寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

女士们、先生们，大家上午好！今天国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会，发布《新时代党的治藏方略的实践及其历史性成就》白皮书，请中央宣传部副部长王纲先生发布并解读白皮书有关内容。今天我们还邀请到西藏自治区党委副书记、自治区主席严金海先生，西藏自治区党委常委、宣传部部长汪海洲先生，西藏自治区副主席徐志涛先生出席发布会，介绍有关情况并回答问题。

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Today, the State Council Information Office (SCIO) has organized this press conference to release a white paper titled "CPC Policies on the Governance of Xizang in the New Era: Approach and Achievements." We have invited Mr. Wang Gang, deputy director of the Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to release and interpret the white paper. Also present today are Mr. Yan Jinhai, deputy secretary of the CPC Xizang Autonomous Regional Committee and chairman of the People's Government of the Xizang Autonomous Region; Mr. Wang Haizhou, a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Xizang Autonomous Regional Committee and director general of the Publicity Department of the CPC Xizang Autonomous Regional Committee; and Mr. Xu Zhitao, vice chairman of the People's Government of the Xizang Autonomous Region. They will brief you on the white paper and take your questions.

首先，我们请王纲先生发布白皮书。

First, I'll give the floor to Mr. Wang to release the white paper.

王纲:

Wang Gang:

女士们、先生们，记者朋友们，大家上午好！西藏是中国的边疆民族地区，党中央历来高度重视西藏工作，亲切关怀西藏各族人民。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央着眼于西藏的长治久安和繁荣发展，先后召开中央第六次和第七次西藏工作座谈会，对做好新时代西藏工作作出全面部署，为推进西藏长治久安和高质量发展、实现西藏各族人民对美好生活的向往、建设社会主义现代化新西藏指明了方向。西藏解决了许多长期想解决而没有解决的难题，办成了许多过去想办而没有办成的大事，各项事业取得全方位进步、历史性成就，与全国人民一道实现了全面小康，进入了实现长治久安和推进高质量发展新的重要阶段。

Ladies and gentlemen, friends from the media, good morning. Xizang is a border area mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities. The CPC Central Committee has attached great importance to the development of Xizang and focused its attention on the people in the region. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed significant emphasis on ensuring the long-term stability, prosperity, and development of Xizang. The CPC Central Committee held the sixth and seventh national meetings on Xizang in 2015 and 2020, respectively, offering comprehensive guidance for the work in Xizang in the new era. These meetings have outlined a clear direction for promoting enduring stability, fostering high-quality development, meeting the people's aspirations for a better life, and realizing socialist modernization in the region. Xizang has successfully addressed numerous long-standing challenges, and reached significant milestones that were previously unattainable. It has witnessed comprehensive progress and historic accomplishments across various sectors, and ensured and realized moderate prosperity together with the rest of the country, marking a new crucial phase in achieving long-term stability and driving high-quality development.

中央第七次西藏工作座谈会，深刻总结党领导人民治藏稳藏兴藏的成功经验，明确提出“十个必须”的新时代党的治藏方略。今天，中国国务院新闻办公室发布《新时代党的治藏方略的实践及其历史性成就》白皮书。

The seventh National Meeting on Xizang included a comprehensive review of the Party's successful experience in governing Xizang and ensuring its stability. It clearly outlined 10 guidelines on the governance of Xizang in the new era. Today, the State Council Information Office (SCIO) is releasing the white paper "CPC Policies on the Governance of Xizang in the New Era: Approach and Achievements."

白皮书以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实习近平总书记在中央第七次西藏工作座谈会、赴西藏考察时的重要讲话精神，围绕“十个必须”，重点介绍西藏进入新时代，在政治、经济、文化、民族、宗教、社会和生态文明各领域取得的发展进步。通过真实的案例和详实的数据，充分展示西藏脱贫攻坚全面胜利，小康社会全面建成，社会大局更加稳定、经济文化更加繁荣、生态环境更加良好、人民生活更加幸福，党的宗教政策全面贯彻，反分裂斗争持续深入，藏传佛教与社会主义社会相适应持续推进，中华民族共同体意识不断增强，团结富裕文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化新西藏正在奋进新征程的生动图景。新时代西藏的发展与进步，充分证明了新时代党的治藏方略是完全正确的。

Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the white paper fully implements the guiding principles of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches at the seventh National Meeting on Xizang and during his visit to Xizang. With a focus on the 10 guidelines for governing Xizang in the new era, the white paper extensively covers Xizang's advancements in various aspects, including politics, economy, culture, ethnicity, religion, society, and environment. Through concrete examples and detailed data, the white paper thoroughly illustrates Xizang's remarkable achievements in eradicating poverty, realizing moderate prosperity, enhancing social stability, fostering economic and cultural prosperity, improving the environment, and enhancing the quality of life for its people. The white paper also demonstrates the implementation of the Party's policies on religion, the ongoing fight against secessionism, the continued progress in guiding Tibetan Buddhism in adapting to socialist society, and the people's growing sense of national identity. It vividly portrays the remarkable journey of striving toward a united, prosperous, civilized, harmonious, beautiful, and modernized socialist Xizang. The progress made in Xizang serves as compelling evidence that the CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era are absolutely correct.

白皮书分前言、正文、结束语三个部分。其中，正文包括“新发展理念全面贯彻、精神文明建设成效明显、民族宗教工作扎实推进、社会大局持续安定向好、生态安全屏障日益坚实、民主法治建设不断加强”六个方面。

The white paper is structured into three sections: the foreword, the main body, and the conclusion. The main body, the text encompasses six key aspects, namely full implementation of the new development philosophy, notable achievements in cultural and ethical development, solid progress in ethnic and religious undertakings, sustained and stable social development, stronger eco-environmental security barrier, and strengthening democracy and the rule of law.

第一，新发展理念全面贯彻。新时代党的治藏方略坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，把保障和改善民生、凝聚人心作为西藏经济社会发展的出发点和落脚点，推动经济社会全面快速发展，促进援藏建设持续发力。2022年西藏地区生产总值达到2133.64亿元，按不变价格计算，比2012年增长1.28倍。西藏基础设施建设得以全面加强，绝对贫困得到历史性解决，共同富裕程度显著提升，各族人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感得到极大保障。藏戏传承人尼玛次仁说：“旧社会，我们跳藏戏是为了让农奴主高兴，而今天，是为了展现我们自己的美好生活。”

First, full implementation of the new development philosophy. In practicing the CPC guidelines on the governance of Xizang in the new era, we adhere to a people-centered approach to development and fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts. We focus on improving people's lives and strengthening unity in promoting comprehensive and rapid economic and social progress. Consistent support has been extended to facilitate the development of Xizang. In 2022, Xizang's GDP reached 213.364 billion yuan, an increase by a factor of 2.28 compared with that in 2012 at constant prices. Xizang has witnessed significant enhancements in infrastructure construction, a historic eradication of absolute poverty, and notable advancements in common prosperity. These improvements have ensured that people of all ethnic groups in Xizang have greater senses of gain, fulfillment, and security. Nyima Tsering, a leading performer of Tibetan Opera, said, "In the old days, we performed Tibetan Opera to please the serf owners. Today, we do it to showcase the better life we are living now."

第二，精神文明建设成效显著。新时代党的治藏方略提出要以社会主义核心价值观为引领，大力弘扬中华优秀传统文化，繁荣发展社会主义先进文化，不断推动各民族文化传承保护和创新发展。西藏历史文化遗产有效保护，藏医药、藏文古籍传承发展，藏语言文字学习使用依法保障。2013年，国家组织实施《中华大典•藏文卷》重点文化工程，用15年时间，出版从吐蕃时期到西藏和平解放前的藏文文献典籍，成为我国保护和弘扬藏族优秀传统文化的重大标志性工程。同时，西藏公共文化事业欣欣向荣，文化产业蓬勃发展，各族人民群众精神文化生活多姿多彩。

Second, notable achievements in cultural and ethical development. The CPC guidelines on the governance of Xizang in the new era advocate being guided by core socialist values, actively promoting China's fine traditional culture, fostering the growth and development of an advanced socialist culture, and continuously encouraging the preservation and innovative development of ethnic cultures. Xizang has effectively safeguarded its historical and cultural heritages, ensuring the protection and development of Tibetan medicine and the proper preservation of Tibetan classics. The study and use of the Tibetan language and script are guaranteed by law. In 2013, the country launched a priority cultural project – "Library of Chinese Classics: Tibetan Volume." According to the plan, the project would take 15 years to collect and publish important Tibetan classical works from the period between the Tubo Kingdom (618-842) and the peaceful liberation of Xizang in 1951. This is a landmark project in protecting and promoting traditional Tibetan culture. Furthermore, Xizang's public cultural endeavors are thriving, with a flourishing cultural industry and a vibrant and diverse spiritual and cultural life enjoyed by people of all ethnic groups.

