全面把握中国特色社会主义进入新时代

Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Has Entered a New Era: A Comprehensive Analysis

栗战书

Li Zhanshu

中国特色社会主义进入了新时代，这是党的十九大作出的一个重大政治判断。这一判断，明确了我国发展新的历史方位，赋予党的历史使命、理论遵循、目标任务以新的时代内涵，为我们深刻把握当代中国发展变革的新特征，增强贯彻落实习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的自觉性和坚定性，提供了时代坐标和科学依据。

A major political determination was announced at the 19th National Congress of the CPC: socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. This specifies the new historical juncture in China’s development, endowing the Party’s historic mission, theoretical guideline, goals, and tasks with new currency. It also identifies the temporal context and scientific basis that enable us to fully appreciate the new features of contemporary China’s development and reform, and apply Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in a more purposeful and determined manner.

一、中国特色社会主义进入新时代的基本依据

I. Basic evidence that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era

中国共产党是顺应时代潮流诞生的，也是在把握时代脉搏的历史进程中发展、壮大和成熟的。在当代中国，坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，必须把握时代特点、直面时代课题，在体现时代性、把握规律性、富于创造性中不断展现蓬勃的生机活力。中国特色社会主义进入了新时代这一重大政治判断，正是在准确把握我国发展所处新的历史方位基础上作出的，具有充分的时代依据、理论依据和实践依据。

The CPC was born in response to the trend of the times; its development, growth, and maturation have also been in conformity with the trend of the times. In today’s China, to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is essential that we understand the peculiarities of the current era and confront contemporary issues, so that Chinese socialism will continue to show strong vitality while embodying the spirit of the times, reflecting a mastery of the laws of development, and demonstrating creativity. With an accurate grasp of this new historical juncture in China’s development, our Party has made the major political determination that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, a determination with solid temporal, theoretical, and practical underpinnings.

这一判断首先基于中国特色社会主义进入新的发展阶段。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央科学把握国内外发展大势，顺应实践要求和人民愿望，以巨大的政治勇气和强烈的责任担当，举旗定向、谋篇布局，迎难而上、开拓进取，取得改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的历史性成就，推动党和国家事业发生历史性变革。这些变革力度之大、范围之广、效果之显著、影响之深远，在党的历史上、在新中国发展史上、在中华民族发展史上都具有开创性意义。这表明，在新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来我国发展取得的重大成就基础上，我国发展站到新的历史起点上，中国特色社会主义进入新的发展阶段。这个新的发展阶段，既同改革开放近40年来的发展一脉相承，又有很多与时俱进的新特征，比如党的理论创新实现了新飞跃，党的执政方式和执政方略有重大创新，党推动发展的理念和方式有重大转变，我国发展的环境和条件有重大变化，对发展水平和质量的要求比以往更高，等等。科学认识和全面把握中国特色社会主义新的发展阶段，需要从新的历史方位、新的时代坐标来思考来谋划。

First, this determination is based on the fact that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new stage of development.

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core has accurately understood major development trends at home and abroad, and acted in line with practical needs and the people’s wishes. With great political courage and a strong sense of responsibility, the Central Committee has set the direction, made overall plans, and braved challenges with a pioneering spirit. On this basis, it has made historic achievements in reform, opening-up, and socialist modernization, and propelled historic changes in the undertakings of the Party and the country. The high intensity, wide scope, marked effect, and far-reaching impact of these changes are unprecedented in the history of the CPC, the history of the development of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and the history of the development of the Chinese nation. On the basis of the major achievements made in China’s development since the founding of the PRC in 1949, especially those made since reform and opening-up, it is clear that China’s development has come to a new historical starting point and that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new stage of development. This new stage of development not only runs in continuity with the nearly 40 years of reform and opening-up, but also incorporates many new features of contemporary relevance. For example, it incorporates new breakthroughs in the Party’s theoretical innovations, major innovations in the Party’s methods and principles of governance, major shifts in the principles and models the Party uses to drive development, major changes in the environment and conditions in which China’s development takes place, and higher demands regarding the level and quality of development. In order to correctly understand and fully engage with the new stage of development at which socialism with Chinese characteristics finds itself, we need to make considerations and plans in light of this new historical juncture and temporal context.

