第一部分

英译汉试题一

Offshore supply vessels resembling large, floating flat-backed trucks fill Victoria Dock, unable to find charters in a sign of the downturn in Britain's oil industry.

With UK North Sea oil and gas production 44 percent below its peak, self-styled oil capital of Europe Aberdeen fears the slowdown is not simply cyclical.

The oil industry that at one stage sparked talk of Scotland as "the Kuwait of the West" has already outlived most predictions.

Tourism, life sciences, and the export of oil services around the world are among Aberdeen's targeted substitutes for North sea oil and gas -- but for many the biggest prize would be to use its offshore oil expertise to build a renewable energy industry as big as oil.

The city aims to use its experience to become a leader in offshore wind, tidal power and carbon dioxide capture and storage.

Alex Salmond, head of the devolved Scottish government, told a conference in Aberdeen last month the market for wind power could be worth 130 billion pounds, while Scotland could be the "Saudi Arabia of tidal power."

"We're seeing the emergence of an offshore energy market that is comparable in scale to the market we've seen in offshore oil and gas in the last 40 years," he said.

Another area of focus, tourism, has previously been hindered by the presence of oil. Eager to put Aberdeen on the international tourist map, local business has strongly backed a plan by U.S. real estate tycoon Donald Trump for a luxury housing and golf project 12 km (8 miles) north of the city, even though it means building on a nature reserve.

The city also hopes to reorientate its vibrant oil services industry toward emerging offshore oil centers such as Brazil. "Just because the production in the North Sea starts to decline doesn't mean that Aberdeen as a global center also declines," said Robert Collier, Chamber of Commerce Chief Executive. "That expertise can still stay here and be exported around the world."

天之聪网校参考译文：

维多利亚港到处停泊着近海补给船，这些酷似巨型卡车的平底庞然大物漂浮在水上等待出租，却无人问津，从侧面反映了英国石油产业已然陷入衰退。

阿伯丁市自称“欧洲石油之都”。现如今北海油气产量相比峰值下降了44%，不由令人担心此番下滑绝非周期性衰退那么简单。

阿伯丁的石油工业发展曾经如日中天，人们也每每将苏格兰比作是“西方科威特”。不过，有人曾经指出该地区石油工业的蓬勃发展态势不会持续太久，阿伯丁的石油工业能撑到今天已经超出了多数人的预料。

随着北海油气产量的持续下滑，阿伯丁也不得不寻找替代产业，旅游业、生命科技、与石油工业相关的服务外包等都在考虑之列。但是，许多人认为最理想的产业转型是，充分利用当地近海石油开采的丰富经验和优势，逐步建立起规模堪比石油工业的可再生能源产业。

阿伯丁市政府希望充分利用上述经验和优势，逐步树立在近海风能和潮汐能发电、碳捕获与碳封存领域的世界领先地位。

苏格兰首席部长亚历克斯•萨蒙德上月在阿伯丁举行的一次会议上演讲时称，风能市场规模可达1300亿英镑，而苏格兰潮汐能发电潜力巨大，堪比“潮汐能领域的沙特阿拉伯”。

他说，“过去四十年来，我们的近海油气市场规模着实令人惊叹，现如今，一个规模相当的近海能源市场正逐步形成。”

过去，旅游业受到当地石油工业的影响，毫无起色，现在逐渐受到当局的重视。美国房产大亨唐纳德•特朗普计划在阿伯丁市以北12公里处开发一个带有高尔夫球场的高档住宅项目，不过该项目会占用当地的一片自然保护区。尽管如此，一心想把阿伯丁打造成为世界级旅游胜地的当地工商界仍然鼎力支持该开发项目。

阿伯丁市政府同时希望对蓬勃发展的油田服务业进行重新定位，把外包目标转向巴西等新兴近海石油开采中心。当地商会会长罗伯特•科利尔说，“北海油气产量下滑并不等于说阿伯丁全球石油中心的地位也在下降。我们的经验和优势仍在，可以大力发展近海油田服务外包。”

