新华网采访巴拉克∙欧巴马总统的问题清单

President Obama’s Interview with Xinhua News Agency

2014 年11月10 号 

November 10, 2014

总统先生，非常感谢您接受我们的要求，就您即将对中国的访问及与中国主席习近平的峰会做采访。

Mr. President, thanks so much for accepting our request for doing this interview about your upcoming visit to China and the summit meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping.
 

1.今年正值中美外交关系建立35周年，双方都举行了不同形式的活动来庆祝在改善双边关系及其对促进亚太地区和整个世界的和平、稳定与繁荣的贡献方面所取得的历史性成就。您如何评价中美关系的现状？您将要在北京会晤习主席，您对本次峰会有什么期望？

1. This year marks the 35th anniversary of the establishment of the China-U.S. diplomatic relationship, and both sides have held events in different forms to celebrate the historical achievements made in improving the bilateral ties and their contribution to promoting peace, stability and prosperity in the Asia Pacific and world as a whole. What is your assessment of the current state of the China-U.S. relations? As you are going to meet with President Xi in Beijing, what are your expectations for this summit?
 


由于我们两国人民——中国人民和美国人民——的辛勤工作，我们看到我们两国之间的关系和合作，在35年前是不可想象的。我们的劳工、企业家和企业是支持我们两国就业、帮助推动全球经济的巨大贸易关系的支柱。我们的世界知名科学家和研究人员共同携手，开启了新的发现和创新。在我的总统任期内，在美国学习的中国学生比来自其他任何国家的都多，超过10万美国人曾在中国学习过。我的妻子米歇尔及我们的女儿马利亚和萨莎在她们今年早些时候访问中国时，亲身体验了我们两国人民之间的联系。

Thanks to the hard work of both our peoples, Chinese and Americans, we see ties and cooperation between our countries that would have been unthinkable 35 years ago.  Our workers, entrepreneurs and businesses are the backbone of a massive trade relationship that supports jobs in both our nations and helps power the global economy.  Our world-renowned scientists and researchers collaborate together to unlock new discoveries and innovations.  More students from China study in the United States than from any other country, and more than 100,000 Americans have studied in China during my presidency.  My wife, Michelle, and our daughters Malia and Sasha experienced the connections between our peoples for themselves when they visited China earlier this year.
 

正如我在五年前上次访问中国时所说的，我们的公民之间的友谊和合作是我们两国间更广泛关系的基础。当我们进行贸易和一起做生意时，这对我们两国人民来说意味着更多的就业和机会。当我们就安全问题——从朝韩半岛到伊朗——一起努力的时候，我们促进一个更和平安全的世界。当我们携手迎接新挑战的时候——从西非的埃博拉疫情到气候变化——我们可以帮助拯救生命，并为我们的孩子留下一个更美好、更安全的星球。我期待着与习主席会晤，因为这将是一个机会，以加深我们在这些及我们的国家利益重合的其他领域的合作伙伴关系。 

As I discussed during my last visit to China five years ago, the friendship and cooperation between our citizens is the foundation of the broader relationship between our nations.  When we trade and do business together, it means more jobs and opportunity for people in both our countries.  When we work together on security issues—from the Korean Peninsula to Iran—we promote a more peaceful and secure world.  When we partner to meet new challenges—from the Ebola epidemic in West Africa to climate change—we can help save lives and leave a better, safer planet for our children.  I look forward to my meeting with President Xi because it will be an opportunity to deepen our partnerships in these and other areas where the interests of our nations overlap.
 


同时，美国和中国政府就有些问题意见不一致，我希望习主席和我将直接和坦率地讨论这些问题，正如我们过去所做的那样。我将重申我们的信念，即坚持每一个人的普世人权的重要性，这最终使社会更和谐、更成功。我将强调自由公正贸易的重要性，这包括保护商业秘密不被网络窃取。我期待着讨论我们在一个稳定和平亚太的共同利益，包括海事安全及和平解决任何争端的重要性。

At the same time, there are issues where the governments of the United States and China disagree, and I expect that President Xi and will discuss them directly and candidly, as we’ve done in the past.  I will reaffirm our conviction in the importance of upholding the universal human rights of every human being, which ultimately makes societies more harmonious and more successful.  I will stress the importance of trade that is free and fair, including protecting trade secrets from cyber-theft.  And I look forward to discussing our shared interest in an Asia-Pacific that is stable and peaceful, including the importance of maritime security and resolving any disputes peacefully.    

