第68届联合国大会中方立场文件
Position Paper of the People’s Republic of China at the 68th Session of the United Nations General Assembly
一、联合国作用
I. The Role of the United Nations (UN)
当前，国际形势正在发生深刻复杂变化，世界多极化和国际关系民主化深入人心，经济全球化、社会信息化深刻改变着世界，国与国相互依存更加紧密。与此同时，国际社会仍面临诸多挑战。各种传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织。南北发展差距依然突出，全球治理机制有待完善。
The international situation is undergoing profound and complex changes. There is extensive support for world multi-polarity and greater democracy in international relations. Economic globalization and information technology are changing the world in a profound way. Countries are more interdependent. At the same time, the international community still faces many challenges. Various traditional and non-traditional security threats are entwined. The North-South development gap remains pronounced. The global governance mechanisms need to be improved.
解决全球性难题和挑战，需要联合国广大会员国携手努力。联合国作为最具普遍性和代表性的政府间国际组织，是各国维护和平、共谋发展、互利合作的大舞台，也是世界人民共同追求梦想的大舞台。《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则是当代国际关系的基石，国际社会应继续维护战后和平秩序，继续推动联合国在国际事务中发挥重要作用。
To address difficult global issues and challenges requires the joint efforts of all UN Member States. The UN, as the most inclusive and representative inter-governmental organization, is a big stage for countries to uphold peace, pursue common development and conduct mutually beneficial cooperation and for people of the world to pursue their dreams. The purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations are the cornerstone of contemporary international relations. The international community should continue to uphold the post-war peace order and encourage the UN to play an important role in international affairs.
二、联合国改革
II. UN Reform
面对全球化挑战和世界形势深刻变化，国际社会对联合国的期待更高了。中国希望联合国与时俱进，通过加强自身建设，积极回应国际社会期待。联合国改革应有助于增强联合国协调各国努力、应对全球性挑战的能力，有助于提高发展中国家在国际事务中的发言权。改革应是全方位的，应在安全、发展、人权三大领域均衡推进，特别是推动在发展领域取得积极成果。
Facing the challenges brought by globalization and profound changes in the international situation, the international community has higher expectations for the UN. China hopes that the UN will keep abreast of the times and actively respond to these expectations by enhancing itself. Reform should help strengthen the capacity of the UN in coordinating international efforts to respond to global challenges and give developing countries more voice in international affairs. Reform should be an all-round one and be advanced in a balanced manner in security, development and human rights. In particular, positive results should be achieved in development.
中国支持安理会通过必要、合理的改革，增强权威和效率，更好地履行《联合国宪章》赋予的维护国际和平与安全的职责。安理会改革应优先增加发展中国家、特别是非洲国家在安理会的代表性，使中小国家有更多机会轮流进入安理会，参与其决策，在安理会发挥更大作用。安理会改革涉及方方面面，应继续进行民主、耐心协商，兼顾各方利益和关切，寻求“一揽子”改革方案，并达成最广泛一致。
China supports necessary and reasonable reform to the Security Council so that it will enjoy more authority and efficiency and better fulfill the responsibilities for maintaining international peace and security bestowed on it by the Charter of the United Nations. The priority of the Security Council reform should be on increasing the representation of developing countries, especially African countries, in the Security Council so that small and medium-sized countries will have more opportunities to sit on the Security Council in turns, participate in its decision-making, and play a bigger role in the Security Council. Given the broad agenda of the Security Council reform, it is important to continue with democratic and patient consultations, accommodate the interests and concerns of all parties, seek a package solution and reach the broadest possible agreement.
