国务院新闻办新闻局副局长、新闻发言人邢慧娜:

Xing Huina:

各位记者朋友，大家上午好。欢迎大家出席今天上午的国务院新闻办新闻发布会，今天我们请到的是国家统计局新闻发言人、国民经济综合统计司司长刘爱华女士，请她向大家介绍上半年国民经济运行的基本情况。

Friends from the media, good morning. Welcome to this press conference held by the State Council Information Office (SCIO). We are joined by Ms. Liu Aihua, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and director general of the Department of Comprehensive Statistics of the NBS. Ms. Liu will first introduce the details concerning China's economic performance in the first half of 2021 and then answer your questions.

下面，有请刘爱华女士介绍情况。

Now, let's give the floor to Ms. Liu.

国家统计局新闻发言人、国民经济综合统计司司长刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

大家上午好，首先我向大家介绍一下今年上半年国民经济运行的基本情况，然后回答大家的提问。

Good morning, I'll start by briefing you all on China's economic performance in the first half of this year and then take your questions.

上半年国民经济稳中加固稳中向好。上半年，面对复杂多变的国内外环境，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，持续巩固拓展疫情防控和经济社会发展成果，精准实施宏观政策，我国经济持续稳定恢复，生产需求继续回升，就业物价总体稳定，新动能快速成长，质量效益稳步提高，市场主体预期向好，主要宏观指标处于合理区间，经济发展呈现稳中加固、稳中向好态势。

In the first half of the year, the steady and sound growth momentum of the national economy was further consolidated. In the first half of this year, faced with a complicated and changing environment both at home and abroad, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, all regions and departments strictly implemented the decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, continued to consolidate the achievements made in the epidemic prevention and control and the economic and social development, and implemented accurate macro policies. China's economy sustained a steady recovery with both production and demand picking up, employment and prices remaining stable, new driving forces beginning to quickly thrive, quality and efficiency enhancing, market expectations improving and major macro indicators staying within a reasonable range. The steady and sound growth momentum of the national economy was further consolidated.

初步核算，上半年国内生产总值532167亿元，按可比价格计算，同比增长12.7%，比一季度回落5.6个百分点；两年平均增长5.3%，两年平均增速比一季度加快0.3个百分点。分季度看，一季度同比增长18.3%，两年平均增长5.0%；二季度增长7.9%，两年平均增长5.5%。分产业看，上半年第一产业增加值28402亿元，同比增长7.8%，两年平均增长4.3%；第二产业增加值207154亿元，同比增长14.8%，两年平均增长6.1%；第三产业增加值296611亿元，同比增长11.8%，两年平均增长4.9%。从环比看，二季度国内生产总值增长1.3%。

According to the preliminary estimates, the gross domestic product (GDP) of China in the first half of the year was 53.22 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.7% at comparable prices, 5.6 percentage points lower than that of the first quarter. Meanwhile, the average two-year growth was 5.3%, a 0.3 percentage points faster than that of the first quarter. By quarter, the year-on-year GDP growth for the first quarter was 18.3%, with an average two-year growth of 5%; and it was 7.9% for the second quarter, with an average two-year growth of 5.5%. By industry, in the first half of the year, the value added of primary industry was 2.84 trillion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 7.8%, with an average two-year growth of 4.3%; secondary industry was 20.72 trillion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 14.8%, with an average two-year growth of 6.1%; and the tertiary industry was 29.66 trillion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 11.8%, with an average two-year growth of 4.9%. The quarter-on-quarter GDP growth of the second quarter was 1.3%.

一、夏粮再获丰收，畜牧业生产稳定增长

First, summer grain witnessed another bumper harvest, while production of animal husbandry grew steadily.

上半年，农业（种植业）增加值同比增长3.6%，增速比一季度加快0.3个百分点；两年平均增长3.7%。其中，二季度增长3.7%，比一季度加快0.4个百分点。全国夏粮总产量14582万吨（2916亿斤），比上年增加296.7万吨（59.3亿斤），增长2.1%。农业种植结构持续优化，油菜籽等经济作物播种面积增加。上半年，猪牛羊禽肉产量4291万吨，比上年同期增长23.0%，其中猪肉产量增长35.9%；牛奶产量同比增长7.6%，禽蛋产量下降4.1%。二季度末，生猪存栏43911万头，同比增长29.2%；其中，能繁殖母猪存栏4564万头，增长25.7%。

In the first half of the year, the value added of agriculture (crop farming) went up by 3.6% year-on-year, a 0.3 percentage points faster than that of the first quarter, with an average two-year growth of 3.7%. Specifically, in the second quarter it grew by 3.7%, a 0.4 percentage points faster than that of the first quarter. The overall output of summer grain was 145.82 million tons (291.6 billion jin), 2.97 million tons (5.93 billion jin) higher than that of last year, an increase of 2.1%. The structure of crop farming continued to be optimized, as sown areas for cash crops like rapeseeds increased. In the first half of the year, the output of pork, beef, mutton, and poultry was 42.91 million tons, up by 23% over the same period last year. Specifically, the output of pork increased by 35.9%; milk rose up by 7.6%; and eggs were down by 4.1%. By the end of the second quarter, 439.11 million pigs were registered in stock, a year-on-year growth of 29.2%. Specifically, 45.64 million were breeding sows, up by 25.7%.

二、工业生产稳定增长，高技术制造业快速增长

Second, industrial production grew steadily and high-tech manufacturing grew fast.

上半年，全国规模以上工业增加值同比增长15.9%，两年平均增长7.0%，比一季度加快0.2个百分点；其中二季度同比增长8.9%。6月份，规模以上工业增加值同比增长8.3%，两年平均增长6.5%；环比增长0.56%。分三大门类看，上半年采矿业增加值同比增长6.2%，两年平均增长2.5%；制造业增长17.1%，两年平均增长7.5%；电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业增长13.4%，两年平均增长6.0%。高技术制造业增加值同比增长22.6%，两年平均增长13.2%。分产品看，新能源汽车、工业机器人、集成电路产量同比分别增长205.0%、69.8%、48.1%，两年平均增速均超过30%。分经济类型看，国有控股企业增加值同比增长11.9%；股份制企业同比增长15.8%，外商及港澳台商投资企业同比增长17.0%；私营企业同比增长18.3%。6月份，中国制造业采购经理指数为50.9%，连续16个月高于临界点；企业生产经营活动预期指数为57.9%。

In the first half of the year, the total value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size grew by 15.9% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 7%, a 0.2 percentage points faster than that of the first quarter. Specifically, that of the second quarter went up by 8.9% year-on-year. In June, the total value added of industrial enterprises above the designated size grew by 8.3% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 6.5%; and a month-on-month growth of 0.56%. In terms of sectors, in the first half of the year, the value added of mining went up by 6.2% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 2.5%; manufacturing was up by 17.1%, with an average two-year growth of 7.5%; and production and supply of electricity, thermal power, gas and water went up by 13.4%, with an average two-year growth of 6%. The value added of high-tech manufacturing went up by 22.6% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 13.2%. In terms of products, the production of new-energy automobiles, industrial robots and integrated circuits increased by 205%, 69.8%, and 48.1% year-on-year respectively, with average two-year growth all exceeding 30%. An analysis by types of ownership showed that the value added of the state holding enterprises went up by 11.9% year-on-year; share-holding enterprises went up by 15.8% year-on-year; enterprises funded by foreign investors and investors from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), Macao SAR, and Taiwan were up by 17% year-on-year; and private enterprises were up by 18.3% year-on-year. In June, the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index of China was 50.9%, staying above the threshold for 16 months in a row. The Production and Operation Expectation Index was 57.9%.

1-5月份，全国规模以上工业企业实现利润总额34247亿元，同比增长83.4%，两年平均增长21.7%；规模以上工业企业营业收入利润率为7.11%，比2020年1-5月份提高2.05个百分点。

In the first five months, the total profits made by industrial enterprises above the designated size were 3.42 trillion yuan, up by 83.4% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 21.7%. The profit rate of the business revenue of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 7.11%, 2.05 percentage points higher than that of the first five months of 2020.

三、服务业稳步恢复，市场预期持续向好

Third,The service sector recovered steadily with market expectation picking up.

上半年，第三产业持续稳定恢复。二季度第三产业增加值同比增长8.3%，两年平均增长5.1%；一季度同比增长15.6%，两年平均增长4.7%。分行业看，上半年交通运输、仓储和邮政业，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业增加值同比分别增长21.0%、20.3%，两年平均分别增长6.9%、17.3%。6月份，全国服务业生产指数同比增长10.9%，两年平均增长6.5%。1-5月份，全国规模以上服务业企业营业收入同比增长31.9%，两年平均增长11.1%，比1-4月份提高0.2个百分点。

The first half of the year witnessed a steady recovery of the tertiary industry. Specifically, the value added of the tertiary industry for the second quarter increased by 8.3% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 5.1%; that for the first quarter increased by 15.6% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 4.7%. Specifically, in the first half of the year, the value added of transportation, storage and postal services and information transmission, software and information technology services increased by 21% and 20.3% year-on-year respectively, with average two-year growth increasing by 6.9% and 17.3% respectively. In June, the Index of Services Production increased by 10.9% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth rate of 6.5%. In the first five months, the business revenue of service enterprises above the designated size went up by 31.9% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 11.1%, a 0.2 percentage points higher than that of the first four months.

6月份，服务业商务活动指数为52.3%，连续16个月高于临界点。从行业情况看，与线上消费密切相关的邮政快递、电信广播电视及卫星传输服务、互联网软件及信息技术服务等行业商务活动指数均位于57.0%以上较高景气区间；货币金融服务、保险业均位于60.0%以上高位景气区间。从市场预期看，业务活动预期指数为60.4%，继续保持在高位景气区间。

In June, the Business Activity Index for services was 52.3%, staying above the threshold for 16 months in a row. Specifically, the Business Activity Index for sectors closely related with online consumption such as express mail services, telecommunication, broadcast, television and satellite transmission services, internet, software and information services stayed within the expansion range of 57% and above. Monetary and financial services and insurance stood within the expansion range of 60% and above. In terms of market expectation, the Business Activities Expectation Index was 60.4%, continuing to stay within the expansion range.