2.去年，您与习主席在卡利佛尼亚的萨尼兰兹举行了历史性峰会，在那里就建设主要国家关系新模式达成了一项重要共识。过去一年，尽管偶尔会出现纷争，但在深化相互合作和管理分歧上已经取得了进展。双方接下来应当采取什么新措施增进战略互信并推进构建中美关系的新模式？ 

2. Last year, you held a historical summit with President Xi at the Sunnylands in California, where an important consensus was reached on building a new model of major-country relationship. Progress has been made in deepening mutual cooperation and management of differences in the past year, despite occasional flaring up of disputes. What kind of new measures should the two sides take next to enhance mutual strategic trust and push forward the construction of the new model of China-U.S. relations?


我很高兴去年有机会在卡利佛尼亚接待习主席，因为它给了我们机会去更好的彼此认识，更清楚地理解双方政府的观点和意图，并探讨我们可以深化合作的领域。我对我们两国关系的”新模式”的愿景是，一种我们在区域和全球范围内在共同利益的领域扩大合作的关系，正如我们建设性地管理我们的分歧和不健康竞争的根源。

I appreciated the chance to host President Xi in California last year because it gave us the opportunity to get to know one another better, to more clearly understand the perspectives and intentions of our governments, and to explore areas where we can deepen our cooperation.  My vision of a “new model” of relations between our countries is one where we expand cooperation in areas of mutual interest, regionally and globally, even as we constructively manage our differences and sources of unhealthy competition. 


正如我多次说过的，美国欢迎一个稳定、繁荣与和平中国的崛起，在地区和全球事务中扮演负责任角色的中国。中国的成功有利于美国，正如美国的领导作用，包括我们在亚太地区稳定的存在和参与，有利于中国。 

As I’ve said many times, the United States welcomes the rise of a China that is stable, prosperous and peaceful and that plays a responsible role in regional and global affairs.  China’s success benefits the United States, just as American leadership, including our stabilizing presence and engagement in the Asia Pacific, benefits China. 
 

这就是为什么我绝对反对美国正试图以某种方式围堵中国的暗示。事实上，最近的几十年来，美国一直积极致力于使中国融入全球经济并扩大我们之间的贸易，这一直是中国的经济增长的重心，并显著改善了人民的生活。我们希望中国和中国人民取得成功，并为全球安全与繁荣做出贡献，因为这对我们所有人有益。

That is why I absolutely reject the suggestion that the United States is trying to somehow contain China.  In fact, over recent decades, the United States has actively worked to integrate China into the global economy and expand trade between us, which has been central to China’s growth and the dramatic improvement the lives of its people.  We want China and the Chinese people to succeed and contribute to global security and prosperity, because it’s good for all of us. 


此外，我坚信我们能避免重复我们已经看到的既有强国和新兴强国之间的破坏性竞争的历史。在我们互联互通的世界里，我们要拒绝那种过时的零和思维，认为一个国家的经济增长或安全必须来自另一个的牺牲。不是的。与此相反，作为主要贸易伙伴，我们两国在对方的成功上都有巨大的利益。所以习主席和我这周可以做的其中一件事就是继续探讨建立信任的途径，这是我们能在诸多问题上合作取得进步的的关键。

Moreover, I firmly believe that we can avoid repeating history where we’ve seen destructive rivalries between existing powers and emerging powers.  In our interconnected world, we have to reject the kind of outdated zero-sum thinking that says one country’s growth or security has to come at the expense of another.  It doesn’t.  On the contrary, as major trade partners, both our countries have a huge stake in the success of each other.  So one of the things President Xi and I can do at this week is continue to explore ways to build the trust that is critical to progress on so many issues where we can work together.  