三、政治与安全领域
III. Political and Security Issues
（一）联合国维和行动
1. Peacekeeping Operations
维和行动是联合国维护国际和平与安全的重要手段。当前，联合国维和行动规模不断扩大，授权日趋广泛，面临的挑战也在增多。中国一贯主张联合国维和行动应严格遵守安理会有关决议授权，始终坚持“当事国同意、中立、非自卫和履行授权不使用武力”的哈马舍尔德维和三原则，加强任务规划，明确优先目标，协调一致行动，形成整体合力。联合国维和行动应加强同缔造和平、建设和平的衔接及统筹，重视与区域和次区域组织加强合作，更加关注非洲国家的需求。
UN peacekeeping operations are an important and effective means for maintaining international peace and security. The peacekeeping operations, given their expanded scale and broadened mandate, are facing growing challenges today. China maintains that in conducting peacekeeping operations, it is important to strictly abide by and carry out the mandate of relevant Security Council resolutions, adhere to the three principles of “consent of the parties, impartiality and non-use of force except in self-defense and defense of the mandate” put forward by former UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold, strengthen operation planning, set out clear priorities, and coordinate actions to form synergy. There should be better coordination between peacekeeping, peacemaking and peacebuilding. The UN should place greater emphasis on enhancing cooperation with regional and sub-regional organizations, and pay more attention to the needs of African countries in its peacekeeping operations.
中国重视并积极参与联合国维和行动，迄今共向联合国维和行动派出军事人员、警察和民事官员20000余人次。目前有近2000名中国维和人员在9项维和行动中执行任务，是联合国维和行动第18大出兵国，在安理会五常任理事国中位居第一。
China attaches importance to and actively participates in UN peacekeeping operations. To date, China has sent over 20,000 military personnel, police officers and civilian officials to UN peacekeeping operations. At present, there are nearly 2,000 Chinese peacekeepers on duty in nine operations, making China the 18th largest troop-contributing country in the world and the biggest peacekeeper contributor among the five permanent members of the Security Council.
（二）建设和平
2. Peacebuilding
建设和平有助于消除冲突产生的根源，对于实现有关国家和地区的长治久安具有重要意义。建设和平委员会作为联合国系统内首个协调冲突后重建工作的机构，在帮助冲突后国家实现重建方面发挥了重要作用。中国一贯支持联合国在冲突后重建中发挥领导作用，支持建设和平委员会及建设和平基金开展工作。建设和平委员会应充分尊重当事国自主权，协助当事国筹集资源，并更好地发挥建设和平基金的作用。建设和平委员会应改进工作方法，提高工作效率，进一步完善自身机制建设，同时应加强同联合国大会及安理会等主要机构、国际金融机构及区域组织的协调与合作。中国将继续为建设和平委员会工作提供支持。
Peacebuilding helps eliminate the root cause of conflicts, and plays a significant role in realizing lasting peace and stability in relevant countries and regions. As the first agency in the UN system entrusted with the responsibility of coordinating post-conflict rebuilding, the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) has played an important role in helping with the rebuilding of post-conflict countries. China supports the UN’s leading role in post-conflict rebuilding and work of the PBC and the Peacebuilding Fund (PBF). The PBC should fully respect the independent rights of the countries concerned, support their efforts in collecting resources and make better use of the PBF. The PBC should improve its work method and efficiency, further strengthen its institutions and, at the same time, enhance coordination and cooperation with the General Assembly, the Security Council and other major agencies as well as international financial institutions and regional organizations. China will continue to support the work of the PBC.
（三）武装冲突中保护平民
3. Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict
中国对平民生命、财产安全在武装冲突中受到威胁、遭受损失深表关切，敦促各方遵守国际法和联合国安理会有关决议，在武装冲突中充分保护平民。
China is deeply concerned about the threat and loss of the life and property of civilians caused by armed conflict, and urges the parties concerned to abide by the international law and relevant Security Council resolutions in good faith and give full protection to civilians caught up in armed conflict.
根据《联合国宪章》和国际人道法，保护平民的责任首先在于当事国政府。国际社会的帮助应坚持公正、客观和中立原则，获得当事国同意，并充分尊重当事国主权与领土完整，避免介入当地政治纷争或影响和平进程。
According to the Charter of the United Nations and the international humanitarian law, the responsibility to protect civilians rests first and foremost with the government of the country concerned. When providing assistance, the international community should adhere to the principles of “impartiality, objectiveness and neutrality”, obtain the consent of the host country, fully respect its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and refrain from interfering in local political disputes or impeding the peace process.
各方应把保护平民问题放在和平解决冲突的政治进程中加以处理。在冲突后和平重建中也应重视保护平民。联合国各有关机构应就此加强协调，形成合力。
The protection of civilians should be incorporated into the political process aimed at seeking peaceful solutions to conflict. It should also be given priority in post-conflict rebuilding. The relevant UN agencies should strengthen coordination and form synergy in this respect.
