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胡凯红：

Hu Kaihong:

女士们、先生们，大家上午好。欢迎大家出席国务院新闻办今天举办的新闻发布会。今天，中国国务院新闻办公室发表《新时代的中国国防》白皮书，并举办新闻发布会，介绍和解读白皮书的主要内容。出席今天发布会的有：国防部新闻发言人吴谦大校，中央军委联合参谋部作战局蔡志军少将，中央军委政治工作部潘庆华上校，中央军委后勤保障部王太国大校，中央军委改革和编制办公室王伟大校。我是国务院新闻办公室的新闻发言人胡凯红，今天的发布会由我来主持。

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Welcome to this press conference. Today, the State Council Information Office issued a white paper titled "China's National Defense in the New Era." Here, we will introduce and explain the document's major content. 

Present at the conference are: Senior Colonel Wu Qian, spokesperson of the Ministry of National Defense; Major General Cai Zhijun, deputy director general of the Operations Bureau of the Joint Staff Department under the Central Military Commission (CMC); Colonel Pan Qinghua from the Publicity Bureau of the CMC Political Work Department; Senior Colonel Wang Taiguo, deputy director general of the Finance Bureau under the CMC Logistic Support Department; Senior Captain Wang Wei, deputy director general of the Coordination and Supervision Bureau of the CMC Office for Reform and Organizational Structure. I'm Hu Kaihong, spokesperson of the SCIO and host of this press conference.

首先，我对白皮书的内容作一个介绍。

First, I'd like to make a brief introduction of the white paper.

《新时代的中国国防》白皮书是党的十八大以来中国发表的首部综合型国防白皮书，白皮书围绕国际社会对中国军队发展的关切，全面系统介绍新时代中国防御性国防政策的时代特点、重要原则、基本内涵，首次阐明新时代中国军队“四个战略支撑”的使命任务，充分阐明新时代中国国防“永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围”的鲜明特征，充分阐明中国国防开支合理适度，充分阐明新时代中国军队发展的世界意义和中国军队为推动构建人类命运共同体所作的积极贡献。白皮书全文约2.7万字，由前言、正文、结束语和附录四部分组成。

The white paper entitled "China's National Defense in the New Era" is China's first comprehensive document on national defense since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012. It focuses on international community's concerns about the development of the Chinese military, and systematically introduces the characteristics, principles, as well as fundamental connotation of the defensive nature of China's national defense strategy. The white paper also clarifies the mission of the armed forces in regard to the "four strategic supports," which are to provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system, safeguarding national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity; protecting China's overseas interests; and promoting world peace and development. It also clearly demonstrates the distinct features of "never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence" of China's national defense, providing details of the reasonable and appropriate defense expenditure, as well as the global significance of China's armed forces, and its contribution to building a Community with a Shared Future for all Humanity. The white paper comprises around 27,000 Chinese characters, and is divided into four parts, including preface, main body, concluding remarks and appendices.

白皮书指出，当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，世界多极化、经济全球化、社会信息化、文化多样化深入发展，“和平、发展、合作、共赢”的时代潮流不可逆转，但国际安全面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出。国际战略格局深刻演变，亚太安全形势总体稳定，中国国家安全面临的风险挑战不容忽视，国际军事竞争日趋激烈，世界并不太平。

The white paper points out that, the world today is undergoing profound changes unimagined in the past century. As economic globalization, growth of the information society, and cultural diversity develop in an increasingly multi-polar world, peace, stable development and win-win cooperation form irreversible trends of the times. Nonetheless, there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in international security. The international strategic landscape is undergoing profound changes, though the Asia-Pacific Security situation remains generally stable, the risks and challenges facing China's national security should not be ignored. With increasingly fierce international military competition, the world is not yet a tranquil place.

白皮书指出，中国将始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策。新时代中国国防的根本目标是坚决捍卫国家主权安全、发展利益，鲜明特征是坚持永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围，战略指导是贯彻落实新时代军事战略方针，发展路径是坚持走中国特色强军之路，世界意义是服务构建人类命运共同体。

The white paper also states that China adheres to a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. The fundamental goal of national defense in the new era is to resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty, security, and development interests. Never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence is the distinctive feature of China's national defense in the new era. Implementing the military strategic guideline for a new era is the strategic guidelines for China's national defense. Continuing to strengthen the military in the Chinese way is the way forward for China's national defense in the new era. The global significance is in the service of building a community with a shared future for mankind. 

白皮书指出，进入新时代中国军队依据国家安全和发展战略要求，坚决履行党和人民赋予的使命任务，为巩固中国共产党领导和社会主义制度提供战略支撑，为捍卫国家主权、统一领土完整提供战略支撑，为维护国家海外利益提供战略支撑，为促进世界和平与发展提供战略支撑。

In the new era, in meeting the strategic demands of national security and development, China's armed forces are firmly implementing the missions and tasks entrusted by the CPC and the Chinese people as a whole. They endeavor to provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system, safeguarding national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, protecting China's overseas interests, and promoting world peace and development.

白皮书指出，进入新时代，中国全面推进国防和军队现代化建设，全面深化国防和军队改革，重塑领导指挥体制，优化规模结构和力量编成，推进军事政策制度改革，调整改革军兵种和武警部队，推进国防和军队全面建设，迈出了强军兴军历史性步伐。

The white paper points out that, in the new era, China is promoting defense policy and military modernization across the board and deepening reform in its national defense program and its armed forces in all respects. China is reforming the leadership and command system; optimizing the size, structure and composition; reforming military policies and institutions, reshuffling PLA and PAP troops, and promoting defense and military development in all respects, by which China has already taken historic steps toward strengthening and revitalizing the armed forces.

白皮书指出，中国军队忠实践行人类命运共同体理念，坚定维护联合国宪章宗旨和原则，推动构建平等互信、合作共赢的新型安全伙伴关系，推动构建地区安全合作架构，妥善处理领土问题和海洋划界争端，积极提供国际公共安全产品，努力为建设持久和平、普遍安全的美好世界作贡献。

The white paper also notes that China's armed forces have responded faithfully to the call for a community with a shared future for mankind, resolutely upholding the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter and building a new-model security partnership featuring equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation. China's armed forces have also spared no efforts to promote regional security cooperation, properly cope with disputes over territory and maritime demarcation, and actively provide international public security goods. These show that China's armed forces are striving for a better world of lasting peace and common security.

白皮书强调，新时代的中国国防，在习近平强军思想指引下，将沿着中国特色强军之路，向着全面建成世界一流军队的宏伟目标奋勇前进。中国军队有决心有信心有能力战胜一切威胁挑战，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供坚强战略支撑，为服务构建人类命运共同体做出新的更大贡献。

Guided by Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military, China's national defense in the new era will stride forward along its own path to build a stronger military and endeavor to achieve the great goal of developing a world-class force in an all-round way. China's armed forces have the determination, confidence and capability to meet all threats and challenges. They stand ready to provide strong strategic support for the realization of the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation, and to make new and greater contributions to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

《新时代的中国国防》白皮书以中、英、法、俄、德、西、阿、日等8个语种发表，由人民出版社、外文出版社分别出版，在全国新华书店发行。

The white paper has been published in Chinese, English, French, Russian, German, Spanish, Arabic and Japanese by the People's Publishing House and Foreign Languages Press. It will be issued across the country by the Xinhua Bookstore.

我就先介绍这些情况。下面，请国防部新闻发言人吴谦大校作介绍。

That's all for the general introduction. Next, I give the floor to Senior Colonel Wu Qian, spokesperson of the Ministry of National Defense.

吴谦：

Wu Qian:

女士们、先生们、朋友们，大家上午好。今天《新时代的中国国防》白皮书正式与大家见面，这是中国政府自1998年以来发表的第10部国防白皮书，也是党的十八大以来发表的首部综合型国防白皮书。发表国防白皮书的目的是为了阐释新时代中国防御性国防政策，向国际社会更好地介绍中国建设巩固国防和强大军队的实践、目的、意义，增进国际社会对中国国防的理解，增进中国与世界各国的互信与合作。

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Today, the white paper "China's National Defense in the New Era" makes its debut to the world. It is the 10th white paper on national defense that the Chinese government has issued since 1998 and the first comprehensive one since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012. The white paper "China's National Defense in the New Era" is issued to expound on China's defensive national defense policy and explain the practice, purposes and significance of China's efforts to build a fortified national defense and a strong military, with a view to helping the international community better understand China's national defense, and to promote multinational cooperation and mutual trust.

