中国之新年愿望：禁烟
The Word From Beijing: Thank You for Not Smoking
中国政府的新年愿望是：禁烟。
中国工业和信息化部最近公布的禁烟计划显示，中国领导人力争到2015年将烟民占中国人口的比例从2010年的28%降至25%。卫生部、财政部和外交部以及烟草局、质检总局、海关总署和工商总局等部门联合制定方案，禁止在公共场合吸烟，同时也禁止烟草公司打广告或进行赞助。
China's government has a New Year's resolution: to stamp out smoking.
Leaders aim to reduce smokers to 25% of the population by 2015, down from 28% in 2010, according to a smoking-cessation plan the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology published recently. The work of the ministries of health, finance and foreign affairs, as well as the administrations of tobacco, safety, customs, industry and commerce, it plots moves to ban smoking in public places and end ads and sponsorships by tobacco companies.
华盛顿智库布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)的一份研究报告显示，中国有三亿烟民，占世界吸烟人口的四分之一，每年消费全球香烟总量的三分之一。
China is home to 300 million smokers, a quarter of the world total, and they burn up a third of the world's cigarettes, according to a study from the Brookings Institution, a Washington think tank.
在中国这项禁烟计划出台数周前，世界卫生组织(WHO)官员曾敦促中国政府到2025年将其吸烟率至少降低30%，具体方式是向民众做宣传，告诉他们吸烟和摄取过量盐分等习惯可导致罹患慢性病和过早死亡。
The stub-smoking initiative comes weeks after World Health Organization officials urged China's government to reduce smoking rates by at least 30% by 2025 through programs teaching that habits such as tobacco use and excessive salt intake can lead to chronic diseases and early death.
据WHO统计，每年有100多万中国人死于与吸烟有关的疾病，而且吸烟是造成中国人慢性病发病率高的原因之一。在中国的死亡人数中，有80%为慢性病所致，医疗支出中也有70%是用于慢性病的治疗。
Smoking-related sicknesses kill more than one million Chinese citizens each year, according to the WHO, and smoking contributes to the country's high rates of chronic disease -- which accounts for 80% of deaths and 70% of health expenditure.
批评中国禁烟计划的人说，该计划缺乏具体的执行细节。2011年中国曾公布过一份禁烟令，禁止在酒店和餐厅等公共场所吸烟，但实施得并不好。
Critics of China's tobacco plan say enforcement details are lacking. A smoking ban in public places such as hotels and restaurants, announced in 2011, has been only loosely applied.
中国国有英文报纸《中国日报》(China Daily)刊登的一篇文章说，除各地方政府出台的禁烟法规以及在公共场合安装的“禁止吸烟”标识外，几乎没有贯彻禁烟令的具体规定。文章还说，几乎没有人因为违反禁烟令受到相应处罚。此外，文章还指出，中国国内的香烟盒上缺少健康警示图案，而在其它国家，香烟外包装上可能会印有令人不寒而栗的图像。
'Apart from the legal codes legislated by various local governments on banning smoking and installing 'no smoking' signs in public places, there are hardly any specific rules to enforce the ban,' an editorial in the state-owned China Daily said, adding, 'Besides, very few smokers have received due punishment violating the ban.' The editorial also notes that cigarette packages lack graphic health warnings -- which in other parts of the world can include gruesome images.
北京方面长期以来一直在说，决心解决吸烟问题，但到目前为止收效甚微。WHO的数据显示，香烟在中国的售价仍很低廉，不到1美元就可买包烟。WHO去年建议，中国应将烟草税增加两倍至70%，从而在价格上令年轻的准吸烟者望而却步。
Beijing has said long said it is determined to tackle the country's smoking problem, but so far has had little success. Cigarettes remain cheap -- available for less than $1 for a pack, according to the WHO, which recommended last year that China triple its tobacco tax to 70% to discourage young would-be smokers from buying.
布鲁金斯学会的研究报告指出，中国政府对禁烟的兴趣有些令人怀疑：烟草业对中央财政税收的贡献在7%至10%之间。2011年，这个数字约为人民币6,000亿元（合963亿美元）。
The Brookings study points out that the government's interests in the tobacco fight are a bit cloudy: The tobacco industry contributes between 7% to 10% of the central government's total revenue, according to the study -- around 600 billion yuan ($96.3 billion) in 2011.
布鲁金斯学会的研究报告说，禁烟过程甚至可能引发家庭矛盾。预计将于今年3月正式成为中国国务院总理的李克强届时将负责公共卫生，而李克强的弟弟李克明则是中国国家烟草局副局长。
There's even the stuff of a family squabble in all this, the Brookings study said: Li Keqiang, who will oversee public health when he officially becomes China's vice premier in March, is the brother of Li Keming -- deputy director of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.
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2013-01-04
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