基本面及市场广阔、经济韧性强、潜力大等有利条件并未改变，同时经济运行出现了一些新的情况和问题。预计全国一般公共预算收入增速不及预期。大家比较关注今年是否可以实现预算目标，在这里我可以负责任地告诉大家，中国财政有足够的韧劲，通过采取综合性措施，可以实现收支平衡，完成全年预算目标，请大家放心！

In general, the proactive fiscal policy has delivered remarkable results. It has provided effective support for the implementation of major national strategic tasks and has enabled the economy to achieve an overall stable performance while making progress. Currently, favorable conditions for China's economy remain unchanged, including its robust economic fundamentals, vast market size, strong economic resilience and huge potential. In the meantime, the country's economic performance has also encountered new situations and issues. For example, the growth rate for revenue of the national general public budget is lower than expected. Therefore, the public is concerned whether the country's annual budget target can be met. Here, I can assure you in a responsible manner that China's fiscal system is resilient enough and, by taking comprehensive measures, can achieve a balance between revenue and expenditures, meeting the annual budget target. Please don't worry!

按照9月26日召开的中央政治局会议部署，财政部在加快落实已确定政策的基础上，围绕稳增长、扩内需、化风险，将在近期陆续推出一揽子有针对性增量政策举措。主要包括以下几个方面：

In line with the decisions made at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on Sept. 26, the MOF is expediting the implementation of confirmed policies. Building on this, we will further focus on stabilizing growth, expanding domestic demand and defusing risks. In addition, we will introduce a package of targeted incremental fiscal policy measures mainly in the following areas:

一是加力支持地方化解政府债务风险，较大规模增加债务额度，支持地方化解隐性债务，地方可以腾出更多精力和财力空间来促发展、保民生。

First, more effort will be made to support local governments with dissolving debt, increasing the debt ceiling on a relatively large scale and assisting local governments to alleviate hidden debt, so that they can have greater capacity and fiscal space to promote growth and ensure people's well-being.

二是发行特别国债支持国有大型商业银行补充核心一级资本，提升这些银行抵御风险和信贷投放能力，更好地服务实体经济发展。

Second, special treasury bonds will be issued to support large state-owned commercial banks in replenishing their core tier 1 capital. This aims to enhance the banks' risk resilience and lending capacity to better serve the development of the real economy.

三是叠加运用地方政府专项债券、专项资金、税收政策等工具，支持推动房地产市场止跌回稳。

Third, a set of tools will be applied, including local government special-purpose bonds, special funds and taxation policies, in a bid to support the property market in resuming growth and returning to stability.

四是加大对重点群体的支持保障力度，国庆节前已向困难群众发放一次性生活补助，下一步还将针对学生群体加大奖优助困力度，提升整体消费能力。

Fourth, support for key groups will be increased. Before this year's National Day holiday, one-time living subsidies were distributed to people who are facing difficulties. Moving forward, the country will raise the standard of financial aid for college students, so as to enhance the overall capacity of consumption.

我再补充一点，逆周期调节绝不仅仅是以上的四点，这四点是目前已经进入决策程序的政策，我们还有其他政策工具也正在研究中。比如中央财政还有较大的举债空间和赤字提升空间。

I'd also like to add that the fiscal counter-cyclical adjustments are certainly not limited to these four areas. These are just the policies that have already entered the decision-making process. We are currently also exploring other policy tools as well. For instance, the central government has a relatively large capacity for debt financing and raising the deficit.

我先介绍到这里。接下来，我和我的几位同事非常乐意回答记者们提出的问题。谢谢大家！

That concludes my briefing. Next, my colleagues and I are more than happy to take your questions. Thank you.

寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

谢谢蓝部长的介绍。下面进入提问环节，提问前请通报一下所在的新闻机构。

Thank you, Mr. Lan. The floor is now open for questions. Please identify the media outlet you represent before asking questions.

新华社记者:

Xinhua News Agency:

我们看到日前召开的中央政治局会议提出，要保证必要的财政支出。请问财政部将具体采取哪些措施？谢谢。

The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee recently held a meeting and underscored the need to ensure necessary government expenditures. What specific measures will the MOF take in this regard? Thank you.

蓝佛安:

Lan Fo'an:

谢谢您的提问。今年以来，我们认真落实积极的财政政策，坚持适度加力、提质增效，加大对基本民生和重点领域的经费保障，保持财政支出强度，财政运行总体平稳有序，重点支出得到了比较好的保障。下面有几组数字：

Thank you for the question. Since the beginning of this year, the MOF has earnestly implemented the proactive fiscal policy, appropriately enhanced the intensity of the policy as well as has improved its quality and effectiveness. We have also strengthened guarantees with funding for people's basic livelihood and other key sectors, while maintaining a robust level of government expenditures. As a result, fiscal operations have remained generally stable and orderly, with critical expenditures being better ensured. Here are some statistics for your reference:

1-9月份，全国一般公共预算支出20.18万亿元，增长2%。其中，社会保障和就业支出增长4.3%，教育支出增长1.1%，农林水支出增长6.4%，城乡社区支出增长6.1%，住房保障支出增长2.5%。全国一般公共预算收入执行情况低于年初预算设定的目标。我们将多措并举、综合施策，确保全年实现收支平衡。刚才我也提到了，在工作中，既要依法依规筹集财政收入，也要避免收过头税，切实维护经营主体权益。同时，保持必要的财政支出强度，确保重点支出应支尽支，发挥好财政逆周期调节作用，推动完成全年经济社会发展目标任务。我们有以下三个措施：

From January to September, general public expenditures increased by 2% year on year to 20.18 trillion yuan. Specifically, spending on social security and employment rose by 4.3%; expenditures on education rose by 1.1%; expenditures on agriculture, forestry and water conservancy increased by 6.4%; expenditures on urban and rural communities rose by 6.1%; and housing support spending rose by 2.5%. In contrast, the national general public budget revenue is lower than the target set at the beginning of the year. Thus, we will take multiple measures and comprehensive policies to achieve a balance between revenue and expenditures. As I mentioned earlier, the MOF needs to raise fiscal revenue in accordance with laws and regulations, while also avoiding the collection of tax not prescribed by law and effectively safeguarding the rights and interests of business entities. In the meantime, the MOF will work to maintain a robust level of mandatory government expenditures as well as ensure necessary and sufficient funding for key sectors. It will better leverage the role of fiscal counter-cyclical adjustments and work to accomplish the country's annual economic and social development goals. Our measures in this regard lie in the following three aspects:

一是有效补充财力。中央财政从地方政府债务结存限额中安排了4000亿元，补充地方政府综合财力，支持地方化解存量政府投资项目债务和消化政府拖欠企业账款。鼓励有条件的地方盘活闲置资产，加强国有资本收益管理，努力增加财政收入。指导地方依法依规使用预算稳定调节基金等存量资金，保障财政支出需要。

First, the MOF will effectively provide additional fiscal resources. The central government has allocated 400 billion yuan from carryover quotas for local government debts. The move aims to provide additional fiscal resources for local governments, supporting them in alleviating existing debt from government investment and settling overdue payments owed to private businesses. The MOF will encourage regions with favorable conditions to put idle assets into good use, to strengthen management of state-owned enterprises' profits and to work toward increasing fiscal revenue. The MOF will also guide local governments with using budget stabilization adjustment funds and other idle funds in accordance with laws and regulations to meet the demands of safeguarding government expenditures.