3.许多国际观察家，包括一些美国学者，已经注意到中国正在根据其实力的增强增加其对国际社会的贡献。您对此有何评论？最近，中国和美国对抗击埃博拉疫情有良好的合作，您在应对地区和全球挑战中期待未来美国与中国有什么合作？

3. Many international observers, including some American scholars, have noticed that China is increasing its contribution to the international community in accordance with its increased strength. Do you have any comments on this?  Recently, China and the U.S. have had good cooperation on fighting the Ebola epidemic, what are your expectations for future U.S. cooperation with China in tackling regional and global challenges?
 

这正是为什么我们欢迎中国在世界事务中扮演更重要和负责任角色的原因之一——中国和中国人民可以做出有利于我们大家的重要贡献。这就是为什么我们欢迎就一系列共同关心的问题与中国合作的机会。作为世界上两个最大的经济体和G-20的成员，我们共同合作促进为我们的人民创造更多就业机会的全球经济增长。作为两个最大的能源消费者和温室气体排放者，我们加深了清洁能源合作伙伴关系，这有助于应对气候变化。

This is precisely one of the reasons why we welcome China playing a greater and responsible role in world affairs—China and its people can make important contributions that benefit us all.  That’s why we’ve welcomed the opportunity to work with China on a whole range of issues of mutual interest.  As the world’s two largest economies and members of the G-20, we work together to promote global economic growth that creates more jobs for our people.  As the two largest energy consumers and emitters of greenhouses gases, we’ve deepened our partnerships in clean energy, which helps combat climate change.


在阿富汗，我们两国在其和平、安全和统一的发展上有共同利益。在非洲之角沿海，我们在打击海盗行为上有共同利益。今天在西非，中国和美国携手并肩应对埃博拉疫情。这些都是真正的、具体的例子表明我们正在做的事情，我知道我们一起可以做甚至更多。

In Afghanistan, both our countries share an interest in the development of a peaceful, secure, and unified state.  Off the Horn of Africa, we share an interest in countering piracy.  Today in West Africa, Chinese and Americans are working shoulder to shoulder to address the Ebola epidemic.  These are real, concrete examples of what we’re doing already, and I know we can do even more together. 
 


4.中国和美国世界上两个最大经济体之间的贸易在过去几十年一直稳步上升，现在年贸易额超过五千二百亿美元。两个国家和人民都从中受益。然而，中美经贸关系仍然受到如货币、市场准入、知识产权、投资保护和贸易保护主义措施等纠纷的影响。在您看来，中美经贸关系的突出问题是什么，应该如何解决这些问题？您期望双方什么时候达成双边投资协议呢？

4. Trade between China and the U.S., the two largest economies in the world, has been increasing steadily in the past decades, with the annual trade volume now exceeding 520 billion US dollars. This has benefited both countries and its peoples. However, the China-U.S. trade and economic ties are still affected by the disputes over issues such as currency, market access, intellectual property rights, investment protection, and trade protectionist measures. In your opinion, what are the outstanding issues in the China-U.S. trade and economic relations, and how should they be resolved? When do you expect the two sides to reach a mutual investment agreement?
 

我们非凡的经贸关系已经使我们两国受益。不断成长的中国是美国出口的一个主要市场，为整个美国支撑着就业机会。中国与包括美国在内的全世界的贸易帮助中国数亿人摆脱了贫困。中国公司正以前所未有的速度成功地在美国投资，在过去的五年中，中国在美直接投资存量上涨了6倍。

Our extraordinary trade and economic relationship has delivered benefits for both our countries. A growing China is a top market for American exports, supporting jobs across the United States.  China’s trade with the world, including the United States, has helped China lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty.  Chinese companies are successfully investing in the United States at unprecedented rates—the stock of Chinese direct investment in the United States rose six-fold over the past five years.
 