《新时代的中国国防》白皮书分为前言、正文、结束语和附录四部分，共约2.7万字。正文包括国际安全形势、新时代中国防御性国防政策、履行新时代军队使命任务、改革中的中国国防和军队、合理适度的国防开支、积极服务构建人类命运共同体等六个章节。附录包括十个表格，主要介绍军委机关部门基本情况、中国国防费规模结构、2012年以来解放军和武警部队对外开展的主要联演联训活动、中国军队参加的主要联合国维和行动的情况。

The white paper consists of around 27,000 Chinese characters, including preface, main body, concluding remarks and appendices. The main body of the white paper is divided into six sections: the international security situation; China's defensive national policy in the new era; fulfilling the missions and tasks of China's armed forces in the new era; reform in China's national defense and armed forces; reasonable and appropriate defense expenditure; and actively contributing to building a community with a shared future for mankind. A total of ten tables are included in the appendices to introduce the functional organs of the Central Military Commission (CMC), the structure of China's defense expenditure, all major joint exercises and training by the PLA and PAP with foreign counterparts since 2012, and UN Peacekeeping Operations that the PLA have participated in, just to name a few.

《新时代的中国国防》白皮书的主要内容包括六个方面：

The main body of the white paper "China's National Defense in the New Era" consists of the following six aspects:

第一，客观分析当前的国际安全形势和中国安全环境。白皮书指出，当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，世界面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出，国际战略竞争呈上升之势，全球和地区性安全问题持续增多，国际军事竞争日趋激烈，天下并不太平。但是必须看到，促和平、求稳定、谋发展已成为国际社会的普遍诉求，和平力量的上升远远超过战争因素的增长，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流不可逆转。白皮书同时指出，中国国家安全形势总体稳定，但面临着多元复杂的安全威胁和挑战，特别是反分裂斗争形势更加严峻。

1. An objective analysis of the international and domestic security situation. The white paper notes that the world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, and there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in international security. International strategic competition is on the rise, global and regional security issues are on the increase, and the global military competition is intensifying. The world is not yet at a tranquil place. Nevertheless, the pursuit of peace, stability and development has become a universal aspiration of the international community with forces for peace predominating over elements of war. Peace, development and win-win cooperation remain the irreversible trends of the times. The white paper also points out that the national security situation of China remains generally stable, meanwhile China also faces diverse and complex security threats and challenges, especially when considering the acute fight against separatists.

第二，系统阐述新时代中国防御性国防政策。白皮书强调，坚决捍卫国家主权安全发展利益是新时代中国国防的根本目标。坚持永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围是新时代中国国防的鲜明特征，贯彻落实新时代军事战略方针是新时代中国国防的战略指导。坚持走中国特色强军之路是新时代中国国防的发展路径。服务构建人类命运共同体是新时代中国国防的世界意义。

2. As a systematic introduction to China's defensive national defense policy in the new era, the white paper stresses that resolutely safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests is the fundamental goal of China's national defense in the new era. Never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence is the distinctive feature of China's national defense in the new era. Meanwhile, implementing the military strategic guideline is the main objective for China's national defense in the new era. Continuing to strengthen the military in a Chinese way is the path forward for China's national defense in the new era. China's national defense is of global significance and serves to build a community with a shared future for mankind in a new era.

第三，全面介绍中国军队履行新时代使命任务的情况。白皮书明确中国军队新时代的使命任务是“四个战略支撑”，从维护国家领土主权和海洋权益、保持常备不懈的战备状态、开展实战化军事训练、维护重大安全领域利益、遂行反恐维稳、维护海外利益、参加抢险救灾等七个方面介绍中国武装力量的运用情况。

3. A comprehensive picture of fulfilling the mission and tasks of China's armed forces in the new era. The white paper clarifies the four strategic priorities of the mission of China's armed forces in the new era, which is to provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the CPC and its socialist system; to safeguard national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity; to protect China's overseas interests; and to promote world peace and development. The implementation of China's armed forces is demonstrated through the following seven aspects including safeguarding national territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, maintaining combat readiness, carrying out military training in real combat conditions, safeguarding interests in major security fields, countering terrorism and maintaining stability, protecting China's overseas interests, and participating in disaster rescue and relief.

第四，全景式介绍深化国防和军队改革取得的历史性成就。白皮书系统介绍中国军队重塑领导指挥体制，优化规模结构和力量编成，推进军事政策制度改革的有关情况。全面介绍调整改革后的军兵种和武警部队基本情况，以及思想政治、军事理论、武器装备、后勤保障等国防和军队全面建设情况，展示改革后中国军队的崭新形象。

4. A comprehensive presentation about the historic achievements of reform in national defense and the armed forces. The white paper systematically presents China's armed forces' reform of its leadership and command system, its optimized size, structure and force composition, and the reform of military policies and institutions. It also introduces the reshuffled PLA and PAP troops, as well as the progress made in theoretical and political buildup, military theory, weaponry and equipment, logistics system, showing a brand-new model of China's armed forces after the reform.

第五，多维度介绍中国国防费情况。白皮书梳理了改革开放以来中国国防费的发展历程，全面介绍2012年以来中国国防费的规模结构和基本用途，体现出中国国防费的公开透明。此外，白皮书还对国防费进行国际比较，说明中国的国防开支是合理适度的。

5. A multi-dimensional briefing of China's defense expenditure. The white paper introduces the developing trend of China's defense expenditure since reform and opening-up, and thoroughly explains the scale, structure, and usage of China's defense expenditure since 2012, demonstrating its transparency. Besides, the white paper also includes a comparison of defense expenditure in the international context, justifying the reasonable and appropriate nature of China's defense expenditure.

第六，深入介绍中国军队维护世界和平稳定，服务构建人类命运共同体所做的积极努力和重大贡献。白皮书指出，构建人类命运共同体，顺应和平发展的时代潮流，反映各国人民的共同期待。白皮书从维护联合国宪章宗旨和原则，推动构建新型安全伙伴关系，推动构建地区安全合作架构，妥善处理领土问题和海洋划界争端，积极提供国际公共安全产品等五个方面进行了详细介绍。

6. An in-depth look into China's armed forces' efforts and their contribution to global peace and building a community with a shared future for mankind. The white paper says that building a community with a shared future for mankind conforms to the trends of the times for peaceful development, and reflects the common aspirations of all peoples throughout the world. China's armed forces' endeavor in this regard is manifested through their contribution in the following five aspects, including resolutely upholding the purposes and principles of the UN Charter; building a new-model of equal security partnership; mutual trust and win-win cooperation; building a regional security cooperation architecture; properly coping with disputes over territory and maritime demarcation; and actively providing international public security goods.

新版白皮书在继承传统的基础上进行了创新发展，与过去相比主要有以下特点：

Compared with the previous versions of white papers in this regard, today's white paper features the following innovations:

第一，首次构建新时代中国防御性国防政策体系。白皮书阐明，中国的社会主义国家性质，走和平发展道路的战略抉择，独立自主的和平外交政策，“和为贵”的中华文化传统，决定了中国始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策。白皮书通过丰富完善国防政策新的时代内涵，揭示了中国防御性国防政策的战略性、稳定性和系统性。

1. Establishing China's defensive national defense policy in the new era for the first time. The white paper notes that the socialist system of China, the strategic decision to follow the path of peaceful development, peace-led foreign policy and the best of cultural traditions – holding peace and harmony as fundamentals – determine that China will pursue a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. The white paper demonstrates the strategic, stable, and systematic nature of how this is implemented. 