这一判断基于我国社会主要矛盾发生了新变化。党的十九大提出，我国社会主要矛盾已经由人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾，转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。这个论断，反映了我国发展的实际状况，揭示了制约我国发展的症结所在，指明了解决当代中国发展问题的根本着力点。经过改革开放近40年努力，我国稳定解决了十几亿人的温饱问题，总体上实现了小康，不久将全面建成小康社会，人民美好生活需要日益广泛，不仅对物质文化生活提出了更高要求，而且在民主、法治、公平、正义、安全、环境等方面的要求日益增长。同时，我国社会生产力水平显著提高，社会生产能力在很多方面进入世界前列，当前和今后面临的突出问题是发展不平衡不充分。发展不平衡，主要指各区域各领域各方面发展不够平衡，制约了全国水平的提升；发展不充分，主要指一些地区、一些领域、一些方面还存在发展不足的问题，发展的任务仍然很重。这已经成为满足人民美好生活需要的主要制约因素。我国社会主要矛盾发生变化，对我国发展全局必将产生广泛而深刻的影响。科学认识和全面把握我国社会主要矛盾的变化，也需要从新的历史方位、新的时代坐标来思考来谋划。

Second, this determination is based on the evolution of the principal contradiction in Chinese society.

At the 19th National Congress, it was stated that the principal contradiction in Chinese society, which used to be that between the people’s ever-growing material and cultural needs and backward social production, has evolved into that between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. Regarding China’s development, this statement reflects its realities, reveals its major constraining factors, and identifies the fundamental priorities it faces today. After nearly 40 years of reform and opening-up, China has ensured the basic needs of over a billion people have been met, has basically made it possible for people to make a decent living, and will soon become a moderately prosperous society. Meanwhile, the people have increasingly broad needs to be met for a better life. Not only have they voiced growing material and cultural needs; they also have increased demands regarding democracy, rule of law, fairness and justice, security, and the environment. At the same time, China’s overall productive forces have significantly improved and in many areas the country’s production capacity leads the world. At present and into the future, a prominent problem we need to address is that of unbalanced and inadequate development. Unbalanced development refers to developmental imbalances between different regions, sectors of society, and aspects of those sectors, which have restrained China’s overall development; inadequate development refers to the problem that development in some regions, sectors of society, and aspects of those sectors lags behind, and that much work remains to be done with regard to development. These have become major obstacles to meeting the people’s needs for a better life. The evolution of the principal contradiction in Chinese society will undoubtedly exert an extensive and profound influence on China’s overall development. In order to correctly understand and fully engage with the evolution of the principal contradiction in Chinese society, we also need to make considerations and plans in light of this new historical juncture and temporal context.

这一判断同时基于党的奋斗目标有了新要求。从党的十九大到党的二十大，是“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史交汇期，我们既要全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标，又要乘势而上开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，向第二个百年奋斗目标进军，使命光荣、责任重大，有必要进一步进行顶层设计和精心谋划。党的十九大综合分析国际国内形势和我国发展条件，对决胜全面建成小康社会提出明确要求，将实现第二个百年奋斗目标分为两个阶段安排。从2020年到2035年，在全面建成小康社会基础上，再奋斗15年，基本实现社会主义现代化；在基本实现现代化的基础上再奋斗15年，到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。这是新时代中国特色社会主义发展的战略安排，不仅使实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的路线图、时间表更加清晰，而且意味着原定的我国基本实现现代化的目标将提前15年完成，第二个百年奋斗目标则充实提升为把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。科学认识和把握这一既鼓舞人心又切实可行的奋斗目标、宏伟新蓝图，同样需要从新的历史方位、新的时代坐标来思考来谋划。

Third, this determination is also based on a reassessment of the Party’s goals.