二是切实保障各项重点支出。坚持党政机关习惯过紧日子的要求，严格控制一般性支出，将更多资金用于补短板、强弱项、惠民生，确保重点支出力度不减。从刚才罗列的几个数字就可以看到，重点支出都保持较高幅度增长。强化科技、教育等重点支出保障，落实好城乡居民基础养老金提标、基本公共卫生服务经费财政补助提标等民生政策，有力支持乡村全面振兴、绿色发展、区域协调发展等重大战略，保障党中央确定的各项政策落实到位。

Second, the MOF will effectively ensure expenditures on key sectors. In line with the directive that Party and government institutions must get used to keeping their belts tightened, the MOF will strictly control general expenditures, directing more funds to address shortcomings, strengthen weaknesses and deliver benefits to the people, so as to ensure that key expenditures will not be reduced. As you can see from the figures mentioned earlier, expenditures on key sectors have all maintained a high level of growth. In addition, the MOF will strengthen support for expenditures on critical sectors such as science and technology as well as education. It will better implement polices related to people's well-being, such as raising the basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents and the annual per person government subsidies for basic public health services. The MOF will also effectively support key strategies such as all-round rural revitalization, green development and coordinated regional development, ensuring the sound implementation of various policies set by the CPC Central Committee.

三是用足用好各类债务资金。目前，增发国债正在加快使用，超长期特别国债也在陆续下达使用。专项债券方面，待发额度加上已发未用的资金，后三个月各地共有2.3万亿元专项债券资金可安排使用。我们将督促地方切实用好各类债券资金，加快项目实施进度，根据实际需要及时拨付资金，尽快形成实物工作量，发挥对投资的拉动作用。谢谢。

Third, the MOF will fully and properly utilize various debt funds. At present, the use of additional treasury bonds is being accelerated, and ultra-long special treasury bonds are also being issued and utilized. In terms of special-purpose bonds, there is a total of 2.3 trillion yuan in special-purpose bond funds available for use from October to December of this year. This total is with the pending issuance quota and funds that have been issued but not yet put to use. The MOF will urge local governments to effectively make good use of various funds from bond issues, expedite project implementation and ensure the timely allocation of funds based on actual needs. By doing so, our aim is to achieve tangible results and to leverage local governments' empowering roles in driving investments. Thank you.

南方日报南方+记者:

Nanfang Daily, Nanfang Plus:

刚才蓝部长也提到，下一步要加力支持地方化解隐性债务。能否介绍一下采取的措施和下一步的政策安排？另外，市场传言将有几万亿的财政政策安排，刚才您也提到要较大规模增加债务额度支持地方化债，能否对此进行确认？谢谢。

Mr. Lan mentioned that the MOF will increase support for local governments to defuse hidden debt risks. Could you brief us on what measures will be taken and the next policy plans? In addition, there are rumors from the market that there will be fiscal policy quotas of several trillion yuan, and you just mentioned that you will significantly increase the debt ceiling to replace existing hidden debts of local governments. Could you provide more details in this regard? Thank you.

蓝佛安:

Lan Fo'an:

谢谢您的提问。防范化解地方政府债务风险是事关发展和安全、事关财政可持续发展的重大问题。2015年以来，党中央要求建立健全规范的地方政府举债融资机制，开好“前门”、严堵“后门”，坚决遏制隐性债务规模、增量，稳妥化解存量，切实防范债务风险。财政部会同相关部门坚决贯彻落实，相继采取了一系列的措施，发行地方政府债券置换存量政府债务，建立地方政府债务“闭环”管理制度体系，推动债务风险较低的北京、上海、广东实现存量隐性债务清零，在债务风险较高的县区开展化债试点，联合相关部门防范化解融资平台隐性债务风险、加强政府投资项目管理。地方各级党委政府认真落实主体责任，建立了多部门协作联动机制，统筹开展债务管理和风险防范化解工作，通过安排财政资金、动用资产资源等方式积极偿还债务，稳妥化解政府债务风险，取得了阶段性成果。

Thank you for your questions. Preventing and defusing local government debt is a major issue related to development and security, and the sustainable development of finance. Since 2015, the CPC Central Committee has required the establishment of sound and standard mechanisms for local governments to secure financing, opening wider the "front door" for local governments to raise funds in compliance with the regulations, while barricading the "back door" of borrowing money via methods that are illegal and against regulations, resolutely curbing the scale and expansion of hidden debt, steadily defusing existing debt, and effectively preventing debt risks. The MOF, along with relevant departments, has resolutely implemented and adopted a series of measures, including issuing local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, establishing closed-loop management for local government debt, promoting Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong, where debt risks are relatively low, to achieve zero hidden debt, carrying out pilot debt relief projects in counties and districts with relatively high debt risks, and jointly preventing and defusing hidden debt risks of financing platforms, and strengthening the management of government investment projects with relevant departments. Party committees and governments at all levels have conscientiously assumed their principal responsibility, established a multi-departmental collaborative mechanism, coordinated the management of debts and the prevention and relief of debt risks, actively paid back debts by arranging fiscal funds and using assets and resources, and steadily defused government debt risks, making important progress.

2022年下半年开始，受多种因素的影响，一些地方出现了债务风险隐患。2023年7月，中央政治局会议要求，要有效防范化解地方债务风险，制定实施一揽子化债方案。国务院建立工作协调机制，指导各省份制定具体化债方案。各有关部门、各级地方党委和政府加大工作力度，采取了更多的务实举措，财政部安排了超过2.2万亿元地方政府债券额度，支持地方特别是高风险地区化解存量债务风险和清理拖欠企业账款，地方政府债务风险得到了整体缓解。截至2023年末，全国纳入政府债务信息平台的隐性债务余额比2018年摸底数减少了50%，债务风险可控。

Starting from the second half of 2022, debt risks and hidden dangers have emerged in some places due to various factors. In July 2023, a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee stated that we should effectively guard against and defuse local debt risks, and formulate and implement a package of debt-clearing plans. The State Council established a work coordination mechanism to guide provinces to formulate specific debt-clearing plans. Relevant departments, Party committees and governments at all levels have stepped up their efforts and taken more pragmatic measures. The MOF set up a bond issuance quota of over 2.2 trillion yuan in 2023 to support localities and particularly high-risk areas, in addressing existing debt risks and clearing arrears owed to enterprises, alleviating the overall local government debt risks. Outstanding hidden debt registered on the government platform nationwide dropped 50% compared to five years ago at the end of 2023, and the risks are controllable.

2024年以来，经履行相关程序，财政部已经安排了1.2万亿元债务限额支持地方化解存量隐性债务和消化政府拖欠企业账款。为了缓解地方政府的化债压力，除每年继续在新增专项债限额中专门安排一定规模的债券用于支持化解存量政府投资项目债务外，拟一次性增加较大规模债务限额置换地方政府存量隐性债务，加大力度支持地方化解债务风险，相关政策待履行法定程序后再向社会作详尽说明。需要强调的是，这项即将实施的政策，是近年来出台的支持化债力度最大的一项措施，这无疑是一场政策及时雨，将大大减轻地方化债压力，可以腾出更多的资源发展经济，提振经营主体信心，巩固基层“三保”。

Since 2024, after fulfilling relevant procedures, the MOF has arranged an additional 1.2 trillion yuan of quota to support local governments in clearing existing hidden debts and settling arrears to enterprises. In order to ease the pressure on local governments to defuse risks caused by debts, in addition to continuing to arrange a certain amount of quota in the new special bond limit each year to support the relief of existing government investment project debts, we planned to substantially raise the local government debt ceiling in one lump sum to pave the way for the replacement of existing hidden local debts, increase support for local governments to defuse debt risks. The relevant policies will be explained in detail to the public after going through the statutory procedures. It should be emphasized that this policy, which is about to be implemented, is the most powerful measure to support debt relief in recent years. This is undoubtedly a timely policy, and will greatly ease the burden on localities to defuse debt risks, release more resources for economic development, boost the confidence of business entities, and ensure that, at the primary level, basic living needs are met, salaries are paid, and governments function smoothly.