第二，首次阐述中国军队新时代的使命任务。白皮书明确阐述中国军队新时代使命任务为“四个战略支撑”，即：为巩固中国共产党领导和社会主义制度提供战略支撑；为捍卫国家主权、统一、领土完整提供战略支撑；为维护国家海外利益提供战略支撑；为促进世界和平与发展提供战略支撑。白皮书通过介绍中国军队履行新时代使命任务的具体实践，阐明武装力量建设运用的防御性、正义性、有限性。

2. Putting forward the missions of China's armed forces in the new era for the first time. In the new era, to meet the strategic demands of national security and development, China's armed forces firmly implement the missions and tasks entrusted by the CPC and the people. They endeavor to provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system, safeguard national sovereignty, provide unity and territorial integrity, protect China's overseas interests, and promote world peace and development. By introducing the missions and practices of China's armed forces, the white paper justifies the defensive, rightful, and limited implementation of China's armed forces.

第三，首次指出“永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围”是新时代中国国防的鲜明特征。白皮书重申我国国防自卫防御的本质属性，强调中国的国防建设和发展，始终着眼于满足自身安全的正当需要，始终是世界和平力量的增长。白皮书通过政策宣示，深刻揭示中国决不走追逐霸权、“国强必霸”的老路，无论将来发展到哪一步，中国都不会威胁谁，都不会谋求建立势力范围。

3. Pointing out "never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence" as the distinctive feature of China's national defense in the new era, the development of China's national defense aims to meet its rightful security needs and contribute to the growth of the world's peaceful forces. By policy-based declaration, the white paper shows China's determination of never seeking hegemony, posing threats, nor setting spheres of influence regardless of China's future development.

第四，首次提出服务构建人类命运共同体是新时代中国国防的世界意义。白皮书深刻揭示中国梦与世界梦、中国国防和军队建设同世界和平稳定的内在必然联系。强调中国军队的发展壮大，不仅为中国梦提供战略支撑，同时也是世界和平稳定的强大正能量。

4. Putting forward for the first time the building of a community with a shared future for mankind to be the global significance of China's national defense in the new era. The white paper explains the internal connections between Chinese dream and the global dream, as well as between China's national defense, its military development and global peace and stability. The white paper reinforces that the development of China's armed forces will not only provide strategic support for the Chinese dream, but also provide powerful positive energy for global peace and stability.

第五，首次全景式展现深化国防和军队改革取得的历史性成就。白皮书系统呈现中国军队进入新时代以来，深入贯彻习近平强军思想，坚持走中国特色强军之路，全面深化国防和军队改革的情况。通过公布改革的时间表、路线图、成绩单，深刻揭示中国军队迈出构建中国特色军事力量体系的历史性步伐，展现人民军队新的体制、结构、格局和面貌。

5. Giving an all-round presentation of the historic achievements of deepening reform in national defense and armed forces. The white paper systematically presents the progress of deepening reform in national defense and armed forces in all respects, and in doing so demonstrates the implementation of Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military, and the commitment to building a strong military with Chinese characteristics. By providing a schedule, structure and results of our reforms, the white paper presents a brand-new system and outlook for the Chinese armed forces, showing their effort in building a strong military with Chinese characteristics.

第六，首次将国防费位居世界前列的国家进行国际比较。白皮书从国防费占国内生产总值比重，国防费占财政支出比重和人均国防费水平等三个维度，比较2017年国防费位居世界前列国家的有关情况，有力说明中国国防费增长是合理适度的，开支水平是偏低的。白皮书强调，中国国防开支与维护国家主权、安全、发展利益的保障需求相比，与履行大国责任义务的保障需求相比，与自身建设发展的保障需求相比还有较大差距，将继续保持适度稳定增长。

6. We make a comparison of defense expenditure in the international context for the first time. By conducting comparison in the fields of defense expenditure's share in GDP, its ratio of spending to government expenditure, and China's per capita defense expenditure, the white paper justifies the reasonable growth and relatively low spending of China's defense expenditure, compared to other major counties in this regard in 2017. Meanwhile the white paper also notes that there is still a wide gap between China's defense expenditure and the requirements for safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests; for fulfilling China's international responsibilities and obligations as a major country; and for China's development.

以上是我的介绍，下面我和我的同事愿意回答各位记者朋友的提问。

That's all about the introduction to the white paper. Now the floor is open for questions, and please identify your news agency before questions.

胡凯红：

Hu Kaihong:

下面开始提问，提问之前请通报所代表的新闻机构。

Now, the floor is open to questions. Please identify the media outlet you represent before asking questions.

中央广播电视总台央视记者：

CCTV:

我们注意到，新版国防白皮书的题目是《新时代的中国国防》，这与以往的综合型国防白皮书不同，请问这样命名的考虑是什么？另外，我们也注意到当前的国际形势正在发生复杂深刻的变化。请问，新版国防白皮书是如何评价当前国际国内安全形势的？谢谢。

The new white paper is entitled "China's National Defense in the New Era". This differs from the title of previous comprehensive national defense white papers. Why is the document so entitled? Besides that, we take note of the fact that the international situation is undergoing a profound transformation. How does the new white paper describe the international and domestic security situation? Thank you.

吴谦：

Wu Qian:

我来回答你这个问题。党的十九大鲜明指出，中国特色社会主义进入了新时代，中国国防和军队建设正站在新的历史起点上。新时代的中国国防，深入贯彻习近平强军思想，深入贯彻习近平军事战略思想，坚持以党在新时代的强军目标为引领，贯彻新时代军事战略方针，坚持走中国特色强军之路，国防和军队建设取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。人民军队体制一新、结构一新、格局一新、面貌一新。新时代首部综合型国防白皮书顺应时代发展，把握世情国情军情，全面系统介绍国防和军队建设新的政策遵循，新的使命任务、新的战略安排和新的强军实践，有利于国际社会和国内民众更加全面客观地了解新时代的中国国防和军队建设。

Please allow me to answer your questions. As stated in the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, socialism with Chinese characteristics has crossed the threshold into a new era, and we have reached a new starting point in strengthening national defense and the armed forces. 

In the new era, China's national defense forces fully implement Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military, and his thinking on military strategy. We are committed to achieving the goal of building a strong military capability in the new era, implement the military strategic guideline for a new era, and continue to strengthen the military in the Chinese way. We have made historic achievements and promoted historic changes in the national defense and army building campaigns. Changes have occurred in the people's army's system, its structure, patterns and appearance. 

The first comprehensive white paper on national defense in the new era responds to the trend of the times. It provides a precise summary of the world situation, that of the country and the pertaining to the Chinese military. It provides a comprehensive introduction of the new policies on national defense and army building, as well as the new missions, tasks, strategic deployment and practices related to building a strong military force. It will be helpful for the world and the Chinese people to have a more comprehensive and objective understanding of our national defense and army building efforts in the new era. 

关于你的第二个问题，当前国际战略格局深刻演变，国际力量加快分化组合，新兴市场国家和发展中国家力量持续上升，战略力量对比此消彼长，更趋均衡，促和平、求稳定、谋发展已经成为国际社会的普遍诉求，和平力量的上升远远超过战争因素的增长。但是，霸权主义、强权政治、单边主义时有抬头，地区冲突和局部战争持续不断，国际安全体系和秩序受到冲击。这部白皮书对当前的国际国内安全形势作出四个战略判断：一是国际战略格局深刻演变，二是亚太安全形势总体稳定，三是中国的国家安全面临的风险挑战不容忽视，四是国际军事竞争日趋激烈。

Regarding your second question, the international strategic landscape is undergoing a profound transformation. The process of disintegration and re-integration of various international powers is gaining momentum. Emerging markets and developing countries have acquired greater strength. With various powers growing or waning, the global power configuration has become more balanced. Seeking peace, stability and development has become a common pursuit of international society. The forces for peace far outweigh factors causing war. At the same time, however, hegemony, power politics and unilateralism are mounting, and regional conflicts and wars are ongoing, threatening the international security system and order.

The white paper contains four strategic conclusions on the current international and domestic security situation: First, the international strategic landscape is undergoing a profound transformation. Second, the security situation of the Asia-Pacific region generally remains stable. Third, the security risks and challenges facing China should not be overlooked. Fourth, international military competition is intensifying.