英译汉试题二

We mark the passing of 800 years, and that is indeed a remarkable span for any institution. But history is never an even-flowing stream, and the most remarkable thing about modern Cambridge has been its enormous growth over the past half century. Since I came up as an undergraduate in 1961 the student population has more than doubled. More students have meant more teachers, and, even more significantly, more scholars devoted solely to research: every category has more than doubled in numbers. This huge increase has been partly absorbed by an expansion of the colleges: they all have more students and more Fellows than they did 50 years ago; and, since 1954, no fewer than 11 of the 31 colleges are either brand new foundations, or have been conjured up as new creations from existing but quite different bodies.

From being a university primarily driven by undergraduate education, Cambridge's reputation is now overwhelmingly tied to its research achievements, which can be simply represented by the fact that more than three-quarters of its current annual income is devoted to research. This has brought not just new laboratories but new buildings to house whole faculties and departments: in the mid-20th century few faculties had a physical manifestation beyond, perhaps, a library and a couple of administrative offices.

Cambridge attracts the best students and academics because they find the University and the colleges stimulating and enjoyable places in which to live and work. The students are thrown in with similarly able minds, learning as much from each other as from their teachers; the good senior academics know better than to be too hierarchical or to cut themselves off from intellectual criticism and debate.

One generation dismisses another: not even Erasmus or Newton, Darwin or Keynes stand unscathed by the passage of time; nor can we be but humbled, especially in our day when so much information is so easily accessible, by the vast store of knowledge which we can approach but never really control. Our library and museum collections bring us into contact with many lives lived in the past. They serve as symbols of the continuity of learning, or the diversity of views, of an obligation to wrestle with fact and argument, to come to our own conclusions, and in turn to be accountable for our findings. The real quest is not for knowledge, but for understanding.

天之聪网校参考译文：

今天，我们迎来了剑桥800周年纪念日，对于任何一个机构而言，800年都不是须臾瞬间，不由令人惊叹。不过，历史从来就不是一条静静流淌的小溪/历史纵是一条溪涧，也总有涟漪波澜。纵观剑桥，过去半个世纪以来的迅猛发展无疑是近代剑桥最生动的写照。我1961年进入剑桥学习，与那时相比，剑桥今天的学生数量翻了一番还多。随着学生数量的快速增加，各个学院也在不断扩张，现在每个学院的学生和教师数量都已超过五十年前；自1954年起，至少有11所新学院在剑桥诞生，有的是新建的，有的则是原有学院合并形成的。今天的剑桥已经拥有31所学院。

剑桥过去是一所教学型大学，如今已是一所赫赫有名的研究型大学，学校年收入的至少四分之三用于研究。作为研究型大学，剑桥新建了实验室和教学大楼，为各系全体师生提供了充足的教研场所。而就在上世纪中叶，一个图书馆和几个行政办公室就是剑桥的全部，绝大部分老师都没有立身之所。

剑桥之所以能吸引最优秀的学生和师资，在于其催人奋进的良好氛围以及愉快惬意的工作、生活环境。能进入剑桥的学生个个聪颖，思维敏捷，在这里，除了老师传道授业解惑外，学生们也相互比学赶帮；剑桥的老师也都为人师表，毫无架子，勇于接受学术批评，乐于与学生展开辩论。

剑桥送走了一代又一代莘莘学子，人才辈出，甚至连伊拉斯姆斯、牛顿、达尔文抑或凯恩斯等这些鼎鼎大名也难抵岁月的涤荡。当今时代，信息获取易如反掌，我们可以接触到海量的知识但却永远无法真正掌控知识，我们绝不能为此气馁，徒增无措之感。我们通过图书馆和博物馆的馆藏了解到前辈们的轶事伟绩，是他们使知识得以传承，是他们倡导学术争鸣。从他们身上我们认识到，身为学者，必须以实为据进行辩论，进而得出自己的结论，同时，也必须对自己的结论负责，解疑释惑。人们真正探求的并非知识本身，而是对知识的理解。

第二部分（缺）随附2005年5月考试汉译英真题

必译题

矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。  

过去50年，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。

中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略的重要内容。

中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家。中国主要依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要。同时，中国又积极引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源，利用国外市场与国外矿产资源，并努力推动中国矿山企业和矿产品进入国际市场。

官方参考译文：

Mineral resources are an important part of natural resources and an important material foundation for the development of human society.  

