政府工作报告

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

——2026年3月5日在第十四届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上

Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 14th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2026

国务院总理李强

Li Qiang

Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and also for comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2025年工作回顾

I. A Review of Our Work in 2025

2025年是很不平凡的一年。党的二十届四中全会胜利召开，擘画了未来五年我国发展的宏伟蓝图。我们隆重纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年，设立台湾光复纪念日，极大振奋民族精神、激发爱国热情、凝聚奋斗力量。面对国内外形势深刻复杂的变化，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国各族人民迎难而上、奋力拼搏，坚定不移贯彻新发展理念、推动高质量发展，统筹国内国际两个大局，全年经济社会发展主要目标任务顺利完成，“十四五”圆满收官，中国式现代化迈出新的坚实步伐。

The year 2025 stood out as truly remarkable. At its fourth plenary session, the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) set out an inspiring blueprint for China’s development over the next five years. We commemorated the 80th anniversary of victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War and established the Taiwan Recovery Day. These events have greatly lifted our national spirit, fostered patriotism among our people, and further galvanized strength for pursuing our goals.

Amidst profound and complex developments both at home and abroad, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core rallied the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led us in meeting challenges head-on and working hard with determination. Keeping in mind both domestic and international imperatives, we steadfastly applied the new development philosophy and pursued high-quality development. Thanks to these efforts, the main goals and tasks for economic and social development in 2025 were accomplished, the14th Five-Year Plan was brought to a successful conclusion, and solid new strides were made in advancing Chinese modernization.

一年来，我国经济顶压前行、展现强大韧性。经济运行总体平稳、稳中有进，国内生产总值增长5%，总量达到140.19万亿元。就业总体稳定，城镇新增就业1267万人，城镇调查失业率平均为5.2%。对外贸易较快增长，出口多元化成效明显，国际收支基本平衡。民生保障更加有力，居民收入增长和经济增长同步，脱贫攻坚成果巩固拓展，实施学前一年免费教育政策、惠及1400万儿童，全面实施育儿补贴制度、惠及3000多万婴幼儿。粮食产量达到1.43万亿斤。重点领域风险化解取得积极进展，社会大局保持稳定。

Over the past year, the Chinese economy has proved remarkably resilient, forging ahead against headwinds.

The economy remained generally stable, and steady growth was registered. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 5 percent, reaching 140.19 trillion yuan. Overall employment remained stable, with 12.67 million urban jobs created, and the average surveyed urban unemployment rate stood at 5.2 percent. Foreign trade registered rapid growth, significant advances were made in export diversification, and a basic equilibrium was maintained in the balance of payments.

Public wellbeing initiatives delivered more robust outcomes: Personal incomes rose in step with economic growth; poverty alleviation gains were consolidated and expanded; the policy of providing one year of free preschool education was implemented, benefiting 14 million children; and over 30 million children under three benefited from the childcare subsidies launched nationwide last year.

Grain output rose to 715 million metric tons. Encouraging headway was made in defusing risks in key areas; overall social stability was ensured.

一年来，我国发展向新向优、彰显蓬勃活力。新质生产力稳步发展，科技创新成果丰硕，人工智能、生物医药、机器人、量子科技等研发应用走在世界前列，芯片自主研发有了新突破，天问二号开启“追星”之旅，北斗规模应用全面拓展，雅下水电工程开工建设，首艘国产电磁弹射型航母福建舰正式入列，国产大模型引领全球开源生态。产业结构持续优化，高技术制造业、装备制造业增加值分别增长9.4%、9.2%，工业机器人、集成电路产量分别增长28%、10.9%，新能源汽车年产量超过1600万辆，电动汽车充电设施突破2000万个。单位国内生产总值能耗降低5.1%，生态环境质量持续改善。

Over the past year, China has achieved dynamic, innovation-driven, and high-quality development.

New quality productive forces grew steadily, and numerous new advances were made in science and technology. China led the way in the research, development, and application of artificial intelligence (AI), biomedicine, robotics, and quantum technology. New breakthroughs were made in the independent research and development (R&D) of chips. The Tianwen-2 probe embarked on an interplanetary exploration mission; large-scale application of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System was extended across various sectors; construction began on the hydropower project in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River; the Fujian, China’s first domestically built aircraft carrier equipped with an electromagnetic catapult system, was officially commissioned; and China-made large AI models spearheaded the development of the global open-source AI ecosystem.

The industrial structure continued to improve. The value added of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing grew by 9.4 percent and 9.2 percent respectively, while the output of industrial robots and integrated circuits rose by 28 percent and 10.9 percent respectively. New-energy vehicle output exceeded 16 million units, and the number of electric vehicle charging facilities topped 20 million. A drop of 5.1 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP contributed to continued improvement in the environment.

过去一年取得的成绩来之不易。我们面对的是多年少有的外部冲击挑战和国内两难多难问题交织叠加的复杂严峻形势。国际经贸环境急剧变化，单边主义、保护主义陡然升级，市场预期受到频繁扰动，对外贸易明显承压。国内经济深刻转型，深层次结构性矛盾问题持续显现，消费、投资增长动力不足。以习近平同志为核心的党中央带领我们沉着应对、勇毅前行，对外有理有力有效开展经贸斗争，坚定维护我国利益，中美5轮经贸磋商取得积极成果，两国元首釜山会晤达成重要共识，为经贸合作注入更多稳定性；对内打好政策“组合拳”，加强宏观政策逆周期调节，着力稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期，集中力量办好自己的事。我们从最坏处打算，向最好处努力，不仅稳住了宏观经济大盘，推动高质量发展取得新成效，而且极大提振了全社会的士气和信心。在这个过程中，我们进一步认识到，做好新形势下经济工作必须充分挖掘经济潜能、必须坚持政策支持和改革创新并举、必须做到既“放得活”又“管得好”、必须坚持投资于物和投资于人紧密结合、必须以苦练内功来应对外部挑战。实践再次证明，坚持党中央集中统一领导是应对一切困难、做好各项工作的根本保证，中国人民有信心有智慧有力量战胜一切艰难险阻！

What we achieved in 2025 was indeed hard won. Rarely in many years have we encountered such a grave and complex landscape, where external shocks and challenges were intertwined with domestic difficulties and tough policy choices.

The international economic and trade environment underwent drastic changes. As unilateralism and protectionism abruptly escalated, market expectations were hit by frequent volatility, and China’s foreign trade came under considerable pressure. Domestically, the economy remained in the midst of a profound transformation, deep-seated structural problems became more pronounced, and consumption and investment lacked adequate growth momentum.

The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core led us in meeting these challenges with composure and pressing ahead with fortitude.

On the international front, we took a reasoned, robust, and effective approach to addressing economic and trade issues and stood firm in safeguarding China’s national interests. Positive outcomes were produced by the five rounds of China-US trade talks, and important common understandings were reached by the two countries’ heads of state during their meeting in Busan, putting China-US economic and trade cooperation on a more stable footing.

On the domestic front, we focused on running our own affairs well: We improved policy coordination and took macro policy steps to enhance counter-cyclical adjustments, with the aim of keeping employment, enterprise operations, markets, and expectations stable. By preparing for the worst while striving for the best, not only did we maintain overall macroeconomic stability and secure new advances in high-quality development, but we also significantly bolstered morale and confidence across society.

During this process, we deepened our understanding of what is needed to deliver in economic work under new circumstances: We must fully tap the potential of the economy; both provide policy support and pursue reform and innovation; both foster market vitality and conduct effective regulation; invest in both physical assets and people; and hone our own capabilities to navigate external challenges.

Once again, it has been shown that upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for overcoming all difficulties and advancing all of our work. It has been shown that the Chinese people possess the confidence, wisdom, and strength to surmount any obstacle that lies ahead.

我们深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，按照党中央决策部署，一年来主要做了以下工作。

Last year, we continued to enrich our understanding of and apply Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We also fully applied the guiding principles from the 20th CPC National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee. Acting on the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee, we mainly did the following work:

一是实施更加积极有为的宏观政策，着力稳定经济运行。年初我们就做好了应对复杂多变局面的充分准备，一季度经济起势有力、开局良好。二季度以后，针对经济运行中的新情况特别是美国加征关税冲击，充分发挥存量政策作用，加力推出稳就业稳经济等一系列新举措，有力对冲了经济下行压力，保障了全年主要目标实现。实施更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，扩大财政支出规模，加强重点领域财力保障，下调政策利率和存款准备金率，持续降低社会综合融资成本。加力扩围实施消费品以旧换新，带动商品销售额超过2.6万亿元，文旅体等服务消费潜力加快释放，社会消费品零售总额突破50万亿元。围绕扩大有效投资，加强“两重”项目建设，加快设备更新资金拨付使用，设备购置投资增长11.8%，设立新型政策性金融工具补充重点项目资本金。持续用力稳楼市，合理控制新增房地产用地供应，因城施策调减限制性措施，下调个人住房公积金贷款利率，“保交房”任务全面完成。综合施策稳股市，资本市场回稳回暖、交易活跃。深入实施一揽子化债方案，有序置换地方政府存量隐性债务，持续压减融资平台数量，地方债务结构不断优化。一体推进地方中小金融机构风险处置和转型发展，高风险机构数量大幅下降，风险化解成效明显。

1. We implemented more proactive and effective macro policies and worked to maintain stable economic performance.

Early in the year, we took all necessary steps to prepare for emerging complex and volatile situations. China’s economy was thus well-placed to get off to a good start and build strong momentum in the first quarter. From the second quarter on, in response to new developments facing the economy, particularly the impact of US tariff hikes, we fully leveraged policies already in place and introduced a range of more robust measures to maintain employment and economic stability. These steps effectively cushioned downward economic pressure and ensured the fulfillment of major objectives for the year.

We pursued a more proactive fiscal policy and an appropriately accommodative monetary policy. Government spending was increased to strengthen fiscal support for key areas, while policy interest rates and required reserve ratios were cut to further reduce overall financing costs. Consumer goods trade-in programs were ramped up and extended to more items, resulting in over 2.6 trillion yuan in commodity sales. Consumption potential was unlocked at an accelerated pace in culture, tourism, sports, and other service sectors, with total retail sales of consumer goods topping 50 trillion yuan. To boost effective investment, we stepped up efforts to implement major national strategies and enhance security capacity in key areas. Funding for equipment upgrades was allocated and put to use more quickly, driving an 11.8-percent increase in investment in equipment purchase. New types of policy-backed financial instruments were introduced to replenish capital for major projects.

We continued to take effective steps to stabilize the real estate market. We kept the supply of land for new real estate projects at an appropriate level, introduced city-specific policies to adjust and reduce property transaction restrictions, and cut interest rates on mortgages granted through individual housing provident funds.

二是坚持创新驱动发展，建设现代化产业体系。全面推进科技强国建设战略部署，强化国家战略科技力量建设，完善区域科技创新体系，加强基础前沿领域体系化布局和关键核心技术攻关。全社会研发经费投入强度达到2.8%，技术合同成交额增长10.8%。科技创新和产业创新融合加快，传统产业转型升级不断深入，新兴产业、未来产业蓬勃发展，现代服务业保持快速发展势头。聚焦重点领域制定修订583项国家标准。持续推进制造数字化转型和“人工智能＋”行动，行业应用加快落地，新型智能终端不断涌现。数据要素潜力加快释放，数字经济核心产业增加值占国内生产总值的比重提高到10.5%以上。

2. We pursued innovation-driven development and continued to build a modernized industrial system.

We implemented strategic plans for comprehensively building China’s strength in science and technology. This included boosting strategic science and technology capabilities, improving regional technological innovation systems, reinforcing systematic planning for basic and frontier areas, and making breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. Last year, China’s R&D spending reached 2.8 percent of GDP, and the value of technology contract transactions rose by 10.8 percent.

The integration of technological and industrial innovation picked up pace; transformation and upgrading of traditional industries continued; emerging industries and industries of the future achieved impressive growth; and rapid development was sustained in modern services.

A total of 583 national standards for key areas were formulated or revised. We moved ahead with digital transformation of manufacturing and theAI Plus Initiative. AI industrial application gathered pace, and new intelligent terminals emerged continuously. The potential of data as a production factor was unlocked more quickly, and the value added of core digital economy industries exceeded 10.5 percent of GDP.

三是进一步深化改革开放，畅通国民经济循环。扎实落实党的二十届三中全会改革部署。实施全国统一大市场建设指引，出台新版市场准入负面清单，系统整治招标投标、招商引资领域突出问题，推进重点行业产能治理，综合整治“内卷式”竞争成效显现。开展要素市场化配置综合改革试点。国有企业改革深化提升行动取得积极成效，出台进一步促进民间投资发展的措施。加快加力清理拖欠企业账款。有序推进自主开放、单边开放，稳步扩大单方面免签或全面互免签证。加大稳外贸力度，进出口量稳质升，出口增长6.1%。出台稳外资行动方案，新设外资企业数量增长19.1%。实施自由贸易试验区提升战略，海南自由贸易港启动全岛封关运作。扎实推进高质量共建“一带一路”，各领域务实合作水平不断提升。

3. We further deepened reform and opening up and ensured smooth flows in the national economy

We took solid steps to implement the reform plans adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. We implemented the guidelines on developing a unified national market, issued an updated negative list for market access, and systematically addressed prominent problems in the areas of public bidding and investment attraction. We pushed ahead with production capacity regulation in key industries and achieved notable progress in addressing rat race competition through holistic measures. Comprehensive reform trials were carried out to promote market-based allocation of production factors. Initiatives to deepen and upgrade the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) yielded positive results, and we rolled out measures to further boost private investment. We worked faster and redoubled efforts to see that overdue payments owed to enterprises were settled.

We took the initiative to open China wider and advanced unilateral opening up in a well-ordered way, steadily expanding both unilateral visa-free entry policies and comprehensive mutual visa exemptions.

Greater efforts were made to maintain stable performance of foreign trade, ensuring both stable volume and higher quality. Exports for the year grew by 6.1 percent. Thanks to a new initiative launched to keep foreign investment stable, we saw a 19.1-percent increase in the number of newly-established foreign-funded enterprises. The strategy to upgrade pilot free trade zones was implemented, and island-wide special customs operations were launched in the Hainan Free Trade Port. Solid steps were taken to advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, further boosting practical cooperation in various fields.