在纷繁复杂的国际国内形势面前，中国坚信和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流不可逆转，称霸扩张终将失败，安全繁荣应该共享。我们呼吁，各国应超越文明冲突、冷战思维、零和博弈，坚持对话协商、求同存异、共建共享，携手应对全球性挑战，共同走和平发展道路，推动构建人类命运共同体，努力建设一个持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界，让人类生活更加幸福美好。谢谢。

In the face of such a complex international and domestic situation, China firmly believes that peace, development, cooperation and prosperity for all are irreversible trends of the times. Any attempt to seek hegemony or expansion is doomed to fail. Security and prosperity should be enjoyed by all. 

We call for all countries to go beyond outdated concepts such as a clash of civilizations, Cold War and a zero-sum mentality, and uphold such principles as conducting dialogue and consultation, seeking common ground while setting aside differences, and making joint contribution and sharing benefits. We should make joint efforts to tackle global challenges, promote peace and development, build a community with a shared future for mankind, and build an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity. Thank you.

中国日报记者：

China Daily:

新版国防白皮书提出了习近平军事战略思想，请问这一重大思想形成的时代背景和重大意义是什么？有哪些理论特质和历史贡献？

The new white paper on national defense stresses Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy. Could you please tell us the background and significance of the formation of this important thinking? What are its theoretical characteristics and historical contributions?

蔡志军：

Cai Zhijun:

谢谢这位记者朋友的提问。军事战略思想是一支军队的旗帜引领，是随着时代的发展而发展的。党的十八大以来，习主席在领导国防和军队建设、指挥现实军事斗争的伟大实践中，着眼顺应世界百年未有之大变局、应对国家安全面临的各种风险挑战、全面建成世界一流军队的战略需要，鲜明提出一系列新思想新观点新论断新要求，与时俱进、创新发展军事战略指导，形成了习近平军事战略思想。习主席作为党的核心、军队统帅，是这一重大思想的主要创立者，对形成习近平军事战略思想起到了决定性作用。

Thank you for your questions. Military strategic thinking is the banner that guides an army, and it should keep up with the times. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, President Xi, in his dedicated leadership of national defense, the building of our armed forces, and commanding actual military campaigns, has taken a broad view of the profound changes in the world not seen for a long time to deal with various risks and challenges involved in ensuring national security and meet the requirements of comprehensively building Chinese military into a world-class force. He has put forward a series of new ideas, viewpoints, judgments and requirements to enhance military strategic guidance as required by the times. Against this background, Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy has taken shape. Xi, as the core of Party leadership and as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, is the main architect of this important thinking, and plays a decisive role in this process.

习近平军事战略思想始终坚持积极防御战略思想这个基本点，深刻揭示新时代战争与和平、军事与政治、总体安全与军事安全等重大关系，全面系统地回答了新时代军事战略指导的一系列根本性、全局性、方向性重大问题。这一重大思想是马克思主义战争观、方法论在新时代中国国防和军队建设中的创新和发展，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在军事战略领域的运用和展开，是习近平强军思想的重要组成部分，是科学的思想体系和理论体系。

Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy has always adhered to the strategic concept of active defense. It has profoundly revealed the important relationship between war and peace, military affairs and politics, national security and military security in the new era. It has comprehensively and systematically answered a series of fundamental, overarching and directionally important questions related to military strategic guidance in the new era. The important thinking is an innovative development of the Marxist view of war and methodology in China's national defense and armed forces building in the new era. It is the application and development of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It is an important part of Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military. It is a scientific ideological and theoretical system.

习近平军事战略思想，具有鲜明的科学品质。一是理论特质，继承和发展党的军事指导理论精要，是马克思主义战争观方法论中国化的最新成果。二是时代特色，把握中国特色社会主义进入新时代、国防和军队建设也进入新时代的历史方位，与时俱进发展军事战略指导。三是战略特色，科学把握战争规律和战争的指导规律，赋予积极防御战略思想新的内涵。四是实践特色，根植于强军兴军的伟大实践，持续彰显真理光芒和实践伟力，具有独特的战略风格、战略魅力、战略气派。

Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy has distinct scientific qualities. First and most important, in terms of theory, it inherits and develops the essence of the Party's military guidance theory, and is the latest achievement in adapting the Marxist view of war and its methodology to a Chinese context. Second, from an historical viewpoint, it seizes the right moment when socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and China's national defense and armed forces building has followed suit. Third, from a strategic viewpoint, it grasps the laws of waging war and directing war, endowing the strategic concept of active defense with new connotations. Fourth, from a practical viewpoint, a great truth emerges from the great practice of strengthening and revitalizing the armed forces, so it has a unique strategic style and insight.

习近平军事战略思想，开辟了马克思主义战争观安全观的新境界，开辟了支撑中华民族伟大复兴战略布局的新境界，开辟了维护国家安全战略运筹的新境界，开辟了国防和军队现代化战略设计的新境界，是当前和今后一个时期我军军事力量运用和建设的根本遵循和科学指南。2019年的1月在北京召开的中央军委军事工作会议，确立习近平军事战略思想为新时代军事战略根本指导思想，这是维护核心的政治要求，是强军兴军的必然选择，是谋战胜战的客观需要，也是全军上下的共同期盼。谢谢。

Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy has established a new realm in the Marxist view of war and security. It enhances the strategic drive of realizing the Chinese Dream of great national rejuvenation. It breaks new grounds for implementing national security strategy. It broadens our vision of modernizing national defense and armed forces. The thinking is a fundamental rule and scientific guidance for using and building our military forces at present and in the future. At the military work conference of the Central Military Commission held in Beijing in January 2019, Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy was established as the fundamental guiding ideology of China's military strategy in the new era. The decision is based on political, practical and strategic needs. It is also is also the common expectation of the whole army. Thank you.

美国有线电视新闻记者：

CNN: 

我们看到，美军对韩国方面就中俄两国军机“入侵”韩国领空的事件作了表态，说美军就此事与韩国及日本盟国进行了密切协调，也会通过外交途径向中俄两军进行沟通。我不知道中国军方对此事能作出什么样的确认和回应？还有一个与此相关的问题，美国新任防长埃斯珀昨天在华盛顿宣任就职，埃斯珀是美国公认的对华强硬派，他今年早些时间表示，中美两国两军之间战略竞争关系是他整个认知系统的基础，也对中俄两军近年来大力发展军事能力和武器装备表示，这是对美国的一种长期威胁。很多人认为，他担任防长之后美军会更愿意与中国军队进行公开对峙，您对此有何回应？对埃斯珀担任防长之后的中美两军关系，您会不会有所担忧？谢谢。

Regarding South Korea's accusation against Russian and Chinese aircraft of "violating" its airspace, the Pentagon spokesman said the U.S. Defense Department was in close coordination with its Korean and Japanese allies about the event, and will continue to monitor activities as they make follow-up contacts with the Russian and Chinese military in diplomatic channels. I would like to know China's response to it.

And I have another related question. Mark Esper was sworn in as the new defense secretary in Washington yesterday. He has long pushed for the U.S. to take a hardline stance against China. Earlier this year, he stated the U.S. was engaged in strategic competition with China, which is both the foundation and the shaping of his views in this regard. Also, he thinks that Russia and China's aggressive development of formations, capabilities and weapons systems in recent years poses a long-term threat to American interests. Many people believe that the U.S. military is more likely to engage in a public standoff with the Chinese military during Esper's tenure. What is your comment on this? Do you have any concerns about the Sino-U.S. military relationship while Esper serves as defense secretary? Thank you.

吴谦：

Wu Qian:

先回答你的第一个问题，7月23日，中国与俄罗斯两国空军在东北亚地区组织实施首次联合空中战略巡航，中方派出2架轰-6K飞机，与俄方2架图-95飞机混合编队，位日本海、东海有关空域按既定航线组织联合巡航。飞行期间，两国空军飞机严格遵守国际法有关规定，未进入他国领空。

For your first question. On July 23, the Chinese and Russian air forces organized the first joint air patrol in Northeast Asia. China's two H-6K bombers, along with two Russian Tu-95 bombers, patrolled a pre-planned route over the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea. During the patrol, the planes of China and Russia maintained their flights in line with international rules and did not enter territorial air space of any other country. 

