第七篇 坚持农业农村优先发展 全面推进乡村振兴

Part VII Agricultural and Rural Development and Rural Revitalization

走中国特色社会主义乡村振兴道路,全面实施乡村振兴战略,强化以工补农、以城带乡,推动形成工农互促、城乡互补、协调发展、共同繁荣的新型工农城乡关系,加快农业农村现代化。

A uniquely Chinese approach to rural revitalization will be adopted with strategies that encourage the manufacturing sector and urban entities to support agriculture and rural development, a move that will help create industry-agriculture and urban-rural synergies, beneficial to both urban and rural areas and allow coordinated development leading to shared prosperity and accelerated modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

第二十三章 提高农业质量效益和竞争力

Chapter 23 Quality Issues and Competitiveness in the Agricultural Sector

持续强化农业基础地位,深化农业供给侧结构性改革,强化质量导向,推动乡村产业振兴。

The fundamental role of agriculture should never be underestimated. Supply-side structural reform in the agricultural sector is necessary to spur the growth of rural industries, with special attention to improving the quality of their products.

第一节 增强农业综合生产能力

I. Boosting the overall agricultural production capacity

夯实粮食生产能力基础,保障粮、棉、油、糖、肉、奶等重要农产品供给安全。坚持最严格的耕地保护制度,强化耕地数量保护和质量提升,严守18亿亩耕地红线,遏制耕地“非农化”、防止“非粮化”,规范耕地占补平衡,严禁占优补劣、占水田补旱地。以粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区为重点,建设国家粮食安全产业带,实施高标准农田建设工程,建成10.75亿亩集中连片高标准农田。实施黑土地保护工程,加强东北黑土地保护和地力恢复。推进大中型灌区节水改造和精细化管理,建设节水灌溉骨干工程,同步推进水价综合改革。加强大中型、智能化、复合型农业机械研发应用,农作物耕种收综合机械化率提高到75%。加强种质资源保护利用和种子库建设,确保种源安全。加强农业良种技术攻关,有序推进生物育种产业化应用,培育具有国际竞争力的种业龙头企业。完善农业科技创新体系,创新农技推广服务方式,建设智慧农业。加强动物防疫和农作物病虫害防治,强化农业气象服务。

We will consolidate the foundation of grain production capacity and ensure the supply of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, cooking oil, sugar, meat, and milk. We will enforce the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, strengthen the protection of farmland quantity and enhance its quality, ensure the total area of China’s farmland stay above the red line of 120 million hectares, prevent the use of farmland for non-agricultural and non-grain purposes, regulate the balance between the occupation and replenishment of farmland, and strictly prohibit the replacement of superior land with inferior land and irrigable land with to non-irrigable land. Focusing on functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products, we will build a national food security industrial belt, implement high-quality farmland development projects, and build contiguous high-quality farmland of more than 71.67 million hectares. We will carry out chernozem soil conservation projects and strengthen the conservation of chernozem soils and restoration of soil fertility in northeast China. We will promote water-saving transformation and lean management in large and medium-sized irrigation areas and build key water-saving irrigation projects while promoting comprehensive water pricing reform. We will step up the research, development and application of large and medium-sized, smart and multifunctional agricultural machinery so that the overall level of mechanization in plowing, sowing, and harvesting can be increased to 75%. We will boost the protection and utilization of germplasm resources and the development of seed banks to ensure the security of seed sources; step up efforts to break bottlenecks in developing technology to improve agricultural varieties; steadily advance the industrial application of biological breeding; and foster leading enterprises in the seed industry with international competitiveness. We will improve the agricultural science and technology innovation system, employ new ways to promote agricultural technologies, and develop smart agriculture. We will channel more efforts into animal epidemic prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests, as well as agrometeorological services.

第二节 深化农业结构调整

II. Structural adjustment in the agricultural sector

优化农业生产布局,建设优势农产品产业带和特色农产品优势区。推进粮经饲统筹、农林牧渔协调,优化种植业结构,大力发展现代畜牧业,促进水产生态健康养殖。积极发展设施农业,因地制宜发展林果业。深入推进优质粮食工程。推进农业绿色转型,加强产地环境保护治理,发展节水农业和旱作农业,深入实施农药化肥减量行动,治理农膜污染,提升农膜回收利用率,推进秸秆综合利用和畜禽粪污资源化利用。完善绿色农业标准体系,加强绿色食品、有机农产品和地理标志农产品认证管理。强化全过程农产品质量安全监管,健全追溯体系。建设现代农业产业园区和农业现代化示范区。

We will improve the distribution of agricultural production, and build industrial belts for advantageous agricultural products and advantageous areas of featured agricultural products. We will promote the overall planning of grain, cash crops, and feed, as well as the coordination of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery; improve the farming structure; vigorously develop modern animal husbandry and healthy aquaculture; and actively develop protected agriculture as well as forestry and fruit industry according to local conditions. We will further promote high-quality grain projects, drive the green transformation of agriculture, boost environmental protection in production areas, develop water-saving and dry-farming techniques, advance the initiative of reducing pesticides and fertilizers, control agricultural film pollution by improving its recovery and utilization rate, and promote the comprehensive utilization of straw and the utilization of livestock manure as resources. We will improve the green agriculture standard system and the certification of green food, organic agricultural products, and agricultural products with geographical indications; intensify whole-process quality and safety supervision over agricultural products and improve the traceability system; and build industrial parks of modern agriculture and agricultural modernization demonstration zones.

第三节 丰富乡村经济业态

III. Diversification of the rural economy

发展县城经济,推进农村一二三产业融合发展,延长农业产业链条,发展各具特色的现代乡村富民产业。推动种养加结合和产业链再造,提高农产品加工业和农业生产性服务业发展水平,壮大休闲农业、乡村旅游、民宿经济等特色产业。加强农产品仓储保鲜和冷链物流设施建设,健全农村产权交易、商贸流通、检验检测认证等平台和智能标准厂房等设施,引导农村二三产业集聚发展。完善利益联结机制,通过“资源变资产、资金变股金、农民变股东”,让农民更多分享产业增值收益。

We will develop county economy, promote the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, extend the agricultural industrial chain, and develop featured modern industries to ensure rural prosperity. We will boost the combination of farming, breeding, and processing and the reengineering of industrial chain, advance the development of agricultural products processing industry and agricultural producer service industry, and expand characteristic industries such as leisure agriculture, rural tourism, and homestay economy. We will step up the development of storage and preservation as well as cold chain logistics facilities for agricultural products, improve rural property rights trading, commercial circulation, inspection, testing, and certification platforms, as well as smart standard plants and other facilities, and encourage the development of clusters in rural secondary and tertiary industries. We will improve the interest linkage mechanism, and ensure farmers share more benefits from the growth of industries by “turning resources into assets, funds into shares, and farmers into shareholders”.

第二十四章 实施乡村建设行动

Chapter 24 Rural Development Initiatives

把乡村建设摆在社会主义现代化建设的重要位置,优化生产生活生态空间,持续改善村容村貌和人居环境,建设美丽宜居乡村。

Rural development is high on our socialist modernization agenda. Rural development initiatives aim to increase production, conserve and protect ecosystems, and improve the living environment.

第一节 强化乡村建设的规划引领

I. Rural development planning

统筹县城城镇和村庄规划建设,通盘考虑土地利用、产业发展、居民点建设、人居环境整治、生态保护、防灾减灾和历史文化传承。科学编制县城村庄布局规划,因地制宜、分类推进村庄建设,规范开展全域土地综合整治,保护传统村落、民族村寨和乡村风貌,严禁随意撤并村庄搞大社区、违背农民意愿大拆大建。优化布局乡村生活空间,严格保护农业生产空间和乡村生态空间,科学划定养殖业适养、限养、禁养区域。鼓励有条件地区编制实用性村庄规划。

We will coordinate the planning and development of towns and villages in counties while considering all relevant factors, including land use, industrial development, development of residential areas, improvement of the living environment, ecological conservation, disaster prevention and reduction, and conservation of cultural heritage. We will design sound layout plans for villages in counties, develop villages of different categories according to different local conditions, regulate the comprehensive improvement of land in the whole region, protect traditional villages, ethnic villages, and rural styles and features, and strictly prohibit the willful removal and merger of villages to build large communities or large-scale demolition and construction against the wishes of farmers. We will improve the layout of rural living spaces, strictly preserve the spaces for agricultural production and rural ecological conservation, and delineate suitable, restrained, and forbidden areas for breeding industry. We will also encourage areas to draw up practical village plans, where conditions permit.