四是统筹推进新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴，促进城乡区域协调发展。贯彻中央城市工作会议部署，培育发展现代化都市圈，加强城市规划建设治理，持续实施城市更新，落实好农业转移人口市民化政策，开展新型城镇化试点，常住人口城镇化率达到67.9%。着力稳面积、提单产、抗灾害，再夺粮食丰收。扎实做好巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接，脱贫人口务工就业规模稳定在3000万人以上。加大区域战略实施力度，区域联动发展水平不断提升。

4. We moved forward with both new urbanization and all-around rural revitalization and promoted coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between different regions.

In implementing the plans set out at last year’s Central Urban Work Conference, we fostered modern metropolitan areas, bolstered urban planning, development, and governance, steadily advanced urban renewal, adopted policies on granting permanent urban residency to people moving to cities from rural areas, and piloted initiatives on new urbanization. As a result, the share of permanent urban residents in the total population rose to 67.9 percent.

Efforts to keep total grain acreage stable, boost per-unit crop yields, and protect against disasters helped secure yet another bumper harvest. We took concrete steps to ensure that efforts to consolidate and expand poverty alleviation gains were well aligned with those to boost rural revitalization. The number of employed people among those lifted out of poverty remained at over 30 million. We intensified implementation of regional strategies and enhanced interconnected development among different regions.

五是切实抓好民生保障，积极发展社会事业。出台稳就业支持政策，开展大规模职业技能提升培训行动，重点群体就业保持稳定。推进教育强国建设三年行动计划，推动高校学科专业调整，加强县域普通高中建设。实施医疗卫生强基工程。完善儿科和精神卫生服务体系，全国二三级公立综合医院儿科服务实现全覆盖。有效防控基孔肯雅热等传染病疫情。健全基本医保参保长效机制，优化医药集采措施，推出商业健康保险创新药目录，长期护理保险制度覆盖3亿人。渐进式延迟法定退休年龄改革稳妥实施。城乡居民基础养老金月最低标准提高20元，在全国实施个人养老金制度，开展养老服务消费补贴试点。持续推进社会救助扩围增效，加强重度残疾人托养照护，完善困境儿童福利保障措施。提高优抚标准。发展文化事业和文化产业，旅游业活力显现，国内出游人次增长16.2%，入境旅游人次增长17.1%。成功举办第九届亚洲冬季运动会、第十五届全国运动会，群众体育赛事和全民健身活动蓬勃开展。

5. We ensured the people’s wellbeing and actively developed social programs.

We adopted new supportive policies to stabilize employment, carried out large-scale training programs to upgrade vocational skills, and ensured stable employment for key groups. We advanced the three-year action plan for boosting China’s strength in education, moved ahead with adjustments to academic disciplines and majors in universities, and enhanced the development of county-level regular high schools.

We implemented initiatives to strengthen community-level medical and health services. Pediatric and mental health services were improved, and pediatric services were extended to all Grade II and Grade III public general hospitals in the country. We effectively prevented and controlled the spread of infectious diseases such as Chikungunya. We improved the mechanism for encouraging long-term participation in the basic medical insurance scheme, refined centralized procurement of medicines and medical consumables, and issued a list of innovative drugs for commercial health insurance. Long-term care insurance schemes now cover 300 million people.

The reform to gradually raise the statutory retirement age was advanced in a prudent manner. Minimum basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents were increased by 20 yuan per month. The private pension system was implemented nationwide, and trials on elderly care service vouchers were launched. We delivered more extensive and effective social assistance, strengthened care and support for people with severe disabilities, and improved welfare and protection for children in need. Subsidies for entitled groups were raised.

Cultural programs and industries were boosted. Domestic tourist trips increased by 16.2 percent and inbound tourist trips by 17.1 percent, illustrating the vitality of the tourism sector. We successfully hosted the 9th Asian Winter Games and the 15th National Games. We also witnessed a strong surge in recreational sports events and public fitness activities.

六是加快美丽中国建设，推动绿色低碳发展。扎实开展大气污染防治提质增效行动，地级及以上城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）平均浓度下降4.4%。持续加强大江大河和重要湖库保护，地表水水质优良断面比例提高到91.4%。启动实施美丽中国先行区建设。加快重点行业绿色低碳转型。第一批“沙戈荒”新能源基地项目基本建成投产，新型储能装机规模超过1.3亿千瓦，非化石能源消费占比达到21.7%。宣布应对气候变化2035年国家自主贡献目标，充分展现负责任大国担当。

6. We worked faster to build a Beautiful China and advanced green and low-carbon development.

We took solid measures to improve both the quality and efficacy of air pollution prevention and control. In cities at and above the prefectural level, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) fell by 4.4 percent. Efforts to conserve major rivers and important lakes and reservoirs were intensified, and the share of surface water with a good quality rating reached 91.4 percent. Initiatives were launched to build pilot zones under the Beautiful China Initiative.

The green and low-carbon transition in key industries picked up pace. The first batch of new energy bases in desert areas, the Gobi, and other arid areas was generally completed and put into operation. The installed capacity of new-type energy storage exceeded 130 gigawatts, and the share of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption reached 21.7 percent. China announced its2035 Nationally Determined Contributions to respond to climate change, demonstrating our commitment as a responsible major country.

七是持续加强政府建设，创新和完善社会治理。贯彻落实党中央全面从严治党战略部署，扎实开展深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育，加强党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争，大力整治形式主义为基层减负。深入推进法治政府建设，提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案13件，制定修订行政法规30部。自觉依法接受监督。认真办理人大代表议案、建议和政协委员提案。开展规范涉企行政执法专项行动。健全“高效办成一件事”重点事项常态化推进机制。开展推动高质量发展综合督查。加强城乡基层治理。做好新就业群体服务管理。提升信访工作法治化水平。持续推进安全生产治本攻坚三年行动，生产安全事故总起数下降8.7%。有效应对部分地区洪涝、干旱、台风、地震等自然灾害。全力维护国家安全和社会稳定，积极预防、依法打击各类违法犯罪活动，平安中国建设取得新进展。

7. We continued to enhance government performance and developed new and better approaches to social governance.

We implemented the Party Central Committee’s strategic plans for conducting full and rigorous Party self-governance, launched a study campaign for fully implementing the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct, and strengthened efforts to improve Party conduct, build integrity, and combat corruption. We also made a major push to address pointless formalities to lighten the burden on those working on the ground.

We continued to build a law-based government. We submitted 13 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC) for deliberation and formulated or revised 30 administrative regulations. We readily accepted oversight in compliance with the law and handled with careful attention motions and recommendations from NPC deputies and proposals by CPPCC National Committee members. We launched a special initiative to regulate enterprise-related administrative law enforcement.

We refined the mechanism for ensuring regular headway on key matters in the delivery of one-stop government services and conducted general inspections to assess progress toward high-quality development. We improved urban and rural community governance, ensured effective services and management for groups in new forms of employment, and placed public complaint and proposal handling on a stronger legal footing.

We continued the three-year drive to address the root causes of workplace accidents and ensure production safety, realizing an 8.7-percent reduction in accidents at work. We adopted effective measures to respond to natural disasters such as floods, droughts, typhoons, and earthquakes in affected places.

Every effort was made to safeguard national security and social stability, and robust measures were taken to prevent and crack down on illegal and criminal activities of all types in accordance with the law. All this has led to further progress in advancing thePeaceful China Initiative.

过去一年，中国特色大国外交取得新成效。习近平主席等党和国家领导人出访多国，出席中国—中亚峰会、亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议、金砖国家领导人线上峰会、二十国集团领导人峰会等重大多双边活动。成功举办上海合作组织天津峰会、全球妇女峰会、中拉论坛第四届部长级会议等重大主场外交活动。坚决反对保护主义和单边霸凌行径，坚定维护多边主义和开放合作，坚定捍卫二战胜利成果，提出全球治理倡议，推动构建人类命运共同体，在应对全球性挑战和解决国际地区热点问题中发挥积极建设性作用。中国为促进世界和平与发展作出了重要贡献。

In 2025, we made new advances in conducting major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. President Xi Jinping and other Party and state leaders visited many countries and attended a host of major bilateral and multilateral events, including the China-Central Asia Summit, the 32nd APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting, the Virtual BRICS Summit, and the 20th G20 Summit. China also hosted several major diplomatic events, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Tianjin Summit, the Global Leaders’ Meeting on Women, and the Fourth Ministerial Meeting of the China-CELAC Forum.

We remained firm in opposing protectionism and unilateral bullying acts, in upholding multilateralism, openness, and cooperation, and in defending the victorious outcomes of World War II. We proposed theGlobal Governance Initiative, continued to promote the building of a community with a shared future for humanity, and played a positive and constructive role in addressing global challenges and resolving regional and international hotspot issues. With these efforts, China made important contributions to global peace and development.

2025年是“十四五”收官之年。过去5年，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国各族人民，有效应对世纪疫情等超乎寻常的冲击挑战，推动党和国家事业取得新的重大成就，第二个百年奋斗目标新征程实现良好开局。经济总量实现新跃升，国内生产总值连续跨越110万亿元、120万亿元、130万亿元、140万亿元台阶，年均增长5.4%、明显高于全球平均增速。科技和产业创新取得新突破，全社会研发经费投入年均增长10%，每万人口高价值发明专利拥有量达到16件，攻克一批重大关键核心技术，制造业增加值规模连续16年保持全球第一，产业链供应链韧性和安全水平稳步提升。改革开放迈出新步伐，重点领域改革扎实推进，全国统一大市场加快构建，高水平对外开放不断扩大，制造业领域外资准入限制措施全部取消，货物贸易第一大国地位更加巩固，高质量共建“一带一路”走深走实。民生福祉达到新水平，居民人均可支配收入年均增长5.4%，城镇新增就业累计超过6000万人，巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接5年过渡期任务圆满完成，脱贫地区农村居民收入增速持续高于全国农村平均水平，基本养老保险全国统筹稳步实施，劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限增加到11.3年，人均预期寿命提高到79.25岁，人民群众文化生活更加丰富多彩。生态文明建设取得新进步，地级及以上城市空气质量优良天数比例提高到89.3%，森林覆盖率提高到25%以上，成为全球森林资源增长最快最多的国家，构建起全球最大、发展最快的可再生能源体系。安全保障能力实现新提升，粮食、能源资源、金融、网络等重点领域安全能力建设明显加强，社会大局保持稳定，牢牢守住了不发生系统性风险底线。经过艰苦奋斗、不懈努力，“十四五”规划《纲要》确定的20项主要指标、17方面重大战略任务、102项重大工程项目胜利完成。

The year 2025 marked the conclusion of the 14th Five-Year Plan. Over the past five years, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has rallied the people of all ethnic groups across the country and led us in responding effectively to the once-in-a-century Covid-19 pandemic and other extraordinary shocks and challenges and in securing major new achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. This has ensured a good beginning for our new journey toward the Second Centenary Goal.

China’s economy reached new heights.China’s GDP crossed successive thresholds, topping 110 trillion yuan, 120 trillion yuan, 130 trillion yuan, and 140 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth of 5.4 percent, well above the global average.

New breakthroughs were achieved in technological and industrial innovation. R&D spending nationwide increased by an annual average of 10 percent, and the number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 people reached 16. We scored critical research progress on a number of major core technologies in key fields. With China’s manufacturing sector leading the world in value added for the past 16 years, our industrial and supply chains have steadily become more resilient and secure.

New strides were made in reform and opening up. We made solid gains in reforms in key areas, sped up the development of a unified national market, and continued to expand high-standard opening up. All access restrictions on foreign investment in manufacturing were lifted. China cemented its position as the world’s largest trader of goods, and deeper and more substantive progress was made in high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.

The people’s wellbeing was elevated to a new level.Per capita disposable income increased at an average annual rate of 5.4 percent, and a total of over 60 million urban jobs were created. We accomplished the tasks of this five-year transition period designated for consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation gains to boost rural revitalization. Growth of rural incomes in areas lifted out of poverty consistently outpaced the national average in rural areas. Solid steps were taken to implement unified national management of basic old-age insurance funds. The average years of schooling among the working-age population rose to 11.3, life expectancy reached 79.25 years, and our people enjoyed richer and more colorful cultural activities.

Fresh progress was achieved in ecological conservation.In cities at and above the prefectural level, the proportion of days with good or excellent air quality rose to 89.3 percent. With our forest coverage rising past 25 percent, China achieved the world’s fastest and largest increase in forest resources. We also created the world’s largest and fastest-growing renewable energy system.

China’s ability to safeguard security improved. Security capacity was bolstered considerably in key spheres, including food, energy and resources, the financial sector, and cyberspace. We maintained overall social stability and ensured that no systemic risks arose.

Thanks to our arduous and unrelenting efforts, we have accomplished all 20 major targets, 17 major strategic tasks, and 102 major projects set out in theOutline of the 14th Five-Year Plan.

这些重大成就的取得，根本在于以习近平同志为核心的党中央领航掌舵，在于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引，是全党全军全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示衷心感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示衷心感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示衷心感谢！

Fundamentally, we owe these remarkable achievements to the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, which has been at the helm charting our course; toXi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, which has provided us with sound guidance; and to the concerted efforts of the whole Party, the entire military, and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups.

On behalf of the State Council, I express our sincere thanks to all our people and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I convey our heartfelt appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and residing overseas. I also extend our sincere appreciation to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends across the world that have shown understanding and support for us in China as we pursue modernization.

在肯定成绩的同时，我们也清醒看到面临的困难和挑战。外部环境变化影响加深，地缘政治风险持续上升，世界经济动能疲弱，多边主义、自由贸易受到严重冲击。国内经济发展和转型中面临的老问题、新挑战仍然不少。新旧动能转换任务艰巨，供强需弱矛盾突出，市场预期偏弱，重点领域风险隐患较多。一些企业经营困难，群众就业和增收难度加大，部分地方财政收支矛盾突出，房地产市场仍在调整。公共服务仍有不少短板弱项。政府工作存在不足，一些政策实施效果仍待提高，一些干部抓高质量发展的能力不足、办法不多，有的政绩观存在偏差，不作为、乱作为、假作为，搞表面文章，一些领域和地方腐败问题依然多发。困难不容忽视，信心必须坚定。我国经济长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有改变，制度优势和大国优势不断彰显。经历了风雨洗礼，我们的意志更加坚强、步伐更加坚定，只要用足用好优势、妥善应对挑战，我国的发展前景一定更加可期！

While recognizing our achievements, we are also clear-eyed about the difficulties and challenges we face. The evolving external environment is exerting a greater impact on China, and geopolitical risks are rising. Global economic momentum remains sluggish, while multilateralism and free trade are under severe threat.