下一步，财政部将会同相关部门进一步压实地方化债主体责任，指导地方稳妥化解隐性债务风险和推动融资平台转型。同时，对违法违规举债问题严肃查处问责并限时整改，发现一起、查处一起、问责一起，坚决遏制新增隐性债务的风险。

Next, the MOF will work with relevant departments to ensure that primary responsibilities of local governments in local debt clearing are fulfilled, guide local governments to steadily defuse hidden debt risks, and promote the transformation of financing platforms. At the same time, we will strictly investigate and hold to account those who violate laws and regulations on debt issuance and rectify them within a time limit. Any issuance of debt that is illegal or against regulations will be dealt with immediately, and those responsible will be held accountable to resolutely control the risk of hidden debt expansion.

关于你提到的具体资金数量安排问题，经过法定程序后，会及时向社会公开。谢谢。

As for the specific amount of policy arrangements you mentioned, we will make it public in a timely manner after going through the statutory procedures. Thank you.

俄通塔斯社记者:

TASS:

我的问题是关于房地产市场的。请问，财政政策在支持房地产市场发展方面有什么考虑？谢谢。

My question is about the real estate market. What are the considerations of fiscal policy measures in supporting the development of the sector? Thank you.

廖岷:

Liao Min:

谢谢记者的提问。房地产是大家都很关心的问题。财政部与相关部门同向发力，聚焦促进房地产市场供需平衡，不断优化财税政策，推动房地产行业回归平稳健康发展轨道。

Thank you for your question. Real estate is an issue of public concern. The MOF has worked in alignment with relevant departments to focus on promoting a balance between supply and demand in the real estate market, continuously optimizing fiscal and tax policies, promoting China's property market to return to a stable and healthy trajectory.

我给大家介绍一下，在已出台的政策中，包括需求端、供给端和化解风险三个方面：

I will brief you on the policies that have been introduced in three areas: the demand side, the supply side and risk mitigation.

在需求端，主要是支持满足居民多样化住房需求、降低购房成本。包括出台的“卖旧买新”换购住房阶段性个人所得税退税政策，例如，现有住房卖了200万元，原值100万元，应交个税约20万元，但是您如果在一年内再购买一套200万元以上的住房，已交纳的20万元个税可全额退还。再比如，我们配合相关部门，降低住房公积金贷款利率0.25个百分点，据测算，全国每年可节省的公积金个人贷款利息支出约200亿元。这两项政策，对于降低居民的购房负担、增加住房需求发挥了重要作用。

On the demand side, we are mainly working to support people's diverse housing needs and reduce housing costs. This includes the introduction of the phased personal income tax refund policy for "selling old and buying new" housing exchanges. For example, if the existing house is sold for 2 million yuan and the original value was 1 million yuan, the personal income tax payable is about 200,000 yuan, but if you sell it and then purchase another house worth more than 2 million yuan within one year, the personal income tax of 200,000 yuan already paid can be fully refunded. For another example, we have cooperated with relevant departments to cut the loan rates of individual housing provident fund by 0.25 percentage point. It is projected that this policy can save about 20 billion yuan in provident fund personal loan interest payments every year. These two policies have played an important role in reducing the financial burden on homebuyers and increasing housing demand.

在供给端，我们主要是支持优化保障性住房供给、兜牢民生底线。近三年，中央财政安排了保障性安居工程补助资金2124亿元、中央预算内投资2800亿元，并统筹地方政府专项债券等，支持筹集各类保障性住房666万套，用于满足城市中低收入群体、新市民还有青年人的基本住房需求。同时，也支持各地积极稳妥推进老旧小区改造16万个、惠及居民2725万户，支持棚户区、城中村、城市危旧房改造420万户，发挥了稳投资、促消费和惠民生的重要作用。

On the supply side, we primarily support optimizing the provision of government-subsidized housing as well as securing people's basic livelihoods. Over the past three years, the central government has allocated 212.4 billion yuan in subsidies for government-subsidized housing projects and 280 billion yuan in central government budgetary investments. It has also coordinated local government special bonds to support the development of 6.66 million units of various types of government-subsidized housing that are aimed at meeting the basic housing needs of middle- and low-income urban groups, new urban migrants and young people. Additionally, we have supported the renovation of 160,000 old urban residential compounds, benefiting 27.25 million households, and have helped refurbished 4.2 million housing units in run-down urban areas, and urban villages and other dilapidated urban houses. This has played a crucial role in stabilizing investments, promoting consumption and improving people's livelihoods.

在化解存量风险方面，财政部门配合出台了“保交楼”专项借款政策，对3500亿元专项借款予以贴息，去年以来已预拨贴息资金62亿元，支持保障购房人合法权益。我们还配合推动保交房攻坚战、消化存量商品房和闲置土地等，防范和化解房地产风险，稳定社会预期。

In terms of defusing risks caused by available housing, the MOF has collaborated in releasing the special loan policy for ensuring that overdue housing projects were completed, providing interest subsidies to 350-billion-yuan special loans. Since last year, we have pre-allocated 6.2 billion yuan in interest subsidies to safeguard the legitimate rights of homebuyers. We have also worked to enhance efforts to ensure the timely delivery of homes, to reduce available commodity housing, to leverage idle land and to prevent and mitigate risks in the real estate market, keeping expectations stable.

关于下一步的考虑，刚才蓝部长介绍的举措中第三条，讲的就是房地产政策。下一步，我们将坚持严控增量、优化存量、提高质量，积极研究出台有利于房地产平稳发展的政策措施。在此，我向大家通报，财政部主要有以下三个方面的考虑：

Regarding our next steps, the third measure that Mr. Lan just mentioned pertains to real estate policy. Moving forward, we will adhere to strictly controlling increase in new projects, optimizing available stock and improving quality. We will actively research and introduce policies that contribute to the stable development of the real estate market. Here, I'd like to share with you all three main considerations that the MOF has in mind:

第一，允许专项债券用于土地储备。主要是考虑到当前各地闲置未开发的土地相对较多，支持地方政府使用专项债券回收符合条件的闲置存量土地，确有需要的地区也可以用于新增的土地储备项目。这项政策，既可以调节土地市场的供需关系，减少闲置土地，增强对土地供给的调控能力，又有利于缓解地方政府和房地产企业的流动性和债务压力。

First, we will allow the use of special bonds with land reserves. This is mainly due to the relatively large amount of idle, undeveloped land across the country. We will support local governments in using special bonds to acquire qualifying idle land reserves. Regions with pressing needs can also use these bonds for new land reserve projects. This policy can adjust the supply-and-demand balance within the land market, reduce idle land, better regulate and control land supply as well as ease liquidity and debt pressures on local governments and real estate companies.

