胡凯红：

Hu Kaihong:

女士们、先生们，大家下午好，欢迎出席国务院新闻办举办的新闻发布会。今年是新中国成立70周年，70年来中国的工业通信业发生了巨大变化。今天我们非常高兴邀请到工业和信息化部部长苗圩先生，请他向大家介绍70年来中国工业通信业的发展情况，并回答大家关心的问题。出席今天发布会的还有：工业和信息化部运行监测协调局局长、新闻发言人黄利斌先生；信息通信发展司司长、新闻发言人闻库先生。

Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. Welcome to this conference. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Over the past seven decades, China's industry and communications sectors have seen tremendous changes. Today, we are delighted to invite Mr. Miao Wei, minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), to introduce the changes and answer some of your questions. Also present at the conference are: Mr. Huang Libin, director of the Operation Monitoring and Coordination Bureau of the MIIT and the ministry's spokesperson, as well as Mr. Wen Ku, head of the Department of Information and Communications Development of the MIIT and the ministry's spokesperson.

首先，有请苗部长作介绍。　

Now, I'll give the floor to Mr. Miao Wei.

苗圩：

Miao Wei:

各位记者朋友，女士们、先生们：

Friends from the media, ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon.

大家下午好！欢迎大家出席今天的新闻发布会，感谢大家一直以来对我国工业和信息化事业的关心支持。下面，我先就新中国成立70年来工业通信业发展情况作简要介绍。

Welcome to this press conference. Thank you for your attention to and support for China's development of its industry and information technologies. Now, I'd like to briefly introduce the achievements we have made in these areas in the past 70 years.

工业是立国之本、强国之基，信息化是推动时代进步的强大引擎。近日，习近平总书记在河南考察工作时明确指出，中国必须搞实体经济，制造业是实体经济的基础，强调一定要把制造业搞上去，把实体经济搞上去，扎扎实实实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标。在庆祝新中国成立70周年之际，习近平总书记的重要讲话对工业和信息化战线是一个极大的鼓舞和鞭策。70年来，我们党团结带领全国各族人民自力更生、艰苦奋斗，积极探索、大胆实践，成功走出了一条中国特色的新型工业化发展道路，走过了发达国家几百年的工业化历程，创造了人类发展史上的奇迹。一个突出的标志是，我国建成门类齐全、独立完整的现代工业体系，工业经济规模跃居全球首位。新中国成立之初，毛泽东同志指出：“除了能造桌子椅子、茶碗茶壶，能把种出来的粮食磨成面粉外，一辆汽车、一架飞机、一辆坦克、一辆拖拉机都不能造。”而今，我国成为全世界唯一拥有联合国产业分类中所列全部工业门类的国家，工业增加值从1952年的120亿元增加到2018年的30多万亿元，按不变价计算增长约971倍，年均增长11%。根据世界银行数据，2010年我国制造业增加值超过美国成为第一制造业大国，标志着自十九世纪中叶以来，经过一个半世纪后我国重新取得世界第一制造业大国的地位。以钢铁为例，1949年我国钢产量只有15.8万吨，只占当年世界产钢量的0.1%，1958年“大跃进”时期，我们还在为生产1070万吨钢而奋斗，到了2018年，我国钢产量已经超过9亿吨，增长5799倍，长期占据世界钢铁半壁江山。

Industry lays the foundation for a country's development and prosperity. The application of information technologies serves as the engine for greater advancement and progress of the era.

During General Secretary Xi Jinping's recent inspection tour in central China, he stressed that China must develop its real economy. He also stressed that manufacturing is the foundation of a real economy, so manufacturing must be developed, so as to promote the development of the real economy. He emphasized that only in this way, can China achieve the two centenary goals.

As the 70th anniversary of PRC is approaching, his instructions have greatly encouraged those who are working in various industries and information technology field. In the past 70 years, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Chinese people have overcome various difficulties and explored new ways of development, successfully embarking on a new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics. It took us only decades to complete a process that took developed countries several centuries. This is truly a miracle in human history.

A prominent feature of our success is that China has established an independent modern industrial system with complete categories of industries, and the size of the Chinese industrial sector is the largest in the world. When the PRC was just founded, we were only able to produce simple daily necessities like cups and kettles. Today, China has become the only country in the world that has all industries based on the classification by the United Nations. The value-added of China's industry has grown from 12 billion yuan in 1952 to more than 30 trillion yuan in 2018, registering an increase of 971 times on constant prices, growing 11% annually. According to the World Bank, the value-added of China's manufacturing industry surpassed the United States in 2010, making China the world's largest manufacturer one and a half centuries after it lost the title in the mid-19th century. Take steel production as an example. In 1949, China's total steel output was only 158,000 tons, accounting for 0.1% of the world's total. In 1958, when the country was launching the Great Leap Forward campaign (1958-1961), we struggled hard to produce 10.7 million tons of steel. By 2018, the country's total steel output surpassed 900 million tons, increasing 5,799 times from 1949, and has for years, contributed to half of the world's total steel production.

与此同时，工业通信业技术创新能力大幅提升，特别是党的十八大之后，随着创新驱动发展战略的深入实施，我国在主要领域和方向上实现了“占有一席之地”的战略目标。我国自主研制的复兴号高速列车、第三代核电“华龙一号”等都达到国际先进水平，涌现一批以华为、中车等企业为代表的领军制造企业。以移动通信产业为例，我国历经“2G跟随、3G突破”，实现了“4G同步”、“5G引领”的历史性跨越，5G标准必要专利数量全球第一。在信息通信技术的强力牵引下，截至2018年底，我国数字经济规模达到了31万亿元，占国内生产总值的比重达到1/3。

In the meantime, China has seen a substantial enhancement in its innovation capacities regarding industrial and communication sectors. In particular, after the 18th CPC national congress held in 2012, and with the progress of the innovation-driven development strategy, China has achieved the strategic goal of "gaining a foothold" in major sectors and development directions.

A batch of products, such as the self-developed high-speed Fuxing bullet trains and the third-generation nuclear reactor technology, The Hualong One, are all world-leading technologies. A group of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, including Huawei and the CRRC, have also gained greater recognition in the world. Take the mobile telecommunications industry for example, China has made historical achievements in the past decades. We followed the trend in the 2G era, made a breakthrough into the 3G era, achieved synchronized development with other countries in the 4G era, and lead the world in the 5G era. China now boasts the largest number of 5G-standard-essential patents in the world.

By the end of 2018 and largely driven by the development of information and communications technologies, China's digital economy reached a total worth of 31 trillion yuan, accounting for one third of the country's total GDP.

回顾70载历程，我国工业和信息化事业之所以取得举世瞩目的成就，根本上得益于中国共产党的坚强领导，得益于党中央始终把实现工业化作为国家经济建设的战略重心，高度重视并抓住信息革命的历史性机遇，针对不同阶段的形势任务，实施了正确的发展战略和政策举措。党的十八大后，习近平总书记多次就振兴制造业、促进信息化作出重要指示，并以全球视野和战略眼光，提出全面实施制造强国和网络强国两大战略。

China has made remarkable achievements in industry and information technology sector over the past 70 years, thanks to the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The CPC Central Committee has always regarded industrialization as a highly valued and strategic priority for national economic development. It has seized the historic opportunities brought about by the information revolution, and implemented the appropriate development strategies and policies for different situations and tasks at different stages. After the 18th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave important instructions on revitalizing manufacturing and promoting the application of information technology in the industry. He put forward two strategies with the vision to build China into a manufacturing and cyber powerhouse.