At home, we still face quite a few problems and challenges, both old and new, in economic development and transformation. The task of transitioning to new growth drivers is formidable, the imbalance between strong supply and weak demand is acute, market expectations are weak, and there are many risks and hidden dangers in key areas. Some enterprises are facing difficulties in their operations, and it is more challenging for people to secure employment and earn more. Some local governments are burdened by severe budgetary imbalances, and the real estate market remains in a period of adjustment. There are still many weak links in public services.

There is also room for improvement in the work of the government. Some policies, upon implementation, have not delivered as expected. Some officials lack the ability and solutions needed to drive high-quality development. Some officials have a misguided understanding of what it means to perform well; they lack drive, act arbitrarily, work for show, or just go through the motions in their work. Corruption still occurs frequently in some sectors and localities.

While these difficulties are not to be ignored, we still have every reason to be firmly confident. The conditions underpinning China’s long-term growth and its underlying trend remain unchanged. More and more, China is demonstrating the strengths of its system and the strengths it has as a big country. Having been tested by storms and met tough challenges, we are more determined than ever to forge ahead. As long as we fully tap our strengths and respond to challenges in the right way, we will surely open up even more promising prospects for China’s development.

二、“十五五”时期主要目标和重大任务

II. Main Objectives and Major Tasks for the15th Five-Year Plan Period

根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》，国务院编制了《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划纲要（草案）》，提交大会审查。这里就主要目标指标、重大战略任务、重大工程项目作简要报告。

In accordance with theRecommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, the State Council has drafted the Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China (2026–2030), which has been submitted to this session for your review. I will now brief you on the indicators for the main objectives, major strategic tasks, and major projects of the Plan.

（一）关于主要目标指标

1. Indicators for the main objectives

贯彻落实党中央《建议》明确的主要目标，《纲要（草案）》细化提出20项主要指标。经济发展方面，围绕增长、结构、效率提出3项指标。其中，综合考虑国内外形势和各方面因素，兼顾需要与可能，提出国内生产总值增长保持在合理区间、各年度视情提出，为到2035年人均国内生产总值比2020年翻一番、达到中等发达国家水平打好基础。创新驱动方面，围绕创新投入及其成效提出3项指标。其中，充分考虑研发投入增长趋势和企业投入能力，提出全社会研发经费投入年均增长7%以上，与“十四五”规划目标保持一致，确保研发投入力度不减。民生福祉方面，为更好解决人民群众急难愁盼问题，针对性提出就业、收入、教育、医疗、健康、“一老一小”等7项指标。绿色低碳方面，围绕降碳减污、生态环保等提出5项指标。其中，根据国家自主贡献目标，提出单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放累计降低17%，继续推动重点领域绿色低碳转型。安全保障方面，围绕粮食、能源生产能力提出2项指标，着力夯实国家安全重要基础保障。

To accomplish the main objectives laid out in the Party Central Committee’sRecommendations, the draft Outline has specified 20 main indicators covering several areas.

In the area of economic development, three indicators are proposed concerning growth, structure, and efficiency. In consideration of evolving developments both at home and abroad and other relevant factors, and taking into account both what is needed and what is possible, it is proposed that GDP should keep growing within an appropriate range, with annual growth rates to be determined in light of actual conditions. This will lay a solid foundation for achieving the goal of doubling China’s 2020 per capita GDP by 2035 to reach the level of a moderately developed country.

In the area of innovation,three indicators are proposed concerning investment and outcomes. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the R&D spending growth trajectory and enterprise investment capacity, the draft Outline projects an annual average increase of at least 7 percent in nationwide R&D spending, the same as the target in the 14th Five-Year Plan. This will ensure that R&D spending continues to grow at a steady pace.

In the area of public wellbeing,seven indicators are proposed, covering employment, income, education, medical care, health, elderly care, and childcare, with the aim of better addressing pressing difficulties and problems that concern people most.

In the area of green and low-carbon development,five indicators are put forward, covering reductions in carbon emissions and pollution as well as ecological conservation and environmental protection. In accordance with China’s Nationally Determined Contributions, the draft Outline envisages a total reduction of 17 percent in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP to promote the green and low-carbon transition across key sectors.

In the area of security,two indicators related to food and energy production capacity are proposed, with a view to further solidifying the foundations underpinning China’s national security.

（二）关于重大战略任务

2. Major strategic tasks

《纲要（草案）》分领域阐述了“十五五”发展的重大战略任务，突出体现四个方面。

The draftOutline sets out the major strategic tasks for the 15th Five-Year Plan period, placing particular emphasis on the following four areas.

一是突出推动高质量发展。发展新质生产力是高质量发展的内在要求。《纲要（草案）》强调科技创新的引领作用，着眼巩固壮大实体经济根基，构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体系。着眼高水平科技自立自强，加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关，深入推进数字中国建设，数字经济核心产业增加值占国内生产总值比重达到12.5%。着眼建设美丽中国，持续深入推进污染防治攻坚和生态系统优化，加快形成绿色生产生活方式，确保碳达峰目标如期实现。

1) Pursuing high-quality development

New quality productive forces are integral to high-quality development. This is why the draftOutline underscores the leading role of scientific and technological innovation. To firm up the foundations of the real economy, we must modernize the industrial system with advanced manufacturing as its backbone. To achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology, we must deliver advances in original innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields and achieve further progress in advancing the Digital China Initiative. In this regard, the draft Outline proposes raising the value added of core digital economy industries to 12.5 percent of GDP. To advance the Beautiful China Initiative, we must continue the critical battle against pollution along with our drive to upgrade ecosystems, accelerate the shift to eco-friendly production practices and lifestyles, and ensure that the goal of peaking carbon emissions before 2030 is accomplished as planned.

二是突出做强国内大循环。在外部环境复杂严峻的情况下，必须坚持扩大内需这个战略基点。《纲要（草案）》着眼增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性，坚持惠民生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人紧密结合，大力提振消费，促进居民消费率明显提高，扩大有效投资。着眼充分释放我国超大规模市场红利，纵深推进全国统一大市场建设，破除地方保护和市场分割。着眼增强高质量发展动力，充分激发各类经营主体活力，加快完善要素市场化配置体制机制。着眼畅通国内国际双循环，统筹用好全球要素和市场资源。

2) Strengthening the domestic economy

Facing a complex and challenging international environment, we must remain committed to the strategy of expanding domestic demand. To enhance the internal momentum of the domestic economy and ensure its reliable performance, the draftOutline highlights the need to improve living standards and increase consumer spending and the need to invest in both physical assets and people, so as to boost consumption, realize a notable increase in household consumption as a share of GDP, and expand effective investment. To fully leverage the strengths of our enormous market, we must further develop a unified national market and eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation. To generate greater momentum for high-quality development, we must energize all market entities and move faster to improve the institutions and mechanisms for market-based allocation of production factors. To promote unimpeded domestic and international economic flows, we must better coordinate the use of global production factors and market resources.

三是突出推进全体人民共同富裕。中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。《纲要（草案）》着眼建设生育友好型社会，健全人口服务体系；办好人民满意的教育，劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限提高到11.7年；加快建设健康中国和体育强国，人均预期寿命提高到80岁；积极应对人口老龄化，养老机构护理型床位占比提高到73%；促进高质量充分就业，完善收入分配制度，健全社会保障体系。着眼缩小区域差距和城乡差别，加快农业农村现代化，持续巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，优化重大生产力布局，深入推进以人为本的新型城镇化。着眼促进人民精神生活共同富裕，弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值观，大力繁荣文化事业，加快发展文化产业，提升中华文明传播力影响力。

3) Advancing common prosperity for all

Chinese modernization is characterized by common prosperity for all. The draft Outline proposes the following tasks: building a childbirth-friendly society and improving population services; developing education that meets the people’s expectations and raising the average years of schooling among the working-age population to 11.7; moving faster to both advance the Healthy China Initiative and build a country strong in sports and raising life expectancy to 80 years; proactively responding to population aging and increasing the share of nursing beds in elderly care facilities to 73 percent; and promoting high-quality full employment, improving the income distribution system, and refining the social security system.

To narrow disparities between urban and rural areas and between regions, we must accelerate the pace of agricultural and rural modernization, continue to consolidate and expand our poverty alleviation gains, improve the distribution of major productive forces, and promote people-centered new urbanization. To ensure a rich cultural life for all, we must promote and practice the core socialist values, boost cultural programs, accelerate the development of cultural industries, and extend the reach and appeal of Chinese civilization.

四是突出统筹发展和安全。安全是发展的前提，发展是安全的保障。《纲要（草案）》贯彻总体国家安全观，着眼推进国家安全体系和能力现代化提出多项任务举措。增强粮食、能源资源等供给保障能力，粮食综合生产能力达到1.45万亿斤左右，能源综合生产能力达到58亿吨标准煤。统筹推进房地产、地方政府债务、地方中小金融机构等风险有序化解。提高公共安全治理水平，有效维护社会安全稳定。

4) Ensuring both development and security

Security is a prerequisite for development, and development provides a guarantee for security. Guided by a holistic approach to national security, the draftOutline proposes various tasks and measures to modernize China’s national security system and capacity. It highlights the need to improve supply capacity for food, energy, and resources, and envisages increases in overall grain production capacity to 725 million metric tons and in overall energy production capacity to the equivalent of 5.8 billion metric tons of standard coal. It emphasizes the need for coordinated, well-sequenced steps to address risks arising from real estate, local government debt, small and medium local financial institutions, and other areas. It also calls for enhancing public safety governance to effectively safeguard social security and stability.

（三）关于重大工程项目

3. Major projects

围绕推动“十五五”目标任务落实落地，统筹考虑战略性、牵引性和连续性，《纲要（草案）》提出6方面109项重大工程。引领新质生产力发展方面，围绕产业基础能力和竞争力提升、新产业新赛道培育发展、前沿科技攻关、创新基础能力提升提出28项工程。构建现代化基础设施体系方面，围绕国家综合立体交通网、新型能源体系、新型基础设施、对外开放平台等提出23项工程。促进城乡融合发展方面，围绕新型城镇化建设、农业农村现代化建设提出9项工程。保障和改善民生方面，围绕社会主义文化繁荣发展、高质量教育体系建设、健康中国建设、优化“一老一小”服务、社会关爱服务提出25项工程。推动绿色低碳转型方面，围绕碳达峰碳中和、环境质量提升、生态保护修复提出18项工程。重点领域安全保障方面，围绕粮食、能源安全等提出6项工程。这些重大工程兼顾当前和长远，既涉及“硬投资”也包含“软建设”。我们将注重以政府投资带动社会力量参与，更好发挥重大工程项目强基础、补短板、增后劲等重要作用。

To ensure effective implementation of the objectives and tasks of the15^th Five-Year Plan, the draft Outline proposes a total of 109 major projects in six areas, based on a full consideration of their strategic value, guiding role, and continuity.

To steer the development of new quality productive forces,28 projects are focused on enhancing China’s foundational industrial capacity and industrial competitiveness, developing new industries and new arenas of growth, making breakthroughs in frontier science and technology, and bolstering foundational innovation capacity.

To modernize the infrastructure system,23 projects target the development of a national comprehensive and multidimensional transportation network, a new type of energy system, new types of infrastructure, and platforms for opening up.

To promote integrated urban-rural development, 9 projects are focused on new urbanization and agricultural and rural modernization.

To ensure and improve public wellbeing, 25 projects are designed to foster a thriving socialist culture, build a high-quality education system, advance the Healthy China Initiative, and upgrade elderly care, childcare, and social care services.

To promote the green and low-carbon transition,18 projects are proposed with the aim of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, improving the environment, and promoting ecological conservation and restoration.

To ensure security in key areas, 6 projects are centered on food and energy security.

These major projects are of critical importance to China’s current and long-term development, and they involve both physical investment and institutional building. We will better leverage government investment to encourage the participation of nongovernmental actors and give full play to the vital role of these projects in reinforcing foundations, shoring up weak links, and sustaining growth momentum.

展望未来，我们充满信心。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国上下团结奋斗，一定能够把“十五五”宏伟蓝图变成美好现实。

Looking ahead, we are fully confident about the future. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with the concerted efforts of all of us across the country, we will surely turn the inspiring blueprint of the15th Five-Year Plan into a living reality.

三、2026年经济社会发展总体要求和政策取向

III. Overall Requirements and Policy Orientations for Economic and Social Development in 2026

今年是“十五五”开局之年。做好政府工作，要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，认真落实党的二十届四中全会和中央经济工作会议部署，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，着力推动高质量发展，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，统筹国内国际两个大局，更好统筹发展和安全，实施更加积极有为的宏观政策，增强政策前瞻性针对性协同性，持续扩大内需、优化供给，做优增量、盘活存量，因地制宜发展新质生产力，纵深推进全国统一大市场建设，持续防范化解重点领域风险，着力稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期，推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长，保持社会和谐稳定，实现“十五五”良好开局。

This year is the first year of the15th Five-Year Plan period. To deliver in our work, we in government must, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, do the following:

follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

fully implement the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th Party Central Committee

act on the guidelines of the fourth plenary session of the 20th Party Central Committee and last year’s Central Economic Work Conference

fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, move faster to foster a new pattern of development, and promote high-quality development

adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability

keep in mind both domestic and international imperatives

better ensure both development and security

implement more proactive and effective macro policies

make our policies more forward-looking, targeted, and coordinated

further boost domestic demand and improve supply

optimize the allocation of new resources while making the best use of existing ones

develop new quality productive forces in light of local conditions

advance the development of a unified national market

continue to prevent and defuse risks in key areas

provide greater support to keep employment, enterprise operations, markets, and expectations stable

promote higher-quality economic growth while achieving an appropriate increase in economic output

maintain social harmony and stability

All this will ensure that we get off to a good start in the15th Five-Year Plan period.