四、市场销售逐步改善，消费升级类商品快速增长

Fourth, market sales improved gradually and sales of upgraded consumer goods witnessed accelerated growth.

上半年，社会消费品零售总额211904亿元，同比增长23.0%，两年平均增长4.4%，比一季度加快0.2个百分点；其中二季度同比增长13.9%，两年平均增长4.6%。6月份，社会消费品零售总额37586亿元，同比增长12.1%，两年平均增长4.9%；环比增长0.70%。上半年，按经营单位所在地分，城镇消费品零售额184098亿元，同比增长23.3%，两年平均增长4.4%；乡村消费品零售额27807亿元，同比增长21.4%，两年平均增长4.0%。按消费类型分，商品零售190192亿元，同比增长20.6%，两年平均增长4.9%；餐饮收入21712亿元，同比增长48.6%，规模与2019年上半年基本持平。按商品类别分，限额以上单位18个商品类别同比增速均超过10%，其中七成以上商品类别同比增速超过20%。从两年平均增速看，除石油类商品外，其他商品类别商品零售额均为正增长，其中体育娱乐用品类、通讯器材类、化妆品类、文化办公用品类等9类商品零售额两年平均增速超过10%。全国网上零售额61133亿元，同比增长23.2%，两年平均增长15.0%，比一季度加快1.5个百分点。其中，实物商品网上零售额50263亿元，增长18.7%，两年平均增长16.5%，比一季度加快1.1个百分点；实物商品网上零售额占社会消费品零售总额的比重为23.7%，比一季度提高1.8个百分点。

In the first half of this year, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 21.19 trillion yuan, up by 23% compared with the previous year, registering a two-year average growth of 4.4%, 0.2 percentage point faster than that of the first quarter; and the total retail sales of the second quarter went up by 13.9% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 4.6%. In June, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 3.76 trillion yuan, up by 12.1% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 4.9%, and up by 0.70% month-on-month. In the first half of this year, in terms of regions, the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas reached 18.41 trillion yuan, up by 23.3% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 4.4%, and the retail sales of consumer goods in rural areas stood at 2.78 trillion yuan, up by 21.4%, with a two-year average growth of 4%. Grouped by consumption patterns, the retail sales of goods reached 19.02 trillion yuan, up by 20.6% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 4.9%; catering revenue was 2.17 trillion yuan, up by 48.6% year-on-year and basically the same as that of the first half of 2019. Grouped by categories, the year-on-year growth rates for 18 categories of goods by enterprises above the designated size all exceeded 10%, among which, over 70% of categories of goods witnessed year-on-year growth rates exceeding 20%. In terms of the two-year average growth, excluding petroleum products, retail sales of other categories of goods all witnessed positive growth, among which, the two-year average growth rates of nine categories, including sports and recreational articles, communication equipment, cosmetics, and cultural and office supplies, exceeded 10%. Online retail sales reached 6.11 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 23.2% and a two-year average growth of 15%, 1.5 percentage points faster than that of the first quarter. Specifically, the online retail sales of physical goods reached 5.03 trillion yuan, up by 18.7%, with a two-year average growth of 16.5%, 1.1 percentage points faster than that of the first quarter. This accounted for 23.7% of the total retail sales of consumer goods, 1.8 percentage points higher than that of the first quarter.

五、固定资产投资持续恢复，制造业投资两年平均增速加快

Fifth, investment in fixed assets continued to recover and the two-year average growth of investment in manufacturing sector accelerated.

上半年，全国固定资产投资（不含农户）255900亿元，同比增长12.6%，6月份环比增长0.35%；两年平均增长4.4%，比一季度加快1.5个百分点。分领域看，上半年基础设施投资同比增长7.8%，两年平均增长2.4%，比1-5月份略降；制造业投资同比增长19.2%，两年平均增长2.0%，比1-5月份加快1.4个百分点；房地产开发投资同比增长15.0%，两年平均增长8.2%，比1-5月份略降。全国商品房销售面积88635万平方米，同比增长27.7%，两年平均增长8.1%；商品房销售额92931亿元，同比增长38.9%，两年平均增长14.7%。分产业看，第一产业投资同比增长21.3%，两年平均增长13.2%；第二产业投资同比增长16.3%，两年平均增长2.9%；第三产业投资同比增长10.7%，两年平均增长4.8%。民间投资同比增长15.4%，两年平均增长3.8%。高技术产业投资同比增长23.5%，两年平均增长14.6%；其中高技术制造业和高技术服务业投资同比分别增长29.7%、12.0%，两年平均分别增长17.1%、9.5%。高技术制造业中，计算机及办公设备制造业、医疗仪器设备及仪器仪表制造业投资同比分别增长47.5%、34.2%，两年平均分别增长26.3%、18.7%；高技术服务业中，电子商务服务业、研发设计服务业投资同比分别增长32.9%、28.4%，两年平均分别增长32.5%、15.9%。社会领域投资同比增长16.4%，两年平均增长10.7%；其中卫生投资、教育投资同比分别增长35.5%、14.2%，两年平均分别增长24.9%、12.5%。

In the first half of this year, the investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households) reached 25.59 trillion yuan, up by 12.6% year-on-year, and it grew by 0.35% month-on-month in June. The two-year average growth rate reached 4.4%, 1.5 percentage points faster than that of the first quarter. In terms of sectors, in the first half of this year, investment in infrastructure was up by 7.8% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 2.4%, a slight decrease compared with the first five months. Investment in manufacturing was up by 19.2% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 2.0%, 1.4 percentage points faster than that of the first five months. Real estate development was up by 15% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 8.2%, a slight decrease compared with the first five months. The floor space of commercial buildings sold reached 886.35 million square meters, up by 27.7% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 8.1%. The total sales of commercial buildings reached 9.29 trillion yuan, up by 38.9% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 14.7%. In terms of industries, investment in the primary industry went up by 21.3% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 13.2%. Investment in the secondary industry was up by 16.3% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 2.9%. Investment in the tertiary industry was up by 10.7% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth rate of 4.8%. Private investment was up by 15.4% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth rate of 3.8%. Investment in high-tech industries grew by 23.5% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 14.6%, of which the investment in high-tech manufacturing and high-tech services increased by 29.7% and 12% year-on-year respectively and their average two-year growth rates reached 17.1% and 9.5% respectively. In terms of high-tech manufacturing, investment in the manufacturing of computers and office equipment and in the manufacturing of medical equipment, measuring instruments and meters grew by 47.5% and 34.2% year-on-year respectively and their two-year average growth rates reached 26.3% and 18.7% respectively. In terms of high-tech services, the investment in e-commerce services and in research, development and design services went up by 32.9% and 28.4% year-on-year and their two-year average growth rates reached 32.5% and 15.9%. The investment in social sectors went up by 16.4% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth rate of 10.7%, among which the investment in health and education went up by 35.5% and 14.2% year-on-year, with a two-year average growth of 24.9% and 12.5% respectively.

六、货物进出口快速增长，贸易结构持续优化

Sixth, imports and exports of goods grew fast and the trade structure continued to optimize.

上半年，货物进出口总额180651亿元，同比增长27.1%。其中，出口98493亿元，同比增长28.1%；进口82157亿元，同比增长25.9%；进出口相抵，贸易顺差16336亿元。贸易结构继续优化。上半年，机电产品出口占出口总额的比重为59.2%，比上年同期提高0.6个百分点。一般贸易进出口占进出口总额的比重为61.9%，比上年同期提高1.7个百分点。民营企业进出口占进出口总额的比重为47.8%，比上年同期提高2.8个百分点。6月份，进出口总额32916亿元，同比增长22.0%。其中，出口18122亿元，同比增长20.2%；进口14794亿元，同比增长24.2%。

In the first half of this year, the total imports and exports of goods expanded by 27.1% year-on-year to reach 18.07 trillion yuan. The total value of exports was 9.85 trillion yuan, up by 28.1% year-on-year. The total value of imports was 8.22 trillion yuan, up by 25.9% year-on-year. The trade balance was 1.63 trillion yuan in surplus. The trade structure continued to improve. In the first half of this year, the exports of mechanical and electrical products accounted for 59.2% of the total value of exports, up by 0.6 percentage point over the same period last year. The imports and exports of general trade accounted for 61.9% of the total value of imports and exports, up by 1.7 percentage points over the same period last year. The imports and exports by private enterprises accounted for 47.8% of the total value of imports and exports, up by 2.8 percentage points over the same period last year. In June, the total value of imports and exports was 3.29 trillion yuan, an increase of 22% year-on-year. The total value of exports was 1.81 trillion yuan, up by 20.2% year-on-year. The total value of imports was 1.48 trillion yuan, up by 24.2% year-on-year.

七、居民消费价格温和上涨，工业生产者出厂价格仍处高位

Seventh, consumer prices rose mildly and producer prices for industrial products remained at a high level.