第二节 提升乡村基础设施和公共服务水平

II. Upgrading infrastructure and public services in rural areas

以县城为基本单元推进城乡融合发展,强化县城综合服务能力和乡镇服务农民功能。健全城乡基础设施统一规划、统一建设、统一管护机制,推动市政公用设施向郊区乡村和规模较大中心镇延伸,完善乡村水、电、路、气、邮政通信、广播电视、物流等基础设施,提升农房建设质量。推进城乡基本公共服务标准统一、制度并轨,增加农村教育、医疗、养老、文化等服务供给,推进县城内教师医生交流轮岗,鼓励社会力量兴办农村公益事业。提高农民科技文化素质,推动乡村人才振兴。

We will drive the integrated development of urban and rural areas by taking counties as the basic units, and enhance counties’ capacity to provide comprehensive services and townships’ functions to serve farmers. We will improve the mechanism for unified planning, development, management, and protection of urban and rural infrastructure, promote the extension of municipal utilities to suburban villages and large-scale central towns, improve rural infrastructure relating to water, electricity, roads, gas, postal communications, radio and television, and logistics, as well as the quality of rural housing construction. We will promote the adoption of the same standards for basic public services and the same systems in urban and rural areas; increase the provision of services in education, healthcare, old-age care, culture, and other fields in rural areas; promote the exchange and job rotation of teachers and doctors in counties; and encourage non-governmental actors to launch charitable initiatives in rural areas. We will improve farmers’ literacy in science, technology, and culture, and promote the revitalization of rural talents.

第三节 改善农村人居环境

III. Better living environment in rural areas

开展农村人居环境整治提升行动,稳步解决“垃圾围村”和乡村黑臭水体等突出环境问题。推进农村生活垃圾就地分类和资源化利用,以乡镇政府驻地和中心村为重点梯次推进农村生活污水治理。支持因地制宜推进农村厕所革命。推进农村水系综合整治。深入开展村庄清洁和绿化行动,实现村庄公共空间及庭院房屋、村庄周边干净整洁。

We will work on redeveloping the rural living environment, and steadily resolve outstanding environmental issues such as the “villages surrounded by garbage” and dirty and odorous water bodies in rural areas. We will promote the on-site sorting and recycling of household waste and steadily advance household sewage treatment in rural areas, while focusing on seats of township governments and central villages. We will promote the toilet revolution in line with local conditions, boost comprehensive improvement of rural water systems, and organize in-depth village cleaning and greening activities to make public spaces, courtyards, and houses in villages, as well as their surrounding areas clean and tidy.

第二十五章 健全城乡融合发展体制机制

Chapter 25 Integrated Urban-Rural Development

建立健全城乡要素平等交换、双向流动政策体系,促进要素更多向乡村流动,增强农业农村发展活力。

Favorable policies will be rolled out to facilitate two-way flows of urban and rural production factors, and encourage, in particular, channeling more resources towards rural areas to boost rural dynamism.

第一节 深化农业农村改革

I. Agricultural and rural reforms

巩固完善农村基本经营制度,落实第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年政策,完善农村承包地所有权、承包权、经营权分置制度,进一步放活经营权。发展多种形式适度规模经营,加快培育家庭农场、农民合作社等新型农业经营主体,健全农业专业化社会化服务体系,实现小农户和现代农业有机衔接。深化农村宅基地制度改革试点,加快房地一体的宅基地确权颁证,探索宅基地所有权、资格权、使用权分置实现形式。积极探索实施农村集体经营性建设用地入市制度。允许农村集体在农民自愿前提下,依法把有偿收回的闲置宅基地、废弃的集体公益性建设用地转变为集体经营性建设用地入市。建立土地征收公共利益认定机制,缩小土地征收范围。深化农村集体产权制度改革,完善产权权能,将经营性资产量化到集体经济组织成员,发展壮大新型农村集体经济。切实减轻村级组织负担。发挥国家城乡融合发展试验区、农村改革试验区示范带动作用。

We will consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, implement the policy of extending the second round of land contracts for another 30 years upon expiration, improve the system of separating the ownership right, contract right, and management right of rural contracted land, and further reduce restrictions on the management right. We will develop various types of appropriately scaled agribusiness operations, accelerate the fostering of new agricultural business entities such as family farms and farmers’ cooperatives, improve the system of specialized and commercial services for agriculture, and introduce small rural households to modern agriculture. We will further carry out trial reforms on rural land designated for housing, accelerate the confirmation and certification of both land and house rights, and explore the approach to achieving the separation of ownership, entitlement, and right to use of rural land designated for housing. We will vigorously explore and implement a system for putting rural collective land for development purposes on the market, allow rural collectives to convert idled land designated for housing that has been recovered after paying compensation, and disused collective land designated for public good into collective land for development purposes and put the land on the market according to law based on the premise of farmers’ willingness. We will establish a mechanism for determining public interests in rural land requisition and narrow the scope of requisitioned land. We will deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system, improve the powers and functions of property rights, quantify for-profit assets for the members of the collective economic organizations, and develop a new rural collective economy to effectively alleviate the burden of village-level organizations. We will give play to the exemplary role of national pilot zones for integrated urban-rural development and rural reform pilot zones.

第二节 加强农业农村发展要素保障

II. Supply of production factors for agricultural and rural development

健全农业农村投入保障制度,加大中央财政转移支付、土地出让收入、地方政府债券支持农业农村力度。健全农业支持保护制度,完善粮食主产区利益补偿机制,构建新型农业补贴政策体系,完善粮食最低收购价政策。深化供销合作社改革。完善农村用地保障机制,保障设施农业和乡村产业发展合理用地需求。健全农村金融服务体系,完善金融支农激励机制,扩大农村资产抵押担保融资范围,发展农业保险。允许入乡就业创业人员在原籍地或就业创业地落户并享受相关权益,建立科研人员入乡兼职兼薪和离岗创业制度。

We will improve the system for guaranteeing government funding for agriculture and rural areas and increase support to them from the central government’s financial transfer payments, proceeds from sale of land-use rights, and local government bonds. We will improve the agricultural support and protection system, as well as the interest compensation mechanism for major grain-producing areas, develop a new system of agricultural subsidy policies, and refine the policy for setting minimum prices for state grain purchases. We will deepen the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and improve the support mechanism for rural land use, to ensure that the reasonable land-use needs in developing protected agriculture and rural industries are met. We will improve the rural financial service system and the incentive mechanism of financial support to agriculture, expand the scope of financing guaranteed by rural asset collateral, and develop agricultural insurance. We will allow people who seek employment or who want to start businesses in the countryside to register their household and enjoy relevant rights and interests in their native places or the locations of their jobs or businesses, and establish a system for scientific researchers to engage in secondary jobs and off-post entrepreneurship in rural areas.

第二十六章 实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接

Chapter 26 Rural Revitalization to Be Pursued by Building on Success in Poverty Alleviation

建立完善农村低收入人口和欠发达地区帮扶机制,保持主要帮扶政策和财政投入力度总体稳定,接续推进脱贫地区发展。

Support will continue to be provided to rural low-income groups and underdeveloped areas. The level of government funding for this purpose will stay stable and assistance programs will continue to be implemented even after the target communities have been lifted out of poverty, a move that is intended to keep the momentum going and prevent the vulnerable from slipping back into poverty.

第一节 巩固提升脱贫攻坚成果

I. Building on poverty alleviation achievements

严格落实“摘帽不摘责任、摘帽不摘政策、摘帽不摘帮扶、摘帽不摘监管”要求,建立健全巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果长效机制。健全防止返贫动态监测和精准帮扶机制,对易返贫致贫人口实施常态化监测,建立健全快速发现和响应机制,分层分类及时纳入帮扶政策范围。完善农村社会保障和救助制度,健全农村低收入人口常态化帮扶机制。对脱贫地区继续实施城乡建设用地增减挂钩节余指标省内交易政策、调整完善跨省域交易政策。加强扶贫项目资金资产管理和监督,推动特色产业可持续发展。推广以工代赈方式,带动低收入人口就地就近就业。做好易地扶贫搬迁后续帮扶,加强大型搬迁安置区新型城镇化建设。

We will work to meet the requirements of “continuing poverty alleviation responsibility, policies, and assistance and oversight for areas that have been removed from the poverty list”, and establish a robust long-term mechanism for consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation achievements. We will improve the dynamic monitoring and targeted assistance mechanisms for preventing people from falling back into poverty, regularly monitor groups who are liable to return to or fall into poverty, establish a sound mechanism for rapid detection and response, and bring people who can potentially return to poverty into the scope of assistance policies in a timely manner, considering different types at different levels. We will improve the social security and assistance system in rural areas, and improve the mechanism for regular assistance of low-income rural residents. For areas that have been lifted out of poverty, we will continue to implement the policy for intra-provincial trading of the surplus quotas under the policy of linking newly-added cropland quotas with the amount of land used for urban and rural construction, and adjust and improve the policy of inter-provincial trading of the same. We will step up the management and supervision of funds and assets in poverty alleviation projects, and promote the sustainable development of characteristic industries. By rolling out work-relief programs, we will drive low-income population to get jobs locally or in nearby regions. We will effectively provide follow-up support for people relocated from inhospitable areas, and promote a new type of urbanization in large-scale resettlement areas.