第二，支持收购存量房，优化保障性住房供给。考虑到当前已建待售的住房相对较多，我们主要采取两项支持措施：一项是，用好专项债券来收购存量商品房用作各地的保障性住房。另一项是，继续用好保障性安居工程补助资金，原来这个资金主要是用来支持以新建方式筹集保障性住房的房源，现在我们对支持的方向作出优化调整，适当减少新建规模，支持地方更多通过消化存量房的方式来筹集保障性住房的房源。通过这两项措施，既可以消化存量商品房，促进房地产市场的供需平衡，又可以优化保障房的供给，满足广大中低收入人群的住房需求。

Second, we will support the purchase of available housing to optimize the supply of government-subsidized housing. Considering that there is currently large completed yet unsold housing inventory, we will implement two supporting measures: One is to utilize special bonds to purchase available commercial housing that will be used as government-subsidized housing. The other is to continue using government-subsidized housing subsidy funds. Previously, these funds were primarily used to support new government-subsidized housing projects. Now, we are adjusting the focus by reducing the scale of new construction and supporting local governments in gathering government-subsidized housing sources through the absorption of available homes. These two measures will help reduce the unsold commercial housing inventory, balance supply and demand in the real estate market, and optimize the supply of government-subsidized housing to meet the needs of middle- and low-income groups.

第三，及时优化完善相关税收政策。按照党中央决策部署，我们正在抓紧研究明确与取消普通住宅和非普通住宅标准相衔接的增值税、土地增值税政策。下一步，还将进一步研究加大支持力度，调整优化相关税收政策，促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。

Third, we will promptly optimize and improve relevant tax policies. According to the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, we will clarify policies on value-added taxes and land appreciation taxes in line with the scrapping of standards for ordinary and non-ordinary housing. Moving forward, we will work out more policies to enhance support, adjust and optimize tax, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.

促进房地产稳定发展是一项系统工程，需要各项政策协同发力。政策执行中，我们将持续加强财政政策与其他政策的协调，加强中央与地方的联动，加强新老政策的衔接，打好组合拳，坚定不移推动房地产市场止跌回稳。

Promoting the stable development of the real estate market is a systematic project that requires the concerted efforts of various policies. In policy implementation, we will continue to strengthen synchronization between fiscal policy and other policies, enhance central-local coordination, and ensure the alignment between new and old policies. By employing a coordinated approach, we will unwaveringly work to stabilize the real estate market and curb further declines.

谢谢大家！

Thank you all.

每日经济新闻记者:

National Business Daily:

我们注意到，当前一些地方保基本民生、保工资、保运转这“三保”压力增大，刚才蓝部长也提到了“三保”工作，各方面对此也非常关注。请问今年以来财政采取了哪些措施支持地方兜牢基层“三保”底线？

We've noticed that some localities are facing increased pressure to ensure the "Three Guarantees" (guaranteeing basic living needs, payment of salaries and government functioning). Mr. Lan also mentioned the "Three Guarantees" earlier and they're something that people pay close attention to. What measures has the MOF taken this year to support local governments to ensure that, at the primary level, the "Three Guarantees" are met?"

蓝佛安:

Lan Fo'an:

谢谢您的提问。做好基层保基本民生、保工资、保运转工作，这就是我们常说的“三保”，是保障人民群众切身利益的基本要求，也是财政的基本职能。2024年，财政部不断健全覆盖预算编制、预算执行、动态监测、应急处置的“三保”管理体系，推动基层“三保”平稳运行。我们主要有以下四个措施：一是加强基层“三保”财力保障。2024年中央财政安排对地方转移支付预算超过10万亿元，并督促地方将财力下沉基层，优先足额安排“三保”经费预算。我们这里所说的基层，主要是县一级。二是建立健全工作机制。我们按照“县级为主、市级帮扶（兜底）、省级兜底、中央激励”的原则，层层压实责任，做细“三保”风险应急处置预案。三是增强库款保障能力。加强对困难县区的库款调度，保障“三保”资金支付需要。四是加强地方财政运行监测。我们现在依托预算管理一体化系统，全国所有的预算单位和基层财政运行都能监测到，库款是多少，“三保”进度怎么样，我们都清清楚楚。我们按月向各地推送“三保”风险提示，并督促地方及时做好应对处置。

Thank you for your question. Ensuring basic welfare, wages and government functioning, referred to as the "Three Guarantees," is a basic requirement for safeguarding the fundamental interests of the people and is also a core function of fiscal policy. In 2024, the MOF has continued to improve the management system for the "Three Guarantees," covering budget formulation, budget execution, dynamic monitoring and emergency response, and ensuring the stable operation of the "Three Guarantees" at the primary level. We have mainly taken the following four measures: First, we are strengthening fiscal support for the "Three Guarantees" at the primary level. In 2024, the central government has planned to allocate more than 10 trillion yuan in budgets for transfer payments to local governments and has urged local authorities to direct these funds to the primary level, prioritizing and fully funding budgets for the "Three Guarantees." Here, the term "primary" mainly refers to the county level. Second, we are establishing and improving work mechanisms. We follow the principle of "county-level responsibility, city-level assistance (as a safety net), provincial-level safety net and central-level incentives," ensuring that responsibilities are fulfilled at every level and that detailed emergency response plans for risks related to the "Three Guarantees" are in place. Third, we are enhancing treasury fund security. We have strengthened treasury management in financially struggling counties to ensure that funds for the "Three Guarantees" are available when needed. Fourth, we are strengthening monitoring of local fiscal operations. Leveraging an integrated budget management system, we now have real-time monitoring of all budget units and primary-level fiscal operations nationwide. We can clearly see how much treasury funds are available and track progress with the "Three Guarantees." We issue monthly risk alerts to local governments and urge them to take timely action when addressing any issues.

总的看，当前基层“三保”呈现总体平稳、局部偏紧的态势。根据全国基层财力总量测算，“三保”底线是有保障的。以2023年为例，基层“三保”支出约占可用财力的五成左右，如果再加上其他的刚性支出，占可用财力的八成左右。局部地区“三保”压力增大，主要是受财政收入增长放缓、土地出让收入下滑以及地方政府债务负担等影响。

Overall, the "Three Guarantees" at the primary level are generally stable, although some areas are facing increasing fiscal pressures. Based on national estimates of financial resources at the primary level, the foundation for supporting the "Three Guarantees" is secure. For example, in 2023, around 50% of available local fiscal resources were allocated to the "Three Guarantees." When factoring in other mandatory expenditures, this figure rises to around 80%. The increased pressure in some regions is largely due to slower fiscal revenue growth, declining land transfer income, and the burden of local government debt.

下一步，财政部将持续采取务实管用的措施，研究制定“三保”清单，积极构建长效机制，筑牢兜实基层“三保”底线。具体有以下五条措施：

Looking ahead, the MOF will continue to take practical and effective measures, establish a "Three Guarantees" checklist, and build a long-term mechanism to secure the bottom line at the primary level. The following five specific measures will be implemented:

一是压实各方责任。地方各级党委和政府是本地区“三保”的第一责任主体，要定期研究完善保障措施。各职能部门对本领域“三保”政策落实负主要责任，并与财政部门建立横向协同机制，形成工作合力。

First, clarifying responsibilities. Local Party committees and governments at all levels are the primary entities responsible for ensuring the "Three Guarantees" in their areas and they should regularly review and improve their support mechanisms. Functional departments are accountable for implementing policies within their fields and will work closely with financial departments to coordinate their efforts.

二是增强地方财力。结合年度预算安排，持续加大中央对地方财力性转移支付力度。刚才在前面我也讲了，今年利用债务结存限额，向地方下达了4000亿元的债务限额，用于补充综合财力，这对“三保”的保障是有积极意义的。清理规范专项转移支付，优化转移支付结构，提高财力性转移支付比重；同时，拓展地方税源、适当扩大地方税收管理权限，增加地方自主财力。

Second, boosting local financial resources. The central government will continue to increase general transfer payments to local governments through the annual budget. As mentioned earlier, this year, 400 billion yuan in debt limits were allocated to local governments to supplement their comprehensive financial resources, which is important for ensuring the "Three Guarantees." We will also streamline and standardize special transfer payments, optimize their structure, increase the share of general transfer payments, expand local tax bases, and moderately increase local tax management authority to enhance local financial autonomy.