面向未来，站在新的历史起点上，我们要倍加珍惜取得的伟大成果，总结好、发扬好宝贵经验，按照党的十九大战略部署，坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，以更加奋进的姿态，坚定不移走中国特色新型工业化道路，着力推动制造业高质量发展，加快制造强国和网络强国建设进程，为我国实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、全面建成社会主义现代化强国作出新的更大贡献。

Looking ahead and starting our journey from a new beginning, we should first cherish the great achievements, summarize past learnings and carry on good practices. We should follow the strategies outlined at the 19th CPC National Congress, uphold Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and adhere to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese characteristics. We should also push forward in our efforts to create high-quality manufacturing industries and accelerate our work to build China into a powerhouse in both manufacturing and cyber development. We also should continue to make even greater contributions to realizing the two centenary goals and make China a great modern socialist country in all aspects.

我简要介绍这些情况，下面的时间留给记者朋友们来提问，我也很愿意和我的同事一起来回答大家的问题。谢谢大家！

Here is what I would like to brief you on for now. I will leave the time to you, and I am willing to take your questions together with my colleagues.Thank you.

胡凯红：

Hu Kaihong:

谢谢苗部长，现在开始提问。提问前先通报所代表的新闻机构。

Thank you, Mr. Miao. The floor is open to questions. Please identify the media outlet you represent before asking questions.

中央广播电视总台央视记者：

China Media Group:

我想问苗部长一个问题，新中国成立70年来，我国工业面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，实现了由小到大、由弱到强的跨越，制造强国建设迈出了历史性步伐。如果用关键词来概括70年工业发展的情况，您会用哪些词？谢谢。

Mr. Miao, the country has seen tremendous changes in its industrial landscape over the past 70 years since its founding, made a huge leap from being a small to a large economy and from a weak to a strong nation, and taken historic steps towards building a manufacturing power. What key words would you use to sum up the industrial development over the past 70 years? Thank you.

苗圩：

Miao Wei:

谢谢。我觉得可以用以下几个关键词来概括我们70年工业发展的成就和亮点。

Thank you. I would use the following key words to summarize the achievements and highlights of China's industrial development over the past seven decades.

第一个关键词是“第一制造大国”。新中国成立70年来，特别是改革开放以来，我国工业实现了历史性的跨越。1992年我国工业增加值突破了1万亿元人民币大关，2007年突破了10万亿元大关，2012年突破了20万亿元，2018年突破了30万亿元。大家可以从数字来看，越到后面，翻番的速度越快。刚才我也提到了，1850年前后丢掉了世界制造业第一大国的位次之后，在2010年又重新夺回了制造业第一大国位置。2018年，我们国家的制造业增加值占全世界的份额达到了28%以上，成为驱动全球工业增长的重要引擎。在世界500多种主要工业产品当中，有220多种工业产品中国的产量占居全球第一。

First, "No. 1 manufacturing power." China has made historic leaps in its industrial development since its founding 70 years ago, and since the reform and opening up in particular. The country's industrial value added exceeded 1 trillion yuan in 1992, 10 trillion yuan in 2007, 20 trillion yuan in 2012 and 30 trillion yuan in 2018. In 2018, China's industrial value added accounted for over 28% of the world's total, making it an important driver of global industrial growth. Among over 500 major industrial products in the world, China ranks the first in the output of over 220.

第二个关键词是“完整的工业体系”。中国高度重视工业体系的建设，从第一个五年计划开始就把有限的资源重点投向了工业部门，为此后的工业化发展奠定了坚实的基础。经过70年的发展，目前我们已经拥有41个工业大类、207个工业中类、666个工业小类，形成了独立完整的现代工业体系，是全世界唯一拥有联合国产业分类当中全部工业门类的国家。我们用了几十年的时间走完了发达国家几百年所走过的工业化历程，创造了世界工业化的奇迹。

Second, "complete industrial system." China highly values the construction of its industrial system, and has distributed limited resources to its industrial sectors since the very beginning of its first Five-Year Plan, laying a solid foundation for its subsequent industrialization. After 70 years of development, China has now formed an independent and complete modern industrial system comprising 41 large industrial categories, 207 medium industrial categories and 666 small industrial categories. China is the only country in the world that has all the industrial categories based on the industrial classification of the United Nations.

第三个关键词是“创新驱动发展”。企业作为创新的主体，不断加大研发投入，技术创新水平也在不断提高，成为促进我国持续快速发展的根本动力和源泉。2017年全国规模以上工业企业研发投入的强度由2004年的0.56%提高到去年的1.06%，规模以上工业有效发明专利数达到了93.4万件，比2004年增长了29.8倍。一些技术已经从过去的“跟跑”到“并跑”甚至向“领跑”去迈进，比如发电设备、输变电设备、轨道交通设备、通讯设备等产业都已经处于国际领先的地位。

Third, "innovation-driven development." As a major contributor of innovations, Chinese companies are continuously increasing their investment in research and development (R&D) and improving their level of technological innovation. They have become a fundamental driving force and source of the country's sustained and rapid progress. In 2017, the investment in the R&D of companies above the designated size increased from 0.56% in 2004 to 1.06% last year, and the number of valid patents of companies above the designated size reached 934,000, an increase of 29.8 times over 2004.

第四个关键词是“两化深度融合”。党的十八大以来，我国工业化和信息化深度融合进一步加快，智能制造发展取得了积极成效。制造业数字化、网络化、智能化水平在不断提升，截止到2019年6月，企业数字化研发设计工具普及率，就是用数字化的工具去搞研发设计，达到了69.3%；关键工序的数控化率，像生产线上用的数控机床，这个比例达到了49.5%。同时，开展网络化协同、服务型制造、大规模个性化定制的企业比例，分别达到了35.3%、25.3%和8.1%。工业互联网的发展也迈出了坚实的步伐，国内具有一定影响力的工业互联网平台已经超过了50家，重点平台平均连接的设备数量达到了59万台。2018年，数字经济的规模达到了31.3万亿元，居全球第二位。互联网、大数据、人工智能加快与实体经济深度融合，为我们抢抓第四次工业革命机遇奠定了坚实基础。

Fourth, "deep integration of industrialization and informatization." China accelerated the deep integration of industrialization and informatization and achieved positive results in the development of intelligent manufacturing since the 18th CPC National Congress. Since then manufacturing saw a continuous improvement in integrating more digital, internet and intelligent technologies. By June 2019, the popularization rate of digitalized R&D and design tools among companies reached 69.3%, that is, 69.3% of the companies used digitalized tools in their R&D and design. Up to 49.5% of key working procedures, such as numerical control machines used on production lines, were under numerical control. The deep integration of the internet, big data and artificial intelligence with the real economy laid a solid foundation for us to seize the opportunities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

第五个关键词是“中小企业蓬勃发展”。70年来，我国的中小企业、民营企业蓬勃发展，从小到大，由弱到强，在增加就业、稳定增长、促进创新方面发挥了独特的重要作用，作为国民经济生力军的作用也日益凸显。截止到2018年底，我国中小企业的数量已经超过了3000万家，个体工商户数量超过7000万户，贡献了全国50%以上的税收，60%以上的GDP，70%以上的技术创新成果和80%以上的劳动力就业。随着中央和地方一系列支持中小企业发展的政策落实，我们国家的中小企业发展将会面临更多机会、更大的空间和更强的活力，我觉得可以用以上五个关键词来概括新中国成立70年来的成就。

Fifth, "thriving small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)". Over the past 70 years, China's SMEs and private companies grew from small to large and from weak to strong, and played a unique and important role in increasing employment, stabilizing growth and promoting innovation. By the end of 2018, the number of SMEs in China exceeded 30 million, and the number of individual businesses totaled over 70 million, contributing over 50% of the country's tax revenue, over 60% of its GDP, over 70% of its technological innovations and over 80% of the national employment. With the implementation of the central and local governments' policies to support SMEs, these companies will enjoy more opportunities, greater room for growth along their paths of development, and radiate a stronger vitality. That's all.

