波音787梦想飞机全球停飞
All Boeing Dreamliners Are Grounded World-Wide
周四，全球监管机构和航空公司完成了对波音公司(Boeing Co.)生产的所有787梦想飞机(Dreamliner)的停飞工作。此前美国航空管理局(Federal Aviation Administration, 简称：FAA)在周三晚上做出停飞美国境内所有787客机的指令，以此作为涉及波音旗舰客机787两起主电池故障的一系列安全事件的回应。
Regulators and airlines completed a global grounding of all Boeing Co. BA +1.24% 787 Dreamliners on Thursday, after a U.S. Federal Aviation Administration directive Wednesday evening in response to incidents involving two major battery malfunctions on the plane maker's flagship jets.
和全球其它民用航空监管机构一样，欧洲航空安全局(European Aviation Safety Agency)也效仿了FAA的做法，因为FAA负责监管波音并为787颁发适航证书。周三日本、智利、波兰和印度四国的航空公司停飞787之后，埃塞俄比亚航空公司(Ethiopian Airlines)和卡塔尔航空公司(Qatar Airways)也停飞了各自的787客机。
The European Aviation Safety Agency, like other civil-aviation regulators around the world, followed the FAA's lead because the U.S. agency oversees Boeing and certified the Dreamliner. Ethiopian Airlines and Qatar Airways also grounded their 787s, after similar moves by airlines in Japan, Chile, Poland and India on Wednesday.
欧洲航空安全局发言人富达(Dominique Fouda)周四说，眼下全球没有波音787执飞的航班。
'There is no Boeing 787 flying anywhere in the world at the moment,' Dominique Fouda, a spokesman for the European air-safety regulator, said Thursday.
这是40年来FAA首次采取如此严厉的措施彻底停飞一款主要客机。FAA要求波音及其航空公司客户“制定出一套纠正行动方案”。
It is the first time in four decades that U.S. regulators have pursued such drastic action to effectively ground a major airliner. The FAA called for Boeing and its airline customers 'to develop a corrective action plan.'
欧洲航空安全局说，该机构的指令影响到波兰航空公司(LOT Polish Airlines SA)运营的两架787客机。波兰的民用航空主管部门早些时候采取了类似措施。
The European safety agency's order affects two aircraft operated by LOT Polish Airlines SA, the regulator said. Poland's civil-aviation authority earlier took a similar measure.
据知情人士透露，在美国，由787执飞的航班最快只要再过几天或下周初就可以复飞。这些知情人士预计，如果FAA迅速批复波音起草的各种临时安全改进方案，那么上述情况可能发生。
In the U.S., flights could resume in as soon as a few days or at the beginning of next week, according to people familiar with matter. That could happen, they predict, if the FAA signs off quickly on various interim safety improvements Boeing has drafted.
波音公司首席执行长(CEO)迈克纳尼(Jim McNerney)说，该公司致力于支持FAA，并将尽快找到解决方案。在FAA的通告发布前，迈克纳尼曾同FAA官员讨论过此事。
Boeing Chief Executive Jim McNerney, who discussed the matter with FAA officials before the announcement, said the company 'is committed to supporting the FAA and finding answers as quickly as possible.'
迈克纳尼补充说，波音公司正争分夺秒地同客户和各个监管及调查机构展开合作。
Mr. McNerney added that Boeing is working 'around the clock with its customers and the various regulatory and investigative authorities.'
波音公司在声明中也说，我们对787客机的安全抱有信心，我们为787客机的整体质量做出担保。该公司还说，对此事给航空公司和乘客带来的影响“深表遗憾”。波音公司总部位于芝加哥。
The Boeing statement also said 'we are confident the 787 is safe, and we stand behind its overall integrity.' The Chicago-based plane maker added that it 'deeply regrets the impact' on airlines and passengers.
FAA的紧急指令是在全日空(All Nippon Airways Co.)的一架787客机在日本国内被迫进行紧急着陆和人员疏散之后做出的。飞行报警显示全日空这架787客机的主电池过热，导致机舱内出现烧焦的气味，但似乎没有冒烟。知情人士说，起飞前飞机的电脑系统曾就电池故障提出警告，但警告信息显示在驾驶舱数据系统中，起飞前飞行员通常不会浏览数据系统中的信息。
The FAA's emergency order came after an All Nippon Airways Co. 9202.TO -0.55% 787 in Japan was forced to make an emergency landing and evacuation. In-flight alarms indicated overheating on the jet's main battery that caused a burning smell in the cabin, but apparently no smoke. The plane's computers warned of a battery fault prior to takeoff, according to a person familiar with the details, but the warning was displayed in part of the cockpit's data system that pilots don't routinely scan just before departure.