三是强化库款调度。持续跟踪地方收支运行和库款保障情况，对库款紧张的地方，中央财政通过提前调度资金等方式予以适当支持。督促省级财政部门加强库款监测，增强基层库款保障能力，优先满足“三保”支出需要。

Third, improving fund allocation. We will closely monitor local revenue, expenditure and cash balances. For areas facing tight cash flow, the central government will provide support by advancing fund allocations. Provincial financial departments will be urged to strengthen monitoring and ensure sufficient funds at the primary level, prioritizing the meeting of basic living needs, payment of salaries, and smooth functioning of governments.

四是缓解债务压力。更大力度置换地方政府存量隐性债务，刚才我们已经讲到了较大规模债务限额，履行法律程序后会向社会详细说明，并继续在年度新增地方政府专项债务限额中，安排一定额度用于补充政府性基金财力，支持地方化解债务风险。

Fourth, easing debt pressure. We will intensify efforts to restructure the hidden debt of local governments. As previously mentioned, we plan to implement a sizable debt limit, details of which will be released to the public once the legal procedures are completed. Additionally, we will allocate part of the annual local government special bond quota to supplement government funds, helping local governments manage debt risks.

五是加强动态监测。推动建立覆盖“三保”全过程的信息化、智能化监测体系，动态捕捉潜在风险，及时进行预警和提示，做到问题早发现、早处置。谢谢。

Fifth, enhancing dynamic monitoring. We will establish an information-driven, intelligent monitoring system that covers the entire process of the "Three Guarantees." This system will track potential risks in real time, issue early warnings, and ensure problems are detected and addressed promptly. Thank you.

路透社记者:

Reuters:

中国积极财政政策在提振消费和防范通缩风险方面，怎么样能发挥更大的作用？另外，还想问一下，一揽子财政政策规模有没有大概的估计？中央财政加杠杆的空间会有多大？谢谢。

How can China's proactive fiscal policy be more effective in boosting consumption and preventing deflationary risks? Additionally, is there an estimate for the scale of this fiscal policy package? And how much room is there for the central government to leverage its finances?

蓝佛安:

Lan Fo'an:

谢谢您的提问。今年以来，我们更加注重发挥积极财政政策逆周期调节作用，保持财政支出强度，在扩内需、促消费、惠民生等方面，我们持续发力，推动激发消费潜力、扩大有效需求。主要有三个方面：

Thank you for your questions. This year, we have focused more on the counter-cyclical role of proactive fiscal policy, maintaining strong fiscal spending, and continuously working to stimulate consumption and expand effective demand, especially in areas like boosting domestic demand, stimulate consumption and improving people's livelihoods. We have been actively working in three main areas:

一是多举措增加居民收入。稳步提高社会保障水平，2024年进一步提高了城乡居民基础养老金最低标准，是历次提标调增幅度最大的。退休人员养老金水平总体提高3%左右，城乡居民医保人均财政补助标准也有较大幅度提高。在做好分层分类社会救助保障的基础上，今年国庆节前，还向特困人员、孤儿等生活困难群众发放了一次性生活补助，提高困难群众收入，增强低收入群体的消费能力和意愿。

First, increasing household income through a range of measures. We have steadily raised social security levels. In 2024, the minimum standard for basic pensions for urban and rural residents has been further increased, which was the largest increase in history. Pension levels for retirees have also been raised by around 3%, and per capita government subsidies for urban and rural residents' health insurance have been significantly increased. In addition to improving the tiered social assistance system, we distributed one-time living allowances before the National Day holiday to disadvantaged groups and individuals, such as people in extreme difficulties and orphans, to boost their incomes and enhance their capacity and willingness to spend.

二是多渠道增加政府投资。刚才我们也讲到，2024年发行超长期特别国债1万亿元、新增地方政府专项债务限额3.9万亿元、安排中央预算内投资7000亿元，再加上2023年增发国债资金，实际可用于增加政府投资的资金规模较去年大幅度增加，带动有效投资，扩大国内需求。

Second, expanding government investment through multiple channels. As mentioned earlier, the issuance of 1 trillion yuan in ultra-long special treasury bonds, an additional 3.9 trillion yuan quota for local government special bonds, and 700 billion yuan in central government budget investment in 2024, combined with the additional government bonds issued in 2023, the total funds available for increasing government investment have significantly increased compared to last year, driving effective investment and expanding domestic demand.

三是大力度实施“两新”政策。安排3000亿元左右超长期特别国债资金，从8月底、9月初开始，各地方陆续推出具体的操作办法，主要是加力支持重点领域设备更新，进一步提升地方消费品以旧换新能力，有力拉动投资增长、释放消费潜力、促进产业发展。

Third, implementing the policy of large-scale equipment upgrades and consumer goods trade-ins. We have allocated around 300 billion yuan in ultra-long special treasury bonds, with local governments beginning to roll out specific operational measures since late August and early September. These measures focus on supporting key sectors, particularly equipment upgrades, enhancing local capacity to replace old consumer goods with new ones, driving investment growth, unlocking consumption potential and promoting industrial development.

下一步，财政部将继续坚持精准施策、靶向发力，优化基础性政策机制安排，改善居民收入预期，激发消费潜能；用好专项资金、贷款贴息等工具，完善商贸流通体系，改善消费环境；发挥政府债券牵引作用，带动有效投资，扩大国内需求。

Looking ahead, the MOF will continue to focus on targeted, precise policies. We will optimize fundamental policy mechanisms, improve residents' income expectations, and stimulate consumption potential. We will also make better use of special funds and interest subsidies on loans, improve the trade and circulation system, and enhance the consumption environment. Additionally, we will leverage government bonds to drive effective investment and expand domestic demand.

关于您提的第二个问题，中央财政在加杠杆方面的空间有多大。刚才在开场白中我也讲到，中央财政在举债和提升赤字方面是有较大空间的。下一步，我们将按照党中央决策部署，统筹发展与安全，结合经济形势、宏观调控需要、财政收支状况等因素，合理运用好债务政策工具，促进经济持续向好。谢谢！

As for your second question regarding the central government's potential for fiscal leverage, I mentioned earlier that the central government has considerable room to increase debt and raise the deficit. Moving forward, we will follow the decisions of the CPC Central Committee, balance development and security, and take into account such factors as the economic situation, macroeconomic needs and the fiscal position. We will use debt policy tools appropriately to promote sustained economic development. Thank you.

第一财经记者:

Yicai:

最近，财政部正在研究出台专项债管理新举措。请问，今年以来专项债发行使用情况如何？下一步将从哪些方面加强管理？谢谢。

Recently, the MOF has been studying the introduction of new measures for managing special bonds. Could you provide an update on the issuance and use of special bonds since the beginning of this year? What steps will be taken to strengthen management going forward? Thank you.