此次联合巡航旨在深化和发展中俄新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系，进一步提升中俄两军战略协作水平和联合行动能力，共同维护全球战略稳定。此次行动是中俄两军年度合作计划内项目，不针对第三方。

This joint patrol was carried out with the aim of deepening the two countries' comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era, of further increasing understanding between the armed forces of the two countries, and of enhancing their capabilities to carry out joint actions, and strengthening global strategic stability. The exercise was performed in line with the planned annual military cooperation program between China and Russia and was not aimed against any third country. 

同时我们也注意到，俄罗斯国防部就此已发表了声明，我建议你也读一读。

Furthermore, we also noticed that the Russian Ministry of Defense has issued a statement in this regard, and I suggest you read it. 

第二个问题，我们也关注到埃斯珀防长就任美国国防部长，我们对此表示祝贺，希望在埃斯珀防长任职期间，中美两军关系能够得到健康稳定发展。但是，在这里我还想强调两点：第一，中国的主权、安全、发展利益不容侵犯。第二，中国军事力量的发展完全是世界和平力量的发展。谢谢。

For your second question, Mark Esper has been confirmed as the U.S. Secretary of Defense and we would like to extend our congratulations to him. We hope that the military relations between China and U.S. could achieve healthy and stable development during his tenure. However, here I also would like to emphasize two points: first, China's sovereignty, security and developmental interests are inviolable. Second, the development of China's military power is entirely in line with the development of the forces for world peace. Thank you.

解放军报记者：

China Military:

我们注意到新版的白皮书介绍了深化国防和军队改革的举措和取得的成就。请问这次改革顺利推进的原因和主要做法是什么？去年11月，中央军委召开政策制度改革工作会议，全面部署军事政策制度改革任务，新版国防白皮书也对此作了相应介绍。能否介绍一下军事政策制度改革的主要特点和相关的进展情况。

We noticed that the White Paper introduced the measures and progress made in reforming the national defense and the armed forces. So, what are the reasons behind the progress and what kind of measures have been taken to push forward the reform? Last November, the Central Military Commission held the working group meeting to comprehensively launch reform for military policies and institutions, which was also mentioned in the White Paper. Would you please talk about the major characteristics and progress of the reform?

王伟：

Wang Wei:

谢谢你的问题。首先回答第一个问题，习主席亲自领导、亲自决策、亲自推动是深化国防军队改革的根本保证。党的十八大以来，习主席亲自决策，把国防和军队改革纳入全面深化改革的总盘子，成立中央军委深化国防和军队改革领导小组并担任组长，亲自领导改革调研论证和方案拟制工作，亲自组织研究改革重大问题，亲自出席一系列军队改革工作会议，亲自向新调整组建大单位授旗并发布训词训令，紧跟改革进程发表一系列的重要讲话。深化国防和军队改革能够攻坚克难、连战连捷、成果巨大，根本在于党中央、中央军委和习主席的坚强领导，在于习近平强军思想的科学指引。

Thanks for your questions. I'll start answering your first question. President Xi Jinping was personally involved in leading and pushing forward the reform of national defense and armed forces, offering the fundamental guarantee for the reform. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, President Xi has been involved in the decision-making part of the reform, and included the national defense and military reform into the overall plan of comprehensively deepening reform. As the leader of the Leading Group for National Defense and Military Reform of the Central Military Commission, he worked to study major issues with regard to the reform and formulated the plan. He took part in a series of group meetings, presented the military flags to the newly adjusted and established units and delivered a series of major speeches. We overcame many difficulties and made a huge achievement in deepening the reform of national defense and armed forces. All of these are under the strong leadership of the Party, Central Military Commission and President Xi and guided by President Xi's thinking on strengthening the military.

这次深化国防和军队改革，坚持体系化设计、工程化推进，总体上是按照“三大战役”来打的。第一仗，率先展开领导指挥体制改革，重在解决体制性障碍；第二仗，压茬推进规模结构和力量编成改革，重在解决结构性矛盾；第三仗，着力深化政策制度改革，重在解决政策性问题。全军官兵坚决贯彻落实党中央、中央军委和习主席改革决策部署，各级党委和政府、人民群众对国防和军队改革大力支持，汇集起改革强军的磅礴力量。这次改革，打破了长期实行的总部体制、大军区体制、大陆军体制，形成了军委管总、战区主战、军种主建的新格局，改变了长期以来陆战型、国土防御型的力量结构和兵力布势。

The national defense and military reform is based on the systematic design of three major issues. First, reforming the leadership and command system and removing institutional barriers. Second, supporting reforms in force structure and composition and solving structural problems. Third, deepening reform of military policies and institutions and resolving policy-related problems. We owe our achievements to the leadership of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and the guidance of President Xi Jinping on the national defense and military reform, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and all the people in China. The PLA has dismantled the long-established systems of general departments, military area commands and the force composition with a dominating land force, and established a new pattern of the CMC exercising overall leadership, the TCs responsible for military operations and the services focusing on developing capabilities.

第二个问题是关于政策制度改革。这次军事政策制度改革，是深化国防和军队改革的重要内容，又是重要保证，涉及军事实践的各领域、各方面、各环节，系统性、整体性、协同性很强。这次军事政策制度改革，最鲜明的一个特点，就是深刻把握政策制度建设的特点规律和内在机理，搞好顶层谋划和体系设计。坚持把军事政策制度改革放在强国强军事业全局中来运筹，放在建设世界一流军队进程中来推进，从指挥、建设、管理、监督四条链路进行整体重塑，鲜明提出建立健全中国特色社会主义军事政策制度体系，提出军队党的建设制度、军事力量运用政策制度、军事力量建设政策制度、军事管理政策制度四个方面的布局。这“一大体系、四大板块”，导向鲜明、覆盖全面、结构严密、内在协调，符合我国国情军情，适应新时代、新使命、新体制要求。

Your second question is about the reform of policies and institutions. The reform of military policies and institutions is a major part and solid guarantee for deepening the national defense and military reform. It involves all areas, all aspects, and all parts of the military practice, and is more systemic, comprehensive, and balanced. One of the characteristics of the military policies and institutions reform is to maintain a profound understanding of the implication of policy and system building, and strengthen planning at the top level and adopt a holistic approach in doing so. We should comprehensively advance the military policies and institutions reform, striding forward along the path to build a stronger military and fully transform the people's armed forces into world-class forces. We should launch our reform in the fields of command, construction, management and inspection. We should develop a socialist military institution with Chinese characteristics. We should focus on reform measures from four aspects: strengthening Party building in the military, improving policies and institutions for military force employment, reformulating policies and institutions and reforming the policies and institutions for military management. All of these measures have a clear, comprehensive and balanced guide for their reform, which is catered for national and military conditions and is suited for the new era, new mission and new system.

这次政策制度改革的主要安排是，2020年前，完成各系统各领域主干政策制度改革，构建起中国特色社会主义军事政策制度体系的基本框架。到2022年，完善各领域配套政策制度，构建起比较完备的中国特色社会主义军事政策制度体系。去年中央军委政策制度改革工作会议后，军委机关各部门、各大单位结合各自担负的任务，分系统分领域制定路线图、施工图，军事政策制度改革目前正按计划有序推进。同时，我们着眼改革急需、备战急用、官兵急盼，联合出台了加强军队党组织建设、改善官兵待遇保障、联合作战参谋指挥军官管理、军事训练监察、文职人员聘用管理等一系列政策制度，这方面政策制度一共27项，今年上半年已经全部完成，有关信息在媒体上也进行了披露，如果你希望全面了解，可以查阅一下。

According to the plan of the policy and institutional reform, by 2020, reform of the main structures of all systems and areas will be completed, and the basic framework of the socialist military policy and institution with Chinese characteristics will be established. By 2022, we will further improve the coordinated policies and establish the system of socialist military policy and institution with Chinese characteristics. Since the CMC held its working group meeting on policy and institutional reform last year, all departments and units in the military have taken their responsibilities to mull over plans in different systems and areas, with steady progress in military policy and institutional reform. We also actively responded to the urgent demands of the military reform and carried out a series of reform measures with respect to Party building in the military, improving the wellbeing of service personnel, the joint operations commands and conducting supervision on military training. We have already put all 27 policies into practice in the first half of the year. Related information has been released by the media, which you can refer to.

这些政策制度的出台，在深化改革成效、聚力练兵备战、回应官兵关切等方面发挥了重要作用，受到部队高度评价。

All these policies played an important role in deepening reform, uniting the military and responding to the concerns of officers and soldiers, which were highly commended by the military.