第二节 提升脱贫地区整体发展水平

II. A continued upward trajectory for communities recently out of poverty

实施脱贫地区特色种养业提升行动,广泛开展农产品产销对接活动,深化拓展消费帮扶。在西部地区脱贫县中集中支持一批乡村振兴重点帮扶县,从财政、金融、土地、人才、基础设施、公共服务等方面给予集中支持,增强其巩固脱贫成果及内生发展能力。坚持和完善东西部协作和对口支援、中央单位定点帮扶、社会力量参与帮扶等机制,调整优化东西部协作结对帮扶关系和帮扶方式,强化产业合作和劳务协作。

We will encourage the areas that have got rid of poverty to develop featured farming and breeding industries, extensively organize activities to ensure better linkage between production and sales of agricultural products, and expand the assistance by boosting the consumption of goods produced by the areas lifted out of poverty. A number of counties lifted out of poverty in western China will be designated as key counties for receiving assistance for rural revitalization and receive focused support in terms of government funding, financial services, land, manpower, infrastructure, and public services, so as to increase their capacity to consolidate their achievements in poverty alleviation and boost internal forces driving development. We will carry on and improve the mechanisms for collaboration between the eastern and western regions, for providing paired assistance, for designated assistance by central departments and organizations, and for the participation of non-governmental entities. We will adjust and improve the collaboration between eastern and western regions in offering paired assistance and the way of offering such assistance and give greater emphasis to industrial and labor service cooperation.

第八篇 完善新型城镇化战略 提升城镇化发展质量

Part VIII New Urbanization Strategy with a Focus on Quality Development

坚持走中国特色新型城镇化道路,深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化战略,以城市群、都市圈为依托促进大中小城市和小城镇协调联动、特色化发展,使更多人民群众享有更高品质的城市生活。

A uniquely Chinese approach to urbanization will continue to guide the new urbanization process. The process should be people-centered. It aims to promote coordinated development of large, medium-sized, and small cities and small towns that make up urban clusters and metropolitan areas, while helping local cultural traditions and industries and services with local characteristics thrive. The goal is to allow more people to enjoy better city life.

第二十七章 加快农业转移人口市民化

Chapter 27 Urban Residency Status for Rural Residents

坚持存量优先、带动增量,统筹推进户籍制度改革和城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖,健全农业转移人口市民化配套政策体系,加快推动农业转移人口全面融入城市。

The household registration system will undergo an overhaul to ensure full access to basic urban public services for all urban residents, and allow rural residents who have moved to urban areas, especially those who have been living for a long time in cities to gain urban residency, so as to facilitate their integration into city life.

第一节 深化户籍制度改革

I. Reform of the household registration system

放开放宽除个别超大城市外的落户限制,试行以经常居住地登记户口制度。全面取消城区常住人口300万以下的城市落户限制,确保外地与本地农业转移人口进城落户标准一视同仁。全面放宽城区常住人口300万至500万的I型大城市落户条件。完善城区常住人口500万以上的超大特大城市积分落户政策,精简积分项目,确保社会保险缴纳年限和居住年限分数占主要比例,鼓励取消年度落户名额限制。健全以居住证为载体、与居住年限等条件相挂钩的基本公共服务提供机制,鼓励地方政府提供更多基本公共服务和办事便利,提高居住证持有人城镇义务教育、住房保障等服务的实际享有水平。

We will lift or reduce the restrictions on household registration, except in certain mega cities, and pilot the household registration system based on places of one’s habitual residence. We will lift all restrictions on household registration in cities with a permanent urban population of less than 3 million, and ensure that the people who have moved from other and local rural areas enjoy equal treatment with respect to urban household registration. For Type-I large cities with a permanent urban population of 3 to 5 million, we will fully relax the conditions for granting urban residency. For mega cities with a permanent urban population of more than 5 million, we will improve the points-based household registration policy by streamlining the points categories, to ensure that the number of years of social insurance payment and the number of years of residence carry the most weight, and we will encourage the cancellation of the annual quota for household registration. We will improve the mechanism for providing basic public services based on the residence permit and linked to the length of residence and other conditions, encourage local governments to provide more basic public services and more convenient access to government services, and improve the urban compulsory education, housing, and other services actually enjoyed by residence permit holders.

第二节 健全农业转移人口市民化机制

II. Urban residency status for rural migrants

完善财政转移支付与农业转移人口市民化挂钩相关政策,提高均衡性转移支付分配中常住人口折算比例,中央财政市民化奖励资金分配主要依据跨省落户人口数量确定。建立财政性建设资金对吸纳落户较多城市的基础设施投资补助机制,加大中央预算内投资支持力度。调整城镇建设用地年度指标分配依据,建立同吸纳农业转移人口落户数量和提供保障性住房规模挂钩机制。根据人口流动实际调整人口流入流出地区教师、医生等编制定额和基本公共服务设施布局。依法保障进城落户农民农村土地承包权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权,建立农村产权流转市场体系,健全农户“三权”市场化退出机制和配套政策。

We will improve the policies related to the linkage between the fiscal transfer payments and the granting of urban residency to the people with rural household registration living in urban areas, raise the conversion ratio of the permanent population in the balanced distribution of the transfer payments, and determine the distribution of the central fiscal incentive funds for urban residency primarily based on the number of the people who have moved from other provinces. For cities that have taken in a large number of people who have relocated from rural areas, we will set up a mechanism for subsidizing their infrastructure construction with part of fiscal construction funds, and increase central funding budgetary support. We will adjust the basis for the annual allotment of land designated for construction in urban areas, and establish a mechanism to link the allotment with the number of people with rural household registration living in urban areas granted with urban residency and the scale of government-subsidized housing. We will adjust the quota of teachers and doctors and the layout of basic public service facilities for areas with inflow and outflow population according to the actual population flow. We will protect the rights of rural migrants who have settled in cities in accordance with the law with respect to farmland contracting, residential land use, and proceeds from rural collective undertakings, establish a market system for transferring rural property rights, and improve the mechanism and supporting policies for market-based abdication from the abovementioned “three rights” of rural households.

第二十八章 完善城镇化空间布局

Chapter 28 Spatial Distribution of Urban Centers

发展壮大城市群和都市圈,分类引导大中小城市发展方向和建设重点,形成疏密有致、分工协作、功能完善的城镇化空间格局。

With the expansion of urban clusters and metropolitan areas, better coordination is essential for the development of large, medium-sized, and small cities that make up clusters, each with its own priorities and areas of focus, taking into account the need for proper density, coordination in service delivery, and rational distribution of services and amenities.

第一节 推动城市群一体化发展

I. Integrated development of urban clusters

以促进城市群发展为抓手,全面形成“两横三纵”城镇化战略格局。优化提升京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝、长江中游等城市群,发展壮大山东半岛、粤闽浙沿海、中原、关中平原、北部湾等城市群,培育发展哈长、辽中南、山西中部、黔中、滇中、呼包鄂榆、兰州-西宁、宁夏沿黄、天山北坡等城市群。建立健全城市群一体化协调发展机制和成本共担、利益共享机制,统筹推进基础设施协调布局、产业分工协作、公共服务共享、生态共建环境共治。优化城市群内部空间结构,构筑生态和安全屏障,形成多中心、多层级、多节点的网络型城市群。

We will take promoting the development of urban clusters as the starting point to all-roundly form a strategic pattern of urbanization featuring “two horizontal and three vertical axes”, by upgrading the urban clusters of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing region, and the middle reaches of Yangtze River; developing the urban clusters of Shandong Peninsula, the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang, the Central Plains, the Guanzhong Plain, and the Beibu Gulf; and fostering the urban clusters of Harbin-Changchun, Central and Southern Liaoning, Central Shanxi, Central Guizhou, Central Yunnan, Huhhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin, Lanzhou-Xining, Ningxia along the Yellow River, and the north slope of Tianshan Mountains. We will establish and improve the mechanisms for integrated and coordinated development of urban clusters and for cost and benefit sharing, and comprehensively promote the coordinated layout of infrastructure, industrial division of labor and cooperation, public service sharing, ecological co-construction, and environmental co-governance. We will also optimize the internal spatial structure of urban clusters and build them into a multi-center, multi-level, and multi-nodal network with improved ecological and security shields.