我希望继续深化我们的贸易和投资关系，因为这对我们两国人民来说意味着更多就业机会。但要做到这一点，我们需要着手解决一些关键问题。需要有一个公平竞争的环境，在该环境中，在中国的外国公司——包括美国公司——可以与中国公司公平竞争。我们希望中国加强对知识产权的保护，制止为获取商业利益的基于网络的商业秘密盗窃，更快捷地批准对农业贸易至为关键的生物技术产品。我们继续敦促中国迈向更加以市场决定的汇率。我期待着与习主席讨论这些问题，以及中国的关切和想法。


I would like to continue deepening our trade and investment ties because it would mean even more jobs and opportunity for both our peoples.  But to do so, we will need to address a number of critical issues.  There needs to be a level playing field on which foreign companies in China, including American companies, can compete fairly with Chinese companies.  We are looking to China to strengthen its protection of intellectual property rights, stop the cyber-enabled theft of trade secrets for commercial gain, and more quickly approve the biotechnology products that are critical to agricultural trade.  We continue to urge China to move to a more market-determined exchange rate.  I look forward to discussing these issues—as well as China’s concerns and ideas—with President Xi. 


在此背景下，我们的峰会也将是一个机会，从而推进雄心勃勃的双边投资条约。我强烈支持这些谈判，我欢迎中国严肃认真地对待这些会谈。我的团队已经准备好以中国希望的速度快速工作，但我们应该要大胆，并协商出只有少量、有限并且透明的例外的高标准协议。

In this context, our summit will also be an opportunity make progress toward an ambitious bilateral investment treaty.  I strongly support these negotiations, and I welcome China’s serious approach to these talks.  My team is ready to work as rapidly as China is willing to go, but we ought to be bold and negotiate a high-standard agreement with narrow, limited, and transparent exceptions.
 


5.我们知道，打击ISIL是当前您的政府的首要任务之一。中国也面对如“东伊运”恐怖运动的威胁。恐怖主义已经成为一个需要所有国家共同努力应对的全球性挑战。中国和美国应该做什么以在反恐领域进行更有效的合作？

5. As we know, fighting the ISIL is currently one of the top priorities for your administration. China is also facing threat from terror movements such as the Eastern Turkestan Islamic Movement. Terrorism has become a global challenge that requires all nations' joint efforts to deal with. What should China and the U.S. do to have more effective cooperation in the sphere of fighting terrorism?


美国反对所有形式的恐怖主义。没有什么能给故意杀害无辜平民以正当理由。ISIL对伊拉克、叙利亚、中东地区的人们构成威胁，如果不加以抑制，对国际社会也构成威胁。我知道这也是中国的担心，因为成千上万的中国人在伊拉克工作。如今美国正在领导一个广泛的国际联盟以削弱并最终摧毁ISIL。

The United States opposes terrorism in all of its forms.  Nothing justifies the deliberate killing of innocent civilians.  ISIL poses a threat to the people of Iraq, Syria, the Middle East and, if unchecked, a threat to the international community.  I know that this is also a concern to China because of the thousands of Chinese who work in Iraq.  Today, the United States is leading a broad international coalition to degrade and ultimately destroy ISIL.
 


我对最近发生在昆明、乌鲁木齐和中国其他地方的恐怖行为感到震惊，对受害者和他们的家人我致以我最深切的慰问和美国人民的同情。作为一个丈夫和一个父亲，我无法想像这些家庭失去至亲的悲痛。象东伊运这样的恐怖组织不应该被允许在中国周边不受控制的领域建立一个避风港。

I was appalled by the recent acts of terror in Kunming and Urumqi and elsewhere in China, and I extend my deepest condolences, and the sympathies of the American people, to the victims and their families.  As a husband and a father, I cannot even begin to imagine the grief of these families who lost a loved one.  Terrorist groups like ETIM should not be allowed to establish a safe haven in ungoverned areas along China’s periphery.  