中央人民广播电视总台央广记者：

CNR:

新中国成立70年来，中国信息通信业已经发生了沧桑巨变，作为工信部部长，苗部长您对此有何感受？谢谢。

Enormous progress has been made in the information and communications industry since the PRC was founded in 1949. As the minister of industry and information technology, what do you think of theprogressmade? Thank you.

苗圩：

Miao Wei:

谢谢你的提问。我们今天召开新闻发布会的所在地就是北京电报大楼，这个建筑建成于1958年的国庆，是新中国的标志性建筑，它见证了新中国成立70年来各式各样的现代通信技术和业务是如何“飞入寻常百姓家”的，是中国信息通信业的活化石。从电报到电话，从BP机到大哥大，从模拟机到智能机，从电脑上网到手机上网，如果盘点一下大家用过的这些信息通信的工具，基本上我们每个家庭都能开一个小型的展览会了。新中国成立70年来，我们信息通信业发展的成就，我想可以从两个层面来谈谈我的感受：

Thank you for your question. Today's press conference is held at the Beijing Telegraph Building, which was built around the National Day in 1958. As a landmark building of New China, the building stands as a living monument to the development of the country's information and communications industry. It bore witness to the application of various communication technologies and businesses in people's daily life. From thetelegraphto thetelephone, and from the beeper to the cell phone and now the smart phone,the number of communication devices used in every Chinese household are sufficientto create a small exhibition. I think the progress in China's information and communications industry over the past seven decades lies in two major aspects.

第一个层面，就是在服务人民群众的生活方面。我们努力地解决了覆盖少、网速慢、资费贵这三大难题，切实满足了人民群众对美好生活的向往。一是针对覆盖少的难题，70年来我们建成了全球规模最大的信息通信网络，我们国家的人口占世界人口大概1/5，但是4G的基站数量占到全球4G基站数量的一半以上，也就是我们平均每个人享受的信息基础设施水平远远高于世界平均水平。我们光缆的长度超过了4500万公里，电话用户的总规模达到了17亿户，互联网宽带的接入用户也达到4.4亿户，网民数量有8.54亿。同时，我们实施通信村村通工程、电信普遍服务试点等政策，让边远地区的老百姓也能和全国人民一样共享信息通信技术发展的成果。二是针对网速慢的问题，我们积极推进宽带中国的建设和网络的提速降费，2014年以来，我国固定和移动宽带平均下载的速率都提升了近7倍，短短的几年时间提升了7倍。我们大力推进光纤到户，现在光纤进户的比例达到了91%，100兆以上的用户数占比达到了79.4%，这都是世界的领先水平。三是针对资费贵的问题，取消了用户手机国内电话的长途费用、漫游的通话费、流量漫游费，与五年前相比，固定网络和手机上网流量的资费水平降幅都超过了90%，切实提高了人民群众的获得感。这是从广大人民群众的层面。

The first aspect is serving the everyday needs of people. We tried to make communications services more accessible, faster and more affordable to meet people's aspirations for a better life.

Thanks to 70 years of continuous efforts, we have established the world's largest information and communications network. China has about one-fifth of the world's population but more than half of the total 4G base stations. It means that the average per-capita access to information infrastructure in China is much higher than the average global level. China has more than 45 million kilometers of fiber-optic cables, 1.7 billion phone users, 440 million internet broadband users, and a total of 854 million internet users. In addition, measures such as the project to provide telecommunications services to all villages and thetrialsto provide universal telecommunications services have also enabled people living in remote rural areas to enjoy the benefits of information and communications technologies.

We have made active efforts to promote the development of broadband facilities, further boost broadband speeds and lower the rates for internet services. Since 2014, the download speeds of both fixed and mobile broadband have increased nearly seven times. We have also vigorously enhanced the coverage of the fiber optic internet. At present, fiber optic internet connectioncovers 91% of Chinese households, of which 79.4% are enjoying services atspeeds of 100Mbps or above. These are all world's leading levels.

We have cancelled charges for domestic roaming and long-distance calls as well as data roaming. The fees for fixed and mobile internet services have been scrapped by more than 90% compared with those five years ago, enabling people tobenefitmore.

第二个层面，在支撑经济社会发展方面，一是新型的基础设施建设与世界同步。在5G、工业互联网、人工智能等新型基础设施建设方面，我们已经做到了与世界同步发展，甚至局部有领先的态势。二是新业态新模式在不断涌现。信息通信业在建成世界级的网络之后也诞生了像华为、阿里巴巴、腾讯等世界级的企业，催生了电子商务、共享经济等新业态。同时，像自动驾驶、智能家电、VR/AR、远程教育、远程医疗等领域的应用也是方兴未艾。三是开放合作达到了新的水平。作为全球最繁荣的信息通信市场，我们鼓励民间资本进入了移动通信的转售、宽带网的接入服务和互联网数据中心等领域，我们也乐意与世界各国的企业共享发展的机遇，逐步地提升电信领域对外开放的水平。在引进来的同时，我们也贯彻落实“一带一路”的倡议，在“一带一路”沿线国家加强信息的互联互通，互联网和信息通信正在继陆路、海运和航空之后成为另一条连接中外的信息丝绸之路。谢谢你的提问。

The second aspect is fueling economic and social development. First, on the development of new types of infrastructure, including 5G, the industrial internet and artificial intelligence, we have kept pace with advanced countries or have even led the world in some sectors.

Second,new business forms and models are constantly emerging. A world-class information and communications network has given birth to world-leading enterprises such as Huawei, Alibaba and Tencent, as well as new business forms such as e-commerce and the sharing economy. At the same time, the application of autonomous driving, intelligent home appliances, VR/AR, long-distance education and long-distance healthcare is thriving.

Third, the level of openness and cooperation has achieved a new high. As the world's most prosperous information and communications market, we encourage private investment in mobile communication resale, broadband access and internet data centers. We are ready to share development opportunities with foreign companies and are gradually increasing the openness of the telecom sector. We are also implementing the Belt and Road Initiative by improving information connectivity among participating countries. The internet and information communication have helped create an Information Silk Road in addition to the existing land, sea and air routes.