China is one of the first countries in the world to develop and utilize resources.

Over the past five decades, China has made great achievements in the survey and development of its mineral resources. This has provided an important guarantee for the sustained, rapid and sound development of the Chinese economy.

The Chinese Government attaches great importance to sustainable development and the rational utilization of mineral resources. It has made sustainable development a national strategy and the protection of resources an important part of this strategy.

China is a developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources. It depends mainly on the exploitation of its own mineral resources to meet the needs of its modernization program. Meanwhile, it has made energetic efforts to introduce foreign capital and technology to exploit its own resources, make use of foreign markets and foreign mineral resources, and strive to help its own mining enterprises and mineral products to enter the international market.

天之聪网校参考译文：

Mineral resources constitute part and parcel of natural wealth and serve as a fundamental basis/underpinner for human development. (a physical driver for …) China represents one of the earliest mineral exploiters in the world./ China has one of the longest histories of mineral resource exploitation in the world.

The remarkable achievements China has made in mineral exploration and exploitation over the past 5 decades have helped secure/contributed a great deal to sound, strong and sustained economic growth of the country.  

The Chinese government gives high priority to/puts a high premium on sustainability and rational utilization of mineral resources. Sustainable development has been identified as a national strategy while resource conservation has been put high on the strategic agenda. // The Chinese government has identified sustainable development as a national strategy and made resource conservation an important part of it.

As a developing country with a large population and relative inadequacy/insufficiency/scarcity of resources, China remains reliant largely on domestic mineral supply to meet huge demand as its modernization drive moves ahead. At the same time, China is bringing in capital and sophisticated technologies from outside of the country to help tap its own mineral wealth. While China looks overseas for markets and mineral resources, it also encourages homegrown mining operators and products to go global/establish international market presence.  

选译题一

众所周知，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿不能走。但对尹小星而言，鸟无翅膀不能飞，人无双腿却能走！

1970年出生于江苏一户农民家庭的尹小星，出生仅8个月就患小儿麻痹症并发急性肺炎。虽然最终保住了命，他却再也不能站立。因为身体残疾，初中毕业后小星不得不辍学。生存的压力对他来说显得格外沉重，他贩过水果，养过鸡，还下功夫学习过中医。

在他21岁的时候，这个年轻人竟怀揣一幅地图，手持一个指南针，摇着轮椅踏上了走遍全中国的艰难路途。

近21年来小星手摇轮椅，足迹遍布31省、市、自治区，行程7万多公里，用坏了4部轮椅。他实现了徒手攀登泰山、华山、衡山等20多座名山，孤身翻越海拔5231米的唐古拉山，手摇轮椅走过丝绸之路，穿越塔克拉玛干（Taklimakan）大沙漠，徒手攀登上海东方明珠电视塔，圆满完成从沙漠到香港的旅行。

官方参考译文：

As everyone knows, birds cannot fly without wings and a person cannot walk without legs. But for Yin Xiaoxing, while birds cannot fly without wings, a person can walk even without legs!

Born in 1970 into a farmer’s family in Jiangsu Province, Yin Xiaoxing suffered from polio and acute pneumonia at the age of only eight months. He survived but lost the ability to stand on his feet. Because of his disability, Xiaoxing had to give up his study after junior middle school. The burden of life seemed to be especially heavy for him. He tried to make a living by selling fruits, raising chickens and taking pains to learn traditional Chinese medicine.