（四）反对恐怖主义
4. Counter-Terrorism
恐怖主义是全球公敌。国际社会在反恐领域不断加大投入，共识日益增多，合作日趋深入，取得了不少积极进展。同时，恐怖主义滋生的土壤并未铲除，国际社会面临的恐怖威胁远未消除，国际反恐形势仍然十分严峻。
Terrorism is the common enemy of the world. The international community has scaled up input, reached broader consensus, carried out deeper cooperation and made substantial progress in the fight against terrorism. Yet on the other hand, the breeding ground for terrorism has not been removed, terrorist threats to the international community are far from disappearing, and the international counter-terrorism situation remains as grave as ever.
国际社会应按照《联合国宪章》及其他公认的国际法和国际关系准则，开展广泛合作，共同打击恐怖主义。联合国及其安理会应在国际反恐斗争中发挥领导和协调作用。打击恐怖主义应标本兼治，采取政治、经济、外交等手段综合治理，消除恐怖主义滋生的土壤。中方反对在反恐问题上采取双重标准，认为不应将恐怖主义与特定的国家、民族或宗教相联系。
The international community should carry out extensive cooperation to jointly combat terrorism in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, and other universally recognized international law and norms governing international relations. The UN and its Security Council should play a leading and coordinating role in the battle against terrorism. A holistic approach that addresses both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism should be adopted to remove the breeding ground for terrorism with the integrated use of political, economic and diplomatic means. China opposes the practice of double standards in fighting terrorism or linking terrorism to specific countries, ethnic groups or religions.
中国也是恐怖主义的受害者。以“东突厥斯坦伊斯兰运动”为首的“东突”恐怖势力长期策划、煽动对中国政府和人民的暴力恐怖行为，打击“东突”恐怖势力是国际反恐斗争的重要组成部分。中国将继续积极参与国际反恐合作，与各国一道共同打击包括“东突”在内的国际恐怖势力。
China is a victim of terrorism. The “Eastern Turkestan Islamic Movement” and other “Eastern Turkestan” terrorist forces have long been plotting and instigating violent terrorist attacks against the Chinese government and people. The fight against the “Eastern Turkestan” terrorist forces is an important part of the international anti-terrorism campaign. China will continue to take an active part in international counter-terrorism cooperation and work with all countries to fight the “Eastern Turkestan” and other international terrorist forces.
（五）朝鲜半岛局势
5. Situation on the Korean Peninsula
维护朝鲜半岛和平稳定、实现半岛无核化符合有关各方共同利益，也是国际社会的一致呼声。中方在朝鲜半岛问题上的立场是一贯的，即坚持半岛无核化，坚持维护半岛和平，坚持对话解决问题。中方始终认为，对话协商是解决半岛有关问题的唯一有效途径，六方会谈是平衡解决各方关切、实现半岛无核化的有效平台。希望有关各方保持接触对话，继续致力于通过谈判解决分歧，争取早日重启六方会谈。中方愿同各方一道，继续为此发挥建设性作用。
To uphold peace and stability and achieve the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula serves the common interests of all parties concerned and represents the call of the international community. China’s position on the issues on the Korean Peninsula is consistent. China is committed to a denuclearized and peaceful Peninsula and resolving the issues through dialogue. China holds the view that dialogue and consultation is the only effective way to resolve the relevant issues, and that the Six-Party Talks is an effective platform for addressing the concerns of the parties in a balanced manner and achieving denuclearization of the Peninsula. China hopes that the parties will maintain contact and dialogue, stay committed to resolving differences through negotiation and resume the Six-Party Talks at an early date. China is ready to work with the other parties to continue to play a constructive role in this process.