第二节 建设现代化都市圈

II. Modern metropolitan areas

依托辐射带动能力较强的中心城市,提高1小时通勤圈协同发展水平,培育发展一批同城化程度高的现代化都市圈。以城际铁路和市域(郊)铁路等轨道交通为骨干,打通各类“断头路”、“瓶颈路”,推动市内市外交通有效衔接和轨道交通“四网融合”,提高都市圈基础设施连接性贯通性。鼓励都市圈社保和落户积分互认、教育和医疗资源共享,推动科技创新券通兑通用、产业园区和科研平台合作共建。鼓励有条件的都市圈建立统一的规划委员会,实现规划统一编制、统一实施,探索推进土地、人口等统一管理。

We will improve the coordinated development of one-hour commute circles by relying on the central cities with strong capacity to facilitate the development of surrounding areas, and foster several modern metropolitan areas with a high degree of urban integration. With intercity railways, suburban railways, and other rail transits as the backbone, we will eliminate all kinds of “dead end roads” and “bottleneck roads”, promote effective connection of intra-city and inter-city traffic and integration of “the four networks” - trunk, intercity, suburban, and urban railways, and improve the connectivity of infrastructure in metropolitan areas. We will encourage mutual recognition of social security and household registration points, sharing of educational and medical resources in metropolitan areas, and promote the exchange and circulation of scientific and technological innovation coupons as well as the co-construction of industrial parks and scientific research platforms. Where conditions permit, metropolitan areas will be encouraged to establish unified planning committees to achieve unified formulation and implementation of plans, and ways will be sought to promote unified management of land and population.

第三节 优化提升超大特大城市中心城区功能

III. Functions of the central areas in mega cities reimagined

统筹兼顾经济、生活、生态、安全等多元需要,转变超大特大城市开发建设方式,加强超大特大城市治理中的风险防控,促进高质量、可持续发展。有序疏解中心城区一般性制造业、区域性物流基地、专业市场等功能和设施,以及过度集中的医疗和高等教育等公共服务资源,合理降低开发强度和人口密度。增强全球资源配置、科技创新策源、高端产业引领功能,率先形成以现代服务业为主体、先进制造业为支撑的产业结构,提升综合能级与国际竞争力。坚持产城融合,完善郊区新城功能,实现多中心、组团式发展。

We will take into account the multiple needs of economy, life, ecology, and security to transform the development model of mega cities, and strengthen their risk prevention and control in terms of governance, so as to promote their high-quality and sustainable development. In order to appropriately reduce the development intensity and population density in central urban areas of mega cities, we will relieve in an orderly manner the areas of general manufacturing industries, regional logistics bases and professional markets as well as related functions and facilities, and avoid excessive concentration of public service resources including medical services and higher education. We will enhance the roles of mega cities in global resource allocation, in driving scientific and technological innovation, and in leading the development of high-end industries, ensure that mega cities take the lead in forming an industrial structure with modern service industry as the mainstay and advanced manufacturing as the prop, and enhance their overall capacity and international competitiveness. We will continue the integration of urban areas and industries and improve the functions of new suburban cities to realize multi-center and cluster development.

第四节 完善大中城市宜居宜业功能

IV. Livability and better working conditions in large and medium-sized cities

充分利用综合成本相对较低的优势,主动承接超大特大城市产业转移和功能疏解,夯实实体经济发展基础。立足特色资源和产业基础,确立制造业差异化定位,推动制造业规模化集群化发展,因地制宜建设先进制造业基地、商贸物流中心和区域专业服务中心。优化市政公用设施布局和功能,支持三级医院和高等院校在大中城市布局,增加文化体育资源供给,营造现代时尚的消费场景,提升城市生活品质。

We will make full use of the relatively low comprehensive cost advantages of large and medium-sized cities, and actively undertake the transfer of industries and functions of mega cities, to lay a solid foundation for the development of the real economy. Based on these cities’ featured resources and industrial foundation, we will have differentiated positioning in manufacturing to promote the development of the manufacturing sector on a large scale or in clusters, and build advanced manufacturing bases, commercial and trading logistics centers, and regional professional service centers according to local conditions. We will improve the layout and functions of municipal public facilities, support the presence of tertiary hospitals and universities in large and medium-sized cities, increase the supply of cultural and sports resources, and create a modern and fashionable consumption environment, to make cities better places for living.

第五节 推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设

V. County-level urbanization

加快县城补短板强弱项,推进公共服务、环境卫生、市政公用、产业配套等设施提级扩能,增强综合承载能力和治理能力。支持东部地区基础较好的县城建设,重点支持中西部和东北城镇化地区县城建设,合理支持农产品主产区、重点生态功能区县城建设。健全县城建设投融资机制,更好发挥财政性资金作用,引导金融资本和社会资本加大投入力度。稳步有序推动符合条件的县和镇区常住人口20万以上的特大镇设市。按照区位条件、资源禀赋和发展基础,因地制宜发展小城镇,促进特色小镇规范健康发展。

We will step up efforts to shore up weak links in counties, upgrade and expand their public services, environmental sanitation, municipal utilities, and industrial supporting facilities, and enhance their overall carrying capacity and governance capacity. We will support the development of the counties with a good foundation in the eastern regions, focus on the development of counties in the urbanized areas of central and western regions as well as northeastern regions, and appropriately support the development of counties in major production areas of agricultural products and key eco-function zones. We will improve the funding and financing mechanism for development of counties, to give better play to the role of fiscal funds, and guide financial and non-governmental capital to increase funding. We will steadily and in an orderly manner promote the conversion of qualified counties and super-large towns with a permanent population of over 200,000 into cities, develop small towns according to the local conditions, resource endowment and development basis, and promote the standardized and healthy development of characteristic towns.

第二十九章 全面提升城市品质

Chapter 29 Quality of Urban Living

加快转变城市发展方式,统筹城市规划建设管理,实施城市更新行动,推动城市空间结构优化和品质提升。

A paradigm shift in urban development is necessary to better coordinate urban planning and city development management, including initiatives for urban renewal and for more rational use of urban space, with a view to improving the quality of urban living.  

第一节 转变城市发展方式

I. A paradigm shift in urban development

按照资源环境承载能力合理确定城市规模和空间结构,统筹安排城市建设、产业发展、生态涵养、基础设施和公共服务。推行功能复合、立体开发、公交导向的集约紧凑型发展模式,统筹地上地下空间利用,增加绿化节点和公共开敞空间,新建住宅推广街区制。推行城市设计和风貌管控,落实适用、经济、绿色、美观的新时期建筑方针,加强新建高层建筑管控。加快推进城市更新,改造提升老旧小区、老旧厂区、老旧街区和城中村等存量片区功能,推进老旧楼宇改造,积极扩建新建停车场、充电桩。

We will logically determine the scale and spatial structure of cities in accordance with the carrying capacity of resources and the environment and make overall arrangements for urban construction, industrial development, ecological conservation, infrastructure, and public services. We will adopt an intensive and compact development model that enables multi-functional, three-dimensional, and transit-oriented development, coordinate the utilization of above-ground and underground space, increase greening nodes and public open space, and promote the block system for new residential buildings. We will promote management and control of urban design and landscape, put into effect guidelines for building applicable, economic, green, and beautiful cityscape in the new era, and strengthen control over new high-rise buildings. We will accelerate urban renewal by redeveloping and upgrading the functions of old residential areas, old factory areas, old blocks and urban villages among other idle zones, promote the renovation of old buildings, and actively expand new parking lots and charging piles.

第二节 推进新型城市建设

II. New city centers

顺应城市发展新理念新趋势,开展城市现代化试点示范,建设宜居、创新、智慧、绿色、人文、韧性城市。提升城市智慧化水平,推行城市楼宇、公共空间、地下管网等“一张图”数字化管理和城市运行一网统管。科学规划布局城市绿环绿廊绿楔绿道,推进生态修复和功能完善工程,优先发展城市公共交通,建设自行车道、步行道等慢行网络,发展智能建造,推广绿色建材、装配式建筑和钢结构住宅,建设低碳城市。保护和延续城市文脉,杜绝大拆大建,让城市留下记忆、让居民记住乡愁。建设源头减排、蓄排结合、排涝除险、超标应急的城市防洪排涝体系,推动城市内涝治理取得明显成效。增强公共设施应对风暴、干旱和地质灾害的能力,完善公共设施和建筑应急避难功能。加强无障碍环境建设。拓展城市建设资金来源渠道,建立期限匹配、渠道多元、财务可持续的融资机制。

In line with the new vision and trend of urban development, we will carry out pilot and demonstration projects to modernize cities, and make them livable, innovative, smart, green, civil, and resilient. We will build smarter cities and practice the “one map” digital management of urban buildings, public space, and underground pipe network as well as the unified network management of urban operations. We will make sound plans for developing the green ring, green corridor, green wedge, and green lane in urban areas, promote ecological restoration and functional improvement, prioritize the development of urban transit, develop a slow-traffic network of bicycle lanes and pedestrian paths, develop smart construction, and build low-carbon cities by popularizing the use of eco-friendly building materials, prefabricated buildings, and steel structure housing. We will keep cultural heritage alive and put an end to large-scale demolition and construction so that cities can evoke the nostalgia of residents. We will build an urban flood control and drainage system featuring combination of storage and drainage for the source emission reduction, elimination of the waterlogging risk and emergency response, so as to achieve substantial results in promoting urban waterlogging control. We will enhance the ability of public facilities to cope with storms, droughts, and geological disasters, and improve the functions of public facilities and buildings as emergency shelters. We will strengthen the building of an accessible environment, expand the sources of urban construction funds, and establish a financially sustainable financing mechanism that involves appropriate terms and supports diversified channels.