The period between the 19th and the 20th national congresses is the period in which the timeframes of the “Two Centenary Goals” converge. In this period, not only must we achieve the first centenary goal of becoming a moderately prosperous society; we must also build on this achievement to embark on a new journey toward the second centenary goal of becoming a modern socialist country. This glorious mission and weighty responsibility require further top-level design and meticulous planning. The 19th National Congress conducted a thorough analysis of the international and domestic situations as well as of the conditions in which China’s development is taking place, and outlined specific requirements for securing a decisive victory in becoming a moderately prosperous society, and divided the second centenary goal into two stages. In the first stage from 2020 to 2035, building on the foundation created by the moderately prosperous society, we will work hard for a further 15 years to see that socialist modernization is basically realized; in the second stage from 2035 to the middle of the 21st century, building on having basically achieved modernization, we will work hard for a further 15 years and see that China develops into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. This is our strategic plan for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics for the new era. It not only identifies a clearer road map and timetable for realizing the “Two Centenary Goals,” but also indicates that China’s original goal of basically achieving modernization will be reached 15 years ahead of schedule, and that the second centenary goal has been enriched and upgraded to developing China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. In order to correctly understand and engage with this inspiring and feasible goal and this grand, new blueprint, we also need to make considerations and plans in light of this new historical juncture and temporal context.

这一判断还基于我国面临的国际环境发生了新变化。世界正处于大发展大变革大调整时期，我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期，前景十分光明，挑战也十分严峻。我国正处在从大国走向强国的关键时期，“树大招风”效应日益显现，外部环境更加复杂，一些国家和国际势力对我们的阻遏、忧惧、施压有所增大，这同样是需要面对的重大问题。现在，我国发展同外部世界的交融性、关联性、互动性不断增强，中国正日益走近世界舞台中央。作出中国特色社会主义进入新时代的判断，也充分考量了国际局势和周边环境的新变化。

Fourth, this determination is based on the new changes in the international environment that China faces.

The world is in a period of major development, transformation, and adjustment, and China’s development is still in an important period of strategic opportunity; the prospects are bright, but the challenges are severe. China is at the crucial stage of its transformation from being a large country to becoming a strong one, and this transformation increasingly brings with it the phenomenon whereby success invites detraction. China is confronted with a more complex external environment in which some countries and international forces have become increasingly apprehensive about China, or attempt to contain or coerce it; this is also a major issue that we need to face. China’s development is increasingly integrated, interrelated, and interactive with the outside world, and China is moving closer to center stage. To conclude that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, we have also given full consideration to the new changes in the international situation and our neighboring environment.

总体来说，中国特色社会主义进入了新时代这一重大政治判断，是在科学把握时代趋势和国际局势重大变化，科学把握世情国情党情深刻变化，科学把握实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标历史交汇期已经遇到、将要遇到、可能遇到和难以预料的新情况新问题新矛盾基础上作出的。这一判断，符合中国特色社会主义实际，是改革开放以来我国社会发展进步的必然结果，是我国社会主要矛盾运动的必然结果，更是党的十八大之后5年来全党全国人民推进党和国家事业发生历史性变革的必然结果，也是我们党团结带领全国各族人民开创光明未来的必然要求。

Generally speaking, the major political determination that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era is made on the basis of accurately grasping three key changes. First are the major changes in contemporary trends and in the international situation. Second are the profound developments globally, nationally, and within the Party. Last are the new situations, issues, and conflicts that have been, will be, or might be encountered, or that are unpredictable during the period when we work to realize the “Two Centenary Goals.” This determination conforms to the realities of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is the consequent outcome of China’s social progress since reform and opening-up, of the movement of the principal contradiction in Chinese society, and of the historic changes in the undertakings of the Party and the country in the five years following the 18th National Congress; it is also essential for our Party’s efforts to unite all Chinese people and lead them to a bright future.