CGTN记者：

CGTN:

我们注意到，这部白皮书提到中国军队一个重要的战略任务是保护海外利益，这将意味着中国军队将更多地参与到海外的军事行动。请问发言人，这种行动和白皮书所强调的中国军队和平发展道路是否相矛盾？谢谢。

We have noted that, in the white paper's view, protecting national interests abroad is one of the important strategic missions for the People's Liberation Army (PLA), meaning the army will be involved more frequently in overseas military actions. Therefore, my question to our spokespersons is whether the actions will disturb PLA's path leading to peaceful development? Thank you.

吴谦：

Wu Qian:

这个问题我来回答一下。简要回答，就是两者完全不矛盾。中国军队走向世界，一方面是为了有效维护国家海外利益，更好地履行新时代军队使命任务。另一方面是为了顺应国际社会的普遍期待，提供更多的公共安全产品。在白皮书中，无论是维和、护航，还是人道主义救援减灾，你可以找到很多这样的例子。中国的社会主义国家性质、走和平发展道路的战略抉择、独立自主的和平外交政策、“和为贵”的中华文化传统，决定了中国始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策，坚持永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围是新时代中国国防的鲜明特征。也就是说，中国军队走向世界，给世界带来的是安全而不是威胁，是机遇而不是挑战。谢谢。

Please allow me to answer your question. My short response is they do not contradict each other at all. While going abroad, the PLA can, on one hand, better implement the missions required in the new era to protect China's overseas interests; and on the other hand, provide more public security goods to meet the general expectations of the international community. Be they peacekeeping missions, navigation escorts on the high seas or humanitarian aid, there are sufficient examples mentioned in the white paper. The socialist system of China, the strategic decision to follow the path of peaceful development, the independent foreign policy of peace, and the best of our cultural traditions – considering peace and harmony as fundamentals – determine that China will pursue a national defense policy defensive in nature. It will never seek hegemony, expansion and establishment of spheres of influence. The promise reflects the distinctive feature of China's national defense in the new era. In other words, what the PLA brings to the world while going abroad are neither threats nor challenges, but stability and opportunities for promoting peace. Thank you.

凤凰卫视记者：

Phoenix Satellite TV:

我们看到这本白皮书，刚才讲到是党的十八大之后的首次综合型白皮书。跟之前的白皮书作了简单比较，发现在安全形势判断部分有比较大的变化，尤其在国家安全领域风险这部分，非常明确地提出“反分裂斗争形势更加严峻”，这在过去只是点到，并没有明确列出来安全威胁具体有什么，并且“更加严峻”这个用词也与以往有所不同。请问，这样的变化是怎样考虑的？谢谢。

As has been mentioned, this is the first comprehensive white paper issued since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). After a simple comparison with previous white papers, I find relatively large changes in the evaluation of the security situation, especially in the area of risks from the aspect of national security. It very clearly states that the situation regarding the "fight against separatists is becoming more acute". This was only briefly mentioned in the past and it was never explicitly stated from where the security threats came. This time it is different and the use of the term "more acute" is also different. So, can you please tell us what considerations went into making these changes? Thank you.

吴谦：

Wu Qian:

白皮书讲到反分裂斗争的形势更加严峻，依据只有一个，那就是事实。因为大家可以看到，民进党自上台以来顽固坚持“台独”分裂立场，拒不承认“九二共识”，对内推行渐进“台独”，对外企图挟洋自重，在分裂道路上越走越远，这是有目共睹的事实。通过白皮书我们想传达的信号是非常清晰明确的：搞“台独”就是死路一条，中国一点也不能少。我们愿意尽最大的努力，争取和平统一的前景，但是我们决不允许任何人、任何组织、任何政党、在任何时候、以任何形式、把任何一块中国领土从中国分裂出去。

When the white paper talks about the fight against separatists being "more acute ", it is based on only one thing, and that is the fact. As you can see, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) stubbornly sticks to "Taiwan independence" since it came to power, refuses to recognize the 1992 Consensus, and promotes a gradual independence within the island. By seeking the help of foreign powers to intervene, they have gone further down the path of separatism. This is a fact that is obvious to all. The signal we want to convey through the white paper is very clear and straightforward: seeking "Taiwan independence" would go nowhere, and China will not allow the loss of a single inch of its sovereign territory. We want to do our utmost to strive for the prospect of peaceful reunification, and will never allow the secession of any part of its territory by anyone, any organization or any political party by any means at any time.

中央广播电视总台国广记者：

CRI:

我们知道，习近平主席非常重视从思想上政治上建设军队，明确提出政治建军是我军的根本性建设，能否介绍一下党的十八大以来军队思想政治建设情况。

As we know, President Xi Jinping has attached vital importance to raise political awareness in the military, which is also seen as a fundamental task for our armed forces. Could you give us an introduction on raising political awareness in the military after the CPC's 18th National Congress?

潘庆华：

Pan Qinghua:

谢谢你的问题。政治工作是我军的生命线，也是我军的最大特色和最大优势。党的十八大以来，军队政治工作紧紧围绕实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，紧紧围绕实现党在新时代的强军目标、把人民军队全面建成世界一流军队，大力改进加强和创新发展，充分发挥了对强军兴军的生命线作用。最根本、最重要的是牢固确立习近平强军思想的指导地位，坚决维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，贯彻中央军委主席负责制，全军政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识进一步增强。

Thanks for your question. Political work is the lifeline of the PLA, as well as its most prominent characteristic and greatest strength. Since the Party's 18th National Congress, in order to achieve the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation and the goal of developing world-class forces in an all-round way, we have made great efforts to reinforce and improve political work and catalyzed innovative development. China's armed forces unswervingly take Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military as the guidance, firmly uphold Xi Jinping's position as the core of the CPC Central Committee and the whole Party, firmly uphold the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership, and follow the CMC Chairman responsibility system, in an effort to further strengthen the consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core and keep in alignment.

集中体现在三个方面：一是紧盯军队过去存在的一些突出问题，印发《关于新形势下军队政治工作若干问题的决定》，坚定不移推进政治整训，重整政治纲纪，把理想信念、党性原则、战略标准、政治工作威信等根本性的东西牢固立起来。二是召开中央军委党的建设会议，着力抓好党的政治建设，严肃党的政治生活，锻造坚强有力的党组织，全面加强新时代军队党的领导和党的建设工作。三是适应强军目标要求，把握新形势下筑魂育人的特点规律，着力培养有灵魂、有本事、有血性、有品德的新时代革命军人，锻造具有铁一般信仰、铁一般信念、铁一般纪律、铁一般担当的过硬部队。

It is reflected in the following three aspects: First, focusing on some prominent problems in the past, "The Decision on Issues Concerning the Army's Political Work Under New Circumstances" was adopted. Efforts to this end include promoting the ideals, values and principles of the Party, establishing new political standards for military personnel, and fostering a culture that values political work ethics. Second, a meeting on Party building of the Central Military Commission was held, so as to enhance its political and theoretical buildup, consolidate organizations, improve conduct, and enforce discipline in the new era. Third, to meet the objective of building a strong military for a new era, great efforts are being made to cultivate officers and soldiers of the new era with faith, ability, courage and integrity, and build troops with iron-like faith, conviction, discipline and commitment.

环球时报记者：

Global Times:

有外媒报道，中央军委装备发展部原副部长钱卫平涉间谍案被捕。请问国防部能否给予证实并发表评论？

According to foreign media reports, Qian Weiping, the former vice head of the Equipment Development Department under the Central Military Commission (CMC) was arrested for alleged spying allegation. What is your comment on these reports?

吴谦：

Wu Qian:

我可以明确地告诉你，钱卫平涉间谍案问题不属实。经了解，钱卫平因涉嫌严重违纪和职务违法犯罪，被中央军委纪委监委立案审查调查。

I can tell you categorically that the spying allegation is false. As far as I know, Qian is now under investigation by the CMC's Discipline Inspection Commission for severe disciplinary violations and work-related crimes.