今年发展主要预期目标是：经济增长4.5%—5%，在实际工作中努力争取更好结果；城镇调查失业率5.5%左右，城镇新增就业1200万人以上；居民消费价格涨幅2%左右；居民收入增长和经济增长同步；国际收支基本平衡；粮食产量1.4万亿斤左右；单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放降低3.8%左右。

The main targets for development this year are as follows:

GDP growth of 4.5-5 percent, while striving for better in practice

surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent

over 12 million new urban jobs

CPI increase of around 2 percent

personal income growth in step with economic growth

a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments

grain output of around 700 million metric tons

a reduction of around 3.8 percent in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP

提出这些预期目标，主要考虑是开局之年为调结构、防风险、促改革留出空间，为后期更好发展打牢基础。经济增长目标同2035年远景目标总体衔接，与我国经济长期增长潜力基本吻合，实现这个目标具备有利条件，各地区要结合实际，通过扎实工作争取好的结果。城镇调查失业率5.5%左右，体现了在就业总量和结构性压力较大的情况下，坚持就业优先政策导向和加大稳就业力度的要求。居民消费价格涨幅2%左右，考虑了预期引导和现实可能，我们将通过改善总供求关系，推动价格总水平由负转正、消费价格合理温和回升，促进经济良性循环。单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放降低3.8%左右，综合考虑了经济社会发展、绿色低碳转型和国家能源安全等多种需要，有利于有序实现2030年前碳达峰目标。

In proposing these targets, we have considered the need to leave some room for structural adjustments, risk prevention, and reform in the opening year of this five-year plan period, so as to lay a solid foundation for delivering better performance in the coming years. The GDP growth target is well aligned with our long-range objectives through the year 2035 and broadly in line with the long-term growth potential of China’s economy. As favorable conditions for achieving this target are in place, all local governments should, in light of local realities, make solid efforts to deliver good outcomes.

We have set the surveyed urban unemployment rate at around 5.5 percent in view of China’s overall employment levels and pronounced structural pressures; this requires us to adhere to the employment-first policy and strengthen support for employment stability.

A projected CPI increase of approximately 2 percent is feasible and will help guide expectations. By better balancing total supply and demand, we will steer general price levels back into positive territory and produce a reasonable, modest rebound in consumer prices to facilitate a virtuous cycle in the economy.

A reduction in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP of around 3.8 percent is projected to meet multiple needs, including those for economic and social development, green and low-carbon transition, and national energy security. Such a drop will enable us to move step by step toward the goal of peaking carbon emissions before 2030.

在政策取向上，我们将坚持稳中求进、提质增效，发挥存量政策和增量政策集成效应，加大逆周期和跨周期调节力度，切实提升宏观经济治理效能。

In our policy orientations, we will continue to pursue progress while ensuring stability, improve both the quality and performance of growth, boost synergy between adopted policies and new ones, enhance counter- and cross-cyclical adjustments, and make macroeconomic governance more effective.

继续实施更加积极的财政政策。今年赤字率拟按4%左右安排，赤字规模5.89万亿元、比上年增加2300亿元。一般公共预算支出规模将首次达到30万亿元、比上年增加约1.27万亿元。拟发行超长期特别国债1.3万亿元，持续支持“两重”建设、“两新”工作等。拟发行特别国债3000亿元，支持国有大型商业银行补充资本。拟安排地方政府专项债券4.4万亿元，完善专项债券项目负面清单管理和自审自发试点，重点支持建设重大项目、置换隐性债务、消化政府拖欠账款等。今年财政支出继续保持相当规模，要持续用力优化支出结构，更加注重支持提振消费、投资于人、保障民生等方面，提高财政资金使用效益。中央财政增加对地方财力性转移支付规模，开展整合统筹使用转移支付资金试点，增强地方自主财力和统筹能力。压实分级保障主体责任，兜牢基层“三保”底线。各级政府要更好“当家理财”，建立健全增收节支机制，积极盘活利用存量资源资产，严肃财经纪律，强化预算约束，严控一般性支出，坚决落实过紧日子的要求，务必把省下来的每一分钱都用到发展的关键点、群众的急需处。

We will continue to implement a more proactive fiscal policy.

The deficit-to-GDP ratio for this year is set at around 4 percent. The government deficit is set at 5.89 trillion yuan, 230 billion yuan more than last year. Expenditure in the general public budget is projected to reach 30 trillion yuan for the first time, an increase of about 1.27 trillion yuan over last year. A total of 1.3 trillion yuan of ultra-long special treasury bonds will be issued to provide continued support for endeavors such as implementing major national strategies, enhancing security capacity in key areas, and carrying out large-scale equipment upgrades and consumer goods trade-in programs. A total of 300 billion yuan of special treasury bonds will be issued to enable large state-owned commercial banks to replenish their capital.

This year, 4.4 trillion yuan of local government special-purpose bonds will be issued. We will improve negative list-based management of projects funded by these bonds and fine-tune trials to enable the prompt issuance of special-purpose bonds upon provincial-level review and approval. The funds raised will be used mainly to support major projects, replace hidden debts, and settle overdue payments owed by governments.

Government spending this year will continue to be fairly large in scale. More will be done to optimize its structure so that fiscal funds are used more cost-effectively, with priority given to boosting consumption, investing in people, and raising living standards.

The central government will increase its fiscal transfer payments to local governments. Trials will be conducted to promote more integrated and coordinated use of transfer payments. This will place more fiscal resources at the disposal of local governments and enhance their capacity for coordination. We will see to it that governments at all levels fulfill their respective responsibilities and that, at the primary level, basic living needs are met, salaries are paid, and governments function normally.

We in government at every level should take better care of financial resources, establish sound mechanisms for increasing revenue and reducing spending, and make the best use of existing resources and assets. We must reinforce financial and economic discipline, strengthen budget constraints, strictly control general expenditures, and keep our belts tightened. Every cent we save must be spent on solving critical development problems and meeting people’s urgent needs.

继续实施适度宽松的货币政策。把促进经济稳定增长、物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考量，灵活高效运用降准降息等多种政策工具，保持流动性充裕，使社会融资规模、货币供应量增长同经济增长、价格总水平预期目标相匹配。优化创新结构性货币政策工具，适当增加规模，完善实施方式。畅通货币政策传导机制，充分发挥数据要素、知识产权等无形资产作用，强化考核评估、融资担保、风险补偿等支持措施，引导金融机构加力支持扩大内需、科技创新、中小微企业等重点领域。规范信贷市场经营行为，降低融资中间费用，促进社会综合融资成本低位运行。保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。

We will continue to apply an appropriately accommodative monetary policy.

Promoting steady economic growth and an appropriate rebound in prices are key considerations underpinning our monetary policy. We will flexibly and effectively employ a range of policy instruments, including cuts to required reserve ratios and interest rates, and maintain adequate liquidity to ensure that aggregate financing and money supply rise in step with projected economic growth and CPI levels.

We will develop new and better structural monetary policy instruments, scale them up as needed, and refine the ways they are used. We will smooth out the channels for monetary policy transmission and leverage the role of intangible assets such as data as a production factor and intellectual property rights. We will adopt more supportive measures, including those for assessment, financing guarantee, and risk compensation to guide financial institutions in boosting support for key priorities such as domestic demand expansion, scientific and technological innovation, and micro, small, and medium enterprises.

We will effectively regulate business activities in the credit market and lower intermediary financing charges to bring down overall financing costs. The RMB exchange rate will be kept generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.

强化改革举措与宏观政策协同。推动高质量发展，既要政策给力，也要改革发力。要用改革的办法打通经济循环的卡点堵点，将政策效果转化为经济内生增长动能。增强宏观政策取向一致性和有效性，将各类经济政策和非经济政策、存量政策和增量政策纳入宏观政策取向一致性评估，使各类政策措施同向发力、形成合力。加强财政、金融、就业、产业等政策协同，深入挖掘政策结合点，创新实施工具，持续放大“组合拳”效应。健全预期管理机制，提振社会信心。

We will improve coordination between reform measures and macro policies.

High-quality development must be supported by both effective policies and robust reform measures. Bottlenecks and obstacles impeding economic flows should be cleared away through reform, and policies should help generate internal growth momentum.

We will enhance the consistency of our macro policy orientation and make such policies more effective. All policies, whether economic in nature or not, whether already in place or newly introduced, will be included in evaluations to see that they are consistent with the macro policy orientation. This will ensure that all policies are well aligned and produce synergy. We will boost coordination between fiscal, financial, employment, industrial, and other policies, explore policy alignment opportunities, and develop new implementation tools, so as to deliver the best outcomes possible.

We will refine the mechanisms for managing expectations to bolster public confidence.

四、2026年政府工作任务

IV. Major Tasks for 2026

党中央对今年工作作出了全面部署，我们要深入贯彻落实，扎实做好各项工作。

We must fully implement the Party Central Committee’s overall plans for this year and take solid steps to do all our work well.

（一）着力建设强大国内市场。坚持内需主导，统筹促消费和扩投资，拓展内需增长新空间，更好发挥我国超大规模市场优势。

1. Building a robust domestic market

Taking the expansion of domestic demand as our priority, we should make coordinated efforts to boost consumption and expand investment, tap into every potential for growth in domestic demand, and better leverage the strengths of our enormous market.

深入实施提振消费专项行动。激发居民消费内生动力和促消费政策并举，推动消费持续增长。制定实施城乡居民增收计划，在促进低收入群体增收、增加居民财产性收入、完善薪酬和社保制度等方面推出一批务实举措。促进商品消费扩容升级，安排超长期特别国债2500亿元支持消费品以旧换新，优化政策实施机制。设立1000亿元财政金融协同促内需专项资金，组合运用贷款贴息、融资担保、风险补偿等方式，支持扩大内需。扩大个人消费贷款和服务业经营主体贷款贴息政策支持领域，提高贴息上限，延长实施期限。实施好一次性信用修复政策。实施服务消费提质惠民行动，打造一批带动面广、显示度高的消费新场景，加快培育消费新增长点。活跃线下消费，激发下沉市场消费活力。清理消费领域不合理限制措施，释放文旅、赛事、康养等领域消费潜力。支持有条件的地方推广中小学春秋假，落实职工带薪错峰休假制度。加强消费者权益保护。优化入境消费环境，打造“购在中国”品牌。

We will continue to advance special initiatives to boost consumption.

We will adopt measures to stimulate the internal drive for household spending as well as polices to boost consumption, so as to propel further consumption growth. We will formulate and implement an income growth plan for urban and rural residents and roll out a range of practical measures to boost the earnings of low-income groups, increase property income, and refine the remuneration and social security systems.

To promote the expansion and upgrading of goods consumption, 250 billion yuan in ultra-long special treasury bonds will be earmarked for consumer goods trade-in programs, and refinements will be made to the implementation mechanisms for relevant policies. A special fiscal-financial coordination fund of 100 billion yuan will be created to facilitate domestic demand expansion through combined measures such as loan interest subsidies, financing guarantee, and risk compensation.

We will broaden the coverage of loan interest subsidies for personal consumers and service entities, while also raising ceilings and extending terms. The one-time credit repair scheme will be put into good effect. We will implement initiatives to upgrade services to the benefit of consumers, develop a number of new, high-profile consumption scenarios with broad appeal, and move faster to nurture new areas of consumption growth.

We will energize consumption off-line and in lower-tier markets. We will abolish all excessive restrictions on consumption and unlock spending potential in areas such as culture, tourism, sports events, and healthcare. Spring and autumn holidays will be introduced for primary and secondary school students in localities where conditions permit, and the system of staggered paid leave will be implemented. Consumer rights and interests will be better protected, and we will improve the consumption environment for inbound tourists to make China a favored shopping destination.

充分挖掘释放有效投资潜力。聚焦新质生产力、新型城镇化、人的全面发展等重点领域，增强市场主导的有效投资增长动力，提高民生类政府投资比重。今年拟安排中央预算内投资7550亿元，安排8000亿元超长期特别国债资金用于“两重”建设，分类提高中央投资补助标准。单列并提高用于项目建设的地方政府专项债券额度，继续向投资项目准备充分、资金用得好的地方倾斜。发行新型政策性金融工具8000亿元，带动更多社会资本参与投资。统筹用好各类政府投资资金，支持工作基础较好的地方探索编制全口径政府投资计划，加强项目资金监管，坚决防止低效无效投资。落实促进民间投资的政策措施，完善民营企业参与重大项目建设长效机制，引导民间投资向高技术、现代服务业等新赛道拓展，有效激发民间投资活力。

We will fully tap and unleash the potential of effective investment.

We will focus on key areas such as new quality productive forces, new urbanization, and well-rounded personal development, boost the growth momentum of market-driven effective investment, and increase the share of government investment in public wellbeing initiatives. A total of 755 billion yuan will be earmarked in this year’s central government budget for investment. We will also allocate 800 billion yuan raised from ultra-long special treasury bonds to implement major national strategies and enhance security capacity in key areas. Central government subsidies for investment will be raised on a per-category basis.

Quotas for local government special-purpose bonds earmarked for projects will be raised and placed under separate management. We will continue to allocate more quotas to localities where investment projects are well prepared and funds are used effectively.

We will issue new types of policy-backed financial instruments with a total value of 800 billion yuan to stimulate greater private sector investment. We will see that all types of government investment funds are used in a well-coordinated way, support localities with their initial groundwork in place in exploring the formulation of overall government investment plans, and step up oversight over project funds to curb inefficient and ineffective investment.

To invigorate private investment, we will implement relevant promotion policies and measures. We will refine the long-term mechanisms for facilitating the participation of private enterprises in major projects and encourage private investment in new arenas such as high technology and modern services.

（二）加紧培育壮大新动能。坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，因地制宜发展新质生产力，建设现代化产业体系。

2. Fostering new growth drivers at a faster pace

We should stay focused on the real economy, develop new quality productive forces in light of local conditions, and modernize the industrial system.

优化提升传统产业。持续推进重点产业提质升级，新部署一批重大技术改造升级项目，安排2000亿元超长期特别国债资金支持大规模设备更新。实施新一轮制造业重点产业链高质量发展行动，强化产业基础再造和重大技术装备攻关，打造一批国家先进制造业集群。推行普惠性“上云用数赋智”服务，持续加大对中小企业数智化转型的支持。拓展智能制造，新建设一批智能工厂和智慧供应链。发展智能建造，培育现代化建筑产业链。加快推进标准升级，强化质量监督和品牌建设，支持企业提供更加优质、更具特色的产品。

We will upgrade traditional industries.