上半年，全国居民消费价格（CPI）同比上涨0.5%，一季度同比持平。其中，6月份全国居民消费价格同比上涨1.1%，涨幅比5月份回落0.2个百分点；环比下降0.4%。上半年，城市居民消费价格上涨0.6%，农村居民消费价格上涨0.4%。分类别看，食品烟酒价格同比上涨0.4%，衣着价格同比持平，居住价格上涨0.2%，生活用品及服务价格上涨0.1%，交通通信价格上涨1.9%，教育文化娱乐价格上涨0.9%，医疗保健价格上涨0.3%，其他用品及服务价格下降1.1%。在食品烟酒价格中，猪肉价格下降19.3%，粮食价格上涨1.2%，鲜果价格上涨2.6%，鲜菜价格上涨3.2%。扣除食品和能源价格后的核心CPI上涨0.4%，一季度为同比持平。

The consumer price index (CPI) went up by 0.5% year-on-year in the first half of this year, while remaining flat year-on-year in the first quarter. In June, consumer prices went up by 1.1% year-on-year, 0.2 percentage point slower than May, and down by 0.4% month-on-month. In the first half of this year, consumer prices went up by 0.6% in urban areas and 0.4% in rural areas. Grouped by commodity categories, prices for food, tobacco and alcohol were up by 0.4% year-on-year; clothing remained the same year-on-year; housing was up by 0.2%; articles and services for daily use were up by 0.1%; transportation and communication were up by 1.9%; education, culture and recreation were up by 0.9%; medical services and health care were up by 0.3%; and other articles and services went down by 1.1%. In terms of food, tobacco and alcohol prices, prices for pork went down by 19.3%, grain was up by 1.2%, fresh fruits were up by 2.6% and fresh vegetables were up by 3.2%. Core CPI, excluding the prices of food and energy, went up by 0.4%, after remaining the same year-on-year in the first quarter.

上半年，全国工业生产者出厂价格同比上涨5.1%，涨幅比一季度扩大3.0个百分点；其中6月份同比上涨8.8%，涨幅比5月份回落0.2个百分点。上半年，全国工业生产者购进价格同比上涨7.1%，涨幅比一季度扩大4.3个百分点；其中6月份同比上涨13.1%，环比上涨0.8%。

In the first half of this year, producer prices for industrial products went up by 5.1% year-on-year, 3 percentage points faster than the first quarter. In June, it grew by 8.8% year-on-year, 0.2 percentage point slower than in May. In the first half of this year, the purchasing prices for industrial producers went up by 7.1% year-on-year, 4.3 percentage points faster than the first quarter. It went up by 13.1% year-on-year and 0.8% month-on-month in June.

八、城镇调查失业率与上月持平，就业形势总体稳定

Eighth, the surveyed unemployment rate in urban areas was the same as last month and employment was generally stable.

上半年，全国城镇新增就业698万人，完成全年目标的63.5%。6月份，全国城镇调查失业率为5.0%，与5月份持平，比上年同期下降0.7个百分点。本地户籍人口调查失业率为5.0%，外来户籍人口调查失业率为5.1%。16-24岁人口、25-59岁人口调查失业率分别为15.4%、4.2%。31个大城市城镇调查失业率为5.2%，与5月份持平。全国企业就业人员周平均工作时间为47.6小时，比5月份增加0.3小时。二季度末，农村外出务工劳动力总量18233万人。

In the first half of this year, 6.98 million new jobs were created in urban areas, which meant that 63.5% of the whole year target was achieved. In June, the surveyed unemployment rate in urban areas was 5%, the same as in May and 0.7 percentage point lower than the same period of last year. The surveyed unemployment rate of the population with local household registration was 5% and that of the population with non-local household registration was 5.1%. Specifically, the surveyed unemployment rates of the population aged from 16 to 24 and from 25 to 59 were 15.4% and 4.2%, respectively. The urban surveyed unemployment rate in 31 major cities was 5.2%, the same as that of May. The employees of enterprises worked 47.6 hours per week on average, 0.3 hours more than in May. By the end of the second quarter, the number of rural migrant workers totaled 182.33 million.

九、居民收入继续增长，城乡居民人均可支配收入比值缩小

Ninth, resident income continued to grow and the ratio of per capita disposable income between urban and rural residents narrowed.

上半年，全国居民人均可支配收入17642元，同比名义增长12.6%，这主要是受到去年上半年低基数的影响，两年平均增长7.4%，比一季度加快0.4个百分点；扣除价格因素同比实际增长12.0%，两年平均增长5.2%，略低于经济增速，基本同步。按常住地分，城镇居民人均可支配收入24125元，同比名义增长11.4%，实际增长10.7%；农村居民人均可支配收入9248元，同比名义增长14.6%，实际增长14.1%。从收入来源看，全国居民人均工资性收入、经营净收入、财产净收入、转移净收入同比分别名义增长12.1%、17.5%、15.0%、9.0%。城乡居民人均收入比值2.61，比上年同期缩小0.07。全国居民人均可支配收入中位数14897元，增长11.6%。

In the first half of this year, China's per capita disposable income of residents was 17,642 yuan, a nominal increase of 12.6% over that of last year, which was mainly due to a low base in the first half of last year. The two-year average growth rate reached 7.4%, 0.4 percentage point faster than that of the first quarter. The real growth was 12% year-on-year after deducting price factors, registering a two-year average growth of 5.2%, which was slightly slower than overall economic growth but generally growing at the same pace. In terms of permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 24,125 yuan, a nominal growth of 11.4% and a real growth of 10.7% year-on-year. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 9,248 yuan, a nominal growth of 14.6% and a real growth of 14.1% year-on-year. In terms of sources of income, the income from wages and salaries, net operative income, net property income and net transfer income grew by 12.1%, 17.5%, 15%, and 9% year-on-year nominally. The per capita income of urban residents was 2.61 times that of rural residents, 0.07 less than the same period last year. The median of the nationwide per capita disposable income was 14,897 yuan, an increase of 11.6%.

总的来看，上半年国民经济持续稳定恢复，稳中加固、稳中向好。但也要看到，全球疫情持续演变，外部不稳定不确定因素较多；国内经济恢复不均衡，巩固稳定恢复发展的基础仍需努力。下一步，要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，按照中央经济工作会议和政府工作报告决策部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，更好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，持续深化供给侧结构性改革，着力释放内需潜力，大力助企纾困发展，加快推进改革开放，瞻前顾后统筹调节，保持经济运行在合理区间，扎实推动高质量发展，努力完成全年经济社会发展目标任务。

In general, the national economy has sustained a steady recovery in the first half of the year, delivering a stable performance with a consolidated foundation and good momentum of growth. However, we are also aware that the global epidemic development brings many external instabilities and uncertainties, and the unbalanced recovery of the domestic economy demands more efforts to enhance the foundation for steady recovery and growth. Next, we will uphold Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide, and stay committed to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability in accordance with policy decisions and plans of the Central Economic Work Conference and the Report on the Work of Government to better coordinate epidemic prevention and control with economic and social development. We will continue to deepen supply-side structural reforms and unlock the potential of domestic demand. We will step up efforts to bail out enterprises. We will accelerate reform and opening-up, and coordinate all work to ensure that the economy operates within an appropriate range. We must make solid progress in high-quality development, and redouble our efforts to fulfill the targets and tasks for economic and social development this year.

基本情况我就介绍到这里，下面接受大家的提问。

That's all for my introduction. I will now answer your questions.

邢慧娜:

Xing Huina:

谢谢刘司长的情况介绍。下面各位媒体朋友可以开始提问，提问前请通报所在的新闻机构。

Thank you, Ms. Liu. Now the floor is open to questions. Please state the name of the news outlet you work for before asking questions.

中央广播电视总台央视记者:

CCTV:

从刚刚发布的数据来看，我们看到中国上半年的经济两年平均增速比一季度有所加快，您认为有哪些因素在带动经济的增长？您如何评价上半年我国国民经济的总体表现？谢谢。

From the data just released, we note that China's average two-year growth in the first half of the year is faster than that in the first quarter. What are the factors that are driving economic growth? What's your opinion on the general performance of China's national economy in the first half of the year? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。从刚才介绍的各个方面的数据来看，今年上半年，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展的成果得到了持续拓展和巩固，经济运行持续稳定恢复，稳中加固，稳中向好。从特点上来讲，主要反映在五个方面：

Thank you for your questions. The newly released data of all sectors shows that in the first half of the year, we continued to expand and consolidate the achievements in coordinating epidemic control with economic and social development, and China's economy sustained a steady recovery, delivering a stable performance with a consolidated foundation and a good momentum of growth. Its characteristics can be reflected in five aspects.

一、经济持续恢复增长。上半年国内生产总值同比增长12.7%，其中二季度同比增长7.9%，环比增长1.3%，两年平均增长5.5%，比一季度加快0.5个百分点。从相关指标看，上半年全社会货运量同比增长24.6%，两年平均增长7.2%，全社会用电量同比增长16.1%，两年平均增长7%。

First, China's economy continued to resume growth. China's GDP expanded 12.7% year-on-year in the first half and rose 7.9% year-on-year in the second quarter, with a 1.3% increase quarter-on-quarter. Average two-year growth stood at 5.5%, 0.5 percentage point higher than that in the first quarter. Judging from the relevant indicators, the total freight volume in the first half of the year jumped 24.6% year-on-year, bringing the average growth for the past two years to 7.2%. Total electricity consumption climbed by 16.1% year-on-year, putting the average two-year growth at 7%.