王东伟:

Wang Dongwei:

好，谢谢您的提问。近年来，财政部会同有关部门建立健全专项债管理政策制度，指导地方提升专项债项目质量，持续发挥专项债在带动扩大有效投资、稳定宏观经济大盘等方面的重要作用。2020年以来累计安排新增专项债券18.7万亿元，支持了约13万个政府投资项目，2024年安排新增专项债券3.9万亿元，刚才蓝部长讲了，这是历年来规模最大的一年。

Thank you for your question. In recent years, the MOF, along with relevant departments, has established and improved policies and systems for managing special bonds. We've guided local governments to enhance the quality of special bond projects. These bonds have played a crucial role in driving effective investment and stabilizing the macroeconomy. Since 2020, we've allocated a total of 18.7 trillion yuan for new special bonds, supporting about 130,000 government investment projects. As Mr. Lan mentioned earlier, in 2024, we have allocated 3.9 trillion yuan for new special bonds, the largest amount ever.

我们聚焦更好地发挥政府投资带动作用，认真组织做好专项债券分配和发行使用工作，一方面，加大对经济大省专项债券支持力度，额度分配向项目准备充分、投资效率较高的地区倾斜，支持经济大省重大项目建设。另一方面，合理安排其他地区专项债券额度，推动在建项目续建完工和国家重大战略项目落地实施。再就是，指导地方加快专项债券发行使用，加强调度，按旬通报专项债券发行使用进度。截至9月底，各地发行新增专项债券3.6万亿元，占全年额度的92.5%。

We've focused on leveraging government investment more effectively, and carefully organizing the allocation, issuance and use of special bonds. We've increased support for major economically developed provinces to use funds raised from the sale of special bonds. These funds will be weighed toward regions where projects are well-prepared and investments are more effective. We've also reasonably allocated special bond quotas to other regions to complete ongoing projects and implement national strategic initiatives. We've guided local governments to accelerate bond issuance and use, strengthening coordination and providing updates every 10 days. As of late September, 3.6 trillion yuan in new special bonds had been issued nationwide, 92.5% of the annual quota.

在做好上述工作的基础上，下一步，要研究扩大专项债券使用范围，健全管理机制，保持政府投资力度和节奏，合理降低融资成本，切实推动高质量发展。具体而言有三点：

Building on this work, we aim to expand the scope of the use of special bonds, improve management mechanisms, maintain government investment intensity and pace, reasonably reduce financing costs, and promote high-quality development. Specifically, there are three key areas:

第一，扩范围。主要有三点：一是研究完善专项债券投向清单管理，增加用作项目资本金的领域，最大限度扩大使用范围。二是用好专项债券支持收购存量商品房用作保障性住房，刚才蓝部长、廖岷副部长都讲到了这一点，支持房地产市场健康发展。三是合理支持前瞻性、战略性新兴产业基础设施，推动新质生产力加快发展。

First, expanding the scope. This involves three main aspects. First, we will research and improve the management of lists of investments using funds from the sale of special bonds, increasing areas where funds can be used as project capital to maximize their usage. Second, we will make good use of special bonds to support the acquisition of existing commercial housing for affordable housing, as Mr. Lan and Mr. Liao mentioned, to support healthy real estate market development. Third, we will reasonably support forward-looking, and strategic emerging industry infrastructure to accelerate the development of new quality productive forces.

第二，强机制。研究完善项目管理机制，打通在建项目“绿色通道”，推动项目谋划储备和建设实施的有效衔接，加快专项债券发行使用和项目建设进度，加快形成实物工作量，切实发挥政府投资引导带动作用。

Second, strengthening mechanisms. We're studying ways to improve project management, creating a "green channel" for ongoing projects to ensure smooth transitions from planning to implementation. This will accelerate the issuance and use of special bonds, speed up project construction, and quickly generate tangible results. The goal is to effectively leverage government investment to guide and drive economic growth.

第三，严管理。主要有三点：一是完善专项债券“借用管还”全生命周期管理，加强债券资金支出监管，落实项目主管部门和项目单位责任。二是健全完善专项债券项目资产台账，分类管理项目资产，确保政府负债和项目资产平衡。三是探索专项债券提前偿还，研究建立健全偿债备付金制度，保障专项债券偿还来源。谢谢。

Third, tightening management. This involves three main aspects: First, we will improve the full lifecycle management of special bonds from borrowing to repayment, strengthen oversight of bond fund expenditures, and ensure project departments and units fulfill their responsibilities. Second, we will improve the management of asset account books for special bond projects, managing project assets by category to ensure a balance between government debt and project assets. Third, we will explore early repayments of special bonds, studying the establishment of a debt service reserve system to secure repayment sources. Thank you.

新京报记者:

The Beijing News:

提一个关于学生资助政策的问题。我们注意到，作为增量政策的重要内容，近期财政部正在研究完善高校学生资助体系。我们想了解近期会有哪些新的政策部署？谢谢。

I have a question regarding students' financial aid policies. We've noticed that the MOF is currently studying ways to improve the financial aid system for college students, which is an important part of incremental policies. We'd like to know what new policies and measures are planned for the near future. Thank you.

郭婷婷:

Guo Tingting:

谢谢记者的提问。近年来，财政部会同教育部等有关部门，不断完善覆盖全学段学生资助体系，持续加大投入力度，逐步提高资助标准，支持学生安心求学、成长成才。目前，我国已建立政府主导、学校和社会积极参与的全方位资助体系，主要包括国家奖学金和助学金、国家助学贷款、学费减免、生活补助、勤工助学等政策。2023年，全国财政投入932亿元，资助高校学生超过3100万人次；通过财政贴息等政策，支持银行发放国家助学贷款700亿元。

Thank you for your question. In recent years, the MOF, along with the Ministry of Education and other relevant departments, has continuously improved the student financial aid system covering all educational stages. We've steadily increased investment and gradually raised assistance standards to support students in focusing on their studies and personal development. Currently, China has established a comprehensive aid system led by the government with active participation from schools and the public. This system mainly includes state scholarships and grants, government-subsidized student loans, tuition reductions, living allowances and work-study programs. In 2023, government investment reached 93.2 billion yuan nationwide, benefiting over 31 million college students. Through policies such as loan interest subsidies, we supported banks in issuing 70 billion yuan in government-subsidized student loans.

刚才蓝部长也讲到， 下一步，我们将会同相关部门从奖优和助困两方面，分两步调整完善高校学生资助政策。第一步，在2024年推出以下政策措施：

As Mr. Lan mentioned earlier, in the next step, we will work with relevant departments to adjust and improve student financial aid policies in higher education in two phases, focusing on rewarding excellence and assisting those in need. In the first phase, we will introduce the following policies and measures in 2024:

一是国家奖学金奖励名额翻倍。本专科生国家奖学金名额，从每年6万名增加到12万名；硕士生国家奖学金名额，从每年3.5万名增加到7万名；博士生国家奖学金名额，从每年1万名增加到2万名。

First, the number of National Scholarship recipients will double. For undergraduate and junior college students, the number will increase from 60,000 to 120,000 per year. For master's students, it will rise from 35,000 to 70,000 annually, and for doctoral students, from 10,000 to 20,000 per year.

二是提高本专科生奖学金奖励标准。本专科生国家奖学金奖励标准，从每生每年8000元提高到10000元；本专科生国家励志奖学金奖励标准，从每生每年5000元提高到6000元。

Second, scholarship funding standards for undergraduate and junior college students will be raised. The National Scholarship will rise from 8,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan per student annually, while the National Encouragement Scholarship will increase from 5,000 yuan to 6,000 yuan per student each year.

三是提高本专科生国家助学金资助标准。从2024年秋季学期开始，平均资助标准从每生每年3300元提高到3700元。

Third, the National Grant for undergraduate and junior college students will be raised. Starting in fall 2024, the average subsidy will increase from 3,300 yuan to 3,700 yuan per student annually.