We will keep working to upgrade key industries. New projects for major technology transformation and upgrading will be planned, and 200 billion yuan raised from ultra-long special treasury bonds will be used to support large-scale equipment upgrades. We will launch a new round of initiatives to drive high-quality development in key manufacturing chains and step up industrial foundation reengineering and major technology and equipment research. These efforts will help us build a group of national advanced manufacturing clusters.

We will promote inclusive services powered by the Cloudification, Big Data, and AI Initiative, and ramp up support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) undergoing digital and intelligent transformation. A number of smart factories and intelligent supply chains will be built to enhance smart manufacturing, and construction industrial chains will be modernized to develop smart construction. We will work faster to upgrade standards, enhance quality oversight, and promote brand building to support enterprises in producing more distinctive products of better quality.

培育壮大新兴产业和未来产业。实施产业创新工程，鼓励央企国企带头开放应用场景，打造集成电路、航空航天、生物医药、低空经济等新兴支柱产业。建立未来产业投入增长和风险分担机制，培育发展未来能源、量子科技、具身智能、脑机接口、6G等未来产业。构建促进专精特新中小企业发展壮大机制，培育独角兽企业。高效用好国家创业投资引导基金，大力发展创业投资、天使投资，政府投资基金要带头做耐心资本，推动更多初创企业加快成长为科技领军企业。

We will nurture emerging industries and industries of the future.

We will launch industrial innovation projects, encourage central government enterprises and other SOEs to take the lead in making application scenarios more accessible, and foster emerging pillar industries such as integrated circuits, aviation and aerospace, biomedicine, and the low-altitude economy. To nurture industries of the future such as future energy, quantum technology, embodied AI, brain-computer interfaces, and 6G technology, mechanisms will be put in place to increase funding and share risks in these fields.

We will roll out mechanisms to help grow SMEs that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products, and also nurture unicorn companies. We will make full use of the National Venture Capital Guide Fund and redouble efforts to develop angel investment and venture capital investment. Government investment funds should play an exemplary role as patient capital and help more startups grow into leading technology enterprises more quickly.

扩能提质服务业。深化先进制造业和现代服务业融合发展试点。壮大科技服务市场，促进软件服务价值提升。发展金融、现代物流、知识产权、检验检测等生产性服务业。促进生活性服务业高品质、多样化、便利化发展。有序放宽服务业准入限制，扩大重点领域服务业投资。健全服务业国家标准，培育“中国服务”品牌。

We will enhance the capacity and quality of the service sector.

We will press ahead with trials to promote integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modern services. We will expand the market for science and technology services, boost the value of software services, and promote the development of producer services such as financial services, modern logistics, intellectual property services, and inspection and testing. We will also work to boost the quality, diversity, and accessibility of consumer services. Market access restrictions in the service sector will be eased in a well-ordered way to facilitate greater investment in priority areas. We will improve national standards for the service sector and cultivate the “China Services” brand.

打造智能经济新形态。深化拓展“人工智能＋”，促进新一代智能终端和智能体加快推广，推动重点行业领域人工智能商业化规模化应用，培育智能原生新业态新模式。支持人工智能开源社区建设，促进开源生态繁荣。实施超大规模智算集群、算电协同等新基建工程，加强全国一体化算力监测调度，支持公共云发展。加快发展卫星互联网。打造“5G＋工业互联网”升级版。深化数据资源开发利用，健全数据要素基础制度，建设高质量数据集。完善人工智能治理。

We will create new forms of smart economy.

We will advance and expand the AI Plus Initiative. We will promote faster application of new-generation intelligent terminals and AI agents and encourage large-scale commercial application of AI in key sectors and fields, so as to foster new forms and models of AI-native business. We will support the development of open-source AI communities and build a vibrant open-source ecosystem.

We will launch new infrastructure projects on hyper-scale intelligent computing clusters and coordinated development of computing capacity and electricity supply. We will step up integrated monitoring and distribution of computing capacity across the country and support the development of public cloud services. The development of satellite internet will be expedited, and an upgraded5G Plus Industrial Internet Initiative will be introduced. We will extensively develop and utilize data resources, refine the foundational systems for data as a production factor, and build high-quality datasets. Steps will be taken to improve AI governance.

（三）加快高水平科技自立自强。抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革历史机遇，全面增强自主创新能力，为高质量发展提供科技支撑。

3. Moving faster to achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology

We should seize the historic opportunities emerging from the latest round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to raise our innovation capacity across the board and provide the scientific and technological underpinning needed for high-quality development.

加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关。发挥新型举国体制优势，全链条推进关键核心技术攻关，组织实施好重大科技项目，强化战略前沿领域布局，产出更多原创性成果。继续提高基础研究投入比重，加大长期稳定支持。统筹国家战略科技力量建设，深化科研院所改革，加强国家实验室和重大科技任务、重大科技基础设施统筹部署，全面强化科技基础条件自主保障。加强科学技术普及。弘扬科学家精神，深化科技评价体系改革，优化有利于原创性、颠覆性创新的环境。

We will drive advances in original innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields.

We will tap the strengths of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to make breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields across entire chains. We will carry out major science and technology projects and strengthen planning for strategic and frontier sectors to bring about more original advances. We will further increase the share of R&D spending on basic research and ensure that this field receives more long-term and stable support.

We will build China’s strength in strategic science and technology in a coordinated way. We will deepen reform of research institutes and ensure that planning for the development of national laboratories is well coordinated with that of major science and technology programs and infrastructure. These moves will strengthen our self-sufficiency in scientific and technological infrastructure across the board. We will promote scientific and technological literacy among the public. We will also nurture dedication to science, deepen reform of the science and technology evaluation system, and foster an enabling environment for original and disruptive innovation.

推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合。建设北京（京津冀）、上海（长三角）、粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心，打造世界级科技创新策源地。强化企业创新主体地位，支持科技领军企业牵头组建创新联合体，提高承担国家重大科技项目比例。加强中试验证平台建设，完善新兴领域知识产权保护制度，加快重大科技成果高效转化应用。加强科技创新全链条全生命周期金融服务，对关键核心技术领域的科技型企业，常态化实施上市融资、并购重组“绿色通道”机制，以科技金融支持创新创造。

We will pursue full integration between technological and industrial innovation.

We will develop Beijing (the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region), Shanghai (the Yangtze River Delta), and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into international centers for scientific and technological innovation and turn them into world-class innovation engines. The principal role of enterprises in innovation will be reinforced. We will back leading high-tech enterprises in spearheading the creation of innovation consortia and undertaking more major national science and technology projects.

We will further develop pilot-scale testing platforms, improve intellectual property protection systems in emerging fields, and see that major technological advances are applied with greater speed and efficiency. We will improve full life-cycle, whole-of-chain financial services for scientific and technological innovation and establish routine fast-track channels for public listing, merger, acquisition, and restructuring for sci-tech enterprises developing core technologies in key fields. Such moves will ensure that technology finance truly supports innovation and invention.

一体推进教育科技人才发展。建立健全一体推进的协调机制，强化规划衔接、政策协同、资源统筹、评价联动。完善人才培养与经济社会发展需要适配机制，分类推进高校改革，动态调整学科专业，启动新一轮“双一流”建设，建设国家交叉学科中心，加大拔尖创新人才自主培养力度。加快建设国家战略人才力量，加强一流科技领军人才和青年人才引育，推进卓越工程师、大国工匠、高技能人才培养。高标准推进人才高地和人才平台建设，促进人才区域协调发展。深化人才发展体制机制改革，完善以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为导向的评价体系，畅通人才交流通道，促进各类人才竞相成长、各展其能。

We will promote integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent.

We will institute sound, integrated mechanisms on this front to boost coordination across development plans, policies, resources, and evaluations. We will improve mechanisms for ensuring that talent training programs are geared to economic and social development needs, advance reforms of higher education institutions on a categorized basis, and adjust academic disciplines and majors as needed. We will launch a new round of initiatives to develop world-class universities and academic disciplines, build national centers for interdisciplinary studies, and do more to cultivate top-tier homegrown innovators.

We will move faster to foster professionals with expertise of strategic importance to our country, step up efforts to attract and cultivate first-rate scientists and young talent, and advance initiatives to train outstanding engineers, master craftspeople, and highly-skilled workers. We will promote high-standard development of talent hubs and platforms and ensure that human resources better meet regional development needs. We will also further institutional reforms designed to promote talent development, put in place a sound assessment system that is based on innovation-related capability, performance, outcomes, and contributions, and create smooth channels for talent flows. Through these efforts, we will see that all types of talent thrive and excel.

（四）持续深化重点领域改革。围绕构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，强化改革攻坚，深入破除体制机制障碍，增强高质量发展动力活力。

4. Continuing to deepen reform in key areas

As we strive to develop a high-standard socialist market economy, we should deepen critical reforms to remove institutional barriers and inject new impetus and vitality into our endeavors to pursue high-quality development.

纵深推进全国统一大市场建设。制定全国统一大市场建设条例。完善统计、财税、考核等制度，规范地方政府经济促进行为，出台地方政府招商引资鼓励和禁止事项清单，规范税收优惠、财政补贴政策。深化招标投标体制机制改革。加强反垄断、反不正当竞争，强化公平竞争审查刚性约束，综合运用产能调控、标准引领、价格执法、质量监管等手段，深入整治“内卷式”竞争，营造良好市场生态。深化要素市场化配置综合改革试点，将更多符合条件的地区纳入试点范围。稳步推进公用事业和公共服务价格改革。

We will intensify efforts to build a unified national market.

Regulations will be drawn up on developing a unified national market. We will improve the statistical, fiscal, tax, and evaluation systems, regulate the economic promotion activities of local governments, issue lists of do’s and don’ts for local government investment attraction, and better regulate policies on tax breaks and government subsidies. We will advance reform of institutions and mechanisms for public bidding.

We will address monopolies and unfair competition with greater intensity, enhance the binding force of fair competition review, and thoroughly address rat race competition with a full range of approaches, including production regulation, standard-based guidance, pricing law enforcement, and quality supervision, so as to cultivate a sound market environment. We will advance comprehensive reform trials for the market-based allocation of production factors and include more eligible localities in the trials. We will also steadily advance pricing reform for public utilities and public services.

推进财税金融体制改革。加大财政资源和预算统筹力度，提高国有资本收益收取比例。加强财政科学管理，深化零基预算改革，进一步扩大中央部门试点范围。健全地方税体系，拓展地方税源。调整优化消费税征税范围、税率，并推进部分品目征收环节后移。规范金融机构竞争秩序，深入推进地方中小金融机构减量提质。持续深化资本市场投融资综合改革，进一步健全中长期资金入市机制，完善投资者保护制度，拓展私募股权和创投基金退出渠道，提高直接融资、股权融资比重。

We will reform the fiscal, tax, and financial systems.

We will better coordinate fiscal resources and budgets and raise the share of state capital gains that are collected by the central government. To promote sound fiscal management, we will advance zero-based budgeting reforms and expand reform trials in central departments. We will improve local tax systems and expand the sources of tax revenue at the local level. We will optimize the scope and rate of excise tax and move its collection on some items further down the production-to-consumption chain.

We will regulate competition among financial institutions and work to consolidate small and medium local financial institutions and improve their performance. We will deepen comprehensive investment and financing reforms in the capital market, improve market entry mechanisms for medium- and long-term capital, refine investor protection schemes, and broaden exit channels for private equity funds and venture capital funds. The share of direct financing and equity financing will be raised.

充分激发各类经营主体活力。坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”。制定和实施进一步深化国资国企改革方案，推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整。完善民营经济促进法配套法规政策，从法律和制度上保障平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、有效保护合法权益。完善中国特色现代企业制度。大力弘扬企业家精神，促进年轻一代企业家健康成长。推动平台企业和平台内经营者、劳动者共赢发展。分型分类精准帮扶个体工商户发展。下更大力气解决拖欠企业账款问题。持续打造一流营商环境，更好支持企业安心经营、高质量发展。

We will energize all market entities.

We will stay committed to both unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector. We will formulate and implement plans for further deepening SOE and state-capital reform to refine the layout of the state-owned sector and adjust its structure. We will refine supportive regulations and policies for thePrivate Sector Promotion Law to consolidate the legal and institutional basis for ensuring equal access to production factors, a level playing field for market competition, and effective protection of private economic entities’ lawful rights and interests.

We will refine the modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features. We will vigorously promote the entrepreneurial spirit and encourage the healthy growth of a new generation of entrepreneurs. We will work to achieve win-win outcomes for platform companies, third-party merchants, and gig workers. Category-specific and targeted assistance will be provided to self-employed individuals, and a stronger push will be made to make sure that overdue payments owed to enterprises are settled. We will keep working to foster a first-rate business environment and better support enterprises in doing business and pursuing high-quality growth free from undue concern.

（五）进一步扩大高水平对外开放。坚持合作共赢，稳步扩大制度型开放，拓展国际循环，以开放促改革促发展。

5. Expanding high-standard opening up

We should continue to pursue mutually beneficial cooperation, steadily expand opening up at the institutional level, and promote broader international economic flows, so as to advance reform and development through opening up.

积极扩大自主开放。以服务业为重点扩大市场准入和开放领域，进一步扩大增值电信、生物技术、外商独资医院等领域开放试点，有序扩大数字领域开放，压减跨境服务贸易负面清单。建好国家服务业扩大开放综合示范区。推动商签更多区域和双边贸易投资协定，积极推动加入《数字经济伙伴关系协定》和《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》进程。全面深入参与世贸组织改革，维护和发展开放型世界经济。优化自由贸易试验区布局范围、提升创新引领发展能级，扎实推进海南自由贸易港建设。

We will open wider to the outside world.

We will expand market access and open up more areas, particularly in the service sector. We will further expand opening-up trials for value-added telecom services, biotechnology, wholly foreign-owned hospitals, and other fields, take well-ordered steps to expand opening up in the digital sector, and shorten the negative list for cross-border trade in services. We will develop national comprehensive demonstration zones for promoting greater openness in the service sector.

We will advance negotiations to conclude more regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements and move forward with the process of seeking to join theDigital Economy Partnership Agreement and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. We will continue to be fully engaged in the reform of the World Trade Organization and safeguard and develop the open world economy. We will improve the layout and scale of pilot free trade zones to boost their innovation-driven development capacity. We will take solid steps to develop the Hainan Free Trade Port.