第三，民族宗教工作扎实推进。新时代党的治藏方略要求必须坚持我国宗教中国化方向，积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应，不断促进各民族交往交流交融，要求所有发展都要赋予民族团结进步的意义，都要赋予维护统一、反对分裂的意义。在新时代党的治藏方略正确引领下，西藏宗教信仰自由政策得到全面贯彻落实，依法管理宗教事务制度机制进一步健全，“五个认同”不断增进，民族团结进步持续巩固，中华民族共同体意识不断铸牢。西藏先后有140个集体、189名个人受到国务院表彰，荣获全国民族团结进步模范集体（个人）称号。

Third, solid progress in ethnic and religious undertakings. The CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era uphold the principle that religions in China must be Chinese in orientation. The guidelines actively provide guidance to religions so that they can adapt to the socialist society, and promote interactions, exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups. The guidelines require that the region's development serves to benefit ethnic unity and progress and to safeguard national unity and oppose separatism. Under the sound guidance of the CPC guidelines for governing Xizang in the new era, the region has fully guaranteed the freedom of religious beliefs, further enhanced the systems and mechanisms for law-based management of religious affairs, and deepened the "five identifications" (identifying with the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Communist Party of China, and socialism with Chinese characteristics). These guidelines have consistently fortified ethnic unity and progress, and strengthened the sense of Chinese identity. At the national level, 140 groups and 189 individuals in Xizang were honored by the State Council as models of ethnic solidarity and progress.

第四，社会大局持续安定向好。新时代党的治藏方略提出要准确把握西藏工作阶段性特征，统筹发展和安全，提高社会治理水平，确保国家安全、社会稳定、人民幸福，走出一条符合西藏实际的高质量发展之路。当前，西藏社会治理能力和现代化水平显著提高，现代教育体系、住房保障体系、公共卫生服务体系、普惠性社会保障体系全面建立，“平安西藏”建设成效显著，群众对党和政府满意度支持度持续提升。拉萨市7次登上中国最具幸福感城市榜单，西藏各族群众安全感满意度指数连续多年保持在99%以上。

Fourth, sustained and stable social development. The CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era have emphasized the importance of accurately understanding the present work in Xizang, coordinating development and security, strengthening social governance, and safeguarding national security, social stability, and the people's wellbeing. By following those policies, Xizang has embarked on a high-quality development path that aligns with its specific realities and circumstances. The social governance capacity and modernization level of Xizang have undergone significant improvements. Comprehensive systems, including a modern education system, a housing support system, a public health service system, and an inclusive social security system, have been effectively established throughout the region. Notable achievements have been made in building a safe Xizang. The public's satisfaction and support for the Party and the government continued to increase. Lhasa has made the list of the "Happiest Cities in China" seven times. The safety index of people of all ethnic groups in the region has stayed above 99% for years.

第五，生态安全屏障日益坚实。新时代党的治藏方略要求必须坚持生态保护第一，必须牢固树立绿水青山就是金山银山、冰天雪地也是金山银山的理念，必须处理好保护与发展的关系，坚定不移走生态优先、绿色发展之路，努力建设人与自然和谐共存的美丽西藏。经过不懈努力，西藏自然保护地体系建设进入新阶段，保护区数量和总面积大幅提升扩展，高原生物多样性渐次递增，生态环境治理体系更趋完善，人居环境状况持续向好，丰富的生态资源成为当地群众看得见守得住的“幸福不动产”，发展绿色低碳产业成为富民强边的致富路、幸福路、美丽路。2016年至2022年，西藏完成营造林832万亩，年均为群众提供生态保护岗位53.77万个。

Fifth, stronger eco-environmental security barrier. The CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era require the region to prioritize ecological conservation, and firm up the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and so are ice and snow. The policies also stress the importance of following a holistic approach to coordinating conservation and development, resolutely pursuing green and sustainable development, and striving to build a beautiful Xizang where human beings and nature coexist in harmony. Through consistent efforts, the construction of Xizang's nature reserve system has entered a new stage. The number and the total area of nature reserves have significantly increased; biodiversity on the plateau has gradually improved; the eco-environmental governance system has continued to optimize; and people's living environment has kept getting better. Xizang's rich eco-environmental resources are becoming the "real estate for a happy life" that the local people can see and keep. The development of the green and low-carbon industry has opened up a beautiful path toward prosperity and happiness, which enhances not only the quality of life for the people but also the border security. From 2016 to 2022, 8.32 million mu (554,666 hectares) of forests were planted in Xizang, and 537,700 eco-environmental conservation jobs were created on average each year.