四是加大国家助学贷款支持力度。额度提高，将本专科生最高贷款额度从每生每年1.6万元提高到2万元，研究生从2万元提高到2.5万元；利率降低，按照同期同档次贷款市场报价利率减70个基点执行。

Fourth, we will enhance support for national student loans. Loan amounts will increase, with the maximum loan for undergraduate and junior college students rising from 16,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan per student annually, and for graduate students from 20,000 yuan to 25,000 yuan. Additionally, interest rates will be lowered, set at 70 basis points below the market quotation rate for loans of the same category during the same period.　

第二步，2025年提高研究生学业奖学金奖励标准。同时，还将提高普通高中国家助学金资助标准，提高中等职业学校国家助学金资助标准并扩大资助范围。

In the second phase, we will raise the standards for graduate academic scholarships in 2025. Additionally, the subsidy standards for the National Grant Program for regular high school students and secondary vocational school students will be increased, along with an expansion of coverage.

接下来，我们将会同相关部门，尽快出台有关政策并抓好落实，确保资金及时发放到学生手中，让政策早落地、学生早受益。谢谢！

Moving forward, we'll collaborate with relevant departments to promptly introduce related policies and ensure their effective implementation. We'll make sure that funds are distributed to students in a timely manner, allowing the policies to take effect quickly and enabling students to benefit as soon as possible. Thank you.

21世纪经济报道记者:

21st Century Business Herald:

2024年发行了一万亿元超长期特别国债专项用于国家重大战略和重点领域的安全能力建设。请问，将如何管好用好超长期特别国债资金？谢谢。

In 2024, China issued 1 trillion yuan in ultra-long special treasury bonds to fund critical national strategies and enhance security capabilities in key areas. How will the funds from these ultra-long special treasury bonds be effectively managed and utilized? Thank you.

王东伟:

Wang Dongwei:

谢谢记者的提问。发行超长期特别国债支持国家重大战略和重点领域安全能力建设，是今年的一项重要财政政策。为抓好这项重大政策贯彻落实，财政部第一时间成立了工作专班，确保各项工作有效衔接、有序推进。一是做好资金筹措。综合考虑项目建设周期和国债市场需求，科学设置债券品种，合理把握发行节奏，既满足项目建设需要，又防止资金沉淀，节约资金成本。截至9月底，累计发行超长期特别国债7520亿元，发行利率总体保持平稳。二是加快资金拨付。根据项目清单及时下达预算、及时拨付资金。三是强化资金监管。日前，财政部印发了超长期特别国债资金监管暂行办法，提出了建立全生命周期管理制度、实行专账管理、建立偿债备付金制度、强化绩效管理等一系列具体要求，采取更严更实更细的措施，管好用好超长期特别国债资金。

Thank you for your question. Issuing ultra-long special treasury bonds to support critical national strategies and enhance security capabilities in key areas is an important fiscal policy this year. With a focus on effective implementation, the MOF promptly established a dedicated task force to ensure smooth coordination and orderly progress. First, we worked to ensure effective fundraising. By considering project timelines and bond market demand, we strategically designed bond types and established a reasonable issuance pace to meet project requirements, while avoiding idle funds and reducing costs. As of September's end, 752 billion yuan of ultra-long special treasury bonds had been issued, with rates remaining generally stable. Second, we accelerated fund allocation, promptly allocating budgets and disbursing funds based on project lists. Third, we strengthened fund oversight. Recently, the MOF issued interim measures for supervising these funds, listing specific requirements such as establishing a full life-cycle management system, implementing separate account management, setting up a debt repayment reserve fund, and strengthening performance management. We will adopt more rigorous and more concrete measures to ensure that the bonds are effectively managed and utilized.

接下来，我们将按计划完成全年一万亿元超长期特别国债发行任务，及时下达预算、调拨资金。同时，严格资金监管，与行业管理部门、地方财政部门建立横向协同、上下联动的监管机制，加强跟踪监控，严禁挤占挪用资金，及时纠正违规违法问题，确保超长期特别国债资金安全、规范、高效使用。谢谢！

Moving forward, we'll complete the issuance of 1 trillion yuan in ultra-long special treasury bonds as scheduled, promptly allocating budgets and disbursing funds. We'll strictly enforce fund supervision by establishing a coordinated oversight mechanism with industry regulators and local finance departments. We'll enhance tracking and monitoring, prohibit misappropriation of funds, and promptly address any violations, ensuring that these funds are used safely, properly and efficiently. Thank you.

中央广播电视总台央视记者:

CCTV:

我们刚刚也听到，蓝部长提到了将发行特别国债用于补充国有大型商业银行核心一级资本，能否请您解释一下具体的政策考虑，以及下一步怎么落实？谢谢。

As we just heard, Mr. Lan mentioned the plan to issue special treasury bonds to supplement the core Tier 1 capital of large state-owned commercial banks. Could you please explain the specific policy considerations behind this decision, and how will it be implemented going forward? Thank you.

廖岷:

Liao Min:

谢谢您的提问。国有大型商业银行是服务实体经济的主力军，也是维护金融稳定的压舱石。当前，工、农、中、建、交、邮储6家国有大型商业银行经营整体稳健，资产质量也很稳定，拨备计提充足，按照国际最佳实践标准，主要指标均处于“健康区间”。其中，所有者权益持续增加，截至2024年6月末达到15.1万亿元，较年初增长2.9%；资本实力相对充足，截至2024年6月末核心一级资本充足率平均为12.3%。

Thank you for your questions. Large state-owned commercial banks act as the main force to serve the real economy and the ballast to ensure financial stability. Currently, the six large state-owned commercial banks — Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Bank of Communications, and Postal Savings Bank of China — are operating steadily overall, with stable asset quality and sufficient provisions. Their key indicators are all within a "healthy range" according to international best practices. Notably, owners' equity has continued to grow, reaching 15.1 trillion yuan by the end of June 2024, a 2.9% increase from the beginning of the year. Capital strength is relatively robust, with an average core Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio of 12.3% as of the end of June 2024.

国有大型商业银行与其他各类金融机构一起，共同承担着支持经济高质量发展、贯彻落实金融“五篇大文章”的重要任务。资本是商业银行持续经营的“本钱”，也是银行推动实体经济增长、促进经济结构调整、防范各类风险的基础。大家都知道，过去几年，一些地方中小银行资本金已经进行了补充。在当前形势下，我们认为，有必要通过适当方式，支持国有大型商业银行进一步增加核心一级资本。这不仅能够提升银行的稳健经营能力，而且可以发挥资本的杠杆撬动作用，增强信贷投放能力，进一步加大服务实体经济发展的力度，为推动宏观经济持续回升向好、提振市场信心提供更加有力的支撑。

Large state-owned commercial banks, along with other financial institutions, bear the critical responsibility of supporting high-quality economic development and implementing key tasks concerning technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. Capital is the lifeblood of commercial banks' sustainable operations and is fundamental to promoting the growth of the real economy, facilitating economic restructuring, and guarding against various risks. As we know, in recent years, some small and medium-sized local banks have replenished their capital. Under current circumstances, we believe it's necessary to support large state-owned commercial banks in further increasing their core Tier 1 capital through appropriate channels. This will not only improve banks' capacity for prudent management but also amplify the leverage effect of capital, boosting lending capacity and enabling greater support to the real economy. This will offer stronger backing for the sustained recovery of the macroeconomy and help bolster market confidence.