推动外贸稳规模优结构。加大信贷、信保支持，扩大人民币跨境使用。引导企业优化全球市场布局，推进贸易投资一体化、内外贸一体化发展。培育壮大贸易发展新动能，推动跨境电商加海外仓模式扩容升级、规范有序发展，加强国际寄递物流体系建设，拓展中间品贸易，发展数字贸易、绿色贸易，提升边境贸易。鼓励支持服务出口。积极扩大进口，推进贸易平衡发展。提高跨境贸易便利化水平。

We will keep the volume of foreign trade stable and refine its mix.

We will step up support for both credit and credit insurance, and expand cross-border use of the RMB. We will guide enterprises in optimizing resource allocation on the global market and work for integrated development of trade and investment and of domestic and foreign trade. New trade drivers will be fostered. We will facilitate the expansion, upgrading, and well-regulated, well-planned growth of the “cross-border e-commerce plus overseas warehouses” model, and promote the development of logistics services for international delivery. We will expand trade in intermediate goods, advance digital trade and green trade, and boost border trade. We will encourage and support service exports, boost imports to promote balanced trade, and further facilitate cross-border trade.

扩大双向投资合作。深化外商投资促进体制机制改革，保障外资企业国民待遇，实施新版鼓励外商投资产业目录，促进外资境内再投资、扩大本地化生产。加强对外资企业的服务保障，擦亮“投资中国”名片。规范提升各类开发区、园区。引导产业链供应链合理有序跨境布局，完善海外综合服务体系，加强对外投资风险防控和海外利益保护。

We will expand two-way investment cooperation.

We will deepen reform of the institutional framework for promoting foreign investment and ensure national treatment for foreign-funded enterprises. A new edition of theCatalog of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment will be implemented, and foreign-funded enterprises will be encouraged to reinvest in China and expand production locally. We will enhance services and support for foreign-funded enterprises to make China a favored destination for foreign investment. Development zones and industrial parks of all types will be better regulated and upgraded. We will guide the overseas distribution of industrial and supply chains in a rational and orderly manner. We will also improve comprehensive overseas services and do more to prevent and control outbound investment risks and protect China’s overseas interests.

高质量共建“一带一路”。加强与共建国家战略对接，做实做细“硬联通”、“软联通”、“心联通”。统筹推进重大标志性工程和“小而美”民生项目建设。提升中欧中亚班列发展水平，加快西部陆海新通道建设。深入推进“智慧海关”合作伙伴计划。拓展新兴领域务实合作，让合作成果更多惠及各国人民。

We will pursue high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.

We will strengthen strategic alignment with Belt and Road partner countries and take solid, well-measured steps to promote stronger infrastructure connectivity, greater connectivity on rules and standards, and closer bonds with the people in these countries. Both major signature projects and “small and beautiful” public wellbeing projects will be launched. Freight train services between China and Europe and between China and other parts of Asia will be improved, and faster progress will be made in developing the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor. The Smart Customs cooperation partnership will be advanced. We will also expand practical cooperation in emerging fields to deliver more benefits to people in countries along the Belt and Road.

（六）扎实推进乡村全面振兴。坚持把“三农”工作作为重中之重，深入学习运用“千万工程”经验，提高强农惠农富农政策效能，进一步夯实农业农村基础、提升发展质效。

6. Advancing all-around rural revitalization

Work related to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents must remain our top priority. We should continue to learn from and apply best practices from Zhejiang’s Green Rural Revival Program to ensure that policies designed to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and boost rural prosperity deliver greater outcomes. This will put our agricultural sector and rural areas on firmer foundations for improving the performance and gains of development.

毫不放松抓好粮食生产。坚持产量产能、生产生态、增产增收一起抓，加力实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动。稳定粮油生产，促进良田良种良机良法集成增效，推动大面积单产提高、品种培优、品质提升。巩固提升大豆油料产能，推动棉糖胶等稳产提质。坚持农林牧渔并举，增加多元食物供给。严守耕地红线，严格占补平衡管理，高质量推进高标准农田建设，加强黑土地保护和盐碱地综合利用。制定促进农业保险发展的措施。提高农业综合防灾减灾能力。深入实施种业振兴行动，加快选育推广突破性品种，推进先进适用农机装备研发应用，打通农业科技推广“最后一公里”。统筹生产、收储等政策，促进粮食等重要农产品价格保持在合理水平，实施粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿，调动主产区和农民种粮积极性。各地区都要扛稳责任，共同端牢中国人的饭碗。

We will keep a firm focus on grain production.

We will place equal emphasis on output and capacity, production and conservation, and output expansion and income growth. On this basis, we will step up efforts in the latest round of initiatives to raise grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons. To keep the output of grain and edible oil stable, we will enhance efficiency through a combination of high-quality land, superior seeds, advanced machinery, and best practices, while also working to boost per-unit yields on large tracts of farmland, foster superior varieties, and improve crop quality.

We will consolidate and enhance production capacity for soybeans and other oilseed crops, and keep the output of cotton, sugar crops, natural rubber, and other agricultural products at stable levels while improving their quality. We will diversify our food supply by advancing crop farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries in tandem. We will keep the total area of China’s farmland above the specified red line, conduct strict management over the offsetting of cultivated land that has been diverted to non-agricultural uses, advance the high-quality development of high-standard cropland, step up protection of black soil, and strengthen comprehensive use of saline and alkaline soils.

Measures will be worked out to develop agricultural insurance, and the comprehensive capacity of the agricultural sector for disaster prevention and mitigation will be enhanced. Initiatives will be advanced to invigorate the seed industry, and faster moves will be taken to identify and cultivate ground-breaking seed varieties and promote their use.

We will promote the R&D and application of appropriate, advanced agricultural machinery and equipment, and see that agricultural technologies reach the fields and farmers. We will implement coordinated policies on production, purchasing, and storage to keep the prices of grain and other major agricultural products at reasonable levels. We will implement the inter-provincial mechanism for major grain-purchasing areas to compensate major grain-producing areas, so as to keep the latter and their farmers motivated. All localities must shoulder their share of responsibility and make concerted efforts to ensure the security of China’s food supply.

实施常态化精准帮扶。持续巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，把常态化帮扶纳入乡村振兴战略统筹实施，守牢不发生规模性返贫致贫底线。保持帮扶政策总体稳定。合理确定防止返贫致贫对象认定标准，做好监测识别，确保早发现、早干预、早帮扶。提高产业、就业等开发式帮扶实效，发挥社会救助兜底保障作用。继续做好易地搬迁后续扶持。完善东西部协作、定点帮扶、驻村帮扶和消费帮扶等。分层分类帮扶欠发达地区，支持乡村振兴重点帮扶县加快发展，增强内生动力。

We will provide regular, targeted assistance.

We will continue to consolidate and expand our poverty alleviation gains and carry out regular assistance programs under the rural revitalization strategy in conjunction with relevant initiatives, so as to guard against any large-scale lapse or relapse into poverty. Assistance polices will generally remain unchanged. We will set appropriate standards for identifying people who are at risk of lapsing or relapsing into poverty and carry out monitoring to ensure early detection, intervention, and assistance.

We will deliver better outcomes in development-based assistance initiatives through boosting local industries and employment and see that social assistance provides a cushion for people most in need. Follow-up support will be given to people relocated from inhospitable areas. We will improve east-west cooperation, targeted support, village-embedded assistance programs, and buy-to-support schemes. Underdeveloped areas will benefit from assistance across multiple levels and categories, and key counties receiving rural revitalization assistance will get necessary support to accelerate development, all with the aim of boosting the internal growth momentum of these areas.

持续推进农村改革发展。全面开展第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年整省试点，发展农业适度规模经营，健全现代农业经营体系和社会化服务体系。支持发展新型农村集体经济。深化集体产权、集体林权、农垦、供销社等改革。开展第四次全国农业普查。推动城乡要素双向流动，深化农文旅等融合发展，培育壮大乡村特色产业，提高农产品精深加工水平，发展林下经济，完善联农带农机制，促进农民稳定增收。发展壮大乡村人才队伍。深化农村移风易俗，提升乡村治理和文明乡风建设水平。持续整治提升农村人居环境，以钉钉子精神解决好农村改厕、垃圾围村等问题。扎实推进全域土地综合整治。完善乡村建设实施机制，加快补齐农村现代生活条件短板，推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设。

We will continue to advance rural reform and development.

Province-wide trials on extending rural land contracts by another 30 years upon the expiration of the current second-round contracts will be conducted across the country. We will develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations and improve the framework for modern agricultural operations and commercial agro-services. Support will be provided for the development of new rural collective economies. We will push forward with the reform of collective property rights, collective forest tenure, state farms, and supply and marketing cooperatives.

The fourth national agricultural census will be carried out. We will promote two-way flows of production factors between urban and rural areas and pursue integrated development of agriculture, culture, and tourism. We will nurture distinctive rural industries, boost the intensive processing of agricultural products, develop the non-timber forest-based economy, and refine mechanisms for involving more rural residents in local industry development, so as to sustain rural income growth.

More rural professionals will be trained. Further efforts will be made to promote new social mores, improve governance, and enhance social etiquette and civility in rural areas. To further improve the rural living environment, we will make tenacious efforts to address issues such as upgrading toilets and clearing up waste. Initiatives for whole-of-area land improvements will be steadily advanced.

We will refine mechanisms for implementing rural development initiatives, move faster to address modern amenity gaps in rural areas, and work to build a beautiful and harmonious countryside for people to live and work in.

（七）推动新型城镇化和区域协调发展。深入实施区域协调发展战略、区域重大战略、主体功能区战略和新型城镇化战略，构建优势互补、高质量发展的区域经济布局和国土空间体系。

7. Advancing new urbanization and coordinated regional development

We should continue to implement the coordinated regional development strategy, major regional strategies, the functional zoning strategy, and the new urbanization strategy, with a view to developing a regional economic layout and a territorial space system that enable regions to leverage their complementary strengths in pursuit of high-quality development.

深入推进以人为本的新型城镇化。科学有序推进农业转移人口市民化，因地制宜放宽在流入地参加中考报名条件，进一步完善“人地钱”挂钩政策。优化县域基础设施布局和公共资源配置，发展县域特色产业，推动县域经济高质量发展。坚持城市内涵式发展，优化现代化城市体系。高质量推进城市更新，稳步实施城镇老旧小区、城中村等改造。盘活利用存量土地和闲置房屋设施。加强城市基础设施生命线安全工程建设，提升高层建筑火灾防范和救援能力。建设创新型产业社区、商务社区，推动城市治理智慧化精细化，建设现代化人民城市。

We will continue to promote people-centered new urbanization.

Well-conceived and systematic measures will be taken to grant permanent urban residency to people who move to cities from rural areas. Based on local conditions, we will ease relevant eligibility standards so that more children of rural migrant workers can take high school entrance examinations in their current place of residence. We will continue to refine the policies for linking transfer payments, quotas for land newly designated for construction, and infrastructure investment to the number of urban residency approvals granted by local governments.

We will improve infrastructure planning and public resource allocation at the county level and develop distinctive industries to promote high-quality development of county economies. We will continue to tap the full potential of cities and refine the modern urban system. We will pursue high-quality urban renewal by steadily renovating old urban residential compounds and urban villages. Idle land and vacant housing and infrastructure will be put to better use.

We will boost the development of projects for ensuring the safety of urban infrastructure lifelines and improve fire prevention and rescue capacity for high-rise buildings. We will develop new types of industry-oriented and business-oriented communities, make urban governance smarter and more meticulous, and build people-centered modern cities.

不断增强区域发展协调性。优化主体功能区划，引导各地区围绕主体功能定位，更好发挥比较优势。扎实推动西部大开发形成新格局、东北全面振兴取得新突破、中部地区加快崛起、东部地区加快推进现代化。加强改革攻坚、政策赋能和要素保障，支持经济大省挑大梁。支持京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区打造世界级城市群。高标准高质量推进雄安新区建设。持续推进长江经济带发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。提升成渝地区双城经济圈发展能级。推动长江中游城市群等加快发展。加强重点城市群协调联动，健全规划统筹、产业协作、利益共享等机制，实施国家产业转移发展提升工程，深化跨行政区合作。加大差异化政策支持力度，深入推进兴边富民行动，促进革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、资源枯竭城市等振兴发展。加强主要海湾整体规划，做强做优做大海洋产业。

We will ensure more coordinated regional development.

We will optimize functional zoning to guide localities in better leveraging their comparative advantages based on their defined functions. Solid steps will be taken to make new advances in the large-scale development of the western region, to achieve new breakthroughs in the full revitalization of the Northeast, to accelerate the rise of the central region, and to encourage faster modernization of the eastern region. We will devote greater energy to advancing critical reforms, enhancing policy empowerment, and ensuring the supply of production factors, all with the aim of supporting major provincial economies in assuming greater responsibility.

We will encourage the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to build themselves into world-class city clusters. We will advance high-standard, high-quality development of the Xiong’an New Area. Continued efforts will be made to promote the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, and to pursue ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. The development capacity of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone will be boosted, and faster growth will be promoted in city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and in other areas.

We will enhance the coordinated and interconnected development of key city clusters, improve the mechanisms for coordinated planning, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing, carry out national initiatives for industry relocation, development, and upgrading, and boost cooperation across administrative divisions. We will strengthen differentiated policy support to advance initiatives aimed at boosting economic development and raising living standards in border regions and promote the revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and resource-depleted cities. We will enhance overall planning for major bays and see that China’s maritime sector gets stronger, performs better, and grows in size.

（八）更大力度保障和改善民生。坚持民生为大，加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，努力为人民群众多办实事。

8. Taking stronger measures to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing

The people’s wellbeing must always come first. We should ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and provide a cushion for people most in need, and we should make every effort to deliver more benefits to the people.

促进高质量充分就业。加大各类政策对就业的支持力度，构建就业友好型发展方式。延续实施稳岗返还、社保补贴、专项贷款等阶段性措施，进一步增加以工代赈投资规模。实施稳岗扩容提质行动，支持劳动密集型行业企业稳定岗位，围绕发展新兴产业、未来产业培育新职业新岗位，增强服务业带动就业能力。制定高校毕业生等青年就业支持政策，强化农民工稳岗帮扶，做好退役军人安置和就业服务，加强困难人员就业援助，出台支持灵活就业人员、新就业形态人员参加职工保险的政策。发挥创业担保贷款贴息等政策作用，加强创业支持引导。完善适应人工智能技术发展促进就业创业的措施。全面落实农民工工资支付保障制度，加强就业歧视治理，坚决维护劳动者合法权益。持续开展大规模职业技能提升培训，让更多劳动者拥有一技之长，更好就业增收。

We will promote high-quality full employment.