二、中国特色社会主义进入新时代的主要内涵

II. Major implications of Chinese socialism’s entrance into a new era

中国特色社会主义进入了新时代这一重大政治判断，既不是凭空产生的，更不是一个简单的新概念表述，而是具有丰富深厚思想内涵的。

The major political determination that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era has neither emerged out of thin air, nor is it a simplistic new concept. Rather, it contains rich and profound ideas.

这个新时代，是承前启后、继往开来、在新的历史条件下继续夺取中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的时代。中国特色社会主义是党和人民96年来奋斗、创造、积累的根本成就。特别是改革开放以来，我们党带领人民走中国特色社会主义道路，极大激发了中国人民的创造力，极大解放和发展了社会生产力，极大增强了社会活力，极大提升了我国国际地位，党的面貌、国家的面貌、人民的面貌、军队的面貌、中华民族的面貌发生了前所未有的变化，社会主义在中国展现出强大生命力。邓小平同志上个世纪80年代曾经指出：“最终说服不相信社会主义的人要靠我们的发展。如果我们本世纪内达到了小康水平，那就可以使他们清醒一点；到下世纪中叶我们建成中等发达水平的社会主义国家时，就会大进一步地说服他们”。在中国特色社会主义新时代，我们党治国理政第一位的任务，就是紧紧围绕坚持和发展中国特色社会主义这个主题，团结带领人民奋力实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标，谱写中国特色社会主义新的伟大篇章，让社会主义在中国展现出更加强大的生命力。

First, this new era will be an era of building on past successes to further advance our cause, and of continuing in a new historical context to strive for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the fundamental achievement that our Party and people have made through 96 years of struggle, creation, and accumulation. Especially since reform and opening-up, our Party has led the people in following the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, thus unleashing the creativity of our people, unlocking and developing productive forces, and significantly enhancing the vitality of our society and the international standing of our country. As a result, unprecedented changes have taken place in the very face of the CPC, the country, the people, the military, and the nation, and socialism in China has displayed strong vitality. Deng Xiaoping pointed out in the 1980s, “Only our achievements in economic development can eventually convince those who do not believe in socialism. If we can become comparatively prosperous by the end of this century, they will be partly convinced, and when we have turned China into a moderately developed socialist country by the middle of the next century, they will be completely convinced.” In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the number one task of our Party in governing the country is to unite the people and lead them in achieving the “Two Centenary Goals” with a firm commitment to upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, in a bid to write a new, monumental chapter of Chinese socialism and allow socialism in China to display even stronger vitality.

这个新时代，是决胜全面建成小康社会、进而全面建设社会主义现代化强国的时代。党的十九大围绕实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标，对经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和生态文明建设等提出明确要求，思想含量、政治含量、改革含量都很大，具有很强的战略性、前瞻性、针对性。到2020年如期全面建成小康社会，是我们党向人民、向历史作出的庄严承诺，完成这个目标，今后还有不少难关要过。从现在到2020年，是全面建成小康社会决胜期，决胜就是冲锋号、就是总动员，必须举全党全国之力不懈奋斗。全面建设社会主义现代化强国，是第二个百年奋斗目标，更有不少难关要过。从世界发展史看，已经实现现代化的国家和地区，其现代化大多经历了产业革命以来近300年时间才逐步完成的，而我国要用100年时间走完发达国家几百年走过的现代化路程，这种转变不但速度、规模超乎寻常，变化的广度、深度和难度也超乎寻常。因此，坚忍不拔、锲而不舍地为全面建成小康社会、全面建设社会主义现代化强国而奋斗，是中国特色社会主义新时代的必然要求和历史任务。

Second, this new era will be an era of securing a decisive victory in becoming a moderately prosperous society, and of moving on with all-out efforts to develop into a great modern socialist country.