香港文汇报记者：

Wenhui Po:

我注意到白皮书第五章谈到国防开支，在第42页最后结尾的时候提到，中国国防开支与维护国家主权、安全、发展利益的保障需求相比，与履行大国国际责任义务的保障需求相比，与自身建设发展的保障需求相比，还有很大差距。请问怎么理解这句话？谢谢。

I noticed that the Fifth Chapter of the White Paper covers China's defense expenditure. At the conclusion on Page 42, it states: "There is still a wide gap between China's defense expenditure and the requirements for safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, for fulfilling China's international responsibilities and obligations as a major country, and for China's development." Can you elaborate on this? Thank you.

王太国：

Wang Taiguo:

进入新时代，中国军队依据国家安全和发展战略需求，坚决履行党和人民赋予的使命任务，为巩固中国共产党领导和社会主义制度提供战略支撑，为捍卫国家主权、统一、领土完整提供战略支撑，为维护国家海外利益提供战略支撑，为促进世界和平与发展提供战略支撑。

In the new era, to meet the strategic demands of national security and development, the armed forces are required to firmly implement the missions and tasks entrusted by the CPC and the Chinese people. They are endeavoring to provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system, safeguarding national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, protecting China's overseas interests, and promoting world peace and development.

然而，中国是世界上唯一尚未实现完全统一的大国，是世界上周边安全形势最为复杂的国家之一，中国军队在维护国家主权、领土完整、海洋权益等方面面临严峻挑战。

However, as the only major country yet to be completely reunified, and one of the countries with the most complex peripheral security environment, China faces serious challenges in safeguarding national sovereignty, territorial integrity, and maritime rights and interests.

当前，全球性问题和挑战持续增多，随着中国和中国军队的发展壮大，国际社会对中国军队提供国际公共安全产品的期待不断增大。中国军队积极履行国际责任，广泛参与维和、护航、灾难救援等行动，今后在这方面的投入会越来越大。

Nowadays, with increasing global issues and challenges, as well as the development of China and its armed forces, the international community has higher expectations in regard to the international public security goods provided by the Chinese military. Therefore, our armed forces will spend more in fulfilling their international responsibilities and obligations as well as in participating in peacekeeping operations, vessel protection operations and disaster relief. 

同时，中国军队处于向信息化转型阶段，顺应世界新军事革命发展趋势，推进中国特色军事变革的任务艰巨繁重，可以说仍然任重道远。

At the same time, the armed forces are moving towards coping with the demands of the current informationization era, and shouldering arduous tasks in adapting to trends in worldwide RMA (Revolution in Military Affairs) and speeding up RMA with Chinese characteristics.

正因为如此，中国国防开支与维护国家主权、安全、发展利益的保障需求相比，与履行大国国际责任义务的保障需求相比，与自身建设发展的保障需求相比还有较大差距。中国国防开支将与国家经济发展水平相协调，继续保持适度稳定增长。

Therefore, there is still a wide gap between China's defense expenditure and the requirements for safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, fulfilling our international responsibilities and obligations as a major country, and for the overall development of the country. China's defense expenditure will keep step with national economic development and maintain moderate and steady growth.

台湾中国时报记者：

The China Times:

白皮书第15页当中提到组织舰机绕岛巡航，我们知道，距离明年台湾举行2020年大选还有6个月的时间，解放军会加大军舰战机绕岛巡航的频率吗？台湾有舆论认为，解放军的动作越大，意味着大陆打压威胁台湾，这等于是在帮民进党的候选人助选，拉抬他们的选情。不知道大陆这边会怎么看？另外，日前大陆国防部在蔡英文出访期间发布消息，说解放军在东南沿海举行例行性军演，《环球时报》也引述知情人士说出动了5个军种参加联合演习，对台形成震慑力。请问演习相关情况。

Page 15 of the white paper mentioned "sailing ships and flying aircraft around Taiwan." We know that we are six months away from the 2020 leadership election in Taiwan next year. During that time, will the PLA increase the frequency of warships and aircraft sailing around the island? Some opinions in Taiwan believe that the greater the movement of the People's Liberation Army, the more it will mean that the mainland will suppress and threaten Taiwan -- which will help the Democratic Progressive Party candidates gain popularity in their elections. What is your comment on that? In addition, the mainland's Ministry of National Defense recently put out news during Tsai Ing-wen's foreign visits, saying that the PLA held a routine military exercise on the southeast coast. The Global Times also quoted sources familiar with the matter and said that five military service branches were involved in the joint exercise, which would form a deterrent force for Taiwan. Please tell us about the exercise.

吴谦：

Wu Qian:

确实如你所说，白皮书当中多处提到台湾，显示出台湾问题事关中国核心利益，具有极端的重要性。我们认为，骨肉天亲、血浓于水，我们愿以最大的诚意、尽最大的努力争取和平统一的前景。但是我们必须坚决指出，搞“台独”是死路一条。如果有人胆敢试图把台湾从中国分裂出去，中国军队必将不惜一战，坚决捍卫国家的主权统一和领土完整。

Indeed, as you said, many references about Taiwan in the white paper show that the Taiwan issue is of vital importance to China's core interests. We believe that the mainland and Taiwan share natural kinship, and that blood is thicker than the water. We are willing to strive for the prospect of peaceful reunification with the utmost sincerity and best efforts. However, we must resolutely point out that engaging in "Taiwan independence" is a dead end. If anyone dares to try to separate Taiwan from China, the Chinese army will certainly not hesitate to fight and resolutely defend the sovereign and territorial integrity of the country.

关于第二个问题问到东南沿海的演习，这个问题国防部已经发布了信息，在这里我没有需要补充的内容。

Regarding the second question about the exercise on the southeast coast, the Ministry of National Defense has released information on this issue, and I have nothing to add here.

中国新闻社记者：

China News Service:

白皮书中提到，新时代中国国防的战略指导是贯彻落实新时代军事战略方针。这个新时代军事战略方针有没有进一步的内容可以披露和介绍的？谢谢。

The white paper mentions that the strategic guidance for China's national defense in the new era is to implement the military strategic guideline for a new era. Could you further introduce the strategic guideline? Thank you.

蔡志军：

Cai Zhijun:

谢谢您的提问。新中国成立以来，我军继承积极防御战略思想和战略传统，先后对军事战略方针进行了八次重大调整，平均8至10年调整一次，每次对军事战略方针作出重大调整主要基于三个方面因素：一是党的战略思想和军事政策是制定和调整军事战略方针的根本指导；二是国际战略格局重大变化及对国家安全环境的影响，是制定和调整军队战略方针的客观依据；三是科学技术的发展进步，引发军事领域的深刻变革，特别是战争形态的演变，是制定和调整军事战略方针的主要动因。

Thank you for your question. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the PLA has inherited the strategic concept and tradition of active defense and made eight major adjustments to the military strategic guideline, on average once every eight to ten years. Every adjustment was made in accordance with three principles: first, the strategic concept and military policies of the CPC are the fundamental guidance for formulating and adjusting military strategy; second, the profound changes of the international strategic landscape and its impact on national security environment are the objective reference; and third, the profound changes in military regard resulted from scientific and technological progress, especially the evolving form of war, are the motivation. 

这次制定出台新时代军事战略方针是习近平主席把握时代发展大势，总揽国家安全全局，创新军事战略指导作出的重大决策，是推动全面建成世界一流军队，支撑实现中华民族伟大复兴的战略之举。出台这一方针的形势背景主要有四个方面：一是党的创新理论不断丰富发展。党的十九大将习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，习近平强军思想确立为全党全军的指导思想，要求与时俱进，创新军事战略指导。二是国家发展确立新的战略目标。党的十九大明确，新的“三步走”发展蓝图赋予军队新时代使命任务，提出全面建成世界一流军队的宏伟目标，要求军事战略指导跟上强国强军的步伐。三是国际战略形势发生深刻复杂变化。当今世界正面临百年未有之大变局，必然带来百年未有之不确定性因素，国家安全可预测和不可预测的风险挑战增多，要求军事战略指导适应国家安全和发展需求。四是军队改革实现了历史性革命性重塑。按照“军委管总、战区主战、军种主建”新格局，组建了五大战区，新的军种和部队，对军事力量运用和建设提出了新的指导要求。

The military strategic guideline for a new era is an important decision made by President Xi Jinping after tapping into the prevailing trend of development, with an overall vision on national security and innovation on military strategic guidance. The guideline is introduced in the following contexts: 

First, the Party's new theories have been constantly enriched and developed. The 19th CPC National Congress established Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military as the guiding ideology of the Party and the military, requiring us to advance with the times and innovate the strategic guidance.