第六，民主法治建设不断加强。新时代党的治藏方略要求做好西藏工作，必须坚持中国共产党领导，坚持中国特色社会主义制度，坚持民族区域自治制度，为西藏长治久安和繁荣发展提供根本保障。新时代的西藏，社会主义民主建设深入推进，民族区域自治制度全面实施，基层民主实践广泛真实生动，依法治藏工作取得重大进展，反腐败斗争深入开展，党对西藏工作的全面领导不断加强，各族人民享有当家作主的权利得到有效保障。

Sixth, strengthening democracy and the rule of law. The CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era emphasize that, to ensure the work on Xizang is carried out well, the CPC leadership, socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the system of regional ethnic autonomy must be upheld to provide the fundamental guarantee for Xizang's long-term stability, prosperity, and development. In the new era, Xizang has made continuous progress in advancing socialist democracy and fully implementing the system of regional ethnic autonomy. Democracy has been translated into extensive, pragmatic, and vivid actions at the grassroots; marked progress has been made in the governance of Xizang according to law; and anti-corruption efforts have been intensified. The CPC's overall leadership over Xizang has continued to strengthen, and the right of all people of all ethnic groups to be masters of the region and the country has been effectively ensured.

我就介绍到这里。谢谢！

That's all for my introduction. Thank you.

寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

谢谢王纲副部长的介绍。下面，我们请严金海先生作介绍。

Thank you, Mr. Wang. Next, let's give the floor to Mr. Yan Jinhai for his introduction.

严金海:

Yan Jinhai:

女士们、先生们，各位媒体朋友，大家上午好！非常高兴和大家在北京共同见证《新时代党的治藏方略的实践及其历史性成就》白皮书的发布，在此，我代表西藏自治区党委、自治区政府，代表全区360多万各族人民，向长期以来关心支持西藏发展的各界朋友表示衷心感谢！

Ladies and gentlemen, friends from the media, good morning. I'm very glad to be here with you to jointly witness the release of the white paper titled "CPC Policies on the Governance of Xizang in the New Era: Approach and Achievements." On behalf of the Party committee and government of the Xizang Autonomous Region, as well as the over 3.6 million people of various ethnic groups in the region, I would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to friends from all walks of life who have shown longstanding care and support for Xizang's development.

回望过去，成绩斐然，习近平总书记对西藏关怀备至、寄予厚望，曾先后三次视察西藏工作，两次主持召开西藏工作座谈会，亲自为西藏工作把舵领航、指引方向，确立了新时代党的治藏方略。党的十八大以来，我们牢记习近平总书记的殷殷嘱托，坚决扛起“稳定、发展、生态、强边”的光荣使命，将“四件大事”作为全局性定位、全方位要求、全过程引领，努力拼搏、开拓进取，各项事业取得全方位进步、历史性成就。具体有以下几个方面的表现：

Looking back, we have accomplished remarkable achievements. General Secretary Xi Jinping has shown the utmost support and placed high hopes on the Xizang Autonomous Region. He has made three inspection trips to Xizang and presided over two national meetings on Xizang. By doing so, he has steered the region in the right direction and outlined the CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, we have borne in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's expectations, and shouldered the responsibilities for maintaining stability, facilitating development, protecting the eco-environment and safeguarding the borders. These four main tasks define the role of the autonomous region in big-picture terms, putting forward comprehensive requirements and providing whole-process guidelines for us to work hard with an enterprising spirit and achieve all-round progress and historic success in various undertakings. To be specific, we have made achievements in the following aspects:  

一是新时代以来，西藏坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，呈现出安居乐业、幸福安康的新气象。62.8万建档立卡贫困人口全部脱贫、74个贫困县区全部摘帽，可以说我们历史性地消除了绝对贫困问题，这在条件异常艰苦的雪域高原实属难得。全体居民人均可支配收入增速连续8年位居全国首位。今年1-9月，我们农村居民人均可支配收入增速居全国第一位。在全国，我们西藏率先建立了从幼儿园、小学、初中到高中15年的公费教育体系，学校供暖实现了全覆盖。医疗卫生方面，基本实现“小病不出县、中病不出地市、大病不出自治区”，人均预期寿命提高到72.19岁，城乡居民医疗保险保障人口全覆盖，基本养老保险参保率保持在96%以上，各族群众的生活水平显著提升。