香港电台记者：

Radio Television Hong Kong:

苗部长，关于最近有些国内网民反映他们使用VPN浏览境外网站出现一些困难，工信部能否证实一下在国庆临近的这段时间是不是加强管控相关VPN工具？会否与国家互联网相关的开放政策相抵触呢？未来有没有一些进一步收紧网络管制的打算？谢谢。

Mr.Miao, some Chinese internet users have recently reported difficulties in using theirVPNs to browse overseas websites. Is it possible for the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to confirm whether it is strengthening the regulation of VPN tools as the National Day approaches? Does this run counter to the country's relevant internet opening-up policy? Are there any plans for further tightening internet controls in the future? Thank you.

苗圩：

Miao Wei:

这个问题请闻库司长来回答。　

I would like to invite Mr. Wen Ku to answer this question.

闻库：

Wen Ku:

谢谢你的提问。VPN就是俗称的虚拟专用网络，是一种通用的网络通信技术。为了维护公平有序的市场秩序，促进行业的健康发展，工信部专门制定了跨境开展经营电信业务活动的规定，主要依据《中华人民共和国电信条例》和《国际通信出入口局管理办法》，规范的对象是未经电信主管部门批准，无国际通信业务经营资质的企业或个人租用专线或VPN违规开展业务。相关规定不会对国内外企业和广大用户开展跨境的互联网访问造成影响，也不会影响他们合规开展各类业务。外贸企业、跨国公司因自己办公的需要，需要用专线的方式开展跨境联网时，可以向经电信主管部门批准、有国际通信业务经营资质的电信业务经营者租用，在中国境内开展生产生活以及其他各类活动的，都应该遵守中国的法律法规，任何合法的经营、合法的使用均受到法律保护。

Thanks for your question. VPN,alsoknown as virtual private network, is a general network communication technology. In order to maintain a fair and orderly market and promote the healthy development of the industry, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has formulated some regulations on cross-border telecommunications business activities. The regulations, mainly in accordance with the Telecommunications Regulations of the People's Republic of China and the Measures on the Administration of International Communication Access, aim to crack down enterprises or individuals whodo not havenecessary international telecommunication business operation certifications approved by telecommunication authorities, but still rent special lines or VPNs to do illegal business. The relevant regulations will not affect the cross-border internet access of domestic and foreign enterprises and individual users, nor will it affect how they wouldconducttheir business under the law. If foreign trade enterprises and multinational companies need special lines for cross-border networking for their businesses, they can rent them from telecommunication business operators who have the necessaryapprovals from telecommunication authorities and the requisitequalifications to conduct international telecommunication business. Enterprises and individuals who carry out production, business and other activities in China should all abide by Chinese laws and regulations. Any legal business operations or legal utilization [of tools] will be protected by the law.

在这儿我想说，各个国家的管理方式不同，在中国境内开展生产生活以及其他各类活动的，都应该遵守中国的法律法规。同时，我们也非常关注老百姓的需求，老百姓在网上一些不适合看到的，比如一些暴力、贩毒、贩枪、色情的，这些按照规定在中国都是不允许的，这个不存在时机紧不紧的问题，这个原则是我们一直所坚守的。谢谢。

Taking this opportunity, I would like to emphasize that different countries have different ways of management. Anyone who carries out production, business and other activities in China should abide by Chinese laws and regulations. At the same time, we also pay close attention to the needs of the people. Some information posted online, such asinformationon violence, drug trafficking, gun smuggling and pornography, are not allowed in China in accordance with relevant regulations. It is not about the timing, but a principle that we have always adhered to. Thank you.

经济日报记者：

The Economic Daily:

刚才苗部长提到了中小企业的发展情况，我们都知道，工信部是中小企业的主管部门，下一步将采取哪些措施来支持中小企业发展？谢谢。

Mr. Miao has mentioned the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. As the major authority responsible for them, what measures will the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology adopt to promote their development? Thank you.

苗圩：

Miao Wei:

党的十八大以来，党中央、国务院把促进中小企业的发展放在了更高的位置，密集地出台了一系列支持政策。实际上中小企业和民营企业是有高度关联性的，99%的中小企业如果按照资本的性质，应该是民营企业。同样，民营企业当中99%是以中小企业的形态体现出来的，所以二者是高度相关的。各地区、各部门深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院的决策部署，推动改革创新，加大扶持力度，取得了积极的成效。比如，全国人大常委会去年通过了新修订的《中小企业促进法》。再比如，中办、国办印发了《关于促进中小企业健康发展的指导意见》。另外，政府通过“放管服”改革为中小企业的发展松绑，财税金融的支持政策含金量越来越高。与此同时，我们在全社会大力推进双创工作，极大地激发了全社会创业创新的活力。今年上半年，平均每天新登记的企业数达到了1.94万户，其中绝大多数都是中小企业。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have given higher priority to promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and have issued a series of supportive policies. Actually, SMEs and private enterprises are highly correlated, as 99% of the former, according to the nature of capital, should be classified as the latter, and 99% of the latter are operating in the form of the former. Remarkable outcomes have been achieved in different regions and departments by fully implementing the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, promoting reform and innovation, and enhancing support. For example, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed last year the newly revised Law on Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. The General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council have issued a guidance to promote the healthy development of SMEs. In addition, the government has carried out reforms to delegate power, streamline administration and optimize government services so as to facilitate the development of SMEs. The support in financial and tax fields has also become more concrete. At the same time, we have greatly promoted mass entrepreneurship and innovation across the country. In the first half of this year, an average of 19,400 new businesses were registered every day, and most of them were SMEs.

作为国务院负责促进中小企业发展工作的综合管理部门，我们坚决贯彻落实习近平总书记在去年11月1日召开的民营企业座谈会上所发表的重要讲话精神，聚焦中小企业发展的难点痛点，从四个方面推动各项政策的落地落实。

As the major administration department responsible for promoting the development of SMEs under the State Council, we have resolutely implemented the spirit of the important speech delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the symposium on private enterprises held on Nov. 1 last year. We have focused on addressing the difficulties and dilemmas faced in the development of SMEs, and promoted the implementation of various policies in four aspects.

第一，做好清理拖欠民营企业、中小企业的账款工作。今年，我们要完成清理拖欠民营企业、中小企业的账款一半以上的目标任务。同时，我们还要研究建立起长效机制，防止前清后欠、边清边欠。我们已经在网上征求社会各界对《及时支付中小企业款项的管理办法》的意见，优化中小企业发展环境。

First, we will take actions to clear the default on private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We are going to complete the task that more than half of the defaults on private enterprises and SMEs will be paid off by the end of this year.

第二，推动缓解小微企业融资难、融资贵的问题。小微企业融资难、融资贵是一个世界性的难题，我们将加强与金融机构的合作，推动金融产品和服务的创新，扩大小微企业的信贷规模，开展小微企业应收账款融资专项行动。同时还要发挥国家融资担保基金和国家中小企业发展基金的作用，推动建立政、银、企风险分担机制，带动更多社会资金支持种子期、初创期、成长期的中小企业发展。

Second, we will push forward to ease financing difficulties and reduce financing costs for small and micro businesses. We will strengthen cooperation with financial institutions, promote the innovation of financial products and services, increase the sum of loans to small and micro enterprises, and carry out special actions to strengthen receivables financing for small and micro enterprises.