根据国务院授权，财政部负责集中统一履行国有金融资本出资人职责，其中就包括建立国有金融机构资本补充和动态调整机制。财政部将坚持市场化、法治化的原则，按照“统筹推进、分期分批、一行一策”的思路，积极通过发行特别国债等渠道筹集资金，稳妥有序支持国有大型商业银行进一步增加核心一级资本。我们相信，通过这一举措，可以提升国有大型商业银行的经营能力和盈利能力，也有利于推动整个国民经济行稳致远。

Authorized by the State Council, the MOF is responsible for the unified performance of the function of state-owned financial capital investors, which includes establishing mechanisms for capital replenishment and dynamic adjustment for state-owned financial institutions. The MOF, adhering to the principles of marketization and the rule of law as well as the approach of "coordinated advancement, phased implementation and tailored strategies," will actively raise funds through channels, such as issuing special treasury bonds, to prudently and orderly support large state-owned commercial banks in further increasing their core tier-1 capital. We believe that through this initiative, the operating and profit-making capabilities of large state-owned commercial banks will be enhanced, thereby promoting the steady and sustained development of the entire national economy.

给大家通报一下最新进展情况，这项工作已经启动。财政部已会同有关金融管理部门成立了跨部门工作机制，为各家国有大型商业银行加快完成相关工作提供高效服务。目前，我们正在等待各家银行提交资本补充具体方案，各项相关工作正在有序推进。另外，给大家说明一下，国有大型商业银行作为上市银行，各家银行具体的资本补充计划将按照有关规定，及时依法地进行信息披露。谢谢。

I'd like to inform you all of the most recent developments: the initiative has been launched. The MOF, in conjunction with relevant financial regulatory authorities, has established an inter-departmental working mechanism to efficiently assist large state-owned commercial banks in expediting the completion of related tasks. We are now awaiting the submission of specific capital replenishment plans from each bank, and all work is progressing in an orderly manner. Furthermore, I'd like to clarify that large state-owned commercial banks, as listed banks, will disclose their specific capital replenishment plans promptly and in compliance with relevant regulations. Thank you.

中国日报记者:

China Daily:

党的二十届三中全会对深化财税体制改革作出重要部署。请问，下一步财政部将推出哪些具体的改革举措？谢谢。

The third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee made important arrangements for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax systems. Could you please tell us what specific measures the Ministry of Finance will introduce next? Thank you.

蓝佛安:

Lan Fo'an:

谢谢您的提问。改革问题大家都比较关注，特别是党的二十届三中全会对深化财税体制改革作出了重要部署，明确提出“健全预算制度”“健全有利于高质量发展、社会公平、市场统一的税收制度”“建立权责清晰、财力协调、区域均衡的中央和地方财政关系”“完善政府债务管理制度”等改革要求。财政部认真学习领会党的二十届三中全会精神，把抓好改革任务落实作为当前和今后一个时期的头等大事，坚定不移向前推进。在整个改革的实施过程中，我们将注重把握好政府与市场、中央与地方、效率与公平、全局与局部、长远与当前等重大关系，努力把全面深化改革的战略部署，转化为推进中国式现代化的强大力量。具体有三点：

Thank you for your question. The question of reform is of significant concern to everyone, especially after the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee made important arrangements for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax systems. The session clearly outlined reform requirements such as "improving the budget system," "making taxation systems more conducive to high-quality development, social fairness and the building of a unified market," "establishing a fiscal relationship between the central and local governments that features well-defined powers and responsibilities, and the appropriate allocation of resources, with an optimum balance between regions" and "improving the systems for managing government debt." The Ministry of Finance is diligently studying the guiding principles of the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, considering the effective implementation of reform tasks as a top priority in the present and future periods and is steadily advancing forward. Throughout the reform's implementation, we will focus on properly handling the relationships between the government and the market, the central and local governments, efficiency and fairness, overall and local interests, and long-term and current considerations. We strive to transform the strategic deployment of comprehensively deepening reform into a powerful force for advancing China's modernization. Specifically, there are three points:

一是抓紧出台改革实施方案。我们将坚持问题导向和目标导向，注重加快推进改革和推动财政科学管理的有机结合，积极回应社会和基层关切，针对全会部署的各项改革任务，逐项细化制定任务清单，明确时间表、优先序，初步形成了深化财税体制改革的实施方案，作为今后改革的“总路线图”。

First, we will promptly introduce the implementation plan for reform. We will adhere to problem-oriented and goal-oriented approaches, ensuring that the accelerated advancement of reforms is integrated with our efforts to strengthen scientific management of public finances. We will actively respond to public and grassroots concerns, elaborating on specific task lists for each reform task outlined in the plenary session and clearly defining timelines and priorities. We have preliminarily developed an implementation plan for deepening the fiscal and tax system reform, which will serve as the "blueprint" for future reforms.

二是抓紧推动改革举措落地实施。我们坚持分阶段分步骤稳妥推进改革，统筹确定各项改革举措的落地时限，拟在今明两年集中推出一批条件成熟、可感可及的改革举措，特别是一些事关顶层设计的基础性制度，比如说健全预算制度、完善财政转移支付体系、建立与高质量发展相适应的中国特色政府债务管理制度等，逐步形成基础性制度先行引领、细分领域改革举措接续跟进的改革成果体系。

Second, we will accelerate the implementation of reform measures. We adhere to a phased and step-by-step approach to steadily promote reforms, planning as a whole deadlines for the implementation of various reform measures. We plan to roll out this and next year a batch of mature and tangible reform measures, especially fundamental institutional reforms that are crucial for top-level design. These include improving the budget system, refining the fiscal transfer payment system and establishing a government debt management system with Chinese characteristics that aligns with high-quality development. This will gradually establish a reform outcome system where fundamental institutional reforms take the lead, followed by successive measures in specific areas.

三是注重顶层设计与基层探索相结合。在明确改革原则和方向的前提下，我们鼓励和支持有关方面因地制宜推进改革创新，组织开展了中央部门零基预算改革试点，并拟在部分地区开展财政科学管理试点。我们将结合各地区各部门不同特点，赋予不同的改革试点内容，充分尊重首创精神，及时凝练改革经验并复制推广，与时俱进将改革向纵深推进。

Third, we will emphasize the combination of top-level design and grassroots exploration. Building upon clear reform principles and directions, we encourage and support relevant parties to innovate reforms based on local conditions. We have organized pilot projects for zero-based budgeting reform in central departments and plan to initiate trials for scientific fiscal management in certain regions. We will tailor reform pilots' content based on the characteristics of different regions and departments. With full respect to a pioneering spirit, we'll summarize reform experiences, replicate and promote them in a timely manner so as to intensify reforms in line with the times.

下一步，财政部将继续以钉钉子精神抓改革落实，积极主动、扎实稳健，推动形成财政宏观调控更加精准、预算制度更加健全、税收制度更加优化、财政体制更加完善、财政发展更可持续的良好格局，努力为中国式现代化强国建设提供更加坚实的财政保障。

Next, the MOF will continue to implement reforms with relentless perseverance to actively and steadily form a favorable pattern where fiscal macro-control is more targeted, the budget system is more sound, the tax system is more optimized, the fiscal system is more perfected and fiscal development is more sustainable. Efforts will be made to provide a more solid fiscal guarantee for building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects through a Chinese path to modernization.

谢谢！

Thank you!

寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

谢谢蓝部长，谢谢各位发布人，谢谢各位记者朋友的参与。今天的新闻发布会就到这里，大家再见！

Thank you, Minister Lan, thank you to all of the presenters and thank you to all friends from the media for your participation. That concludes today's press conference. Goodbye!