（六）缅甸问题
6. Myanmar
缅甸政治转型以来，政治与民族和解取得积极进展，发展态势良好。作为友好邻邦，中方将继续支持缅甸为实现国内稳定与发展，推进政治与民族和解所做的努力，支持缅甸同其他国家发展平等互利的友好合作关系，欢迎有关国家解除对缅甸的制裁。国际社会应继续为缅甸稳步推进改革、实现长期稳定、加快自身发展创造良好外部环境，并尊重缅甸人民根据自身情况选择的发展道路。
Since the political transformation started in Myanmar, positive progress has been made in its political and national reconciliation. There is good momentum of development. As a friendly neighbor, China will continue to support Myanmar’s efforts in realizing domestic stability and development and advancing political and national reconciliation. China supports Myanmar in developing friendly and cooperative relations with other countries based on equality and mutual benefit, and welcomes the lifting of sanctions on Myanmar by relevant countries. The international community should continue to create a sound external environment for Myanmar to steadily advance reform, achieve enduring stability and accelerate development, and respect the development path chosen by the people of Myanmar based on their national conditions.
（七）阿富汗问题
7. Afghanistan
阿富汗在和平重建方面取得了积极进展，同时仍面临一些困难和挑战。要实现阿富汗的和平、稳定、独立、发展，还需要阿富汗人民和国际社会的共同努力。
Afghanistan has made positive progress in peace and reconstruction, but still faces some difficulties and challenges. It requires the efforts of both the people of Afghanistan and the international community to bring about a peaceful, stable and independent Afghanistan that enjoys development.
中国一贯支持并积极参与阿富汗和平重建，支持“阿人主导、阿人所有”的和解进程，支持阿富汗不断加强自身能力建设，改善安全环境，与地区国家开展合作。有关方面应为阿富汗政府承担安全责任创造条件，切实履行对阿富汗经济和社会发展的援助承诺，在确保阿富汗和平稳定的基础上，逐步、稳妥地向阿移交安全责任。国际社会应加强彼此协调与配合，为早日实现“阿人治阿”而共同努力。
China supports and has actively participated in Afghanistan’s peace and reconstruction process. We support the Afghan-led and Afghan-owned reconciliation process and we support Afghanistan in its continued efforts to strengthen capacity-building, improve the security environment and develop cooperation with countries in the region. The relevant parties should create conditions for the Afghan government to assume the security responsibilities, honor the assistance commitment to Afghanistan’s economic and social development, and gradually and smoothly transfer the security responsibilities to Afghanistan on the basis of ensuring peace and stability in the country. The international community should strengthen coordination and collaboration and work together for the early arrival of an Afghanistan governed by the Afghan people.
（八）伊朗核问题
8. Iranian Nuclear Issue
中方一贯支持维护国际核不扩散体系，主张通过对话与谈判妥善解决伊朗核问题，维护中东地区的和平与稳定。伊朗作为《不扩散核武器条约》缔约国，享有和平利用核能的权利，同时也应履行防扩散国际义务。
China supports upholding the international non-proliferation regime, and calls for a proper solution to the Iranian nuclear issue through dialogue and negotiation to maintain peace and stability in the Middle East. As a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Iran has the right to peaceful use of nuclear energy and should at the same time fulfill its international non-proliferation obligation.
中方始终认为，对话和谈判是妥善解决伊朗核问题的唯一正确途径，也符合各方的根本利益。经过各方的共同努力，六国与伊对话已进入实质性谈判阶段。当前形势下，有关各方应坚持对话方向，加大外交努力，灵活务实，求同化异，推动对话及早取得进展。国际原子能机构与伊朗也应致力于进一步加强合作并取得实质性成果。
China believes that dialogue and negotiation is the only right way to properly resolve the Iranian nuclear issue and serves the fundamental interests of all parties. Thanks to the concerted efforts of all relevant parties, the dialogue between the P5+1 countries and Iran has entered the stage of substantive negotiation. Under the current situation, the relevant parties should keep to the direction of dialogue, step up diplomatic efforts, adopt a flexible and pragmatic attitude, seek common ground while resolving differences, and push for early progress in the dialogue. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Iran should also strengthen cooperation and strive for substantive results.
在伊朗核问题上，中方一直积极劝和促谈。我们愿同各方一道，从维护国际核不扩散体系和中东和平稳定的大局出发，为推动伊朗核问题的全面、长期和妥善解决发挥建设性作用。
China has worked actively to promote peace and encourage dialogue for resolving the Iranian issue. To uphold the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and peace and stability in the Middle East, China will work with other parties to play a constructive role in finding a comprehensive, long-term and proper solution to the issue.
天之聪教育
2013-09-11
天之聪教育
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