第三，提升中小企业竞争力。开展促进大中小企业融通发展行动计划，实施中小企业知识产权战略推进工程和信息化推进工程这两大工程，提升中小企业专业化能力和水平，加强对专精特新“小巨人”企业培育。同时，我们深化中小企业国际上多边和双边的合作机制，加强国际的交流与合作。

Third, we will enhance the competitiveness of SMEs. We will carry out an action plan to promote the interconnected development of large, medium-sized and small enterprises, and make efforts to strategically boost protection for SMEs' intellectual property as well as promote greater informationization, so as to enhance SMEs'levels of specialized development.

第四，提高中小企业服务实效。我们优化国家中小企业政策信息互联网发布平台，让更多中小企业及时了解到中央政府和各级地方政府出台的扶持中小企业的政策信息。同时，发挥中小企业公共服务平台网络和国家中小企业公共服务示范平台的作用，为中小企业的创业创新提供服务支撑。还实施了企业经营管理人才素质提升工程，每年组织1万人次以上的中小企业领军人才培训，提升中小企业经营管理水平。谢谢您的提问。

Fourth, we will improve the services efficiency for SMEs. We will improve the national internet platform for publishing policies and information concerning SMEs, so that more SMEs can be informed on supportive policies from the central government and local governments at all levels in a timely way. At the same time, we will make full use of such online platforms as the SMEs public service platform network and the national SMEs public service demonstration platform, to provide service support for medium and small-sized business startups and their innovation.

华尔街日报记者：

The Wall Street Journal:

我想提一个问题，在过去20年中国的电信业成为了中国最有竞争力以及最富活力的产业之一，中国的三大电信运营商也取得了发展，今后如何来保证三大电信运营商取得更快的发展，并且避免腐败。我想问一下，在港交所上市让这三大运营商上市会不会提供一定的帮助，助力他们的发展，谢谢。

Through its reform in the past 20 years, China's telecom industry has become one of the most competitive and energetic industries in China. Can you briefly tell us what China has done to make its three major carriers more efficient and less corrupt? How did publicly listing parts of these three carriers on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange help? Thanks.

闻库：

Wen Ku:

谢谢你的提问。你刚才的提问本身也是对我们通信业发展的充分肯定。我想说，中国的电信业改革是中国市场经济改革的重要组成部分，由原来的政企合一到政企分开，走向市场，打破垄断，引入竞争，率先上市融资，谋求突破。可以这么说，中国电信业的改革从未停止，应该说是成功的，也是有效的。正如刚才苗部长也说，通过市场的竞争，我们通信业整体上降低了运行成本，提高了运行效率，使得信息通信基础设施从极端落后成为世界上最发达，电信服务质量改善了，电信资费下降了，最终广大消费者得到了实惠。

Thank you for your questions. Your questions just showed great recognition of the development of our communications industry. I would say, China's telecom industry reform is an important part of China's market economy reform. Several reforms have been carried out, such as separation of government and business, breaking up monopoly by introducing competition and taking the lead in getting listed on the stock market. The reform of China's telecom industry has never stopped and it has been successful and effective. Just as Mr. Miao said, through market competition, the communications industry as a whole has reduced its operating costs and improved operational efficiency, making the information and communication infrastructure go from extreme backwardness to become the most developed in the world. The quality of telecom services has improved, while telecom fees have declined. Eventually, consumers benefit from this.

回顾起来看，1994年，中国联通成立，第一次在中国基础电信领域引入了市场竞争机制，随后经历了多轮改革重组，形成了今天的中国电信、中国移动、中国联通三个市场竞争主体，在中国的电信市场上，电信资源配置进一步优化。1997年，邮电部把广东、浙江两个省的移动业务注入了中国电信（香港）有限公司，率先在香港上市，成为第一个吃螃蟹者，这个公司后期改名为中国移动。此后，中国联通、中国电信先后登陆海外资本市场，通过上市，三家基础电信运营企业拓展了国际视野，创新了经营理念，对标国际最领先的电信运营企业，引进了先进的管理经验，建立了与国际接轨的现代企业制度，极大激发了企业的活力和竞争力，使传统的国有企业面貌一新，先后跻身于世界500强。

中国电信业的改革虽然取得了很大的成就，但改革将会持续推进，不断完善进步，促进电信市场的健康发展。谢谢。

Looking back, in 1994, China Unicom was established. It was the first time we introduced a market competition mechanism into China's basic telecommunications setor.Shortly after, the industry experienced several rounds of reform and restructuring, forming the three competitive entities of today - China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom. The allocation of telecom resources has been improved. In 1997, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications incorporated the mobile services of Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces into China Telecom (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd., and made it the first to be listed on the stock market in Hong Kong. This company was later renamed China Mobile. Since then, China Unicom and China Telecom have successively been listed in the overseas stock markets. Through their listings, the three telecom operators have expanded their international vision and innovated on their business philosophy. They have introduced advanced management experience and established the modern corporate system in line with international standards, which greatly stimulated the vitality and competitiveness of the enterprises and elevated them to become ranked among the top 500 in the world. Though the reform of China's telecom industry has made great achievements, the reform will continue to advance. We will constantly seek improvement and progress, and promote the healthy development of the telecommunications market. Thank you.

新华社记者：

Xinhua:

我的问题提给苗部长。请问苗部长您现在使用的手机是5G的吗？5G将会对人们的生产生活带来哪些影响？谢谢。

My question is for Mr. Miao. Do you use a 5G smartphone? And what kind of influences will 5G have on the public? Thanks.

苗圩：

Miao Wei:

我现在使用的还是4G的手机，现在在中国市场上商业发布的5G手机有11款。虽然有11款手机，但是大部分的手机都是非独立组网的。真正能够体现5G性能，还得依靠独立组网的5G网络，而不是基于4G核心网上面的NSA，就是非独立组网的产品。现在能够兼容NSA和SA的手机只有华为。现在各地所建的网络，我们了解到，基本上都是非独立组网的。只有到明年，我们才能够大规模投入独立组网的5G网络。

What I am using now is a 4G phone. Currently, there are 11 types of 5Gsmartphones in the business market. But most of them are phones that support the 5G non-standalone (NSA) network. To fully present the performance of 5Gsmartphones, we still need the 5G SA (standalone) network, instead of the NSA based on the 4G network. Huawei is the only company that produces devices that can supportNSA and SA -- primarily due to their chip and operating system. Most of the networksbuilt in China are 5G NSA networks. It is estimated that the 5G SA network willbe put into wider operation next year.

至于5G的应用，我认为是“二八律”的分布。对广大用户而言，4G手机够用了，不光是打电话、发短信，包括上网、看视频，都是足够的。当然对少部分特殊用户，比如年轻人在从事电竞、大型手游，可能现在的4G网络还不能满足他们的需要，但那只是涉及一少部分人的高端应用。5G真正的应用场景，80%应该是用在物与物的通信，如工业互联网、车联网、远程医疗等领域。

As for the application of 5G technology, I think it willfollow the Pareto Principle. For most users, 4G smartphones will beenough for them to make phone calls, send messages, andwatch videos online. While for a small number of users, for example, mobile gamers, the 4G network maybe not enough. However,5G technology will be mostly applied in fields of the industrial network.