第三节 提高城市治理水平

III. Urban governance

坚持党建引领、重心下移、科技赋能,不断提升城市治理科学化精细化智能化水平,推进市域社会治理现代化。改革完善城市管理体制。推广“街乡吹哨、部门报到、接诉即办”等基层管理机制经验,推动资源、管理、服务向街道社区下沉,加快建设现代社区。运用数字技术推动城市管理手段、管理模式、管理理念创新,精准高效满足群众需求。加强物业服务监管,提高物业服务覆盖率、服务质量和标准化水平。

We will uphold Party building measures, shift the focus downward, and ensure empowerment by science and technology, continue to make urban governance more effective, meticulous, and intelligent, and promote the modernization of social governance in urban areas. We will reform and improve the urban management system, promote the experience of community-level management mechanisms as represented by “all departments responding to the call of the sub-district and township governments to process public complaints without delay”, channel more resources, management, and services down to sub-districts and communities, and accelerate the building of modern communities. We will promote innovation in urban management methodology, model, and concept with digital technology and meet the exact needs of the people with high efficiency. We will strengthen property service oversight and improve the coverage, quality, and standardization of property services.

第四节 完善住房市场体系和住房保障体系

IV. Housing market and housing support

坚持房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的定位,加快建立多主体供给、多渠道保障、租购并举的住房制度,让全体人民住有所居、职住平衡。坚持因地制宜、多策并举,夯实城市政府主体责任,稳定地价、房价和预期。建立住房和土地联动机制,加强房地产金融调控,发挥住房税收调节作用,支持合理自住需求,遏制投资投机性需求。加快培育和发展住房租赁市场,有效盘活存量住房资源,有力有序扩大城市租赁住房供给,完善长租房政策,逐步使租购住房在享受公共服务上具有同等权利。加快住房租赁法规建设,加强租赁市场监管,保障承租人和出租人合法权益。有效增加保障性住房供给,完善住房保障基础性制度和支持政策。以人口流入多、房价高的城市为重点,扩大保障性租赁住房供给,着力解决困难群体和新市民住房问题。单列租赁住房用地计划,探索利用集体建设用地和企事业单位自有闲置土地建设租赁住房,支持将非住宅房屋改建为保障性租赁住房。完善土地出让收入分配机制,加大财税、金融支持力度。因地制宜发展共有产权住房。处理好基本保障和非基本保障的关系,完善住房保障方式,健全保障对象、准入门槛、退出管理等政策。改革完善住房公积金制度,健全缴存、使用、管理和运行机制。

We will uphold the principle that housing is for living rather than for speculation, and accelerate the establishment of a housing system with diverse suppliers, multiple channels of support, and combined renting and purchase, to ensure access to housing and balanced job and housing provisions for all people. We will implement a host of measures based on local conditions and ensure that urban governments have the primary responsibility for keeping land and housing prices and expectations stable. We will establish a linkage mechanism between housing and land, strengthen financial regulation of real estate, give full play to the regulatory role of housing tax, support reasonable demand for owner-occupied housing, and curb speculative and investment-related demand for housing. We will work faster to foster and develop the housing rental market, effectively revitalize idle housing resources, expand the supply of urban rental housing in an effective and orderly manner, improve the long-term rental housing policy, and gradually endow renters and purchasers of housing with equal rights in terms of access to public services. We will step up the development of housing rental laws and regulations and strengthen the supervision of the rental market to protect the legitimate rights and interests of lessees and lessors. We will effectively increase the supply of government-subsidized housing and improve the basic system and supporting policies for guaranteeing access to housing. We will expand the supply of government-subsidized rental housing with a focus put on cities with large population inflows and high housing prices, and step up efforts to solve the housing problems of people in difficulties and new residents. We will formulate a separate land use plan for rental housing, explore the use of collective construction land and idle land owned by enterprises and public institutions to build rental housing, and support the conversion of non-residential housing into affordable rental housing. We will improve the mechanism for distribution of income from land transfer, and increase fiscal, taxation, and financial support. We will develop shared ownership housing in line with local conditions, properly handle the relationship between basic guarantee and non-basic guarantee and improve the way of housing guarantee and the policies on the targets, threshold, and exit management concerning housing guarantee. We will reform and improve the housing provident fund system in terms of mechanisms for deposit, use, management, and operation.

第九篇 优化区域经济布局 促进区域协调发展

Part IX Improving Regional Economic Structures and Promoting Coordinated Regional Development

深入实施区域重大战略、区域协调发展战略、主体功能区战略,健全区域协调发展体制机制,构建高质量发展的区域经济布局和国土空间支撑体系。

A strategic approach to coordinated regional development will guide major initiatives to strengthen coordination at the regional level, rationalize land use planning through functional zoning, and improve institutional support for an integrated regional economic structure conducive to coordinated development with a focus on quality improvement.

第三十章 优化国土空间开发保护格局

Chapter 30 Land Use Planning and Environmental Protection

立足资源环境承载能力,发挥各地区比较优势,促进各类要素合理流动和高效集聚,推动形成主体功能明显、优势互补、高质量发展的国土空间开发保护新格局。

Land use planning will be based on the carrying capacity of a particular environment in question, the comparative advantages of various regions, and the need for environmental protection, in a way that promotes rational flows and efficient concentration of production factors, conducive to creating synergy by leveraging complementary strengths while enhancing distinctive main functions of each area. The goal of land use planning is to promote development with quality improvement top of mind.

第一节 完善和落实主体功能区制度

I. Functional zoning

顺应空间结构变化趋势,优化重大基础设施、重大生产力和公共资源布局,分类提高城市化地区发展水平,推动农业生产向粮食生产功能区、重要农产品生产保护区和特色农产品优势区集聚,优化生态安全屏障体系,逐步形成城市化地区、农产品主产区、生态功能区三大空间格局。细化主体功能区划分,按照主体功能定位划分政策单元,对重点开发地区、生态脆弱地区、能源资源富集地区等制定差异化政策,分类精准施策。加强空间发展统筹协调,保障国家重大发展战略落地实施。

In line with the changing trend of the spatial structure, we will optimize the layout of major infrastructure, major productive forces, and public resources, improve the development of urbanized areas by category, promote the agglomeration of agricultural production to functional zones for grain production, protected areas for the production of major agricultural products, and advantageous areas of featured agricultural products, and optimize the system of defense for ecological security, to gradually form a spatial pattern consisting of three major areas—urbanized zones, main agricultural production zones, and ecosystem service zones. We will classify policies into units according to different functional orientations, and introduce differentiated policies for key development areas, ecologically fragile areas, and areas rich in energy resources, so as to adopt targeted policies for different areas. We will strengthen the overall planning and coordination of space development and ensure the implementation of national major development strategies.

第二节 开拓高质量发展的重要动力源

II. Key drivers of quality-oriented development

以中心城市和城市群等经济发展优势区域为重点,增强经济和人口承载能力,带动全国经济效率整体提升。以京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区为重点,提升创新策源能力和全球资源配置能力,加快打造引领高质量发展的第一梯队。在中西部有条件的地区,以中心城市为引领,提升城市群功能,加快工业化城镇化进程,形成高质量发展的重要区域。破除资源流动障碍,优化行政区划设置,提高中心城市综合承载能力和资源优化配置能力,强化对区域发展的辐射带动作用。

Focusing on areas that possess economic development advantages, such as central cities and city clusters, we will enhance the economic and population carrying capacity and drive the overall improvement of national economic efficiency. With the focus laid on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, we will enhance the capacity of driving innovation and allocating resources at a global level, and move faster to build the top echelon to lead high-quality development. In the central and western regions, where conditions permit, we will improve the functions of city clusters, accelerate industrialization and urbanization, and build key areas for high-quality development, with the central cities as the driving force. We will remove the obstacles of resource flow, improve administrative divisions, and enhance the comprehensive carrying capacity and the ability of optimal resource allocation of central cities so as to give better play to their roles in driving regional development.