Regarding the realization of the “Two Centenary Goals,” the 19th National Congress set forth clear requirements for progress with regards to the economy, political affairs, culture, society, and the environment. These requirements are forward-looking, targeted, and of strategic importance, with theoretical, political, and reformative implications. Becoming a moderately prosperous society on schedule by 2020 is a solemn promise that our Party has made to our people and to history. There are many difficulties ahead if we are to achieve this goal. The period between now and 2020 will be decisive in becoming a moderately prosperous society; it calls for the concerted and tireless efforts of our whole Party and country. There are also many difficulties ahead if we are to achieve the second centenary goal, which is to fully develop into a great modern socialist country. In world history, of the countries and regions that have already modernized, the majority did so in nearly 300 years following the Industrial Revolution. However, in the space of just one century, China needs to complete a process of modernization that took place over the course of several centuries in developed countries. This is a transition not only of extraordinary speed and scale, but also of extraordinary breadth, depth, and difficulty. Therefore, it is an essential requirement and historic task of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era that we strive to become a moderately prosperous society and a great modern socialist country with resolve and tenacity.

这个新时代，是全国各族人民团结奋斗、不断创造美好生活、逐步实现全体人民共同富裕的时代。人民对美好生活的向往，始终是我们党的奋斗目标。社会主义的本质是解放生产力，发展生产力，消灭剥削，消除两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。党的十九大把不断创造美好生活、逐步实现全体人民共同富裕作为发展的目标和归宿，体现了以人民为中心的发展思想，体现了我们党全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨，体现了中国特色社会主义的本质要求。在中国特色社会主义新时代，我们党的重大任务，就是更加关注人民对美好生活新的多样化需求，更加关注社会公平正义，更加注重多谋民生之利、多解民生之忧，着力使全体人民在共建共享发展中有更多获得感，着力使全体人民享有更加幸福安康的生活，着力在实现全体人民共同富裕上不断取得实实在在的新进展。

Third, this new era will be an era for the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to work together and work hard to create a better life for themselves and ultimately achieve common prosperity for everyone.

It is the eternal goal of our Party to help the people achieve the better life for which they yearn. The essence of socialism is to liberate and develop productive forces, eradicate exploitation, end polarization, and ultimately realize common prosperity. The 19th National Congress designated the continued efforts to create a better life for the people and the progressive achievement of common prosperity for everyone as the target and ultimate purpose of development. This designation embodies the people-centered philosophy of development, the Party’s fundamental principle of wholeheartedly serving the people, and the requirements intrinsic to socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, a major task of our Party is to pay greater attention to the people’s new, diversified demands for a better life, to social fairness and justice, and to doing more to improve the lives and address the concerns of the people. The focus of such efforts is to see that all our people have a greater sense of fulfillment as they contribute to and gain from development, that they enjoy happier, safer, and healthier lives, and that solid, new progress is made in ensuring common prosperity for everyone.

这个新时代，是全体中华儿女勠力同心、奋力实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的时代。实现中华民族伟大复兴，是鸦片战争以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，凝聚了几代中国人的夙愿。新中国的成立，为民族复兴奠定了坚实基础。改革开放这场新的伟大革命，为民族复兴注入了强大生机活力。在中国共产党领导下，中国这个世界上最大的发展中国家创造了人类社会发展史上惊天动地的发展奇迹，中华民族焕发出新的蓬勃生机。经过党的十八大以来的历史性变革，今天我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标。在中国特色社会主义新时代，凝聚起全体中华儿女同心共筑中国梦的磅礴力量，接续奋斗、砥砺前行，我们就一定能够到达民族复兴的光辉彼岸，中华民族必将以更加昂扬的姿态屹立于世界民族之林。

Fourth, this new era will be an era for all of us, the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, to strive with one heart to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

National rejuvenation has been the greatest dream of the Chinese people since the Opium War of 1840; it embodies the long-cherished hopes of generations of Chinese people. The founding of the PRC laid solid foundations for national rejuvenation, while the great new revolution of reform and opening-up has injected strong vitality into national rejuvenation. Under the leadership of the CPC, China, as the world’s largest developing country, has performed an earth-shaking miracle in the history of human development, with the Chinese nation being infused with new vigor and vitality. Today, due to historic changes that have taken place since the 18th National Congress, we are now closer than ever to realizing the goal of national rejuvenation, as we are more confident and more capable than ever of making this goal a reality. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, by creating a mighty force that enables the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation to realize the Chinese Dream, and through continued efforts to forge ahead, we will surely be able to reach our goal of national rejuvenation, and the Chinese nation will surely become a proud and active member of the community of nations.