二、经济结构调整优化。首先，产业支撑得到加强。上半年服务业增加值对经济增长的贡献率达到了53%，比一季度提高2.1个百分点；制造业占比得到提升，上半年制造业增加值占国内生产总值的比重为27.9%，比上年同期提高1.3个百分点。其次，消费拉动作用增强。上半年，最终消费支出对经济增长的贡献率达到61.7%，高于资本形成总额42.5个百分点；升级类商品消费较快增长，上半年限额以上单位体育娱乐用品类、通讯器材类、化妆品类的商品零售额两年平均增速都超过了10%。三是，短板领域投资较快增长。上半年，高技术产业投资、社会领域投资两年平均分别增长14.6%和10.7%，分别快于全部投资10.2和6.3个百分点。四是，城乡居民收入的比值缩小。上半年城乡居民人均可支配收入之比为2.61，比上年同期缩小了0.07。

Second, the economic structure was adjusted and improved. First of all, the support of industries has been enhanced. The contribution of the value added of the service sector to economic growth reached 53% in the first half of the year, 2.1 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter. The manufacturing sector cut a larger share of the GDP. The value-added of the manufacturing sector accounted for 27.9% of the GDP in the first half of the year, 1.3 percentage points higher than that in the same period last year. Besides, consumption played an increasing role in driving economic growth. In the first half of the year, the final consumption expenditure contributed 61.7% to economic growth, 42.5 percentage points higher than the contribution of the total capital formation. The consumption of upgraded consumer goods saw rapid growth. In the first half of the year, retail sales of sports and entertainment goods, communication appliances and cosmetics enterprises above designated size all registered an average two-year growth of more than 10%. Meanwhile, investment in sectors of weakness grew fast. In the first half of the year, the average two-year growth of the investment in high-tech industries and the social domain stood at 14.6% and 10.7% respectively, 10.2 percentage points and 6.3 percentage points higher than the total investment respectively. Fourth, the gap between urban and rural incomes has narrowed, with the ratio of urban and rural per capita disposable personal incomes falling to 2.61 in the first half of the year, 0.07 lower than the same period last year.

三、创新动能持续增强。首先，新市场主体较快增长。6月末，根据统计局的基本单位名录库统计，法人单位数首次突破3000万个，同比增长了16.6%。其次，新产业新产品较快增长，上半年，规模以上高技术制造业增加值两年平均增长13.2%，比一季度加快了0.9个百分点。1-5月份，规模以上高技术服务业企业利润总额同比增长27.4%，两年平均增长12.5%，快于全部规模以上服务业4.2个百分点。从产品看，上半年，新能源汽车、工业机器人、集成电路的产量同比都保持了较快增长。三是，新业态、新模式成长壮大。上半年，实物商品网上零售额两年平均增长16.5%，占社会消费品零售总额的比重达到了23.7%。上半年，全国快递业务量已经突破了500亿件，接近2018年全年水平。

Third, innovation drivers were strengthened. First of all, new market entities registered rapid growth. The Basic Unit Database compiled by the National Bureau of Statistics at the end of June shows that the number of legal entities exceeded 30 million for the first time, up 16.6% year-on-year. Besides, new industries and new products witnessed fast growth. In the first half of the year, the value-added of hi-tech manufacturing enterprises above designated size saw an average two-year growth of 13.2%, 0.9 percentage point higher than that in the first quarter. From January to May, the total profits of hi-tech enterprises above designated size in the service sector jumped 27.4% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 12.5%, 4.2 percentage points higher than that of the total service enterprises above designated size. In terms of products, the output of new-energy automobiles, industrial robotics and integrated circuits sustained rapid growth year-on-year in the first half of the year. Third, new forms and models of business was growing. In the first half of the year, online retail sales of goods registered an average two-year growth of 16.5%, accounting for 23.7% of total retail sales of consumer goods. Express delivery services exceeded 50 billion items in the first half of the year, close to the level of the entirety of 2018.

四、质量效益总体提升。首先，企业盈利增强。1-5月份，规模以上工业企业利润总额同比增长83.4%，两年平均增长了21.7%，营业收入利润率达到7.11%，比上年同期提高了2.05个百分点。1-5月份，规模以上服务业企业利润总额同比增长1.5倍。其次，财政收入继续增加，1-5月份，全国一般公共预算收入同比增长24.2%。三是产能利用率上升。二季度全国工业产能利用率为78.4%，比上年同期提高4个百分点，比一季度提高了1.2个百分点。

Fourth, the quality and efficiency of economic performance improved in general. First of all, the ability of enterprises to make a profit was enhanced. From January to May, the total profits of industrial enterprises above designated size surged by 83.4% year-on-year, with an average two-year growth of 21.7%. The profit rate of their revenues reached 7.11%, 2.05 percentage points higher than that in the same period last year. From January to May, the total profits of enterprises above designated size in the service sector skyrocketed by 1.5 times year-on-year. Besides, the fiscal revenue continued to increase. From January to May, revenue in the general public budget grew by 24.2% year-on-year. Third, the capacity utilization rate also rose. The rate of the industrial capacity utilization stood at 78.4% in the second quarter, 4 percentage points higher than that in the same period last year, or 1.2 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter.

五、民生保障持续改善。首先，就业形势总体稳定。上半年，全国城镇调查失业率平均为5.2%，比上年同期下降0.6个百分点，比一季度下降0.2个百分点，低于5.5%左右的预期目标。全国城镇新增就业698万人，完成全年目标任务的63.5%。二季度末，外出务工农村劳动力1.8亿人，基本恢复到了2019年同期水平。其次，居民消费价格温和上涨。上半年，居民消费价格同比上涨0.5%，处于比较低的涨幅水平。三是居民收入增长与经济增长基本同步。上半年，全国居民人均可支配收入同比实际增长12%，两年平均增长5.2%，与经济增长基本同步。

Fifth, the people's wellbeing continued to improve. First of all, the overall employment situation remained stable. In the first half of the year, the survey-based urban unemployment rate registered 5.2% on average, 0.6 percentage point lower than that in the same period last year, or 0.2 percentage point lower than that in the first quarter. The figure is lower than the expected target of roughly 5.5%. A total of 6.98 million new urban jobs were added, accomplishing 63.5% of the targets and tasks over the whole year. By the end of the second quarter, the number of rural migrant workers reached 180 million, basically recovering to the level of the same period in 2019. Besides, consumer prices posted a modest growth, up 0.5% year-on-year in the first half, a relatively low level of growth. Third, growth in personal income was basically in step with economic growth. In the first half of the year, per capita disposable income climbed by 12% in real terms year-on-year, with an average two-year increase of 5.2%, basically in keeping with economic growth.

从上述五个方面看，上半年国民经济可以说是持续稳定恢复，稳中加固，稳中向好。但同时也要看到，目前全球疫情仍在持续演变，外部不稳定、不确定因素比较多，国内经济恢复仍然不均衡，巩固稳定恢复发展的基础仍需努力。下一步，按照中央经济工作会议和政府工作报告的决策部署，持续深化供给侧结构性改革，着力释放内需潜力，大力助企纾困发展，扎实推进高质量发展，努力完成全年经济社会发展的目标任务。第一个问题就回答到这里。谢谢。

Based on the five aspects mentioned above, the national economy in the first half of the year sustained a steady recovery and witnessed the consolidation of its firm growth and sound momentum. At the same time, faced with the volatile pandemic situation and many uncertainties internationally, the domestic economic recovery remains uneven and more efforts are needed to consolidate steady recovery development. In the next step, following the decisions and plans of the Central Economic Work Conference and the government work report, we will continue to deepen supply-side structural reforms, release the potential of domestic demand, help bail enterprises out, promote high-quality development, and endeavor to complete the economic and social development target and tasks throughout the year. That's all about the first question. Thank you.

彭博新闻社记者:

Bloomberg:

刚才您提到了上半年全国居民人均实际收入两年平均增长5.2%，略低于经济增速。我们之前从商务部了解到，在“十四五”时期，全国零售品销售总额预期目标是要提升5%，这是从今年到2025年之间设定的一个目标。就您刚才所发布的数据显示，居民的人均可支配收入略低于经济增速，这种情况下如何实现中国经济的再平衡？如何成功实现双循环的目标？谢谢。

You mentioned the income just now. My question is about the income growth. The real growth of income in the first half was 5.2% on a real average, also on a two-year average basis, which was slower than the economic growth. The Ministry of Commerce said last week in the five-year plan the retail sales will grow 5% a year through 2025. How can the economy rebalance and the dual circulations be successful, if the income and retail sales grow much slower than the overall economy? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢您的提问，您的提问基本上是关于上半年的收入判断。从我们刚才公布的数据来看，今年上半年全国人均可支配收入实际增速两年平均达到了5.2%，这个速度和上半年GDP的两年平均增速5.3%是基本同步的。考虑到去年以来我们遭受疫情冲击，可以说实现5.2%的人均收入增速是相当不容易的。从具体的结构上来看，推动收入实现5.2%的增长，主要是三个方面的结构性因素。

Thank you for your question. Your question was mainly about income in the first half of the year. According to the statistics we just released, the nationwide per capita disposable income of residents in the first half of the year grew by 5.2%, almost the same as the average 5.3% two-year growth of GDP during the same period. Considering the impact of the pandemic, it was not easy to realize a per capita income growth of 5.2%. From the perspective of structure, there were three structural elements propelling the income growth rate to reach 5.2%.

第一，随着经济持续稳定恢复，就业形势保持了总体稳定，带动了工资性收入比较快的增长。今年上半年，工资性收入同比增长了12.1%，两年平均增长了7.2%。

First, with the continuous and steady recovery of the economy, the employment situation was generally stable, and growth of income from wages and salaries advanced swiftly. In the first half of the year, the income from wages and salaries grew by 12.1% year on year, with an average two-year growth of 7.2%.

第二，随着各地持续加大民生保障力度，提高了养老金标准，加强困难群体基本生活保障，及时做好社会救济和临时救助，人均转移性净收入增长了9%，两年平均增长了8.6%。

Second, local governments have stepped up measures such as raising pension standards, improving basic living security for people in difficulties, and providing social relief and temporary assistance timely to meet people's living needs. Per capita net transfer income grew by 9%, with an average two-year growth of 8.6%.