比如车联网，我们和交通运输部、公安部已经达成共识，推动车联网的发展，不仅要关注到车，还要关注到路，车路之间要协同，这时候通信只能靠5G来实现，而这也是我们国家所特有的制度上的优势和市场上的优势。

Take the Internet of Vehicles as an example, we have reached agreements with the Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Public Security that the development of the Internet of Vehicles will not only target cars, but also roads. The two parts shouldbe coordinated. 5G is the only way to achieve this “communication,” and that's the advantage we have at theinstitutional leveland in the market.

再比如远程医疗，5G将实现远程监测、远程诊断等方面的应用。我们了解到，前一阶段有些地方也试验了AI+5G进行远程心脏手术，取得了成功，这也是一个示范。

As for remote medical care, 5G couldbe used for remote monitoring and diagnosis. One such example is China's successful completion of a remote AI+5G heart surgery.

在媒体领域，前几天我们刚刚在北京举办了篮球的世界杯，在世界杯现场9场转播当中，我们都是使用的5G+8K技术来进行转播，转播车上有8路4K的通信信道，6路8K的超高清通信信道，还有高速摄像两个通信信道，中国电信、中国联通、中国移动都参与了这个转播，很多国内的基础企业，华为、中兴、大唐等等都广泛参与了转播工作。转播过程中没有出现大的停止播出、大的卡顿、大的信号中断现象，都很流畅，而且场外的大屏免费为群众公布，大家有一种身临其境的感觉。在这之前我们还转播了音乐剧，除了视频之外还有高保真的音频，这些方面我们都已经实现。

In the field of media, China used “5G+8K” technology to broadcast the Beijing rounds of the FIBA Basketball World Cup which were held a few days ago. 5G+8K technology wasused to broadcast nine tournament games. There are eight 4K channels, six 8kchannels and two channels for high-speed digital cameras deployed in broadcasting vans outside the venue. Many Chinese companies, such as China Telecom, China Unicom, China Mobile, Huawei, ZTE and China Datang Cooperation Ltd. were involved in the broadcasting. Therewas no signal interruption nor break. The public enjoyed thegames on huge screens outside the stadium, with such flawless broadcasting that it felt like they were inside. In addition, China has broadcasted several music dramas with hi-fi audio.

我们所做的这些努力都是为2022年北京冬奥会做准备，到那时候，虽然大部分老百姓不能到现场去观看，我们也期待和现场有同样的感受，甚至有比现场更好的感受，如果您买的座位不是很好，可能在电视机前看比在现场看更好。未来将会有更多高可靠、低时延和海量的机器连接应用需求要依靠5G，特别是独立组网的5G来把它实现，从而最终实现5G改变社会的目标。

All these effortsare “trial runs” as China prepares for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. By then, though the public may not have the chance to watch thegames on site, 5G can make it better. In the future, more devices will be able to connect to the 5G network to realize their functions, especially the 5G SA network. Eventually, 5G will realize the goalto change society.

中央广播电视总台央视财经频道记者：

CCTV 2:

今年很多我国的重大技术装备领域所谓的大国重器引起社会的关注，比如大飞机，比如特种船舶，制造业装备等等。您认为这些进步突破对整个工业和经济的整体运行有哪些积极影响？未来进一步发展还要突破哪些关键问题？谢谢。

This year, much of China's major technological equipment have drawn widespread attention acrosssociety. Examples of this are the Airliner C919, special marine engineering machinery vessels, and manufacturing equipment. What positive impact will these breakthroughs have on the overall operation of Chinese industry and the economy? What key issues need to be addressed for further development? Thank you.

苗圩：

Miao Wei:

谢谢你的提问。重大技术装备关系到国家战略安全和国民经济命脉，是基础性、战略性的产品，是衡量一个国家制造业核心竞争力的重要标志，也是国之重器，对整个国民经济的发展起着支撑和带动作用。一方面，重大技术装备快速发展，有效地带动了我国产业技术升级，提升了产业基础能力和产业链水平。另一方面，重大技术装备还能够为能源、石化、交通运输等国民经济重点领域提供基础支撑，满足国民经济建设重大需求。对于加快我们制造强国建设、实现高质量发展都具有重大的战略意义。

Thank you for your question. The development of major technological equipment is closely related with the national strategic security as well as the lifeblood of the national economy. As strategic products for basic applications, major technological equipment are important indicators to evaluate a country's core competitiveness in the manufacturing sector. They are of great value to a country, and help to support and propel the development of thenational economy.First, the rapid development of major technological equipment will beeffectivein helping China upgrade its industry and technologies, strengthening the foundations of industry as well as theindustrial chaincapacity.Second, major technological equipment can also provide infrastructure for key areas of the national economy such as inenergy,the petrochemical industry and transportation. Thus, the development of major technological equipment is of great strategic significance in building China into anation that does high-quality manufacturing.

刚才你也提到了C919大飞机，在C919的研制过程中也形成了以上海为龙头，包括陕西、四川、辽宁等20多个省市、200多家企业近20万人参与的民机产业链，一批有实力的民营企业和包括跨国公司也进入了大型客机的研制体系。当然，重大技术装备具有技术要求高、前期投入大、研发风险高、制造周期长的特点，在发展当中不平衡不充分的问题依然十分突出。一是体制机制还需要进一步深化改革。我们体制内的创新能量还没有得到充分释放，内生性活力和动力还不够。另外，如何把资金链和产业链、创新链在形成合力方面需要进一步加强。二是高端装备所需要的基础零部件、先进工艺、先进材料等还存在着短板，特别是在生产线上的精密制造设备，检验检测设备还需要进一步突破。三是产品质量和水平还有待提升，部分产品还存在着可靠性、稳定性不高，品牌建设也相对滞后。

Earlier you mentioned the Airline C919. In the process of its R&D and manufacturing, an industrial chain, involving over 20 provinces, such as Shaanxi, Sichuan and Liaoning, was established. The industrial chain included over 200 enterprises and some 200,000 staffand were led by Shanghai. A number of well-established private enterprises, including some multinationals, have participated in the R&D system of Airline C919. Indeed, the development of major technological equipment requires advanced technologies and a huge initial investment; it is also a work that involves high risks and a long manufacturing cycle. Thus, the challenge of having imbalanced and insufficient development in such projects is important to bear in mind. In this regard, firstly, we need to deepenreformsinadministrative systems and mechanisms, where innovative potential hasyet to be leashed, and energy and motivation are far from sufficient. In addition,issues pertaining to incorporating the capital chain, industrial chain and a chain of innovation still need to be addressed. Secondly, our weakness in terms of basic components, advanced techniques and materials for high-end equipment remains a salient problem. This is especially so when it comes to the equipment for precision manufacturing applied on an assembly line, as well as the testing facilities, all of which need further development. Thirdly, the quality of products and manufacturing need also tobe improved. Some products are comparatively less reliable and stable whileothers are poorly branded.

下一步，我们将继续坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，从研发、工程化、产业化三个环节协同发力，补齐重大短板，提升创新能力，推动重大技术装备高质量发展。

In the future, we will continue to take supply-side structural reform as our main task, making collaborative efforts to promote R&D and to foster project-oriented and industry-specific manufacturing. We will work to strengthen our key weaknesses and improve our capacity for innovation in order to promote the high-quality development of major technological equipment.