这个新时代，是我国日益走近世界舞台中央、不断为人类作出更大贡献的时代。当今世界，中国人民的梦想同各国人民的梦想息息相通，实现中国梦离不开和平的国际环境和稳定的国际秩序。在中国特色社会主义新时代，面对国际格局和国际关系的深度调整，面对局部冲突和动荡频发、人类需要应对许多共同挑战的外部环境，我们必须统筹国内国际两个大局，始终高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨，牢牢把握构建人类命运共同体的目标追求，始终不渝走和平发展道路、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，坚持正确义利观，树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观，谋求开放创新、包容互惠的发展前景，促进和而不同、兼收并蓄的文明交流，构筑尊崇自然、绿色发展的生态体系，始终做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。历史上，中国曾为人类文明作出过卓越贡献。在中国特色社会主义新时代，中国一定能为世界的和平与发展、人类的繁荣与进步作出新的更大贡献。

Fifth, this new era will be an era that sees China moving closer to the world’s center stage and making greater contributions to humanity.

In today’s world, the dream of the Chinese people is closely connected with the dreams of the peoples of other countries; the Chinese Dream can be realized only in a peaceful international environment and under a stable international order. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we face profound adjustments in the international landscape and international relations as well as an external environment in which regional conflicts and turmoil frequently take place, and human beings have many common challenges to address. Thus, we must keep in mind both our internal and international imperatives, continue to hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, and uphold our fundamental foreign policy goal of preserving world peace and promoting common development. We will firmly pursue the goal of building a community with a shared future for humanity, stay on the path of peaceful development, and continue to pursue a mutually beneficial strategy of opening-up. We will uphold the greater good while pursuing shared interests, and will foster new thinking on common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security. We will pursue open, innovative, and inclusive development that benefits everyone; boost cross-cultural exchanges characterized by harmony within diversity, inclusiveness, and mutual learning; and cultivate ecosystems based on respect for nature and green development. China will continue its efforts to safeguard world peace, contribute to global development, and uphold international order. Historically, China made great contributions to human civilization. In the new era, it is certain that China is capable of making new and greater contributions to world peace and development and to the prosperity and progress of humanity.

三、中国特色社会主义新时代要有新气象新作为

III. A new look and new accomplishments required for the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics

中国特色社会主义进入新时代，在中华人民共和国发展史上、中华民族发展史上具有重大意义，在世界社会主义发展史上、人类社会发展史上也具有重大意义。这意味着近代以来久经磨难的中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，迎来了实现中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景；意味着科学社会主义在21世纪的中国焕发出强大生机活力，在世界上高高举起了中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜；意味着中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化不断发展，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径，给世界上那些既希望加快发展又希望保持自身独立性的国家和民族提供了全新选择，为解决人类问题贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。

Chinese socialism’s entrance into a new era is of tremendous importance in the history of the development of both the PRC and the Chinese nation. It is also of tremendous importance in the history of the development of international socialism and of human society. What it means is that the Chinese nation, which since modern times had endured so much for so long, has achieved a tremendous transformation: it has stood up, become prosperous, and grown strong; it has come to embrace the brilliant prospects of rejuvenation. It also means that scientific socialism is full of vitality in 21st century China, and that the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is now flying high and proud for all to see. It means that the path, the theory, the system, and the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics have kept developing, blazing a trail for other developing countries to achieve modernization. It offers a new option for other countries and nations who want to speed up their development while preserving their independence; and it offers Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach to solving the problems facing humanity.