日本航空安全官员周四开始对这起事故进行调查，并说电池内部看起来像被烧毁并膨胀起来。日本运输安全委员会(Japan Transportation Safety Board)向上述客机着陆地点派出的五位调查员之一的Hideyo Kosugi说，烧焦的电池看上去像是木炭。
Japanese aviation-safety officials began their investigation of the incident on Thursday and said the inside of the battery appeared to be burned and swollen. 'It was like charcoal,' said Hideyo Kosugi, one of the five investigators of the Japan Transportation Safety Board dispatched to the landing site.
FAA表示，复飞前波音必须向其证明787先进的锂离子电池是安全的。FAA官员说，他们将同波音公司和航空公司合作，尽快让相关航班复飞。但FAA同时表示，仍在试图确定最近发生的两起电池起火事故的根本原因。
The FAA said that before further flight, Boeing must demonstrate to the agency that the 787's advanced lithium-ion batteries are safe. FAA officials said they would work with the company and carriers to allow flights 'as quickly as possible,' but the agency also said it is still trying to determine the root causes of two recent battery fires.
美国监管机构已经为围绕787客机是否有必要进行更大范围的设计变更可能引发的长达数月的辩论做好了准备。FAA周三宣布的指令让航空航天业界感到震惊，但指令公布的同时无论是FAA还是波音都没有就所需采取的举措提出任何清晰的路径，以恢复公众对这一双引擎客机的信心。
U.S. regulators likely set the stage for months of debate over whether broader 787 design changes are necessary. Wednesday's announcement, which shocked the aerospace industry, came without either the FAA or Boeing publicly sketching out any clear path for what needs to be done to restore public confidence in the fleet of twin-engine jets.
FAA的指令只适用于在美国注册的787客机，这意味着它只会影响美国联合航空公司(United Airlines)运营的六架787客机。联合航空公司是美国联合美国大陆控股有限公司(United Continental Holdings Inc., UAL)的子公司，目前是美国唯一一家运营787客机的航空公司。
The FAA's order applies only to U.S.-registered Dreamliners, meaning it will affect only the six 787s operated by United Airlines, a unit of United Continental Holdings Inc., UAL -1.68% which is currently the jet's only U.S. operator.
联合航空公司表示，将立即遵守FAA的指令，配合FAA和波音的工作，努力恢复787的飞行。该公司表示，原本由787执飞的航线将用其他机型代替。
United said it would immediately comply with the FAA order and cooperate with the agency and Boeing 'as we work toward restoring 787 service.' It said it would substitute other planes on the routes currently flown by its 787s.
全日空和日本航空(Japan Airlines)在周三的事故发生后停飞了各自的787机队，停飞时间至少两天。这两大航空公司是787的前两个全球客户。除了联合航空公司，智利国家航空(Lan Airlines)停飞了其运营的三架787客机。智利国家航空是LATAM Airlines Group的子公司。停飞令宣布时，波兰航空公司从华沙飞往芝加哥的由787执飞的首航航班正在飞行途中，之后该公司取消了返回波兰的航班。
Both ANA and Japan Airlines 9201.TO +0.27% ─the first two global customers for the 787─grounded their fleets of Dreamliners after Wednesday's incident for at least two days. In addition to United, Chile's Lan Airlines, a unit of the LATAM Airlines Group, LAN.SN +1.07% grounded its fleet of three Dreamliners. LOT Polish airlines, whose inaugural 787 service to Chicago was en route from Warsaw when the grounding was announced, canceled the return trip to Poland.
拥有六架787客机的印度航空(Air India)也表示将停飞787机队。
Air India, with six 787s, also said it grounded its fleet.
据行业官员和政府官员透露，波音公司已经向美日监管机构提出了一些临时改进措施，增加了对电池健康度的检查以及定期检查的频率，以此作为让787迅速复飞的手段。FAA官员正在审议这些提议。
Boeing already has proposed some interim operational changes, enhanced battery-health checks and frequent inspections to U.S. and Japanese regulators, as a way to quickly get the jetliners back in the air, according to industry and government officials. FAA officials are reviewing those suggestions.
WSJ
2013-01-18
WSJ
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