第三节 提升重要功能性区域的保障能力

III. Key functional zones: capacity upgrading

以农产品主产区、重点生态功能区、能源资源富集地区和边境地区等承担战略功能的区域为支撑,切实维护国家粮食安全、生态安全、能源安全和边疆安全,与动力源地区共同打造高质量发展的动力系统。支持农产品主产区增强农业生产能力,支持生态功能区把发展重点放到保护生态环境、提供生态产品上,支持生态功能区人口逐步有序向城市化地区转移并定居落户。优化能源开发布局和运输格局,加强能源资源综合开发利用基地建设,提升国内能源供给保障水平。增强边疆地区发展能力,强化人口和经济支撑,促进民族团结和边疆稳定。健全公共资源配置机制,对重点生态功能区、农产品主产区、边境地区等提供有效转移支付。

Supported by zones that are undertaking strategic functions, such as the main agricultural production zones, key ecosystem service zones, areas rich in energy resources, and border areas, we will safeguard the national food security, ecological security, energy security, and border security, and work together with areas with impetus for growth to build a power engine driving high-quality development. We will support main agricultural production zones to enhance their agricultural production capacity, eco-functional zones to lay their focus on protecting the ecological environment and providing ecological products, and the population in the eco-functional zones to relocate and settle in urbanized areas in a gradual and orderly manner. We will improve the energy development and transportation layout, strengthen the construction of bases for comprehensive development and utilization of energy resources, and improve domestic energy supply support. We will strengthen the development capacity of border areas, offer them more support in terms of population and economy, and promote national unity and border stability in these areas. We will improve the public resource allocation mechanism and provide effective transfer payments for key eco-functional zones, major agricultural production zones, and border areas.

第三十一章 深入实施区域重大战略

Chapter 31 Major Regional Development Strategies

聚焦实现战略目标和提升引领带动能力,推动区域重大战略取得新的突破性进展,促进区域间融合互动、融通补充。

Major regional development strategies focus on strategic objectives that are likely to have spillover effects and will spur action or drive growth in neighboring areas or in related fields. These strategies promote regional integration, interaction, connectivity, and complementarity.

第一节 加快推动京津冀协同发展

I. Coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

紧抓疏解北京非首都功能“牛鼻子”,构建功能疏解政策体系,实施一批标志性疏解项目。高标准高质量建设雄安新区,加快启动区和起步区建设,推动管理体制创新。高质量建设北京城市副中心,促进与河北省三河、香河、大厂三县市一体化发展。推动天津滨海新区高质量发展,支持张家口首都水源涵养功能区和生态环境支撑区建设。提高北京科技创新中心基础研究和原始创新能力,发挥中关村国家自主创新示范区先行先试作用,推动京津冀产业链与创新链深度融合。基本建成轨道上的京津冀,提高机场群港口群协同水平。深化大气污染联防联控联治,强化华北地下水超采及地面沉降综合治理。

We will prioritize relieving Beijing of functions that are non-essential to its role as the capital city, structure a corresponding policy system, and implement several landmark projects to relieve the city of such non-essential functions. We will ensure Xiong’an New Area is developed up to the highest standards, accelerate the construction of the Pilot Area and the Initial Development Zone, and promote innovation of the management system. We will ensure high-quality development of Beijing Municipality’s administrative center in Tongzhou and promote integrated development of Tongzhou with Sanhe, Xianghe, and Dachang in Hebei Province. We will promote the high-quality development of Tianjin Binhai New Area and support the development in Zhangjiakou of the water conservation functional zone and the ecological buffer zone for the capital. We will improve the basic research and original innovation capacity of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Center, give full play to the role of Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone in piloting and testing new initiatives, and promote the in-depth integration of the industrial chain and innovation chain in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. We will ensure the basic completion of the highly connected rail transit in the region and improve the coordination among airport and port clusters. We will enhance the joint efforts for prevention, control, and treatment of air pollution, and strengthen the comprehensive treatment of groundwater overexploitation and land subsidence in North China.

第二节 全面推动长江经济带发展

II. The Yangtze River Economic Belt

坚持生态优先、绿色发展和共抓大保护、不搞大开发,协同推动生态环境保护和经济发展,打造人与自然和谐共生的美丽中国样板。持续推进生态环境突出问题整改,推动长江全流域按单元精细化分区管控,实施城镇污水垃圾处理、工业污染治理、农业面源污染治理、船舶污染治理、尾矿库污染治理等工程。深入开展绿色发展示范,推进赤水河流域生态环境保护。实施长江十年禁渔。围绕建设长江大动脉,整体设计综合交通运输体系,疏解三峡枢纽瓶颈制约,加快沿江高铁和货运铁路建设。发挥产业协同联动整体优势,构建绿色产业体系。保护好长江文物和文化遗产。

We will consistently prioritize ecological conservation, boost green development, ensure well-coordinated environmental protection, prevent overdevelopment, and adopt a holistic approach to pursue both ecological and environmental protection and economic development, to create a model of Beautiful China where humanity and nature harmoniously co-exist. We will continue to promote the rectification of prominent problems in the ecological environment, promote meticulous region-specific management and control of the Yangtze River Basin and implement projects for urban sewage and garbage treatment, industrial pollution control, agricultural non-point source pollution control, ship pollution control, tailing pond pollution control, etc. We will carry out demonstrative projects for green development and promote ecological conservation and environmental protection in Chishui River Basin. We will enforce a 10-year fishing ban in the waters of the Yangtze River. Focusing on the construction of the Yangtze River artery, we will design a comprehensive transportation system to ease the bottleneck of the Three Gorges Project and accelerate the construction of high-speed railway and freight railway along the Yangtze River. We will give full play to the overall advantages of industrial coordination and connectivity to build a green industrial system, and make every effort to protect the cultural relics and heritage of the Yangtze River.

第三节 积极稳妥推进粤港澳大湾区建设

III. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

加强粤港澳产学研协同发展,完善广深港、广珠澳科技创新走廊和深港河套、粤澳横琴科技创新极点“两廊两点”架构体系,推进综合性国家科学中心建设,便利创新要素跨境流动。加快城际铁路建设,统筹港口和机场功能布局,优化航运和航空资源配置。深化通关模式改革,促进人员、货物、车辆便捷高效流动。扩大内地与港澳专业资格互认范围,深入推进重点领域规则衔接、机制对接。便利港澳青年到大湾区内地城市就学就业创业,打造粤港澳青少年交流精品品牌。

We will strengthen collaborative development among enterprises, universities, and research institutions in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao, improve the framework system consisting of “two corridors” (Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong and Guangzhou-Zhuhai-Macao) and “two pivots” (Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone in Hetao and Guangdong-Macao Cooperation Area in Hengqin) for science and technology innovation, to promote the development of comprehensive national science centers and facilitate the cross-border flow of innovation factors. We will accelerate the construction of intercity railways, coordinate the functional layout of ports and airports, and optimize the allocation of shipping and aviation resources. We will deepen the reform of customs clearance models, and promote the convenient and efficient flow of personnel, goods, and vehicles. We will expand the scope of professional qualifications of mutual recognition between the Mainland and Hong Kong and Macao, and further promote the convergence of rules and mechanisms in key areas. We will facilitate the youth from Hong Kong and Macao to study, work, and start business in Mainland cities of the Greater Bay Area (GBA), and create top-notch youth exchange brands among Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao.

第四节 提升长三角一体化发展水平

IV. Integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta

瞄准国际先进科创能力和产业体系,加快建设长三角G60科创走廊和沿沪宁产业创新带,提高长三角地区配置全球资源能力和辐射带动全国发展能力。加快基础设施互联互通,实现长三角地级及以上城市高铁全覆盖,推进港口群一体化治理。打造虹桥国际开放枢纽,强化上海自贸试验区临港新片区开放型经济集聚功能,深化沪苏浙皖自贸试验区联动发展。加快公共服务便利共享,优化优质教育和医疗卫生资源布局。推进生态环境共保联治,高水平建设长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区。

With the aim to build internationally advanced scientific and technological innovation capacity and an industrial system, we will accelerate the development of the G60 Science and Technology Innovation Corridor and the industrial innovation belt along Shanghai and Nanjing in the Yangtze River Delta, to improve the Yangtze River Delta’s capacity of allocating global resources and driving national development. We will accelerate infrastructure interconnection, achieve full coverage of high-speed rail in the cities at the prefecture level and above in the Yangtze River Delta and promote the integrated governance of port clusters. We will develop the Hongqiao International Airport as an opening hub, strengthen the role of Lingang New Area of the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ) in intensive development of an open economy, and deepen the joint development of the pilot FTZs in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui. We will accelerate the sharing of public services and optimize the distribution of high-quality education and healthcare resources. We will promote the joint protection and governance of the ecological environment and build a high-level demonstration zone for integrated ecological and green development in the Yangtze River Delta.