鉴于这些原因，我认为反恐是我们两国可以加强合作的一个领域。我们可以在一些特定的领域一起工作，例如阻止外国恐怖主义战士流动和打击恐怖主义融资网络。

For all these reasons, I believe that counter-terrorism is an area where our two nations could strengthen our cooperation.  There are specific areas where we could work together, for example in stemming the flow of foreign terrorist fighters and cracking down on terrorist funding networks. 
 

但是我们两国之间加强合作也将取决于中国在国内采取的行动。作为国家，我们不能混淆暴力极端主义与和平异议。恐怖分子常常设法利用合法的地方恩怨，这些必须建设性地被解决。如果不能平等待人，或尊重法治和保护普世权利，有时会把某些人推入恐怖组织的行列。同样，维护这些权利和法治往往成为打击恐怖主义的最有效的长期武器之一，就像他们是一个国家的长期经济增长、繁荣和稳定的至关重要的成分。

But greater cooperation between our countries will also depend upon the actions that China takes at home.  As nations, we cannot confuse violent extremism with peaceful dissent.  Terrorists often try to exploit legitimate local grievances, which must be addressed constructively.  A failure to treat people equally or respect the rule of law or protect universal rights can sometimes push certain people into the ranks of terrorist groups.  Likewise, upholding these rights and the rule of law can often be one of the most effective long-term weapons against terrorism, just as they are vital ingredients to a nation’s long-term growth, prosperity, and stability. 

6.在即将举行的亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议期间，中国和美国如何合作来促进亚太地区的和平、稳定与繁荣?您希望今年的APEC会议将在深化区域经济一体化,实现促进经济增长和促进繁荣方面取得什么样的成就? 

6. During the upcoming APEC leaders' informal meetings, how can China and the U.S. cooperate to promote peace, stability and prosperity in the Asian-Pacific region? What kind of achievements do you hope this year's APEC meetings will achieve in deepening regional economic integration, spurring growth and promoting prosperity?

我感谢习主席和中国主办这次APEC（亚太经合）峰会，我知道其他领导人和我一样感谢中国人民出名的好客。我赞赏中国借今年APEC之机关注我们的经济体能做些什么使我们的经济继续更加紧密地联系在一起, 减少贸易、投资和创造就业机会方面的壁垒。

I thank President Xi and China for hosting this APEC summit and I know that my fellow leaders and I will be greeted with the hospitality for which the Chinese people are known.  I commend China for using this year as APEC host to focus on what our
 economies can do to continue bringing our economies closer together and reducing the barriers that stand in the way of trade, investment and creating jobs.
 

今年，我们的工作包括贸易便利化，监管透明度，反腐败，能源效率和扩大女性在经济中的作用的进一步努力。自2006年以来,我们两国一直在为亚太自由贸易区的终极目标而努力，而APEC确定了各种通向亚太自由贸易区(FTAAP)的途径。其中一个途径就是跨太平洋伙伴关系，其中包括12个国家，包括美国，它们共同代表了近40％的全球经济。一旦完成，TPP（跨太平洋伙伴关系）对于成员国将意味着更大的贸易、投资和就业，一个使企业可以竞争、高标准保护劳工、环境和知识产权的公平竞争环境。我有信心我们可以完成TPP, 它将对可以达到高标准的国家保持开放。

This year our work has included further efforts on trade facilitation, regulatory transparency, anti-corruption, energy efficiency and expanding the role of women in the economy.  Since 2006, our nations have worked toward the ultimate goal of a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific, and APEC has identified a variety of pathways that could lead to a FTAAP.  One of those pathways is the Trans-Pacific Partnership, which includes 12 nations—including the United States—that together represent nearly 40 percent of the global economy.  Once complete, TPP will mean greater trade, investment and jobs for its member countries, a level playing field on which companies can compete, and high standards that protect workers, the environment and intellectual property.  I’m confident we can get TPP done, and it will remain open to countries that can meet its high standards.


总统先生，再次感谢您接受我们的采访。祝您有一个非常愉快和富有成果的中国之旅。

Thanks again for accepting our interview, Mr. President. Wish you a very pleasant and fruitful trip to China!

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