Second, there are new strategic goals for national development. The 19th CPC National Congress mapped out the new "three-step" development blueprint, which entrusts the military with missions and tasks for the new era, and put forward the ambitious goal of transforming our people's armed forces into world-class forces in all respects, which demands the strategic guidance to meet the requirements of building a strong country with a strong military.

Third, the international strategic landscape has undergone profound and complicated changes. We live in a world of profound changes unseen in a century, where uncertainties unseen in a century inevitably exist. Increasing risks and challenges, both predictable and unpredictable, require the strategic guidance to better respond to national security and development demands. 

Fourth, reforms of the armed forces have realized a historic and revolutionary restructuring. Adhering to the general principle of "the CMC exercising overall leadership, the TCs responsible for military operations and the services focusing on developing capabilities," we established five theater commands, new services and units. This has put forward new requirements for the strategic guidance in regard to the building and employment of military forces.

新时代军事战略方针，坚持走和平发展道路，坚持奉行防御性国防政策，坚持永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围，坚持积极防御军事战略，坚持走中国特色强军之路，是全面贯彻党的十九大精神，全面贯彻习近平强军思想，指导新时代军事力量运用与建设的方针。这一方针它承载着历史使命有四个方面：一是确立军事战略根本指导，将习近平军事战略思想确立为新时代军事战略指导思想作为魂和纲，真正立起来、落下去。二是服从服务于国家发展需要，围绕有效履行新时代军队使命任务，深入研究回答国家由大向强发展关键阶段一系列重大战略课题。三是加强军事战略的整体运筹。站在政治和全局的高度，立足当前、着眼发展，扭住战略枢纽，创新战略指导。四是强化备战打仗鲜明导向。作为战争方略，推动一切工作向备战打仗聚焦，引领备战打仗工作实现大的加强。谢谢。

By implementing the military strategic guideline for a new era, China will remain committed to peaceful development and pursue a defensive national defense policy, never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence, sticking to the strategic concept of active defense and continuing to strengthen the military in the Chinese way. The guideline fully put into effect the guiding principles of the 19th CPC National Congress as well as Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military. As a guideline for the building and employment of military forces in the new era, it bears four historic missions:

First, it has established the fundamental guidance for military strategy. It established Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military as the military strategic guidance for a new era, and fully implements it as faith and principle.

Second, it is subordinate to and in the service of national development. Focusing on effectively fulfilling the military's tasks and missions in the new era, it, through in-depth study, gives answers to a string of major strategic issues concerning the critical juncture of China's development. 

Third, it has enhanced the holistic planning of the military strategy. It takes a political and comprehensive perspective, basing in the present while looking ahead to the development, seizing the strategic key point, so as to innovate the strategic guidance. 

Fourth, it has stressed the focus on enhancing military preparedness and combat capabilities. It has prompted all work serving the aim of strengthening military preparedness and enhancing combat capabilities and made significant achievements in this regard. Thank you.

胡凯红：

Hu Kaihong:

时间关系，最后两个提问。

The last two questions please, due to time considerations.

纽约时报记者：

New York Times:

In the white paper you refer to, seeking partnerships rather than alliances, and you already mentioned the joint patrol yesterday with Russia. Do you anticipate more or deepening operations with Russia or any other countries? And related to that, there were reports this week of China seeking a basing arrangement with its neighbor forces in Cambodia, do you also see and anticipate additional efforts to establish operating bases or arrangements with other countries in other parts of world? Thank you very much.

我想问两个问题：第一，白皮书指出，中国致力于结伴而不是结盟，但是之前也提到，昨天中国军队和俄罗斯军队进行联合巡航，今后中国会不会继续与俄罗斯以及其他国家执行类似联合巡航的任务呢？第二，本周有报道指出，中国要在柬埔寨建立军事基地，今后中国会不会在柬埔寨以及其他国家也建立军事基地呢？

吴谦：

Wu Qian:

你刚才的问题当中包含几个小问题，我一一作答。

Your questions comprise several specific points, to which I'll respond one by one.

第一，关于中国的对外军事关系，中国积极发展对外建设性军事关系，形成全方位、宽领域、多层次的军事外交新格局。我们致力于对话不对抗、结伴不结盟，你在问题当中提到，中俄是否会继续举行此类联合战略巡航行动，今后中俄两军将协商确定各类务实性合作项目。大家都知道，随着中俄两国关系进入新时代，中俄两军关系也进入新时代，在两国元首的战略引领下，中俄两军将把新时代中俄军事关系不断推向新的历史高度。双方将加大在涉及彼此核心利益问题上相互支持的力度，完善各层次各领域交流合作机制，在高层交往、战略性合作、实战化训练、装备技术发展、反恐等领域深入合作，持续为维护世界和平、全球战略稳定提供正能量。

First, it concerns foreign military relations. China actively develops constructive relationships with foreign military forces. A new configuration of foreign military relationships that is all-dimensional, wide-ranging and multi-tiered is taking shape. However, what we are engaged in are dialogues rather than confrontations, and partnerships rather than alliances. Regarding your questions about whether China and Russia will continue to hold joint aerial patrol, this will depend on the negotiations and decisions reached between the two sides on pragmatic cooperative programs. As we all know, the military relationship between China and Russia, following the epochal bilateral ties, is entering a new era. Under the strategic blueprint charted by the two State leaders, the bilateral military relationship is expected to achieve historical peaks one after another. The two countries will support each other's core interests, improve cooperative institutions on multi-tiered levels and expand cooperation in high-level exchanges, strategic partnership, military training, equipment technology and counter-terrorism. In doing so, we are positively acting to fulfill our duties to safeguard global peace and strategic stability.

你还提到了所谓中国在柬建军事基地的问题，这个问题之前相关部门已经辟过谣，这个说法是不属实的。中柬两军一直以来在军事训练、人员培训、后勤装备等方面开展着良好的交流合作，这种合作不针对第三方。

In addition, you asked about the so-called military base arrangement in Cambodia. Our relevant administrations have already clearly stated that this is nothing but rumors. Although the two countries have maintained good cooperation through exchanges in military exercises, personnel training, logistical services and equipment development, our partnership targets no third party.

胡凯红：

Hu Kaihong:

最后一个提问。

The last question.

香港NOW宽频电视记者：

Now TV (Hong Kong):

香港最近发生了那么多的冲突和示威，请问国防部如何研判香港的形势。还有，现在会不会

There have been so many conflicts and demonstrations in Hong Kong recently. How did the Ministry of National Defense evaluate and judge the situation there? Also, do you feel that some "Hong Kong independence" forces are also on the rise, and, if so, how will the Ministry of National Defense handle this?

觉得有一些“港独”势力也在抬头，国防部会如何处理这件事？

吴谦：

Wu Qian:

近一段时间以来，我们密切关注香港形势的发展，特别是对21日发生的示威游行及暴力事件以及激进分子冲击中联办的事件，对此港澳办已经作出了回应。部分激进示威者的行为挑战中央政府的权威，触碰“一国两制”的原则底线，是绝对不能容忍的。东方之珠不容玷污。关于你提的具体问题，驻军法第3章第14条已有明确规定。

In recent weeks, we have closely followed development of the situation in Hong Kong, especially the demonstrations and violent incidents on July 21, as well as the incident in which radical demonstrators violently besieged and stormed the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the HKSAR. The Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council has already responded to this. The behaviors of some radical demonstrators have blatantly challenged the authority of the central government and touched the bottom line of the principle of "one country, two systems." Such behaviors are absolutely intolerable. "The Pearl of the Orient", Hong Kong, is not to be tarnished. Regarding the specific question you raised, the answer is that Article 14 of Chapter 3 of the HKSAR Garrison Law of the People's Republic of China has specific provisions in this regard.

胡凯红：

Hu Kaihong:

今天发布会到此结束。谢谢各位。

This concludes the press conference today. Thank you all.

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