习近平博鳌讲话为区域关系奠定基调

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习近平博鳌讲话为区域关系奠定基调

天之聪教育 2013-05-02 天之聪教育 245次

习近平博鳌讲话为区域关系奠定基调

China's Leader Warns On 'Hot Spots'

Chinese President Xi Jinping on Sunday stepped into the growing tensions on the Korean peninsula with a carefully worded warning that no country should be allowed to destabilize the world.

中国国家主席习近平周日在讲话中提到了朝鲜半岛日益紧张的局势，他用谨慎的措辞提出警告，称不允许任何国家破坏世界的稳定。

Mr. Xi's language in an opening speech to the three-day Boao Forum for Asia appeared to be deliberately ambiguous, naming no nation directly. Acknowledging Asian 'frictions' and 'hot spots,' Mr. Xi said, 'No one should be allowed to throw a region and even the whole world into chaos for selfish gains.'

习近平在为期三天的博鳌亚洲论坛开幕式上发表的致辞似乎刻意含糊其词，没有直接点到哪个国家的名字。在承认亚洲存在“摩擦”和“热点”之后，习近平说，任何国家都不能为一己之私把一个地区乃至世界搞乱。

The ambiguity itself was an unusual step as Mr. Xi's comments were worded in such a way that they could be construed as an admonition of China's belligerent neighbor. But he didn't directly name North Korea, or make any reference to the nuclear threat or diplomacy on the Korean peninsula.

措辞含糊并非寻常之举，习近平的讲话可以被理解为对朝鲜这个中国的好战邻居提出的告诫。但他没有直接点出朝鲜的名字，也没有提到朝鲜半岛的核威胁或外交问题。

It would be a major move for China to publicly chide Pyongyang, and one fraught with domestic political risks for Mr. Xi given the strong support for North Korea within the powerful People's Liberation Army, which Mr. Xi now leads.

中国如果公开指责平壤，这将是一个重大举措。对习近平来说此举充满了国内政治风险，因为在实力强大的中国军方内部，很多军事将领大力支持朝鲜。习近平现为中央军委主席。

Yet Chinese public opinion is turning against North Korea, and some academics are openly calling for China to turn its back on a socialist neighbor described in Chinese propaganda as being as 'close as lips and teeth.'

但中国国内舆论则转向抨击朝鲜的一面，部分学者公开呼吁中国不要再向这个社会主义邻邦提供帮助。按照中国官方的宣传，中朝关系“唇齿相依”。

The U.S. is putting pressure on China to rein in its close ally North Korea, which relies on China for food and fuel but is testing Beijing's patience by aggressively pursuing nuclear weapons and missile programs. The U.S. is responding to North Korea's actions and bellicose rhetoric by beefing up its missile defenses and flying bombers to South Korea in a display of support for its Asian ally.

目前，美国正敦促中国向朝鲜施压。尽管朝鲜的食品和能源供应在很大程度上要依靠中国，但朝鲜多次宣称要拥有核武器及进行导弹测试，这实际也是在挑战中国的耐心。作为对朝鲜各种动作及其挑衅论调的回应以及对其亚洲盟友的支持，美国已加强导弹防御系统并向韩国派遣了战略轰炸机。

Still, there was no clear evidence that Mr. Xi had North Korea specifically in mind in a wide-ranging speech that sought to establish the tone of his new administration's relationship with countries in the region that are reliant on China for their prosperity but wary of its military ambitions.

不过，习近平在其内容广泛的讲话中并没有流露出着重关注朝鲜的明确迹象，而他的此次讲话意在为中国新一届政府与周边国家的关系定下了基调。亚洲国家在推动经济繁荣发展方面依赖与中国的关系，但却对中国的军事发展战略感到忧心忡忡。

A senior editor at a Communist Party newspaper said Mr. Xi deliberately used vague language. 'You can't say for sure that his comments were directed against any single country,' he said. 'It could be the U.S. It could be Japan,' said the editor, who declined to be identified. 'China is also angry with the Philippines.'

中共党报的一位资深编辑说，习近平故意含糊其辞。他说，你无法确定他的讲话是具体针对哪个国家。这位不愿具名的编辑说，他指的可能是美国，可能是日本，中国对菲律宾也很不满。

One risk for China in putting public pressure on North Korea is that it could look weak and ineffectual if its words failed to elicit a change in Pyongyang's behavior.

对中国来说，公开向朝鲜施压的风险之一在于这可能让中国看上去显得软弱。且如果中国的言论未能导致平壤方面的行为发生变化，外界会认为中国在半岛问题上不起作用。

Hard evidence that the exasperation of the Chinese leadership with Pyongyang has reached a critical point would be if Beijing began choking off supplies of food and crude oil that prop up the North Korean economy. So far, although China supports limited sanctions, diplomats say its enforcement record is patchy.

中国领导层对平壤深深不满的情绪是否已经达到临界点的确凿证据在于，北京是否开始考虑切断支撑朝鲜经济的食品和原油等物资供应。到目前为止，虽然中国支持对朝有限制裁，但外交人士说中国对朝制裁的执行情况并不完全令人满意。

China often levels accusations at the U.S. for what it considers to be Washington's own destabilizing behavior, in particular the U.S. strategic 'pivot' to Asia now that it is disentangling itself from conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. China sees the pivot as part of a broader U.S. conspiracy to contain Beijing's strategic rise in the world and put down a potential economic challenger.