第三，随着疫情防控形势逐步好转，经营活动逐步恢复，所以反映在数据上，经营净收入上半年同比增长了17.5%，两年平均增长了5.6%。实现这个增长，可以说既有经济恢复的因素，带动了就业增加，进而带动收入增加，同时也有政策支持的因素，各个地方都加大了民生保障力度。同时也有各个经济主体自身的努力。所以从这些方面来讲，我们认为5.2%的增速和经济增长基本同步，而且可以说成果是非常显著的。

Third, with the epidemic now under control, business activities gradually resumed. The statistics reflect the situation, with net business income growing by 17.5% year on year in the first half of the year and by 5.6% on a two-year average basis. The growth was attributed to the economic recovery, which propelled the increase of employment and income, policy support from local governments for ensuring people's living needs, and also endeavors from every economic entity. Based on the above-mentioned aspects, we consider these achievements remarkable as the income growth was generally in step with the economic growth.

从这几个方面判断，目前中国经济整体上内生动力是在持续增强的，市场主体活力不断增强。我们认为下一期收入增长仍然会得到比较好的支撑，从而对消费形成有力的支撑。谢谢。

Judging from these aspects, the internal driving force of the Chinese economy is increasing and the vitality of market entities is also growing. We hold that income growth at the next phase will also have a solid basis to provide strong support for consumption.

香港紫荆杂志记者:

Bauhinia Magazine:

国家统计局发布的数据显示，近年来，“三新”经济增加值在GDP的占比不断提升，如何评价“三新”经济对我国经济的拉动作用？未来将如何促进“三新”经济持续快速发展？谢谢。

The statistics from the NBS showed that the added value of the "three new" economy, namely, new industries, new business formats, and new business models, have accounted for an increasing share of the GDP in recent years. What's your comment on the propelling effect of the "three new" economy on the overall economy? How should we promote the sustained and rapid development of the "three new" economy in the future?

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。我们前一段时间公布了2020年“三新”经济占GDP比重的数据，首先我向大家汇报一下2020年“三新”经济基本情况。

Thank you for your question. We released the statistics on the proportion of the "three new" economy against GDP last year. Here, I'll brief you first on their conditions in 2020.

总体上看，2020年，尽管受到了新冠肺炎疫情的巨大冲击和严峻复杂的国际形势的影响，但新产业、新业态、新商业模式继续保持了比较快的增长。全年“三新”经济增加值占比17.08%，比上年提高了0.7个百分点；“三新”经济的增加值比上年名义增长了4.5%，比同期的GDP增速高1.5个百分点。从这几个数据来看，“三新”经济持续加速、占比提高，应该归结于四个方面因素。

Generally, against the backdrop of the great impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the severe and complicated international situation, the new industries, new business formats, and new business models maintained rapid growth in 2020. The added value of the "three new" economy accounted for 17.08% of the country's GDP, up 0.7 percentage point year on year. The nominal growth of the "three new" economy grew by 4.5% year on year, 1.5 percentage points higher than that of the GDP growth during the same period. According to the statistics, their sustained and rapid growth and the increase of their proportion were attributed to four aspects.

第一，科技投入大幅增加。2020年，我国R&D（研究与实验发展）经费支出与GDP之比达到了2.4%，比2015年提高了0.34个百分点。

First, a significant increase of scientific and technological investments. In 2020, China's R&D expenditure accounted for 2.4% of the GDP, 0.34 percentage point higher than that in 2015.

第二，科技人才队伍持续壮大。我国研发人员总量连续8年稳居世界首位。

Second, the continuous expansion of scientific and technological talents. China has had the highest total number of R&D personnel in the world for the past eight consecutive years.

第三，科技产业化步伐不断加快。工业化和信息化的融合不断深化，科技成果转化应用加快，带动新产业快速发展。“十三五”期间，高技术制造业增加值年均增长10.3%，明显快于全部规模以上工业增加值。

Third, the acceleration of scientific and technological industrialization. The integration of industrialization and informatization continues to deepen, and we have accelerated the application of research findings so that new industries keep developing rapidly. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), the output of high-tech manufacturing saw an annual average growth of 10.3%, much higher than the output of industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations.

第四，政策支持力度不断加大。疫情对新产业的发展既是挑战也是机遇，我国积极应对挑战，努力化危为机，针对重点领域出台了一系列有针对性的支持举措。比如，加快完善以企业为主体的技术创新体系、采取研发费用加计扣除减免税等创新支持政策，加大“双创”力度，创新引领作用显著增强，有力地促进了新产业、新业态的成长壮大。

Fourth, the increasing support from government policies. The pandemic is a challenge but also an opportunity for the development of new industries. Our country addressed the challenge positively and turned the crisis into an opportunity by releasing a series of support measures targeting key sectors, such as accelerating the improvement of the technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, and adopting tax reduction and exemption measures on R&D expenditure and other support policies to step up innovation and entrepreneurship. The leading role of innovation has been significantly enhanced, hence promoting the growth of new industries and new business models.

从今年上半年情况看，“三新”经济的快速成长发展态势得到了延续。刚才我给大家介绍了高技术产业增加值、新产品的增长情况，还有新商业模式的增长状况，可以看出，“三新”经济的快速增长对今年上半年国民经济的持续稳定恢复发挥了重要作用。从更长期的角度来看，对加快构建新发展格局也提供了强有力的战略支撑。谢谢。

Judging from the situation in the first half of this year, the rapid growth of the "three-new" economy (new industries, new formats, and new business models) has continued. Just now I introduced to you the growth of the added value, and new products of the high-tech industry, as well as the growth of new business models. As you can see, the rapid growth of the "three-new" economy played an important role in the sustained and stable recovery of the national economy in the first half of this year. From a longer-term perspective, it also provides strong strategic support for accelerating the construction of a new development pattern. Thank you.

香港经济导报记者:

Hong Kong Economic Herald:

请问怎么看待“双碳”目标对经济运行的压力？一些地方为了降能耗会采取比较激进的措施，比如对高耗能企业实施限产，以煤电为例，短期内如果限产量过大，可能会对煤电的供应造成不稳定，造成部分地方出现电力紧张的局面，也会影响到经济稳定增长。您认为地方该如何处理好绿色转型和稳增长的关系？谢谢。

How should we look at the pressure of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality targets ("dual carbon" targets) on economic operations? Some places are taking more radical measures to reduce energy consumption, such as restricting production on high-energy-consuming enterprises. Take coal power as an example, if the output limit is too large in the short term, it may cause instability in the supply of coal power, which would lead to power shortages in some regions, and also affect stable economic growth. How do you think local governments should handle the relationship between green transformation and stable growth? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。关于“双碳”对短期经济的影响，我想当前中国经济已经由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，碳达峰、碳中和既是我们向世界的一个庄严承诺，也是高质量发展的必然要求，是现代化进程的必由之路。从我们当前的发展阶段看，目前仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，还没有完成工业化的进程。在这个阶段，我们要实现碳达峰、碳中和，确实是任务很重，压力很大。

Thank you for asking. Regarding the impact of the "dual carbon" targets on the economy in the short term, I think the current Chinese economy has shifted from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development. Peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality are not only our solemn commitment to the world, but also an inevitable requirement for high-quality development, and the only way to make progress in further modernization. Based on our current stage of development, we are still the largest developing country in the world and have not yet completed the process of industrialization. Given this, achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality is indeed a very heavy task with a lot of pressure.

但是我们也要看到，推动绿色转型发展，可能会抑制部分高耗能行业、高排放行业的短期增长。但与此同时，绿色转型发展也将创造新的需求，催生新的产业，像节能环保、清洁能源这样的绿色行业，将迎来新的发展机遇。传统行业的绿色转型升级也将创造巨大的市场需求，所以我们还是要抓住这个历史机遇，积极应对挑战，推动中国经济行稳致远。谢谢。

We should realize that promoting green transformation and development may curb the short-term growth of some high-energy-consuming and high-emission industries. But at the same time, green transformation and development will also create new demands and give birth to new industries. Green industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection, and clean energy, will create new development opportunities. The green transformation and upgrading of traditional industries will also create huge market demands, so we should still seize this historical opportunity, actively respond to challenges, and promote China's economy to move steadily forward. Thank you.

封面新闻记者:

Cover News:

想请问发言人如何评价上半年的就业数据，今年高校毕业生的就业形势如何？数据显示，16-24岁人口的调查失业率达到了15.4%，比一季度末增加了近2个百分点。请问如何看待这一趋势的变化？谢谢。

I'd like to ask the spokesperson how she assesses the employment data in the first half of the year, and what the employment situation of college graduates is for this year? The data shows that the surveyed unemployment rate for those aged 16-24 reached 15.4%, an increase of nearly 2 percentage points from the end of the first quarter. How do you see this change in trend? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢您的提问。您刚才读我们的新闻稿读得很细，就业总体的判断、结构性的问题，您都有关注到。从今年上半年总体来看，就业形势总体稳定，上半年在一系列减负稳岗扩就业政策的作用下，全国城镇调查失业率上半年平均是5.2%，比上年同期下降了0.6个百分点，比一季度下降了0.2个百分点。从各月的情况看，除了2月份是5.5%之外，其他的几个月都是在5.5%以下。

Thank you for your questions. You have just read our press release in great detail, and you have paid attention to the overall employment and structural issues. From the overall perspective of the first half of this year, the employment situation is generally stable. In the first half of the year, under the effects of a series of policies to reduce burdens, stabilize jobs, and expand employment, the surveyed national urban unemployment rate averaged 5.2% in the first half of the year – a decrease of a 0.6 percentage point from the same period last year, and a decrease of a 0.2 percentage point from the first quarter. Looking at the situations of each month, except for 5.5% in February, the other months were all below 5.5%.