第五节 扎实推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展

V. Ecological protection and quality-oriented development in the Yellow River Basin

加大上游重点生态系统保护和修复力度,筑牢三江源“中华水塔”,提升甘南、若尔盖等区域水源涵养能力。创新中游黄土高原水土流失治理模式,积极开展小流域综合治理、旱作梯田和淤地坝建设。推动下游二级悬河治理和滩区综合治理,加强黄河三角洲湿地保护和修复。开展汾渭平原、河套灌区等农业面源污染治理,清理整顿黄河岸线内工业企业,加强沿黄河城镇污水处理设施及配套管网建设。实施深度节水控水行动,降低水资源开发利用强度。合理控制煤炭开发强度,推进能源资源一体化开发利用,加强矿山生态修复。优化中心城市和城市群发展格局,统筹沿黄河县城和乡村建设。实施黄河文化遗产系统保护工程,打造具有国际影响力的黄河文化旅游带。建设黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展先行区。

We will intensify the protection and restoration of key ecosystems in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, take appropriate steps to protect Sanjiangyuan (Source of Yangtze, Yellow, and Lancang rivers) as “China’s Water Tower”, and enhance the water conservation capacity of Gannan, Ruoergai (Zoige), and other areas. We will seek new methods for addressing soil erosion in the middle reaches of the river in the Loess Plateau, and actively carry out comprehensive management of small watersheds, and construction of dry land terraces and silt dams. In the lower reaches, we will advance efforts to comprehensively address secondary suspended rivers and floodplains, and strengthen the protection and restoration of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta. We will tackle agricultural pollution from non-point sources in the Fen-Wei Plains and Hetao Irrigation Area, check up and rectify industrial enterprises along the Yellow River shoreline, and strengthen the construction of urban sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipe networks along the Yellow River. We will implement intensive water conservation and control initiatives to reduce the intensity of water resource development and utilization, rationally control the intensity of coal development, and promote integrated development and utilization of energy resources and the ecological restoration of mines. We will improve the development pattern of central cities and city clusters, and coordinate the development of counties and villages along the Yellow River. We will also implement systematic conservation projects related to the Yellow River cultural heritage, create an internationally influential Yellow River cultural tourism belt, and build a pilot area for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.

第三十二章 深入实施区域协调发展战略

Chapter 32 Coordinated Regional Development Strategies

深入推进西部大开发、东北全面振兴、中部地区崛起、东部率先发展,支持特殊类型地区加快发展,在发展中促进相对平衡。

The focus of coordinated regional development is on relative balance and coordination. Development efforts in the western region will be in full swing. Revitalization of the northeast remains an ongoing process. The central region is expected to witness a new takeoff. The eastern region will lead the charge. Development support will be provided to areas with special features.

第一节 推进西部大开发形成新格局

I. A new stage of development in the western region

强化举措推进西部大开发,切实提高政策精准性和有效性。深入实施一批重大生态工程,开展重点区域综合治理。积极融入“一带一路”建设,强化开放大通道建设,构建内陆多层次开放平台。加大西部地区基础设施投入,支持发展特色优势产业,集中力量巩固脱贫攻坚成果,补齐教育、医疗卫生等民生领域短板。推进成渝地区双城经济圈建设,打造具有全国影响力的重要经济中心、科技创新中心、改革开放新高地、高品质生活宜居地,提升关中平原城市群建设水平,促进西北地区与西南地区合作互动。支持新疆建设国家“三基地一通道”,支持西藏打造面向南亚开放的重要通道。促进400毫米降水线西侧区域保护发展。

We will intensify efforts and implement more targeted and effective policies to promote large-scale development in the western region. We will implement several major ecological projects in key areas, actively integrate the regional development into the pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative, strengthen the development of the large opening-up corridors, and build multi-level platforms for opening up interior areas. We will increase investment in infrastructure construction in the western region, support the development of competitive industries that take advantage of local strengths, pool efforts to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation, and shore up the weaknesses in the fields of education, health care, and people’s livelihood. We will promote the development of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and make it an economic center, a center for science and technology innovation, a new highland of reform and opening-up, and a livable place for high-quality life of national influence. We will upgrade the city clusters in the Central Shaanxi Plain to promote cooperation and interaction between the northwest and southwest regions. We will support Xinjiang in building “three bases and one corridor” (national bases for large-scale oil and gas production and storage, for coal production, thermal power generation and coal chemical industry, and for wind power generation, as well as the national energy and resources corridor) and we will support Tibet in building an important corridor that opens to South Asia. We will promote the protection and development of the areas west of the 400 mm precipitation line.

第二节 推动东北振兴取得新突破

II. Revitalization of northeast China

从维护国家国防、粮食、生态、能源、产业安全的战略高度,加强政策统筹,实现重点突破。加快转变政府职能,深化国有企业改革攻坚,着力优化营商环境,大力发展民营经济。打造辽宁沿海经济带,建设长吉图开发开放先导区,提升哈尔滨对俄合作开放能级。加快发展现代农业,打造保障国家粮食安全的“压舱石”。加大生态资源保护力度,筑牢祖国北疆生态安全屏障。改造提升装备制造等传统优势产业,培育发展新兴产业,大力发展寒地冰雪、生态旅游等特色产业,打造具有国际影响力的冰雪旅游带,形成新的均衡发展产业结构和竞争优势。实施更具吸引力的人才集聚措施。深化与东部地区对口合作。

From the strategic perspective of safeguarding national defense, food, ecology, energy, and industrial security, we will strengthen efforts to coordinate policies to achieve breakthroughs in prioritized areas. We will quicken our pace in shifting government functions, deepen reform of state-owned enterprises, step up efforts to improve the business environment, and vigorously develop the private economy. We will build Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt and Changchun-Jilin-Tumen Development and Opening-up Pilot Zone and improve Harbin’s cooperation with and opening-up to Russia. We will accelerate the development of modern agriculture and make it a “ballast” to ensure national food security. We will intensify the protection of ecological resources and build a strong ecological security shield in northern China. We will transform and upgrade traditionally competitive industries such as equipment manufacturing, foster and develop emerging industries, vigorously develop characteristic industries including ice and snow and eco-tourism in cold regions, and build an internationally influential ice and snow tourism belt, so as to develop a new industrial structure for balanced development and competitive advantages. We will implement measures more attractive to talents, and deepen paired cooperation with the eastern region.

第三节 开创中部地区崛起新局面

III. The rise of the central region

着力打造重要先进制造业基地、提高关键领域自主创新能力、建设内陆地区开放高地、巩固生态绿色发展格局,推动中部地区加快崛起。做大做强先进制造业,在长江、京广、陇海、京九等沿线建设一批中高端产业集群,积极承接新兴产业布局和转移。推动长江中游城市群协同发展,加快武汉、长株潭都市圈建设,打造全国重要增长极。夯实粮食生产基础,不断提高农业综合效益和竞争力,加快发展现代农业。加强生态环境共保联治,着力构筑生态安全屏障。支持淮河、汉江生态经济带上下游合作联动发展。加快对外开放通道建设,高标准高水平建设内陆地区开放平台。提升公共服务保障特别是应对公共卫生等重大突发事件能力。

We will step up efforts to build important and advanced manufacturing bases, improve the ability of independent innovation in key areas, build a highland for opening-up of interior areas, consolidate the ecological and green development model, and promote the rapid growth of central China. We will strive for bigger and stronger advanced manufacturing, build mid-to-high-end industrial clusters along the Yangtze River and along the Beijing-Guangzhou, Lanzhou-Lianyungang, and Beijing-Kowloon railway lines, and actively undertake the deployment and transfer of emerging industries. We will promote the coordinated development of city clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, accelerate the development of Wuhan and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan areas, and make them important growth poles in China. We will build up the foundation for grain production, keep up efforts to improve the comprehensive benefits and competitiveness of agriculture, and accelerate the development of modern agriculture. We will enhance joint protection and governance of the ecosystem and environment and strive to build protective barriers for eco-security. We will support the inter-connected development of the upper and lower reaches of the Huaihe River and Hanjiang River ecological economic belts, accelerate the construction of corridors for opening-up, and build high-level platforms for opening up interior areas. We will improve public service support, and especially the ability to respond to public health and other major emergencies.

第四节 鼓励东部地区加快推进现代化

IV. Accelerated pace of modernization in the eastern region

发挥创新要素集聚优势,加快在创新引领上实现突破,推动东部地区率先实现高质量发展。加快培育世界级先进制造业集群,引领新兴产业和现代服务业发展,提升要素产出效率,率先实现产业升级。更高层次参与国际经济合作和竞争,打造对外开放新优势,率先建立全方位开放型经济体系。支持深圳建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区、浦东打造社会主义现代化建设引领区、浙江高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区。深入推进山东新旧动能转换综合试验区建设。

We will give full play to the advantages of the eastern region in bringing together innovative factors, help the region to make faster breakthroughs in innovation, and push the region to take the lead in achieving high-quality development. We will move faster to foster world-class advanced manufacturing clusters, spearhead the development of emerging industries and modern service sectors, improve the output efficiency of production factors, and take the lead in upgrading industries. We will ensure the region can participate in international economic cooperation and competition at a higher level, create new advantages in opening-up, and take the lead in establishing a system for an all-round open economy. We will support Shenzhen to build a leading demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Pudong to build a leading zone of socialist modernization, and Zhejiang to build a demonstration zone of common prosperity and high-quality development. We will further promote the development of the comprehensive pilot zone to replace the old growth drivers in Shandong Province.