第一，要强化统筹协调，加强国家制造强国建设领导小组统筹领导，协调各方资源，共同促进跨地区、跨行业、跨领域的重大技术装备创新发展。

First, we need to strengthen overall coordination. We will work to strengthen the role of the National Leading Group for Building China into a Manufacturer of Quality, coordinating the efforts of all involved, to jointly promote the innovative development of major technological equipment across regions, industries and fields.

第二，要推进研发体系的创新，以需求为导向、以企业为主体、产学研用相结合、上下游衔接、大中小企业协同的创新机制，充分调动全社会的力量来协同攻关。

Second, we need to promote the innovation of our R&D system, which should be supply-driven, enterprise-centered; involve thecooperation of enterprises, universities, research institutions and consumers, and thecoordinationby manufacturersand business at different stages andscalesof development. Sucha system of innovation should fully empower andmotivate our society to solve critical difficulties.

第三，要加强对首台套推广和应用，探索建立首台套应用容错机制，支持使用首台套产品，在应用当中不断地迭代完善提高。

Third, we need to promote the application for the first batches of key equipment, try to build mechanisms to allow for errors in the application of the first batches, so that key equipment can be improved upon during the application process.

第四，要提高国际合作水平，坚持以市场化为导向，更深更广地融入到全球供给体系当中去。谢谢你的提问。

Fourth, we need to improve international cooperation by adhering to a market-driven approach in order to better integrate into the global system of demand and supply. Thank you.

第一财经记者：

Yicai:

刚才苗部长特别提到了中国是第一制造业大国，中国制造业在取得了巨大成就的同时，当前也面临着一些压力和挑战。从先行指标来看，制造业PMI已经连续4个月位于荣枯线以下，PPI同比也已经由正转负，想请问您对当前工业制造业形势怎么看？如何实现制造业的高质量发展？

Minister Miao just mentioned that China has become the largest power in terms of manufacturing. China's manufacturing sector has made tremendous progress and now faces certain pressures and challenges. Looking at the preceding indicators, we see that the PMI of manufacturing has been below 50% for the fourth straight month. The year-on-year growth rate of PPI has turned from positive to negative. What do you think of the current situation of industrial manufacturing? What's your advice on how to realize high-quality development of manufacturing?

黄利斌：

Huang Libin:

谢谢您的提问，以及你对经济指标的高度关注。面对复杂多变的国内外环境和持续加大的经济下行压力，从总体上看，工业经济运行保持了平稳运行的态势，从工业生产、企业效益到产业结构调整，到中小企业发展，前8个月有以下几个方面特点：

Thanks for your questions and for paying so much attention to the economic indicators. Generally speaking, the industrial economy has been running stably despite the complicated and volatile situation at home and abroad and increasing downward pressure in the economy. In the first eight months, the industrial economic development showed the following trends in the areas of industrial production, corporate performance, industrial restructuring, and the development of medium and small-sized enterprises.

一是工业生产基本平稳，前8个月规模以上工业增加值同比增长5.6%，还在我们年初提出的全年5.5%-6%的目标区间内，当然也稳中趋缓。

First, industrial production has basically been running stably. In the first eight months, enterprises above the designated size saw value-added industrial output grow 5.6% from last year, which is within this year's target range of 5.5-6% that we proposed at the beginning of the year. The overall growth has been steady but gradually slowing down.

二是企业利润降幅有所收窄，前7个月规模以上工业企业利润同比下降1.7%，但是降幅比上半年收窄0.7个百分点，7月当月增长了2.6%。

Second, the declines in corporate profits have narrowed to certain extent. In the first seven months, industrial enterprises above the designated size saw profits decrease 1.7% from last year. However, this decline narrowed by 0.7 percentage points in comparison to profits in the first half of the year. Moreover, industrial enterprises above the designated size saw profits increase 2.6% from last year in the month of July.

三是去产能成效在持续显现，突出表现在原材料工业，前8个月原材料工业增加值同比增长7%，增速比去年同期加快2.6个百分点。这表明近几年我们坚定不移推进钢铁去产能取得了很大的成效。钢铁行业产能利用率超过80%，在生产保持较快的同时，产销率保持在高位。

Third, the efforts to reduce overcapacity have been paying off, especially in the raw materials industry. In the first eight months, this industry experienced a 7% year-on-year increase in value-added industrial output, which is 2.6 percentage points higher than the growth rate of the same period last year. Our commitment to reducing overcapacity in the iron and steel industry in recent years has borne fruit. The capacity utilization rate of the iron and steel industry has exceeded 80%. While maintaining a rapid speed of production, the industry managed to keep the sales-to-production ratio at a high level.

四是民营和中小企业状况在进一步改善，我们不断优化营商环境，积极推进清理拖欠民营企业和中小企业账款工作，民营和中小企业的发展活力在不断增强。前8个月民营工业企业增加值同比增长7.3%，快于整体工业增速。当然，我们也要看到，工业增长呈现出一定的稳中趋缓态势，一些指标存在下行压力，我们要从国际大的形势一起综合研判。当前，全球经济增长动能在放缓，全球制造业采购经理人指数，就是全球PMI也连续数月处在荣枯线以下，全球工业增长率上半年只有2%，其中发达国家增长0.1%，发展中国家增长3.7%，中国增速还是大大高于世界水平。同时，受地缘政治冲突、中美经贸摩擦等不确定、不稳定因素的影响，这些都必然会波及和影响到我国工业生产。除此之外，我们制造业转型升级正处在爬坡过坎的关键时期，像产业结构调整要牺牲一定增长速度，产业治理和政策调整也会波及到一些行业和企业的生产。内外部因素交织，工业经济运行确实面临着一定下行压力。

Fourth, the conditions of private and medium and small-sized enterprises have further improved. The business environment has continued to improve. We pressed forward with the work of settling accounts receivable owed to private and medium and small-sized enterprises. Such enterprises have been further vitalized. In the first eight months, such enterprises saw value-added industrial output increasing 7.3% year-on-year, higher than the growth rate of the industrial sector as a whole.

Surely, we must notice that industrial growth has showed a trend of slowing down while still running stably. Some indicators are facing downward pressure. We should take the big picture of the global situation into consideration. At present, global economic growth has been slowing down. The global manufacturing PMI has been below 50% for several consecutive months. The world's industrial growth rate was merely 2% in the first half of this year, while that of developed countries was 0.1%, and developing countries was 3.7%. China's growth rate was still much higher than the global standard. Meanwhile, our industrial production was subject to the influence of geopolitical conflicts, economic and trade frictions between China and the United States, among other uncertainties. In addition, our manufacturing industry has entered a critical period of development with various difficulties to overcome, including industrial restructuring which will somehow affect growth rate. Industrial governance and policy adjustments will also affect the production in certain industries and enterprises. Under the influence of internal and external factors, the industrial economy is facing certain downward pressure.