全国城镇新增就业完成了全年目标任务的63.5%，5、6月份全国城镇调查失业率都是5%，均比上年同月低了0.7个百分点。城镇调查失业率的回落，主要归因于经济持续稳定恢复和稳就业政策。从主要劳动年龄人口失业率来看，更加突出一些，25-59岁主要劳动年龄人口失业率6月份下降到了4.2%，比上年同月低了1个点。从月度之间看，也是持续回落的。

The statistics of new urban job employment nationwide have already completed 63.5% of the annual target task. The surveyed unemployment rates in cities and towns in May and June were both 5%, which was a 0.7 percentage point lower than the same month of the previous year. The decline in the surveyed unemployment rate in cities and towns is mainly attributable to the continuous and stable economic recovery and employment stabilization policies. From the perspective of the unemployment rate of the main working-age population, it is even more outstanding. The unemployment rate of the main working-age population aged 25-59 fell to 4.2% in June. This was 1 percentage point lower than the same month of the previous year. From the perspective of month-to-month, it has also continued to fall.

当然，在看到总量稳定的同时，也要看到就业结构性矛盾凸显。就像您刚才提到的，随着6月份毕业季的到来，进入劳动力市场求职的高校毕业生不断增多，就业压力明显增加，将带动青年失业率明显上升。6月份，16-24岁城镇的青年调查失业率为15.4%，比上个月上升了1.6个百分点，和上年同月持平。其中，20-24岁的大专及以上人员失业率还要更高一些，所以就业的结构性矛盾，可以说在凸显。

Of course, while seeing the stability of the total amount, we must also see that there are prominent structural problems regarding employment. As you mentioned just now, with the arrival of the graduation season in June, more and more college graduates are entering the labor market for jobs, which will significantly increase the employment pressure and lead to a significant rise in youth unemployment rate. In June, the surveyed unemployment rate among urban youths aged 16-24 was 15.4%, an increase of 1.6 percentage points over the previous month, which is the same as the same month of the previous year.

从下阶段看，一方面要看到在疫情防控常态化的形势下，随着经济持续稳定恢复，劳动力市场在不断回暖，从目前了解的情况看，今年高校毕业生的就业志愿和去年相比，也是更加趋于稳定，求职活跃度也是明显上升的。但是另外一方面，确实今年高校应届毕业生规模达到了909万人，再创历史新高，总量的就业压力确实比较大。所以，下一阶段我们还是要坚持就业优先政策，延续实施减负稳岗扩就业政策，加强对重点群体的就业帮扶，优化就业服务，扩大就业容量，巩固就业稳定的态势。谢谢。

Looking forward to the next stage, on the one hand, we should see that we are in a situation of epidemic prevention and control normalization, the economy is continuing to recover steadily, and the labor market is continuously picking up. Therefore, from what we currently have learned, this year's graduates have greater determination and anticipation of being employed than last year, and their job search activity has been significantly higher. But on the other hand, it is true that the number of college graduates this year has reached 9.09 million, a record high, so the employment pressure is indeed relatively high. Therefore, in the next stage, we give top priority to employment and continue to implement the policy of reducing burdens, stabilizing jobs, and expanding employment, as well strengthening employment aids to key groups, optimizing employment services, expanding employment capacity, and consolidating employment stability. Thank you.

中央广播电视总台央广记者:

CNR:

我们注意到上半年固定资产投资在持续恢复，您怎么看待当前投资对经济增长的拉动作用？另外，当前投资两年平均增速和疫情前增长水平相比还是有较大差距，从下阶段来说，应该如何扩大有效投资？谢谢。

Having noted the sustained recovery of fixed-asset investment in the first half of 2021, what do you think of investment's role in stimulating economic growth? The two-year average investment growth rate still shows significant disparities compared with pre-epidemic levels. What measures should be taken to expand effective investment in the next phase? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问。您的关注点是在投资的判断、投资下阶段的走势上。从今年上半年投资月度变化态势来看，投资呈现了持续稳定恢复的态势。上半年，固定资产投资两年平均增长4.4%，比一季度加快1.5个百分点，总体是在加快的。投资对优化供给结构的关键作用也得到了进一步地发挥，体现在三个方面：一是高技术产业投资增长比较快。上半年，高技术产业投资两年平均增长14.6%，比一季度加快4.7个百分点，其中高技术制造业投资和服务业投资增长都是在加速的。二是社会领域投资增长比较快。上半年社会领域投资两年平均增长10.7%，比一季度加快1.1个百分点；其中，卫生和社会工作投资增长20%以上。三是民间投资增速加快。上半年，民间投资两年平均增长3.8%，比一季度加快2.1个百分点。强动能的高技术投资、补短板的社会领域投资，还有反映市场活力的民间投资都是在加快的。所以总体上，有效投资对优化供给结构的关键作用得到了进一步发挥。

Thank you for your question. You focused on the estimation of China's investment and its trends in the next phase. In terms of monthly changes, the country's investment has seen a sustained and stable recovery in the first half of this year. The two-year average growth of fixed-asset investment in the first six months was 4.4%, up 1.5 percentage points from the first quarter, which was an acceleration. Investment has played a key role in further optimizing the supply structure regarding three aspects. First, the investment in high-tech industries grew rapidly. In the first half of 2021, the two-year average growth of investment in high-tech industries rose 14.6%, up 4.7 percentage points from the first quarter, among which the growth of investment in high-tech manufacturing and service industries sped up. Second, the investment in social sectors grew rapidly, with an average two-year growth of 10.7%, 1.1 percentage points faster than that of the first quarter, among which the investment in the health sector and social work went up by more than 20%. Third, the growth of private investment also accelerated. In the first half of the year, the two-year average growth of private investment grew by 3.8%, up 2.1 percentage points from the first quarter. Investment in high-tech industries has strong kinetic energy, while the investment in the social sectors shores up weaknesses, and the private investment reflects the market vitality. With the acceleration of all of these areas, effective investment has shown to play a key role in further optimizing the supply structure.

从下阶段判断，目前支持投资持续恢复的有利因素是在不断增多的。一是市场活力在逐步增强。从今年1-5月份的规上工业企业利润和服务业企业利润可以看到，企业效益普遍好转，有利于增强企业投资的信心和能力。二是资金保障比较有力。上半年固定资产投资到位资金同比增长16.8%，增速超过投资增速。三是稳投资政策在持续发力。“十四五”规划确定的一批重大工程项目在陆续部署推进。从我们掌握的情况看，6月份新入库的5000万元及以上的大项目超过1万多个，环比增长11.6%。四是从长期看，新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化都蕴藏了巨大的投资空间。推动城市基础设施更新改造、实施乡村振兴战略、优化和稳定产业链供应链、加快传统产业的转型升级都蕴藏着很大的投资潜力。所以我们认为，总体上，下阶段投资将会继续保持持续恢复的态势。谢谢。

As for the next phase, the advantages supporting continued investment recovery are increasing. First, market vitality has gradually increased. According to the profits of industrial enterprises and service enterprises above the designated size from January to May, the performance of enterprises has improved, which will enhance their confidence and ability in investment. Second, financial support is relatively strong. In the first half of the year, the funds in place for fixed-asset investment rose by 16.8% year-on-year, and the growth rate exceeded that of the investments. Third, policies to stabilize investment continue to show positive effect. A batch of major projects set out in the 14th Five-year Plan is being deployed and advanced. As we know, in June, more than 10,000 large-scale projects worth 50 million yuan ($7.74 million) and above were newly included, an increase of 11.6% from the previous month. Fourth, in the long run, new industrialization, IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization all offer enormous opportunities for investment. There is huge potential for investment in promoting the renovation of urban infrastructure, implementing the rural vitalization strategy, optimizing and stabilizing the industry chains and supply chains, and accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. Therefore, we believe that investment in the next phase will continue to maintain sustained recovery on the whole. Thank you.

CNBC记者:

CNBC:

我的问题是关于数据对于下半年的影响，比如出口会不会持续增长？在消费方面，我看到汽车类有增长，这和汽车行业6月份的数据有些不一样，背后有什么主要的因素？谢谢。

My question is about the impact of data in the second half of 2021, such as whether exports will continue to grow. We saw growth in the automobile consumption, which is somewhat different from June's data for the industry. What are the main factors behind this discrepancy? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢您的提问。我确认一下两个问题，第一，关于外贸增长的态势判断。第二，关于汽车产业发展情况。第一，关于外贸的走势，前两天有关部门已经对上半年的数据进行了公布，从总体的数据情况来看，在国内外经济持续复苏以及去年基数比较低这些因素的共同作用下，今年上半年进出口实现了比较快的增长，上半年货物进出口总额同比增长了27.1%，和2019年同期相比增长了22.8%，两年平均增速10%以上。上半年外贸形势总体不错，展望下半年，要关注到两个方面的因素：第一方面，目前全球疫情走势仍然是错综复杂的，大宗商品价格上涨压力仍然比较大，外部环境不稳定、不确定因素是比较多的，这会对我们的外贸环境造成一定影响。另外一方面，海外需求目前处于复苏的态势，国内需求也在继续回升。同时我们的企业，多年以来应对外部变化的调整能力是在日益增强的，发展的韧性比较强，所以外贸出口也拥有比较多的有利条件。综合判断，全年外贸进出口有望保持一个比较快的增长。

Thank you. Let me clarify the two questions. The first is about the estimation of the growth of foreign trade. The second is about the development of the automobile industry. First of all, with regard to foreign trade outlook, relevant departments announced the data for the first half of this year a few days ago. The figures showed that China's foreign trade in the first half registered rapid growth, which is a result of many factors, including the sustainable economic recovery both at home and abroad and a relatively low base last year. The country's foreign trade rose 27.1% year on year in the first six months, an increase of 22.8% from the same period in 2019 and a two-year average growth rate of over 10%. Foreign trade in the first half of this year performed well. As for the second half, we need to pay attention to two aspects: on the one hand, we will face a certain impact on the foreign trade environment resulting from the complex situation of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the relatively high pressure of rising prices in bulk commodities, as well as the unstable external environment and many uncertain factors. On the other hand, there are more favorable conditions for foreign trade. At present, global demand is recovering, and the domestic demand is rebounding. Meanwhile, Chinese enterprises' ability to adjust to external changes has increased over the years, showing strong resilience in development. Taking these factors into full consideration, China's foreign trade is expected to maintain rapid growth for the entire year.