第五节 支持特殊类型地区发展

V. Support for development in areas with special features

统筹推进革命老区振兴,因地制宜发展特色产业,传承弘扬红色文化,支持赣闽粤原中央苏区高质量发展示范,推进陕甘宁、大别山、左右江、川陕、沂蒙等革命老区绿色创新发展。推进生态退化地区综合治理和生态脆弱地区保护修复,支持毕节试验区建设。推动资源型地区可持续发展示范区和转型创新试验区建设,实施采煤沉陷区综合治理和独立工矿区改造提升工程。推进老工业基地制造业竞争优势重构,建设产业转型升级示范区。改善国有林场林区基础设施。多措并举解决高海拔地区群众生产生活困难。推进兴边富民、稳边固边,大力改善边境地区生产生活条件,完善沿边城镇体系,支持边境口岸建设,加快抵边村镇和抵边通道建设。推动边境贸易创新发展。加大对重点边境地区发展精准支持力度。

We will coordinate and promote the revitalization of the old revolutionary base areas, develop characteristic industries according to local conditions, inherit and carry forward the “red” culture, support the demonstration of high-quality development in the former Central Soviet Area of Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong, and promote the green innovation and development of the old revolutionary base areas of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Dabie Mountains, Zuoyoujiang, Sichuan-Shaanxi, Yimeng, etc. We will comprehensively address ecologically degraded areas, protect and restore ecologically fragile areas, and support the development of the Bijie pilot area. We will promote the development of demonstration areas for sustainable development and pilot zones for transformation and innovation in resource-based areas, comprehensively address subsidence in coal mining areas, and implement projects to upgrade independent industrial and mining areas. We will reshape the competitive advantages of manufacturing in the old industrial bases and build demonstration areas for industrial transformation and upgrade. We will improve the infrastructure of state-owned forest farms and forest regions and implement multiple measures to solve production and living difficulties faced by the people living in high altitude areas. We will vigorously boost development in border areas, improve the living standards and maintain stability and security in the region; to this end, we will improve the conditions for production and living in border areas and the urban system along the borders, support the construction of border ports, and accelerate the construction of villages and towns on the border and roads leading to border areas. We will promote innovative development of the border trade and increase targeted support for the development of key border areas.

第六节 健全区域协调发展体制机制

VI. Coordinated regional development

建立健全区域战略统筹、市场一体化发展、区域合作互助、区际利益补偿等机制,更好促进发达地区和欠发达地区、东中西部和东北地区共同发展。提升区域合作层次和水平,支持省际交界地区探索建立统一规划、统一管理、合作共建、利益共享的合作新机制。完善财政转移支付支持欠发达地区的机制,逐步实现基本公共服务均等化,引导人才向西部和艰苦边远地区流动。完善区域合作与利益调节机制,支持流域上下游、粮食主产区主销区、资源输出地输入地之间开展多种形式的利益补偿,鼓励探索共建园区、飞地经济等利益共享模式。聚焦铸牢中华民族共同体意识,加大对民族地区发展支持力度,全面深入持久开展民族团结进步宣传教育和创建,促进各民族交往交流交融。

We will establish and improve mechanisms for regional strategic planning, market-based integrated development, regional cooperation and mutual assistance, and interregional interest compensation, to better boost the common growth of developed and underdeveloped regions, eastern, central, and western regions, and the northeast of the country. We will raise the level and standards of regional cooperation, and support the provincial border areas to establish new cooperation mechanisms characterized by unified planning and management, co-construction, and benefit sharing. We will improve the mechanism of financial transfer payments to support underdeveloped areas, gradually realize equal access to basic public services, and guide talent flow to the western regions and the border and remote areas facing hardships. We will improve the regional cooperation and benefit adjustment mechanism, support various forms of benefit compensation between the upper and lower reaches of the river basins, the main grain producing and marketing areas, and the resource exporting and importing areas, and encourage the exploration of benefit sharing models via co-construction parks and enclave economy. We will foster a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, increase support for the development of areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, and carry out comprehensive, in-depth, and sustained publicity and education on ethnic unity and progress, to promote exchanges and interaction among all ethnic groups.

第三十三章 积极拓展海洋经济发展空间

Chapter 33 Development of the Marine Economy

坚持陆海统筹、人海和谐、合作共赢,协同推进海洋生态保护、海洋经济发展和海洋权益维护,加快建设海洋强国。

Coordinated development is the key. Coordination is required for activities on land and at sea to protect the health and integrity of marine ecosystems and the harmony between people and the sea while developing the marine economy. International cooperation is important in the search for win-win solutions. We will not falter in our efforts to protect our maritime rights and interests, and to build China into a strong maritime country.

第一节 建设现代海洋产业体系

I. Development of marine industries

围绕海洋工程、海洋资源、海洋环境等领域突破一批关键核心技术。培育壮大海洋工程装备、海洋生物医药产业,推进海水淡化和海洋能规模化利用,提高海洋文化旅游开发水平。优化近海绿色养殖布局,建设海洋牧场,发展可持续远洋渔业。建设一批高质量海洋经济发展示范区和特色化海洋产业集群,全面提高北部、东部、南部三大海洋经济圈发展水平。以沿海经济带为支撑,深化与周边国家涉海合作。

We will make several breakthroughs in core technologies related to marine engineering, marine resources, and marine environment. We will foster and expand marine engineering equipment and marine biomedical industry, promote seawater desalination and large-scale utilization of marine energy, and enhance the development of marine cultural tourism. We will optimize the distribution of green aquaculture in coastal areas, build marine pastures, and develop sustainable pelagic fisheries. We will build several demonstration zones for high-quality development of marine economy and characteristic marine industrial clusters, and comprehensively boost the development of the three major marine economic circles in the north, east, and south. We will deepen sea-related cooperation with neighboring countries based on coastal economic belts.

第二节 打造可持续海洋生态环境

II. Sustainability of marine ecosystems and habitats

探索建立沿海、流域、海域协同一体的综合治理体系。严格围填海管控,加强海岸带综合管理与滨海湿地保护。拓展入海污染物排放总量控制范围,保障入海河流断面水质。加快推进重点海域综合治理,构建流域-河口-近岸海域污染防治联动机制,推进美丽海湾保护与建设。防范海上溢油、危险化学品泄露等重大环境风险,提升应对海洋自然灾害和突发环境事件能力。完善海岸线保护、海域和无居民海岛有偿使用制度,探索海岸建筑退缩线制度和海洋生态环境损害赔偿制度,自然岸线保有率不低于35%。

We will explore the establishment of a coordinated system for comprehensive management that covers coastal areas, river basins, and sea areas. We will impose stricter management and control on sea reclamation, and step up comprehensive management of coastal zones and coastal wetland protection. We will expand the control range of total discharge volume of pollutants into the sea to ensure good water quality of the sections of the rivers flowing into the sea. We will accelerate comprehensive treatment of key sea areas, build a mechanism for coordinated pollution prevention and control of river basins, estuaries, and coastal waters, and promote the protection and construction of beautiful bays. We will guard against major environmental risks such as oil spills and hazardous chemical leakage and improve our ability to cope with maritime natural disasters and environmental emergencies. We will improve the systems for coastline protection and paid use of sea areas and uninhabited islands, and explore the regulation of the retraction line of coastal buildings and compensation for damages to marine ecosystem and environment, to ensure the natural coastline retention rate is no less than 35%.

第三节 深度参与全球海洋治理

III. Participation in global marine governance

积极发展蓝色伙伴关系,深度参与国际海洋治理机制和相关规则制定与实施,推动建设公正合理的国际海洋秩序,推动构建海洋命运共同体。深化与沿海国家在海洋环境监测和保护、科学研究和海上搜救等领域务实合作,加强深海战略性资源和生物多样性调查评价。参与北极务实合作,建设“冰上丝绸之路”。提高参与南极保护和利用能力。加强形势研判、风险防范和法理斗争,加强海事司法建设,坚决维护国家海洋权益。有序推进海洋基本法立法。

We will actively develop the blue partnership, fully participate in the formulation and implementation of mechanisms and rules for international maritime governance, and promote the building of a just and equitable international maritime order and development of a marine community with a shared future. We will increase practical cooperation with coastal countries in the fields of marine environmental monitoring and protection, scientific research and maritime search and rescue, and intensify the investigation and evaluation of deep-sea strategic resources and biodiversity. We will join in practical cooperation in the Arctic and build the “Silk Road on Ice”. We will enhance our ability to participate in the Antarctic conservation and utilization. We will step up efforts to study and evaluate situations, prevent risks, and handle legal issues, and strengthen maritime judicial system building, to resolutely safeguard China’s maritime rights and interests and promote the formulation of the basic marine law in an orderly manner.