中国常常因那些在其看来属华盛顿破坏世界稳定的行为指责美国，尤其是在美国从伊拉克和阿富汗战争脱身且战略性重返亚洲的情况下。中国认为美国重返亚洲是美国一个庞大阴谋的组成部分，这一阴谋是为了遏制中国在全球的战略性崛起，打压美国在经济上的一个潜在挑战者。

At one point in the speech, Mr. Xi warned that the world shouldn't become 'an arena where gladiators fight each other.'

习近平在演讲中告诫说，世界不该变为“一个相互角力的竞技场”。

'Rather than undercutting each other's efforts, countries should complement each other and work for joint progress,' he said.

习近平说，各个国家不能这边搭台、那边拆台，而应该相互补台、好戏连台。

Analysts say China is conflicted in its approach to North Korea. Pyongyang's new leader, Kim Jong Eun, has clearly offended China with his nuclear saber-rattling, and Beijing has signed up to new economic sanctions designed to squeeze Mr. Kim and the North Korean elite. Yet many analysts believe China will never abandon a country that provides a buffer against U.S. forces in South Korea.

分析人士称，中国在处理与朝鲜关系的问题上是矛盾的。朝鲜最高领导人金正恩(Kim Jong Eun)近来在核方面的一系列强硬动作明显令中国感到不满，而中国此前加入到针对朝鲜的新的经济制裁行动当中。尽管如此，许多分析师仍认为中国不会放弃一个能牵制美国在韩势力的国家。

Mr. Xi was followed on the podium by Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard, who said she welcomed 'the growing cooperation of all regional governments to prevent conflict on the Korean peninsula and to counter North Korean aggression.'

澳大利亚总理吉拉德(Julia Gillard)在习近平之后发表演讲称，她对亚洲各国政府在预防朝鲜半岛冲突和应对朝鲜挑衅方面加强合作表示欢迎。

On the Korean peninsula, 'any aggression is a threat to the interests of every country in the region,' she said.

她称，朝鲜半岛出现的任何挑衅行为都会对亚洲所有国家利益构成威胁。

Mr. Xi completed his rise to power by taking over the presidency at the National People's Congress in March. His speech to the forum was closely watched for hints at how he intends to develop relations with a region anxious about Beijing's increasingly assertive diplomacy. Relations with Japan and much of Southeast Asia have been tested by conflicting territorial claims.

习近平于今年3月份全国人大会议期间完成权力交接成为中国国家主席。他在博鳌论坛上的演讲备受关注。在当前中国政府持越发自信的外交立场之际，外界希望从习近平的讲话中寻获他将如何发展与亚洲其他国家关系的暗示。中国与日本以及不少东南亚国家间的关系近期一直受到领土争端的考验。

Mr. Xi echoed the major theme of previous administrations that China's economic rise will be peaceful, and that it seeks dialogue with its neighbors in the world's fastest-growing economic region. But he offered no suggestion of softer diplomacy.

习近平同时重申了上一届政府的论调，称中国将通过争取和平的环境发展经济，并寻求与亚洲邻国通过对话协商解决分歧。但他并未暗示将采取软外交。

'China will continue to properly handle differences and frictions with some countries,' he said. But he said China would defend its 'sovereignty, security and territorial integrity.' China's expansive claims to sovereignty cover the entire South China Sea and its rich energy, mineral and fishery resources.

习近平表示，中国将继续妥善处理同有关国家的分歧和摩擦。但他说中国将捍卫国家主权、安全和领土完整。中国庞大的主权要求覆盖整个南中国海（中国称南海）及其丰富的能源、矿产和渔业资源。

In contrast to his staid predecessor, Hu Jintao, Mr. Xi's language was colorful and direct. 'Peace, like air and sunshine, is hardly noticed when people are benefiting from it. But none of us can live without them,' he said.

与前任胡锦涛不同的是，习近平的语言丰富多彩并且直接。他说，和平犹如空气和阳光，受益而不觉，失之则难存。

Friction between countries is inevitable, he said. 'What is important is that they should resolve differences through dialogue, consultation and peaceful negotiations in the larger interest of the sound growth of their relations.'

他同时表示，各国交往频繁，磕磕碰碰在所难免，关键是要坚持通过对话协商与和平谈判，妥善解决矛盾分歧，维护相互关系发展大局。

On the economy, Mr. Xi stressed the benefits to the region of a country that is taking in imports, investing overseas and sending abroad tens of millions of tourists who spend lavishly on luxury goods and services.

习近平在谈到经济方面时强调了中国大力进口、对外投资和数千万人出境旅游给亚洲经济带来的裨益。

The global economy is 'fraught with risks' and Asia faces a 'bumpy and twisting' road ahead, Mr. Xi said.

习近平说，全球经济充满风险，亚洲还需要爬一道道的坡、过一道道的坎。

On the economy, Mr. Xi said China is shifting its growth model to rely more on consumption, a transition that some economists believe will be hard to pull off and may even stall the country's advance.

在谈到经济问题时习近平说，中国经济正在朝着依靠拉动消费来促进增长的方向转变。一些经济学家认为，这种经济增长模式的转型将很难实现，甚至有可能拖累中国经济增长。

While conceding that China 'faces many difficulties and challenges,' Mr. Xi asserted that 'we have full confidence in China's future.'

尽管承认中国发展仍面临着不少困难和挑战，但习近平坚称，展望未来，我们充满信心。