第二，关于您提到的汽车行业的问题，如果看今年上半年的情况，总体上，汽车行业增加值上半年同比增长了21.8%，虽然最近两个月有所回落，但是上半年汽车行业增加值同比增长21.8%，两年平均增长8.6%，这两个速度都是快于目前整体的工业增加值增速的。但是，目前汽车行业的增长也受到了一定制约，比如大家普遍关注的芯片短缺，还有一些政策的调整，在短期内可能会对汽车产业的发展造成一定制约，比如带来供货周期长、成本上升这样的阶段性影响。但是也要看到，目前从总体来看，我国的千人汽车保有量和发达国家相比还有比较大的差距，汽车行业发展潜力还是比较大的。从短期来看，目前在需求上升、价格上涨的信号带动下，集成电路的生产都在逐步加快，虽然外部的环境比较复杂严峻，全球生产能力的恢复也需要假以时日。总体上看，我们觉得汽车行业从长期来看，还会保持比较快的增长潜力。谢谢。

Second, regarding your question about the automobile industry, data in the first six months showed that, despite having fallen in the last two months, the added value of the automobile industry in the first half of 2021 increased by 21.8% year-on-year, and the two-year average growth rate increased by 8.6%. Both are faster than the growth rate of China's value-added industrial output. However, the growth of the automobile industry is also facing certain constraints spanning from chip shortages to policy adjustments, which might bring about short-term constrains such as long supply cycles and rising costs. Nevertheless, for now, there is still a gap in car ownership per thousand people between China and developed countries, which shows the automobile industry still has plenty of room to grow. In the short run, driven by the signals of rising demand and prices, the production of integrated circuits will gradually step up in spite of the complicated external environment and the time-consuming recovery of the global production capacity. Generally speaking, we assume that the automobile industry will maintain relatively fast growth in the long run. Thank you.

第一财经记者:

Yicai:

今年以来，大宗商品价格持续上涨，对产业链中下游造成了一定的冲击，中小企业利润承压。请问您对接下来大宗商品走势怎么看？中小企业如何应对？另外，猪肉价格在持续下行，成为CPI的主要拖累项。您认为当前猪肉价格是否已经触底，对全年的通胀怎么看？谢谢。

Since the beginning of 2021, prices of bulk commodities have been increasing, which has had an impact on the middle-and-down stream of the industrial chain and caused small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to come under pressure in regards to earning profits. What are your views on price trend of bulk commodities and how should SMEs respond to this? In addition, prices of pork are continuously declining and have become the main drag for CPI. Do you believe that the pork prices have bottomed out? How do you view inflation throughout the year? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的问题，也是涉及到了至少两个问题，第一个是大宗商品价格走势，第二个是CPI走势。我分别回答一下。

Thank you for your questions. You talked about at least two issues: one is about price trends among bulk commodities, and the other is related to the CPI trend.

关于大宗商品价格走势。从我们目前掌握的情况看，今年上半年工业生产者出厂价格（PPI）平均上涨5.1%，涨幅比一季度扩大3个百分点。工业生产者出厂价格在二季度涨幅扩大，主要有几个因素的影响。一是经济在持续恢复，需求在不断扩张。二是国际大宗商品价格上涨的输入性影响。今年6月份，国际能源价格指数同比上涨92.6%，非能源价格指数上涨43.2%，涨幅都是比较高的。三是去年同期低基数的影响。受新冠肺炎疫情的影响，从去年2月份开始PPI就持续下降，二季度每个月的价格都同比下降3%以上，所以今年二季度PPI的同比涨幅明显扩大，给很多中下游企业、中小微企业带来了比较大的成本压力。从总体上判断，虽然国际大宗商品价格输入性的上涨压力仍然是存在的，但我国的工业生产能力比较强，工业品的供应能力比较充足。与此同时，近期有关部门实施国内大宗商品价格保供稳价的政策，效果目前在初步显现。6月份工业生产者出厂价格同比上涨8.8%，比5月份回落0.2个百分点。所以总体上工业品价格上涨的影响是总体可控的。

In regard to price trend of bulk commodities: in the first six months, China's producer price index (PPI) growth averaged 5.1% year-on-year, 3 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter, according to current data. The accelerated PPI growth in the second quarter was mainly affected by the following factors: first, the economy is continuing recovering, while demand is expanding; second, it was influenced by the spike in prices of bulk commodities on the international market. This June, the global energy price index rose 92.6% year-on-year, and the non-energy price index climbed by 43.2%, with both being high; third, it was impacted by a low base over the same period last year. Affected by the pandemic, from February 2020, the PPI saw consecutive falls throughout the second quarter of last year, and the figure decreased by over 3% year-on-year for each month of the quarter. Therefore, the year-on-year growth of the PPI obviously rose in the second quarter of this year, bringing mounting cost pressures to middle-and-down stream enterprises and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Judging from the general situation, China boasts a strong industrial productive capacity and a sufficient supplying power in industrial products, although there remains some upward pressure caused by the surging prices of bulk commodities on the international market. Meanwhile, initial effects have been appearing as some departments recently implemented policies on safeguarding supply and stabilizing prices for bulk commodities. In June, the PPI rose 8.8% year-on-year, 0.2 percentage point slower than that was recorded in May. Therefore, the impacts of PPI growth can be generally controlled.  

第二个问题是关于CPI的走势和对猪肉价格的判断。今年上半年CPI处于温和上涨的态势，上半年CPI平均上涨0.5%，涨幅比上年同期回落3.3个百分点，处于近年来比较低的水平。从月度变化看，6月份当月居民消费价格上涨1.1%，比5月份回落0.2个百分点。从结构看，食品价格由涨转降，可以说是影响CPI涨幅回落最主要的原因。今年上半年，食品价格同比下降0.2%，去年同期食品价格上涨16.2%，食品价格从上拉居民消费价格的主要因素转为下拉居民消费价格的因素，影响了今年上半年居民消费价格下降0.04个百分点。您刚才提到的猪肉价格同比已经连续9个月下降，上半年平均下降19.3%，影响CPI下降约0.45个百分点。可以说，今年上半年居民消费价格温和上涨，食品价格由涨转降是影响涨幅总体回落的最主要原因，其中猪肉价格又是重要原因。

Your second question relates to CPI trends and the prediction of pork prices. The CPI went up moderately by 0.5% year-on-year in the first half of the year, dropping 3.3 percentage points compared to the same period in 2020, and maintained its relatively low level over the past few years. In June, the consumer prices went up by 1.1% year-on-year, 0.2 percentage point slower than in May. Declining food prices may be the main reason for the drop in CPI growth rate. Food prices decreased 0.2% year-on-year in the first half of the year, while the figure in the same period of the last year was an increase of 16.2%. Declining food prices pushed down consumer inflation in the first half of the year by 0.04 percentage point and became a main influencing factor in price fluctuations. Pork prices, as you mentioned, have been continuously decreasing for nine consecutive months, with an average drop of 19.3% in the first half of the year, pushing down consumer inflation by 0.45 percentage point. We could say that the consumer prices rose mildly in the first half of the year, with the food prices, pork prices in particular, being the main reason for the slower CPI growth.

从非食品价格来看，今年上半年非食品价格上涨0.7%，这个涨幅和去年同期是相同的，影响了CPI上涨0.57个百分点。在非食品中主要还是能源价格上涨比较多，今年上半年汽油和柴油价格分别上涨8.5%和9.2%，合计影响CPI上涨约0.24个百分点。今年上半年的居民消费价格温和上涨有食品价格由涨转降的因素，也有非食品价格涨幅比较平稳的因素。

Non-food prices, meanwhile, rose 0.7% in the first half of the year, demonstrating a similar scale with the same period of last year, pushing up the CPI by 0.57 percentage point. Energy price surges were most prominent among non-food prices, with gasoline and diesel prices rising 8.5% and 9.2% respectively in the first half of the year, which jointly push up the CPI by 0.24 percentage point. Mild CPI growth in the first half of this year resulted from the declining food prices as well as a stable growth in non-food prices.

从下阶段影响CPI的三个板块来看，第一个板块，食品价格来看。我们昨天刚刚公布了夏粮产量，夏粮再获丰收，所以粮食价格有望继续保持稳定。猪肉价格随着生猪生产持续恢复、国家收储政策又有支撑，所以价格有望保持稳定的态势。总体上看，食品价格在粮食再获丰收、猪肉价格保持稳定的情况下，总体上涨压力不大。

Regarding the three categories affecting CPI in the following phases: first, food prices. China reaped a bumper summer harvest in 2021 as we noted in yesterday's announcement, and grain prices are expected to be stable this year. Pork prices are expected to remain stable as hog production continues to recover and the country's purchase and storage policies provide support. Generally speaking, food prices will face mild upward pressure under the background of a bumper summer harvest and stable pork prices.

第二个板块，工业消费品价格来看。国际大宗商品价格的上涨会带来部分工业消费品有所上涨，但从长期看，我国的供给能力比较强，工业生产能力比较强，产业体系比较完整，所以工业消费品的市场供应总体比较充足，工业消费品价格不存在持续大幅上涨的基础。

Second, the prices of industrial consumer goods. Price hikes in bulk commodities on the international market can drive a price increase in some industrial consumer goods. However, in the long run, the market supply of industrial consumer goods will remain generally sufficient, and the prices will not generate a large-scale increase as China boasts a strong supply and industrial production capacity as well as a complete industrial system .