At the age of 21, this young man, with a map and a compass in hand, embarked on the hard journey of traveling around China in his wheelchair.

n the last 12 years, Yin Xiaoxing traveled a total of 70,000 kilometers in his wheelchair and left his footprints in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. During this period, he wore out four wheelchairs. He left a trail of human records including climbing more than 20 famous mountains like Mont Tai, Mount Hua and Mount Heng with his hands, crossing the 5,231-meter-high Mount Tanggula alone, traveling along the Silk Road in wheelchair, crossing the Taklimakan Desert, getting to the top of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower in Shanghai with his hands, and completing the journey from the desert to Hong Kong.

天之聪网校参考译文：

Everybody knows that man can’t walk without legs, just as birds can’t fly without wings. For Yin Xiaoxing, however, this makes sense no more. Born in 1970 into a farmer’s family in Jiangsu province, Xiaoxing developed polio complicated by acute pneumonia when he was only 8 months into the world. Thankfully, his life was saved, but he was declared unable to stand on his own feet. Xiaoxing managed to finish junior school but had to discontinue his study due to his state of disability. To simply make a living turned out to be overwhelming for Xiaoxing. He first ran a fruit stand, then started a chicken farm and later took the trouble to pick up traditional Chinese medicine as a trade.

At the age of 21, Xiaoxing embarked on a painstaking journey with an ambition to travel across China in his wheelchair. The defiant lad set out with nothing but a map and a compass. The past nearly 21 years have seen Xiaoxing travel over 70,000 kilometers to all 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the land at the cost of four wheelchairs. He made it to the top of over 20 famous mountains in China, including Mount Tai, Mount Hua and Mount Heng, all barehanded. He managed to surmount the 5231-meter-high summit of Nyenchen Tanglha mountains alone. He traveled along the Silk Road and across the Taklimakan Desert in his wheelchair. He also climbed atop the Shanghai Oriental pearl TV tower without help. He sustained all the ordeal to complete a long-winding journey from desert to Hong Kong.  

选译题二

长城是世界一大奇迹。现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。

中国人修筑城墙的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期。历史上，中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到6700公里。在当时，中国技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。

清朝建立后，由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族，他们觉得没有必要继续修筑长城。不过，清政府还是颁布法令对长城进行保护，禁止拆砖。但是，岁月的流逝和连续战乱使人们易到之处遭到了严重的破坏。

十几年来，蓬勃发展的旅游业促进了长城的修缮工程。目前，多处长城已经修复，或正在修缮中。

官方参考译文：

The Great Wall is a wonder of the world. Now, millions of people journey to the Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy seasons.

The Chinese have a long history of building walls, dating from the Warring States period. In history, about 20 walls were built, with the wall constructed during the Ming Dynasty being the longest, extending 6,700 km. China was the most technologically advanced nation in the world then, so the wall was also the most sophisticated in structure. It was built to ward off the invasion of nomads from the north.

After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, since its founders were themselves nomads, they did not see a need to continue with wall building. Nonetheless, the Qing government did institute a law to preserve the wall, banning the removal of bricks from it. But, the impact of time and continuous wars have left the wall greatly damaged in its most accessible sections.

Over the past 10-plus years, the booming tourist industry has stimulated the Great wall’s renovation project. Now, many of its sections have been or are being revamped.

天之聪网校参考译文：

As one of the world wonders, the Great Wall welcomes millions of tourist arrivals each year. Some of its best-known sections are always packed with hordes of tourists during peak seasons.

As far back as the Warring States Period, the Chinese people started to build city walls. Of roughly 20 walls ever built in Chinese history, the longest is the one built in the Ming dynasty, stretching 6700 kilometers. The Great Wall of the Ming dynasty also represents the most sophisticated of all，as China led the world in building technology back then. Sections of the Ming structure were built as a way to defend the empire against intrusions by nomadic tribes in the north.

The imperial court of the Qing dynasty, founded by a nomadic tribe itself, found it unnecessary to add more to the defense works, but decreed that bricks in the Wall be protected from dismantling. Yet readily accessible parts of the Wall were subject to natural aging and incessant wars and conflicts, ending up in severe damage and destruction. Over the past dozen years, flourishing tourism has bolstered efforts to restore parts of the Great Wall. At the moment, many sections of it are in or under repair.