中国特色社会主义进入新时代，对党和国家工作提出了许多新要求。全党特别是各级领导干部要有更高的境界、更强的本领、更优的作风、更好的精神状态，积极主动顺应、锐意开拓进取，创造无愧于新时代的新成就，不断把中国特色社会主义推向前进。

Chinese socialism’s entrance into a new era makes many new demands on the work of the Party and the country. All Party members, especially officials at all levels, should improve their moral integrity, capability, and conduct and get more motivated. All Party members should actively engage with this new era by forging ahead with a pioneering spirit, and make new achievements that do justice to the new era, in a continued effort to advance socialism with Chinese characteristics.

新时代要有新的思想武装。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，同中国特色社会主义进入新时代相适应，是马克思主义中国化最新成果，是中国特色社会主义理论体系的重要组成部分，是全党全国人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗的行动指南。党的十九大报告和十九大通过的新党章把党的十八大以来党中央治国理政新理念新思想新战略概括为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，并确立为党必须长期坚持的指导思想，提出用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想武装全党的战略任务，作出在全党开展“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育的战略部署，其政治意义、理论意义和实践意义十分重大。我们要以高度的政治责任感和历史使命感，紧密联系新时代中国特色社会主义实践，深入学习实践习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，切实把思想和行动统一到党的十九大精神上来。要坚持领导干部带头，用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想武装全党，深入领会这一思想的科学体系、精神实质、实践要求，全面掌握这一思想贯穿的马克思主义立场观点方法，大力弘扬理论联系实际的优良学风，着力增强学习本领、政治领导本领、改革创新本领、科学发展本领、依法执政本领、群众工作本领、狠抓落实本领、驾驭风险本领，把党的科学理论转化为强大物质力量，更加坚定自觉地为实现党的历史使命而奋斗。

The new era requires arming ourselves with new thoughts.

Conforming to Chinese socialism entering into a new era, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context, an important component of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and a guide to action for all Party members and all the Chinese people as we strive to achieve national rejuvenation. The report to the 19th National Congress and the newly revised CPC Constitution passed at the congress summed up the Central Committee’s new ideas, new thinking, and new strategies for national governance since the 18th National Congress as “Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.” It also defined this thought as a guiding principle that the Party must uphold on a long-term basis. A strategic task has been set to arm the whole Party with Xi Jinping Thought, and a strategic arrangement has been made to launch a campaign under the theme of “staying true to our founding mission” throughout our Party, which are of political, theoretical, and practical significance. With a strong awareness of our political responsibility and historic mission, we need to bear in mind the realities of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, study and act on Xi Jinping Thought, and align our thoughts and actions with the guiding principles of the 19th National Congress. By ensuring that officials take the lead, we will arm the whole Party with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, so that all Party members thoroughly understand the scientific system, theoretical essence, and practical requirements of this thought and fully grasp the Marxist standpoints, viewpoints, and methods embodied in this thought. We will vigorously promote our fine tradition of linking theory and practice, and ensure that our Party is good at learning, at exercising political leadership, at advancing reform and innovation, at promoting sound development, at exercising law-based governance, at engaging with the people, at implementing policy, and at managing risks. On this basis, we will turn the Party’s theory into strength, and ensure that our Party members strive to fulfill the Party’s historic mission in a more determined and purposeful manner.

新时代要有新的理念举措。一方面，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我国社会主要矛盾的变化，没有改变我们对我国社会主义所处历史阶段的判断。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，我国是世界最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变。发展仍然是我们党执政兴国的第一要务。必须牢牢把握社会主义初级阶段这个基本国情，牢牢立足社会主义初级阶段这个最大实际，牢牢坚持党的基本路线这个党和国家的生命线、人民的幸福线。另一方面，在中国特色社会主义新时代，随着我国社会主要矛盾的变化，发展的内涵和重点、理念和方式、环境和条件、水平和要求与过去有很大不同，这就必须更好地贯彻落实新发展理念，针对发展不平衡不充分问题提出新的思路、新的战略、新的举措，努力实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续的发展。最根本的，是要全面坚持党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略，不断增强工作的原则性、系统性、预见性、创造性，按照新时代要求在以新的理念举措不断推动发展的基础上，更好解决我国社会出现的各种问题，更好实现各项事业全面发展，更好发展中国特色社会主义事业。

The new era requires new ideas and measures.