We will bolster support for employment through various policies and foster an employment-friendly growth model. We will continue with current measures such as those on granting unemployment insurance premium refunds, social insurance subsidies, and special loans, and increase funding for work-relief programs.

We will implement the initiative for creating more stable, better-quality job opportunities, support labor-intensive sectors and enterprises in keeping payrolls stable, nurture new occupations and jobs to serve emerging industries and industries of the future, and see that the service sector plays a greater role in job creation. We will draw up policies to facilitate employment for college graduates and other young people, increase support to stabilize employment among rural migrant workers, help ex-service members get resettled and find employment, and increase employment assistance for people facing difficulties in finding jobs. Policies will also be adopted to encourage people in flexible employment and new forms of employment to participate in social security programs.

We will provide stronger guidance and support for business startups through dedicated policies, including interest subsidies on guaranteed loans. We will take more effective measures to facilitate employment and entrepreneurship through better adaption to the development of AI technologies.

We will fully implement the system for ensuring payment of rural migrant workers’ wages and step up efforts to eliminate discrimination in the workplace, so as to firmly protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers. We will continue to roll out large-scale training programs for upgrading vocational skills to equip more workers with marketable skills that will help them secure better jobs and higher earnings.

推动教育公平与质量提升。实施新时代立德树人工程，促进思政课堂和社会课堂有效融合。适应学龄人口结构变化，推进教育资源布局结构调整。推动基础教育扩优提质，统筹义务教育优质均衡发展、学前教育优质普惠发展，完善免费学前教育政策，增加普通高中学位供给。持续扩大优质本科教育招生规模。提升职业学校办学能力，建设特色鲜明高职院校。办好特殊教育、专门教育，提升终身学习公共服务水平，引导规范民办教育发展。建设高素质专业化教师队伍，加强师德师风建设，强化教师待遇保障。加强体育、美育、劳动教育和心理健康教育，健全学校家庭社会协同育人机制，促进学生身心健康、全面发展。

We will enhance education equity and quality.

We will carry out the project on fostering virtue through education in the new era and promote effective integration between political studies in the classroom and practice in society. In response to structural changes in school-age populations, we will adjust the allocation of educational resources. We will upgrade basic education and make coordinated efforts to develop balanced, quality compulsory education and inclusive, quality preschool education. We will refine policies on free preschool education and increase the supply of regular senior secondary school places.

Enrollment in quality undergraduate programs will continue to be expanded. We will enhance the training capacity of vocational schools and develop vocational colleges with distinctive features. We will improve special needs education and specialized education, provide better public services in support of lifelong learning, and guide and regulate the development of private education.

We will build a high-caliber professional teaching workforce, enhance the professional integrity and conduct of teachers, and ensure better pay and benefits for them. We will strengthen physical, aesthetic, labor skills, and mental health education, and improve the school-family-society collaboration mechanism to ensure that students are physically and mentally healthy and realize well-rounded development.

强化基本医疗卫生服务。实施健康优先发展战略，健全健康促进政策制度体系，提升爱国卫生运动成效，强化公共卫生能力。健全医疗、医保、医药协同发展和治理机制，深化以公益性为导向的公立医院改革，加强县区、基层医疗机构运行保障。强化薄弱专科建设，全方位提升急诊急救、血液保障和应急能力。优化医疗机构功能定位和布局，加强基层用药衔接，做实家庭医生签约服务，促进分级诊疗。推进中医药传承创新，促进中西医结合。居民医保人均财政补助标准提高24元。健全多层次医疗保障体系，稳步推动基本医疗保险省级统筹，优化医药集中采购和价格治理，深化医保支付方式改革，完善结余资金使用政策。坚决打击欺诈骗保。加快发展商业健康保险，推动创新药和医疗器械高质量发展，更好满足人民群众多元化就医用药需求。

We will strengthen basic medical and health services.

Under the health-first strategy, we will refine the framework of policies and institutions for the promotion of health, deliver better outcomes in patriotic health campaigns, and boost public health capacity. We will improve the mechanisms for promoting coordinated development and governance of medical services, medical insurance, and pharmaceuticals, deepen the reform of public hospitals to see that they better serve the public interest, and provide greater operational support for county, district, and community-level medical institutions.

We will strengthen under-resourced specialties and enhance emergency medicine, blood supply, and other emergency response capabilities across the board. The functions and layout of medical institutions will also be refined. We will ensure better medication continuity at primary-level medical institutions, deliver solid progress in developing contracted family doctor services, and promote tiered diagnosis and treatment.

We will continue to promote the preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as well as integrated application of TCM and Western medicine.

Government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents will be raised by 24 yuan per person. We will improve the multi-tiered medical security system and steadily advance unified management of basic medical insurance funds at the provincial level. We will optimize centralized procurement of medicines and medical consumables and enhance pricing governance, further reform medical insurance payment models, and improve policies on the use of surplus funds. We will crack down hard on medical insurance fraud. We will work faster to develop commercial health insurance and promote high-quality development of innovative drugs and medical devices, so as to better meet people’s diverse needs for medicines and medical services.

加强社会保障和服务。城乡居民基础养老金月最低标准再提高20元。完善并落实基本养老保险全国统筹制度，扩大失业、工伤保险覆盖面，稳妥有序推进职业伤害保障试点扩围，健全社保关系转移接续政策。深入实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略，扩大普惠养老服务供给，积极发展农村养老服务，实施中度以上失能老年人养老服务消费补贴项目。积极开发老年人力资源，制定推进银发经济高质量发展的措施，完善老年用品产品、养老金融、旅居养老等支持政策。实施康复护理扩容提升工程。推行长期护理保险制度。做好独居老人、失能失智等困难群体的关爱帮扶。倡导积极婚育观。加强初婚初育家庭住房保障，支持多子女家庭改善性住房需求。完善生育保险制度和生育休假制度。深入开展托育服务补助示范试点，发展普惠托育和托幼一体化服务。加强残疾预防、康复和托养照护服务，推进养老助残资源统筹利用。做好困境儿童关爱服务，保障妇女儿童合法权益。加强军人军属、退役军人和其他优抚对象服务保障。建立健全基本殡葬服务制度。分层分类做好社会救助工作，兜住兜牢民生底线。

We will improve social security and social services.

Minimum basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents will be raised by 20 yuan per month, and the unified national management system for basic old-age insurance funds will be improved and implemented. We will broaden the coverage of unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation schemes, expand trials of occupational injury insurance in a prudent and systematic way, and improve the policies for transferring social security accounts.

The proactive national strategy in response to population aging will be advanced. We will increase the supply of public-interest elderly care services and improve elderly care services in rural areas. Elderly care service vouchers will be granted to seniors affected by moderate or more severe functional impairments. We will actively tap the potential of elderly human resources, draw up measures to promote high-quality development of the silver economy, and refine supportive policies for products designed for seniors, pension finance, and seniors’ seasonal relocation for wellness and care.

We will carry out the initiative for expanding and improving rehabilitation care services and advance insurance schemes for long-term care. Greater care and assistance will be provided for seniors living alone, people with physical or cognitive impairments, and other groups in need.

We will foster positive attitudes toward marriage and childbearing. We will boost housing support for first-time married couples and those with their first child, and help families with children meet their needs for better housing. We will refine the maternity insurance and parental leave systems, expand demonstrations and trials for subsidized childcare services, and provide support for public-interest childcare services and integrated nursery and childcare services.

We will strengthen disability prevention initiatives, provide better rehabilitation and care services for people with disabilities, and promote coordinated use of resources for elderly care and disability services. We will ensure that children in need receive adequate care and services and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. We will strengthen services and support for service personnel and their family members, ex-service members, and other entitled groups.

A sound system for basic funeral services will be developed. Social assistance of different types will be provided across different levels to see that all our people’s basic living needs are met.

更好满足人民群众精神文化需求。以社会主义核心价值观引领文化建设。发展哲学社会科学事业，推动新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术等领域精品创作。加强网络内容建设和管理，深化网络综合治理，推进未成年人网络保护。实施公共文化服务提质增效行动，做好公共图书馆、博物馆、文化馆等惠民开放，完善全民阅读推广服务体系，广泛开展群众性文化活动，繁荣互联网条件下新大众文艺。发展档案事业。深入实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程，完成第四次全国文物普查，加强文化遗产系统性保护、监管和合理利用。高质量发展文化旅游业，丰富文旅体商等融合业态。鼓励更多文化企业和优秀文化产品走向世界，增强主流媒体国际传播能力。做好2026年亚运会备战参赛工作。加快重塑足球青训体系。积极发展赛事经济、冰雪经济、户外运动，建好用好群众身边的运动场地设施，培育更多特色群众体育赛事活动。

We will better satisfy the intellectual and cultural needs of our people.

We will guide cultural development with the core socialist values. We will develop philosophy and social sciences and promote the production of outstanding works in the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature, art, and other fields. We will improve the quality and management of online content, enhance comprehensive cyberspace governance, and strengthen the protection of minors in cyberspace.

Initiatives will be launched to boost the quality and efficiency of public cultural services. We will make sure that facilities such as public libraries, museums, and cultural centers are open to and better serve the public, improve the services system for fostering a love of reading among our people, launch extensive public cultural activities, and promote new forms of literature and art for the general public in the internet age. Archiving will be further developed.

We will continue with the project to pass on and develop fine traditional Chinese culture. The fourth national survey of cultural artifacts will be completed, and systematic protection, management, and proper use of cultural heritage will be enhanced.

We will boost high-quality development of cultural tourism and cultivate diversified forms of business featuring the integration of culture, tourism, sports, and commerce. We will encourage efforts to extend the global reach of more cultural enterprises and fine cultural works, and see that the mainstream media enhances its capacity for international communication. Good preparations will be made for China’s participation in the 2026 Asian Games. Restructuring of the youth football training system will be sped up. We will actively develop the sports event economy, the ice and snow economy, and outdoor sports. We will build sports venues and facilities close to people’s homes and ensure they are put to best use. More distinctive recreational sports events will be launched.

（九）加快推动全面绿色转型。以碳达峰碳中和为牵引，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，增强绿色发展动能。

9. Accelerating the green transition across the board

Guided by our goals of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, we will make coordinated efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development, and boost economic growth, while strengthening our green development drivers.

加强生态环境综合治理。深入打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战，制定实施空气质量持续改善行动计划，推进县城和农村黑臭水体治理，加强重点行业污染地块风险管控。强化新污染物治理，实施固体废物综合治理行动。完善多元化生态补偿机制，拓展生态产品价值实现渠道。加强生物多样性保护，实施好长江十年禁渔。坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，实施自然保护地整合优化，推进国家公园建设，扎实推进“三北”工程攻坚战，让人民群众身边的山更绿、水更清。

We will step up comprehensive efforts to improve the environment.

Fresh headway will be made in keeping our skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean. We will formulate and implement an action plan to ensure continuous air quality improvement, continue to tackle black, malodorous water bodies in county seats and rural areas, and adopt more robust measures to control risks posed by polluted land plots in key industries. We will devote greater efforts to treating new pollutants and take comprehensive steps to treat solid waste.

We will refine the mechanisms for diversifying the forms of ecological compensation and broaden the channels for realizing the market value of ecosystem goods and services. Biodiversity protection will be enhanced, and the 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River will be effectively enforced. We will take a holistic and systematic approach to the conservation and improvement of mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, and desert ecosystems. We will integrate and optimize protected areas, and continue to develop national parks. Solid steps will be taken to make advances in this crucial stage of the national shelterbelt program in northwest, north, and northeast China. All this will ensure that our people can enjoy a cleaner and more beautiful environment.

大力发展绿色低碳经济。完善促进绿色低碳发展政策，实施重点行业提质降本降碳行动，深入推进零碳园区和工厂建设。设立国家低碳转型基金，培育氢能、绿色燃料等新增长点。有力有效管控高耗能高排放项目，加快淘汰落后产能，支持绿色低碳技术装备创新应用。完善资源总量管理和全面节约制度，强化再生资源循环利用。

We will boost the green and low-carbon economy.

We will improve the policies for promoting green and low-carbon development, launch initiatives for upgrading quality, lowering costs, and reducing carbon emissions in key industries, and drive forward the development of zero-carbon industrial parks and factories. We will set up a national fund for low-carbon transition and foster new growth drivers such as hydrogen power and green fuels. We will exercise tight and effective regulation over energy-intensive and high-emission projects, accelerate efforts to phase out outdated production capacity, and support innovation and application of green and low-carbon technologies and equipment. The systems for total resource consumption control and comprehensive resource conservation will be improved, and recycling of recyclable materials will be stepped up.

积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和。实施碳排放总量和强度双控制度，完善碳排放统计核算、碳足迹管理体系，进一步扩大碳排放权交易市场覆盖范围。制定能源强国建设规划纲要。着力构建新型电力系统，加快智能电网建设，发展新型储能，扩大绿电应用。加强化石能源清洁高效利用。

We will actively yet prudently work toward peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality.

We will implement the system of controlling both the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions and refine the systems for carbon emissions statistics and accounting as well as carbon footprint management. The coverage of the China Carbon Emission Trade Exchange will be expanded. An outline of the plan for strengthening China’s energy sector will be formulated. We will build a new electric power system, accelerate the construction of smart grids, develop new types of energy storage, and promote more extensive use of green electricity. We will also promote clean and efficient use of fossil fuels.

（十）加强重点领域风险防范化解和安全能力建设。统筹防风险和促发展，进一步增强发展韧性，坚决守牢安全底线，促进社会和谐稳定。

10. Strengthening risk prevention and mitigation and enhancing security capacity in key areas

We will take coordinated steps to guard against risks and drive growth, so as to enhance development resilience, firmly safeguard security, and promote social harmony and stability.

着力稳定房地产市场。因城施策控增量、去库存、优供给，探索多渠道盘活存量商品房，鼓励收购存量商品房重点用于保障性住房等。深化住房公积金制度改革。优化保障性住房供给，加快危旧房改造。有序推动安全舒适绿色智慧的“好房子”建设，实施房屋品质提升工程和物业服务质量提升行动。进一步发挥“保交房”的白名单制度作用，防范债务违约风险。深入推进房地产发展新模式的基础制度和配套政策建设。

We will work to stabilize the real estate market.