总之，要保持我们这样一个体量超过30万亿元、庞大的工业经济体平稳运行，确实不容易。当前我国工业经济运行基本面还是好的，我们不能被短期一些变化牵着鼻子走，关键还是要看运行质量和效益。坚定不移地推进产业结构调整升级，对此我们还是要保持战略定力。下一步，我们将按照党中央、国务院对经济工作的决策部署，深化落实“巩固、增强、提升、畅通”八字方针，着力做好“六稳”工作，努力办好我们自己的事情。

In short, it is not easy, indeed, to keep our enormous, 30-trillion-yuan industrial economy running stably. The fundamentals of the industrial economy of our country are still sound. We shouldn't be distracted by the short-term changes. Instead, we should focus on the quality and effectiveness of the economic development. We should maintain the strategic concentration on pressing forward with industrial restructuring and upgrading. Following the decision and arrangement of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council for economic work, we should implement supply-side reform with in-depth approaches according to the guidance of "consolidating achievements, further vitalizing enterprises, upgrading industrial chain and removing economic barriers", make efforts to stabilize employment, our financial situation, foreign trade, foreign and domestic investment and economic forecast and strive to fulfill our duties.

推动工业经济平稳运行和高质量发展，重点有五个方面工作：一是坚持创新驱动发展，二是强化工业基础能力，三是进一步提升产业链水平，四是充分调动企业积极性，五是努力营造良好发展环境。我相信，通过我们的努力，一定会实现我们年初提出的预期目标，谢谢。

To keep the industrial economy running stably and maintaining high quality development, we should continue to drive growth through innovation, strengthen the industrial base, step up the development of the industrial chain, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises, and strive to create a better environment for development. And I believe, through our efforts, the goal we set at the beginning of the year will be achieved. Thank you.

胡凯红：

Hu Kaihong:

最后一个提问。

The last question, please.

光明日报记者：

Guangming Daily:

有报道称，今年以来我国汽车工业产销量呈现下滑态势，请问工信部对未来我国汽车工业的发展前景怎么看？谢谢。

It has been reported that China's automotive industry has seen declining production and sales this year. How will you, on behalf of the Ministry, look at the future landscape of the industry? Thank you.

苗圩：

Miao Wei:

谢谢你的提问。汽车产业是国民经济重要的支柱性产业，从1956年第一辆“解放”牌汽车下线到2018年全国汽车产量超过2780万辆，中国汽车的产销量连续十年跃居全球首位。另外，像新能源汽车的产销量和保有量均占到世界的一半以上，我们是名副其实的世界汽车大国。从去年的7月份以来，受宏观经济环境等多种因素的影响，汽车的产销出现了28年来首次下降，近两个月虽然降幅有所收窄，但是行业整体仍面临较大的压力。

Thank you for your question. Automobile is a pillar industry of the national economy. From the rollout of the country's first domestically-made vehicle of the "Jiefang" series in 1956 to a production capacity of more than 27.8 million in 2018, China's auto sector has continued to stay on top of global rankings by production and sales for 10 consecutive years. In addition, China owns more than half of the global production, sales and inventory of new energy automobiles, which is evidence that China is a major auto country in the world. However, since July 2018, affected by multitudes of factors including macroeconomic conditions, automobile production and sales dropped for the first time in 28 consecutive years. Although the rate of the reduction shrunk over the last two months, the industry still remains under considerable pressure.

从产业发展规律来看，当前我国汽车工业进入了市场和产业结构的调整期，综合考虑经济增长、城镇化进程、节能环保标准的升级和老旧汽车报废更新等多种因素，特别是在新一轮科技革命和产业变革的推动下，汽车产业的电动化、智能化、网联化、共享化叠加交汇，可以为汽车工业的发展赋能。汽车产业的能源动力、生产运行和消费方式都开始在全面重塑，我国汽车产业长期向好的发展态势我认为是没有改变的。

Given the industrial rules, China's automotive sector has entered a period of adjustments in terms of both the auto market and the industrial structure. The domestic auto industry is expected to be empowered by a combination of factors, like economic growth, urbanization, upgrade in energy conservation and environmental protection standards and scrapping of old cars. Especially, under the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, the sector will be increasingly driven by electrification, intelligence, internet connection and shared mobility. Now the auto industry is undergoing a reshaping in a comprehensive way from the motor system, production to operation and consumption and I believe that it will remain headed on an unchanging trajectory of sound momentum in the long run.

当前，我国汽车产业正处在由高速增长期转向高质量发展期的关键时刻，我们要坚定发展信心，抢抓战略机遇，重点在调结构、提品质、创品牌、走出去四个方面来下功夫。

So far, the auto industry in China is at a critical point of transforming from high-speed growth to high-quality growth. We should be confident in its development, seize strategic opportunities, and make endeavors in the four respects of structural adjustment, quality improvement, brand-building and expansion into international markets.

在调结构方面，就是要坚持发展新能源汽车的国家战略不动摇，推动汽车与能源、交通、信息通信等产业的加速融合，促进智能网联汽车的发展。同时，还要科学引导传统燃油汽车转型升级，实现产业的协调发展，新旧动能的平稳转换。

In view of structural adjustment, we should adhere to the national strategy to develop new energy vehicles. We should accelerate the industrial integration of automobile, energy, transport and information and communication and boost the development of intelligent and internet-connected vehicles. At the same time, we need to upgrade conventional fossil-fueled vehicles, pursue coordinated industrial development and ensure a smooth transition from old to new growth drivers.

在提质量方面，产销量不再是考核产业发展的唯一指标，更重要的还是要提升发展的质量。去年虽然我们产销量下降了，但是增加值下降的幅度远远小于产销量下降的幅度，这也表明我们产品的附加值的提升、产业质量的提升。企业要紧跟市场的需求，大力研发新产品，坚持提升产品的性能、品质、可靠性和售后服务，作为提升产业竞争力的根本要求，满足广大用户的需求。

In view of upgrading quality, production and sales will no longer be the only yardstick for judging the performance of the auto industry. More importance should be placed on quality development. Despite the drop in production and sales, the added values fell at a much smaller rate, which indicated an improvement in added values and quality. Auto manufacturers should keep abreast of market demand, develop new products and improve their performance, quality, reliability and after-sales service continuously. Those are the essential things for manufacturers to raise competitiveness and meet the demands of consumers.

在创品牌方面，要牢固树立品牌意识，引导企业实施品牌发展战略，瞄准打造百年老店，不断地提升品牌知名度和美誉度，通过提升知名度和美誉度来提升品牌价值，努力向汽车产业价值链中高端迈进。

Regarding brand-building, manufacturers should establish a strong sense of brand image. We will guide them to adopt a brand strategy with an aim to build centennial brands. They should keep enhancing the popularity and reputation of their brands to increase their brand value and rise toward the middle and the high end of the auto industry chain.

在走出去方面，汽车产业要践行开放、融通、互利、共赢的合作观，充分利用共建“一带一路”这些机遇，在继续坚持扩大开放、坚持引进来的同时，也鼓励企业走出去，用更好的产品发展“一带一路”沿线国家市场，高质量地融入全球产业体系和国际汽车市场。我就回答这些。

In view of the "go-out" strategy, the auto industry should embrace cooperation based on openness, connectivity, mutual benefits and win-win outcomes.It will take full advantage of the opportunities created by the Belt and Road Initiative. While continuing to expand opening-up and bring in, we also encourage domestic auto makers to step into foreign markets with better products, and achieve high-quality integration into the global industry system and international auto market. I'll stop here.

胡凯红：

Hu Kaihong:

今天的发布会到此结束，谢谢苗部长，谢谢两位发言人，谢谢各位。

Now, let's conclude the press conference here. Please allow me to extend my thanks to Mr. Miao, to the two spokespersons and to everybody here.