On the one hand, China entering a new era and the evolution of the principal contradiction facing Chinese society do not change our assessment of the present stage of socialism in China. The basic dimension of the Chinese context – that our country is still and will long remain in the primary stage of socialism – has not changed. China’s international status as the world’s largest developing country has not changed. Development is still our Party’s top priority in governance. We must be completely clear about this fundamental dimension of our national context, and must base our work on this most important reality – the primary stage of socialism. We must remain fully committed to the Party’s basic line as the source that keeps the Party and the country going and that brings happiness to the people. On the other hand, as the principal contradiction facing Chinese society has evolved, development in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics differs greatly from the past in terms of its meaning, focus, vision, means, environment, conditions, standard, and requirements. This requires that we improve our efforts to implement the new development philosophy, put forward new ways of thinking, new strategies, and new measures for addressing unbalanced and inadequate development, and strive to achieve better quality, more efficient, fairer, and more sustainable development. Most fundamentally, we need to fully implement the Party’s basic theory, line, and policy for the primary stage of socialism, and continue to make our work more principled, systematic, forward-looking, and creative. In line with the requirements for the new era and on the basis of continuing to promote development through new ideas and measures, we will make more effective efforts to resolve various problems in Chinese society, to ensure all-round progress in various initiatives, and to develop the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

新时代要有新的党风党貌。在中国特色社会主义新时代，我们党面临的“四大考验”和“四种危险”仍然是长期的、复杂的、尖锐的、严峻的，全面从严治党永远在路上。这就要求我们深入贯彻落实党的十九大部署，坚持和加强党的全面领导，努力把党建设好、建设强，使党成为始终走在时代前列、人民衷心拥护、勇于自我革命、经得起各种风浪考验、朝气蓬勃的马克思主义执政党。要把党的政治建设摆在首位，突出政治建设在党的建设中的统领地位，把政治建设的要求落实到思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、纪律建设和反腐败斗争中，落实到严肃党内政治生活、完善民主集中制、发展积极健康的党内政治文化、营造风清气正的良好政治生态等具体实践中。党员干部要进一步树立政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，在政治立场、政治方向、政治原则、政治道路上始终同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致，不断增强忠诚核心、拥戴核心、维护核心的思想自觉和行动自觉，确保党中央权威和集中统一领导，为新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义、实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标提供坚强的政治和组织保证。

The new era requires new improvements in the conduct and image of the Party.

In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the “four tests” (tests that relate to governance, reform and opening-up, the market economy, and the external environment) and “four dangers” (a lack of drive, incompetence, disengagement from the people, inaction and corruption) confronting our Party are still complex, intense, grave, and long-term in nature. Ensuring Party self-governance is exercised fully and strictly is a journey to which there is no end. This requires that we thoroughly implement the arrangements of the 19th National Congress, uphold and strengthen overall Party leadership, and strive to make the Party stronger and more competent, so as to build our Party into a vibrant Marxist governing party that is always at the forefront of the times, enjoys the wholehearted support of the people, has the courage to reform itself, and is able to withstand all tests. We need to give top priority to the Party’s political building, exert its leading role in Party building, and apply the requirements of political building in our initiatives to strengthen the Party’s theory, consolidate its organizations, improve its conduct, enforce its discipline, and combat corruption. The requirements of political building should also be applied in our concrete efforts to carry out political activities within the Party in earnest, improve democratic centralism, develop a positive and healthy political culture in the Party, and foster a healthy political atmosphere of integrity within the Party. Party officials need to strengthen their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and act consistently with the Central Committee policy; closely align themselves with the Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core in terms of political stance, direction, principle, and path; and loyally support and uphold our leadership core through conscious thoughts and actions. On this basis, we will safeguard the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee, thus providing strong political and organizational guarantees for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and achieving the “Two Centenary Goals.”