City-specific policies will be introduced to control the number of new real estate projects, reduce housing inventory, and improve supply. We will explore various avenues for utilizing commodity housing stock and encourage such stock to be purchased and used mainly as government-subsidized housing. Reform of the housing provident fund system will be deepened. We will improve the supply of government-subsidized housing and accelerate the renovation of old and dilapidated housing units.

We will take well-ordered steps to promote the development of quality homes that are safe, comfortable, eco-friendly, and smart, and carry out projects to enhance housing quality and initiatives to improve property services. We will better leverage the role of the white list to ensure timely delivery of housing projects and prevent debt default risks. Further efforts will be made to develop the foundational institutions and relevant supportive policies for creating a new development model for the real estate sector.

积极有序化解地方政府债务风险。支持各地用足用好政策，加快化解隐性债务风险，严防虚假化债，坚决把遏制违规新增隐性债务作为铁的纪律。加大金融、财政支持力度，优化债务重组和置换办法，多措并举化解地方政府融资平台经营性债务风险，分类有序推动改革转型。优化债务监测考核指标，构建统一的政府债务管理长效机制。

We will take active and well-ordered measures to defuse local government debt risks.

We will support local governments in leveraging all relevant policies to defuse hidden debt risks at a faster pace. Stringent measures will be taken to prevent fraudulent debt resolution. We will enforce the prohibition on incurring new hidden debts in breach of regulations as an ironclad rule. We will increase financial and fiscal support to optimize the ways of conducting debt restructuring and replacement, adopt multiple measures to defuse operational debt risks in local government financing platforms, and take systematic steps to reform and transform these platforms on a per-category basis. Indicators for debt monitoring and evaluation will be refined, and long-term mechanisms will be established to conduct unified government debt management.

积极稳妥化解金融领域风险。充实地方中小金融机构风险处置资源和手段。坚持市场化法治化原则，有序推进高风险机构处置。多渠道加大资本补充力度，稳妥处置金融机构不良资产。加强金融监管协同，防范打击非法金融活动。强化金融风险监测预警和早期纠正，提高风险源头防控能力。

We will take active and prudent steps to defuse financial risks.

A full range of resources and means will be leveraged to address risks in small and medium local financial institutions. We will take market- and law-based measures to deal with high-risk institutions in a systematic way, ramp up capital replenishment through various channels, and prudently handle the non-performing assets of financial institutions. We will enhance coordination in financial regulation and guard against and crack down on illegal financial activities. We will enhance monitoring and early warning to ensure prompt response to financial risks and better prevent and control risks at source.

维护国家安全和社会稳定。全面贯彻总体国家安全观，健全国家安全体系，加强重点领域国家安全能力建设。强化公共安全治理，提升重要基础设施本质安全水平，持续夯实安全生产、防灾减灾基层基础，全面完成安全生产治本攻坚三年行动。加强气象、水文、地质灾害、森林草原火灾、地震监测预报预警。加快补齐北方地区防洪排涝抗灾基础设施、应急处置等短板。加快建设现代化水网。健全巨灾保险保障体系。严格食品、药品、重点工业产品、特种设备等安全监管。完善社会治理体系，引导支持社会组织、人道救助、志愿服务、公益慈善等健康发展，推动行业协会商会改革发展。坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”，推进综治中心规范化建设，完善社区治理，推进矛盾纠纷预防和多元化解。加强社会心理疏导。深入推进信访工作法治化，集中化解信访问题。深化社会治安整体防控体系和能力建设，健全扫黑除恶常态化机制，加大预防和打击电信网络诈骗、毒品犯罪等力度，建设更高水平的平安中国。

We will safeguard national security and social stability.

We will fully apply a holistic approach to national security, improve the national security system, and build up national security capacity in key domains. We will strengthen public safety governance, make critical infrastructure intrinsically safer, and bolster local communities’ capacity for ensuring workplace safety and for disaster prevention and mitigation. We will complete the three-year drive to address the root causes of workplace accidents and ensure production safety. Steps will be taken to strengthen the monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of meteorological, hydrological, and geological disasters, forest and grassland fires, and earthquakes.

In northern China, accelerated efforts will be made to shore up infrastructure, emergency response, and other weak links in flood prevention, drainage, and disaster response. The development of a modern water network will be accelerated, and the support system for catastrophe insurance will be improved. Oversight over the safety of food, drugs, key industrial products, and special equipment will be tightened.

The social governance system will be improved. We will guide and support the sound development of social organizations, humanitarian assistance, volunteer services, social welfare programs, and charitable initiatives, and promote reform and development of trade associations and chambers of commerce. We will continue to apply and develop theFengqiao model in the new era and advance the well-regulated development of integrated governance centers, so as to improve community governance and effectively prevent and resolve conflicts and disputes through diverse means. Public psychological counseling services will be strengthened.

We will enhance law-based handling of public complaints and proposals, and make concerted efforts to resolve relevant issues. We will further develop the integrated system and capacity for maintaining law and order, build robust mechanisms for combating and rooting out organized crime on an ongoing basis, and redouble efforts to prevent and crack down on telecom and online fraud and drug-related crime. These efforts will enable us to advance thePeaceful China Initiative to a higher level.

新的形势和任务，对政府工作提出了更高要求。各级政府及其工作人员要深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致。坚决扛起全面从严治党政治责任，巩固拓展深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育成果，加强对权力配置、运行的规范和监督，纵深推进政府党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争，深化整治群众身边不正之风和腐败问题。牢固树立和践行正确政绩观，坚持为人民出政绩、以实干出政绩，自觉按规律办事。

New developments and tasks call for better performance from the government. All of us in government at every level should acquire a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and of establishing the guiding role ofXi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; be more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership; and closely follow the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thinking, stance, and action.

我们要强化法治政府建设，深入推进依法行政，严格依照宪法法律履职尽责。自觉接受同级人大及其常委会的监督，自觉接受人民政协的民主监督，自觉接受社会和舆论监督。提高审计监督质效。坚持科学、民主、依法决策。扎实做好政务公开工作，加强政策宣传解读。支持工会、共青团、妇联等群团组织更好发挥作用。深化事业单位改革。健全规范涉企行政执法长效机制。以“高效办成一件事”为牵引，持续优化政务服务，加快数字政府建设。着力提升行政效能，沉下心来抓落实，认认真真解决问题，提高对党中央决策部署一贯到底的执行力穿透力。各级政府要树牢大局观，准确把握在全国发展大局中的定位，善于把国家战略、市场需求和地区优势结合起来，因地制宜探索高质量发展新模式。完善差异化考核评价体系，持续深化整治形式主义为基层减负，让广大干部心无旁骛抓落实、办实事。营造良好政治环境、人才环境、营商环境、舆论环境，在全社会凝聚推动高质量发展的强大合力。

We will resolutely shoulder our political responsibility for ensuring full and rigorous Party self-governance, and consolidate and build on what we have gained from the study campaign for fully implementing the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct. We will tighten regulation and oversight over the allocation and exercise of power, make thorough efforts to improve Party conduct, build integrity, and combat corruption in the government, and intensify efforts to address misconduct and corruption directly affecting the public. We will make sure that officials have a correct understanding of what it means to perform well and act accordingly by delivering for the people through hard work and in accordance with objective laws.

We will intensify efforts to build a law-based government, advance law-based government administration, and perform our duties in strict accordance with the Constitution and the law. We will readily submit ourselves to the oversight of people’s congresses and their standing committees at the corresponding level. We will readily accept democratic oversight from the CPPCC and readily place ourselves under public oversight and oversight through public opinion. The quality and effectiveness of audit-based oversight will be raised, and sound, democratic, and law-based decision-making will be ensured. We will take solid steps to make government affairs more transparent and improve the way we communicate and explain policies to the public.

We will support trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations, women’s federations, and other people’s organizations in better playing their roles, and deepen the reform of public institutions.

Long-term mechanisms for regulating enterprise-related administrative law enforcement will be improved. We will promote one-stop government services to elevate overall service levels and speed up the development of a digital government. We will enhance administrative performance, prioritize policy implementation, take solid steps to solve problems, and improve our ability to fully and effectively implement the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee. We in government at every level should keep the overall picture in mind. To this end, every one of us must ground our work in an accurate understanding of our respective roles in China’s overall development and properly align regional advantages with national strategies and market demand to pioneer new models of high-quality development suited to local conditions.

We will refine the differentiated performance evaluation system, keep working to rectify pointless formalities, and effectively reduce the burden on those working on the ground, so they can dedicate themselves to ensuring policy implementation and delivering solid outcomes. We will work to foster favorable political, talent, business, and public opinion environments and create the powerful synergy needed to pursue high-quality development throughout society.

我们要以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线，积极促进各民族广泛交往交流交融，加快民族地区现代化建设步伐，推进中华民族共同体建设。坚持党的宗教工作基本方针，坚持我国宗教中国化方向，加强宗教事务治理法治化。全面贯彻党的侨务政策，维护海外侨胞和归侨侨眷合法权益，更好凝聚侨心侨力。

With a focus on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, we will actively promote extensive interaction, communication, and integration among all our ethnic groups, and speed up modernization in areas with large ethnic minority populations. All this will help further build the community of the Chinese nation.

We will adhere to the Party’s basic policy on religious affairs, ensure that religions in China are Chinese in orientation, and strengthen law-based governance of religious affairs. We will fully implement the Party’s policy on overseas Chinese affairs. We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals residing abroad and those who have returned to China as well as their families in China, and work to pool their support and strength.

过去一年，国防和军队现代化建设取得新的成就。新的一年，我们要深入贯彻习近平强军思想，贯彻新时代军事战略方针，坚持党对人民军队的绝对领导，全面深入贯彻军委主席负责制，以政治建军为引领，持续深化政治整训，接续打好实现建军一百年奋斗目标攻坚战。扎实推进练兵备战，加快先进战斗力建设，提高捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益的战略能力。抓好军队建设“十五五”规划编制，实施国防发展重大工程，实施军事理论现代化推进工程。协力推进跨军地改革，优化国防科技工业体系和布局，巩固提高一体化国家战略体系和能力。加快国防动员能力建设，深化全民国防教育。各级政府要大力支持国防和军队建设，深入开展“双拥”工作，巩固军政军民团结。

Last year saw new achievements in modernizing national defense and the armed forces. This year, we will continue to applyXi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military and implement the military strategy for the new era. We will stay committed to the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s armed forces, and fully and thoroughly implement the system of ultimate responsibility resting with the chairman of the Central Military Commission. Guided by the principle of ensuring political loyalty in the military, we will continue to improve military political conduct and make major strides toward the centenary goals of the People’s Liberation Army. We will make solid gains in military training and combat readiness, and speed up the development of advanced combat capabilities. All these steps will boost our strategic capacity to safeguard China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests.

We will formulate the plan for strengthening the military during the15^th Five-Year Plan period, carry out major defense-related projects, and launch projects to modernize military theory. We will make coordinated advances in military-civilian reforms, improve the framework and layout of defense-related science, technology, and industry, and consolidate and enhance the integration of national strategies and strategic capabilities. We will move faster to develop national defense mobilization capabilities and raise public awareness of national defense.

We in government at every level should provide strong support for endeavors to develop national defense and the armed forces. We will strengthen mutual support between civilian sectors and the military and consolidate the unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.

我们要坚定不移贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治方针，落实“爱国者治港”、“爱国者治澳”原则，提升港澳依法治理效能，促进港澳经济社会发展。支持港澳更好融入和服务国家发展大局，发挥港澳背靠祖国、联通世界独特优势和重要作用，促进香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。

We will resolutely implement the policy ofOne Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We will see that Hong Kong and Macao are administered by patriots, ensure that both special administrative regions are more effectively governed in accordance with the law, and promote their economic and social development. We will support Hong Kong and Macao in better integrating into and contributing to the country’s overall development, further leverage their unique strengths and important roles derived from the backing of the motherland and from their close links with the rest of the world, and promote their long-term prosperity and stability.

我们要深入贯彻新时代党解决台湾问题的总体方略，坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，坚决打击“台独”分裂势力，反对外部势力干涉，推动两岸关系和平发展、推进祖国统一大业。深化两岸交流合作和融合发展，共同传承弘扬中华文化，落实台湾同胞享受同等待遇政策，增进两岸同胞福祉，共同开创民族复兴伟业。

We will fully implement the Party’s overall policy for the new era on resolving the Taiwan question. We will stay committed to the one-China principle and the1992 Consensus, resolutely fight against separatist forces aimed at “Taiwan independence,” and oppose external interference, so as to promote the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and advance the cause of national reunification. We will promote exchanges, cooperation, and integrated development across the Taiwan Strait, and people on both sides of the Strait should work together to pass on and carry forward Chinese culture. We will implement policies designed to ensure equal treatment for our Taiwan compatriots, so as to improve the wellbeing of the Chinese people on both sides. Working together, all of us Chinese will realize the great cause of national rejuvenation.

我们要坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持走和平发展道路，拓展全球伙伴关系网络，坚决反对霸权主义和强权政治，维护国际公平正义。中国愿同国际社会一道，倡导平等有序的世界多极化、普惠包容的经济全球化，推动落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展，携手构建人类命运共同体，共创世界和平发展美好未来。

We will stay committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and to peaceful development. We will expand our global network of partnerships, resolutely oppose hegemonism and power politics, and uphold international fairness and justice.

China stands ready to work with all members of the international community to promote an equal and orderly multipolar world and universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization; to pursue theGlobal Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative; to actively participate in reform and development of the global governance system; and to make the international order more just and equitable. In doing so, we will jointly build a community with a shared future for humanity and create a bright future of peace and development for our world.

各位代表！蓝图已经绘就，奋进正当其时。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，万众一心、砥砺前行，奋力实现全年经济社会发展目标任务，确保“十五五”良好开局，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业不懈奋斗！

Fellow Deputies,

The blueprint has been drawn, and the time for action has come. Let us rally more closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and follow the guidance ofXi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

Let us forge ahead with one heart and one mind to accomplish the objectives and tasks for this year’s economic and social development and get off to a good start in implementing the15th Five-Year Plan.

Let us strive to build a great country and advance national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.