第三个板块，服务价格来看。今年上半年服务价格持续受到散发疫情的影响，目前处于近年来的低位，今年上半年服务价格同比上涨0.3%。下阶段，随着国内疫情防控形势的持续向好，餐饮、住宿、旅游的消费需求将会逐渐恢复，市场信心不断增强，加上居民收入增速也是在加快的，服务价格将会有一定程度的回升。但总体上看，考虑到疫情防控常态化的影响，服务价格也有望保持小幅上涨。

Third, service prices. Service prices in the first half of this year were continuously affected by the sporadic resurgence of COVID-19 cases and rose 0.3% year-on-year, remaining at a low point in recent years. In the next stage, service prices will resurge to a certain extent as the nation's pandemic prevention and control situation continues to improve; the consumption demands in catering, accommodation, and tourism gradually recover; and the market gains more confidence as well as residents' income growth rates accelerate. But in general, service prices are expected to generate a small-scale increase considering the impact of regular epidemic prevention and control.

综合上面三个板块未来发展的态势判断，全年物价保持温和上涨是有基础、有条件的，实现全年3%左右的调控目标也同样有基础、有条件。谢谢。

Taking into consideration development trends in the above three categories, the prediction that prices will register a moderate rise this year is based on necessary basis and conditions, so is meeting the consumer inflation target of around 3% for the year. Thank you!

邢慧娜:

Xing Huina:

时间关系，最后两个问题。

Due to the time limit, we will take the final two questions.

21世纪经济报道记者:

21st Century Business Herald:

前几天央行进行全面降准，市场上有解读说是因为下半年我国经济面临较大的下行压力，所以提前让政策更加宽松，对这块您怎么看？前几天总理召开的经济座谈会上提到，我们要加强跨周期调控，尤其要注意应对一些周期性风险，跨周期调控应该怎么调控？当前我国经济主要面临哪些周期性风险？谢谢。

China's central bank recently announced cutting the reserve requirement ratio (RRR), which is interpreted as a move to ease policies in advance so as to address the significant downward pressure that the economy will be faced with in the second half of the year. What's your comment on this? At a symposium attended by experts and entrepreneurs held a couple of days ago, Premier Li Keqiang said that we should step up cross-cyclical regulation and address some particular cyclical risks. How to make the cross-cyclical regulation work? What are the cyclical risks currently facing the Chinese economy? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问，我想你的提问应该包括两个方面的内容，一个是对未来或者下半年经济走势的判断，第二个是宏观政策走向。

Thank you for your question. I think your question is actually focusing on two aspects. One is about the economic outlook in the second half of this year, and the other is about the trajectory of macroeconomic policies.

首先回答第一个问题，经济未来的走势会怎么样？从刚才我们公布的数据来看，今年上半年经济持续稳定恢复，供需循环畅通，基本面为下半年经济运行打下了比较好的基础。从影响下半年经济走势的因素来看，总体上支持经济进一步恢复、进一步向好的因素在逐渐累积、逐渐增多。一是经济的内生动力逐步增强。今年上半年，内需对经济增长的贡献率达到80.9%，比一季度上升了4.9个百分点。其中市场销售稳步回升，今年上半年社会消费品零售总额两年平均增长4.4%，比一季度加快了0.2个百分点。投资也在持续稳定恢复，上半年固定资产投资两年平均增长4.4%，比一季度加快了1.5个百分点，说明我们的内需对经济增长的支撑作用在逐步增强。二是市场主体信心不断增强。6月份，制造业采购经理指数（PMI）为50.9%，已经连续16个月位于景气区间。非制造业商务活动指数和综合PMI产出指数也都位于比较高的景气区间，反映了市场主体对未来经济增长的信心、对未来增长活力的信心是在持续改善的。三是全球经济目前延续了复苏的态势，为外需的增长奠定了基础。6月份全球综合PMI是56.6%，保持在15年以来的高位，据WTO最新的预计，2021年全球货物贸易量有望增长8%，这个8%也反映了全球贸易复苏步伐在加快，这有利于外需保持比较快的增长。

Let me begin with the first question. Regarding the economic outlook, we can see from the data that the economy continued to recover steadily in the first half of this year, and the supply-demand cycle was unimpeded. The economic fundamentals have laid a good foundation for the economic performance in the second half of this year. In terms of the factors affecting the economic trajectory in the second half, the factors supporting the further recovery and improvement of the economy, in general, are gradually accumulating and increasing. First, the internal driving force for economic growth is becoming more powerful. In the first half of this year, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth reached 80.9%, up 4.9 percentage points from the first quarter. Market sales also witnessed a steady recovery. The average growth of the total retail sales of consumer goods in the first half-year over the past two years has been 4.4%, 0.2 percentage points higher than that of the first quarter. Investment has also been recovering steadily, with investment in fixed assets seeing a two-year average growth of 4.4% in the first half-year, up 1.5 percentage points from the first quarter. It shows that domestic demand is increasingly important in promoting economic growth. Second, growing confidence among market entities has been seen. In June, the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) was 50.9%, staying above the threshold for 16 months in a row. The non-manufacturing PMI and the composite PMI output index were both considerably above the threshold, indicating greater confidence among market entities in economic growth and growth dynamics. Third, the global economy has continued on its recovery trajectory, laying a foundation for the growth of external demand. The global composite PMI for June was 56.6%, which was among the best registered over the past 15 years. Global merchandise trade volume is expected to increase by 8% in 2021, according to the World Trade Organization's most recent forecast. An 8% projection shows that global trade recovery is getting faster, which ensures that external demand will maintain rapid growth.

在经济基本面、供需各方面稳中向好的同时，宏观政策继续保持了对实体经济的支持力度，支持小微企业和个体工商户的政策在不断落实落地，这也有利于为企业纾困解难，持续为市场注入生机活力。展望下半年，外部不稳定、不确定因素是比较多的，从内部来讲，经济增长不均衡，比如您刚才提到的原材料价格上涨对小微企业、尤其是中下游的企业带来的生产经营压力，确实也是客观存在的。但是从总的基本面来讲，从供需循环、市场信心、内需持续增强来看，下半年中国经济还是有望保持持续稳定复苏的态势。

While the economic fundamentals, as well as supply and demand, have maintained a stable performance with good momentum for growth, macroeconomic policies have continued to provide support for the real economy and more policies have gradually been adopted to support individually-owned businesses as well as small and micro businesses. These are conducive to alleviating difficulties and solving the problems enterprises are faced with and will also inject new momentum to the market. Looking ahead to the second half of the year, many external destabilizing factors and uncertainties remain. Domestically, we have to face the reality of unbalanced economic growth, caused in part by the rising prices of the raw materials that you mentioned, which have put pressure on small and micro businesses, especially those in the middle and lower reaches, in terms of their production and operation. However, considering the general fundamentals, supply-demand cycle, market confidence, and the increasingly strong domestic demand, China's economy is expected to maintain a sustained and stable recovery in the second half of the year.

您说到下一步的宏观政策，它的取向应该是什么样的？刚才也说到了，今年总体经济稳中加固、稳中向好，一方面要看到大的态势是向好的，但是另外一方面也要看到，目前国内外环境错综复杂，特别是大宗商品价格的上涨，给企业成本带来的压力比较大。针对运行中存在的突出问题，还是要按照党中央、国务院的决策部署，立足当前、着眼长远，做好跨周期调节，应对好可能发生的周期性风险。尤其是要把培育壮大市场主体放在重要位置，通过深化“放管服”改革，优化营商环境，给中小微企业更多的成长空间，为推动经济平稳健康运行奠定一个坚实的基础。谢谢。

Regarding future macroeconomic policies, as I said just now, this year's overall economy will deliver a stable performance with a consolidated foundation and a good momentum for growth. On the one hand, we should be aware that the overall trend is positive. On the other hand, we should also understand that the current environment at home and abroad is complicated and that the rise in bulk commodity prices in particular, is putting great pressure on enterprises in terms of costs. Given the prominent operational problems, we should act in accordance with the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and focus on the present while keeping an eye on the future, ensuring cross-cyclical regulation and properly address possible cyclical risks. With a focus on fostering and boosting market entities, we need to press ahead with reforms to streamline administration, delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services to improve the business environment and provide more development opportunities for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, and lay a solid foundation for steady and sound economic growth. Thank you.  

大公报香港文汇报记者:

Ta Kung Pao and Wen Wei Po:

我们看数据显示，1-6月，外商及港澳台商投资企业同比增长达到17%，您如何评价这一数据？谢谢。

The data shows that the value added to enterprises funded by foreign investors or investors from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan increased by 17% year on year from January to June. What is your comment on this figure? Thank you.

刘爱华:

Liu Aihua:

谢谢你的提问，你看数据看得非常细。外商及港澳台商投资企业增加值增长了17%，这个同比增长也是快于规模以上工业增加值增速的。今年上半年，规模以上工业增加值同比增长15.9%，这个17%的增速还是比较快的，说明外商及港澳台商投资在应对疫情冲击、适应市场环境变化中，充分发挥了应变的能力。同时，我们的政策也在不断给予各类企业和实体经济更多的支持。总体上来讲，外商及港澳台商投资的增长也印证了我们总体经济的恢复，说明市场主体的经营状况也在不断好转。谢谢。

Thank you for your question. You've checked the data very carefully. As you said, the value added to enterprises funded by foreign investors or investors from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan increased by 17% year on year. Such a growth rate is higher than that of the industrial enterprises above the designated size. In the first half of this year, the total value added to the industrial enterprises above the designated size grew by 15.9% year on year. The 17% growth rate indicates that the investment from foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan have shown flexibility in responding to the economic fallout of the pandemic and adapting to the market changes. Moreover, our policies have been providing more support to enterprises and the real economy. In general, the increase of enterprises and industries invested in by foreign investors and those from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan also confirms the recovery of our overall economy and indicates that the business performance of market entities is also improving. Thank you.

邢慧娜:

Xing Huina:

谢谢刘爱华司长，今天的新闻发布会就到这里，也感谢各位媒体朋友们，大家再见。

Thank you, Ms. Liu. Today's press conference is hereby concluded. Thank you to all of our friends from the media. Goodbye.