First, since the new era, Xizang has adhered to the people-centered development philosophy, presenting a new outlook for living a peaceful, prosperous, and happy life. All 628,000 registered impoverished people have been lifted out of poverty, and all 74 impoverished counties have shaken off poverty. It can be said that we have secured a historic success in eradicating absolute poverty, which is remarkable considering the extremely challenging conditions of the snowy plateau. The per capita disposable income of all residents has ranked first nationwide for eight consecutive years. Xizang has been a pioneer in providing 15 years of free education, from kindergarten to high school, and ensuring that all schools have heating facilities. In terms of healthcare, we have achieved the goal of ensuring that minor ailments are treated at the county level, moderate ailments at the prefecture level, and major ailments at the autonomous region level. The average life expectancy has increased to 72.19 years, and everyone, whether in urban or rural areas, has access to medical insurance. The participation rate in basic pension insurance remains above 96%, significantly improving the living standards of people of all ethnic groups.

二是新时代以来，西藏坚持落实总体国家安全观，呈现出团结和睦、稳定和谐的新气象。我们持续铸牢中华民族共同体意识，制定实施民族团结进步模范区创建条例和规划，民族团结进步创建实现区、市、县、乡、村和家庭、个人全覆盖。持续推进藏传佛教中国化，开展“国家意识、公民意识、法治意识”教育，在编僧尼的医保、养老保险、低保、意外伤害险和健康体检实现全覆盖，这在藏传佛教千百年的历史上是第一次，我们的僧人第一次领到养老金。持续加快法治西藏、平安西藏建设，多年来没有发生一起重大政治性、群体性和暴力恐怖案件，各族群众安全感、满意度指数连续多年位居全国前列。坦率讲，如果各位有机会到西藏拉萨，到人员密集的八廓街转一转、看一看，很难发现有小偷。

Second, since the new era, Xizang has followed the comprehensive national security concept, presenting a new outlook of unity, harmony, stability, and peace. We have continued to strengthen the sense of community for the Chinese nation, formulating and implementing regulations and plans to build model areas for ethnic unity and progress. We have achieved ethnic unity and progress at all levels, from regions, cities, and counties to townships, villages, and even households and individuals. We have made consistent efforts to adapt Tibetan Buddhism to China's realities, and conduct education on "national identity, civic responsibility, and rule of law awareness." For the first time in the 1,000-year history of Tibetan Buddhism, all our ordained monks and nuns have access to medical insurance, pension insurance, social assistance, accident insurance, and health check-ups. For the first time they have been entitled to old-age pensions. We have continued to accelerate the construction of a law-based Xizang and a peaceful Xizang. For many years, there have been no major politically motivated, collective, or violent terrorist incidents. The sense of security and satisfaction among people of all ethnic groups has consistently ranked among the highest in the country. To be frank, if you have the opportunity to visit Lhasa, Xizang, and take a stroll along the bustling Barkhor Street, you will hardly see any thieves.

三是新时代以来，西藏坚持完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，呈现出繁荣发展、蒸蒸日上的新气象。西藏地区生产总值年均增长8.6%，增速位居全国前列。今年1-9月，地区生产总值增速达到9.8%，位居全国第一。农村饮水安全人口普及率达到100%。实事求是地讲，西藏海拔高、气候寒冷，虽然我们在脱贫攻坚期基本解决了安全饮水的问题，但是由于特殊的气候环境，在高海拔特别是4500米以上地区的农牧民，确实存在一些季节性断水的问题。我们自治区党委政府高度重视，去年作为一项民生实事，大力攻坚解决这个问题，目前基本得到有效解决。青藏、川藏、藏中、阿里4条“电力天路”连通全区74个县区，公路通车里程突破12万公里，到今年底建成机场7个，民航航线达到154条、通航城市增加到70个，旅客吞吐量突破600万人次。“复兴号”动车也是首次开进了高原，光纤宽带、4G信号基本实现行政村全覆盖，全西藏有5400多个行政村，农牧区人均住房面积达到40平米以上，各族群众的生活实现了从水桶到水管、从油灯到电灯、从土路到油路、从毡房到楼房的历史巨变。

Third, since the new era, Xizang has implemented the new development philosophy in full, to the letter and in all fields, presenting a new outlook of prosperity and progress. Xizang's GDP has been growing at an average annual growth rate of 8.6%, ranking among the top in the country. From January to September this year, its GDP growth rate reached 9.8%, ranking first nationwide. All rural residents have access to safe drinking water. However, Xizang has a high altitude and a cold climate. Although we basically solved the issue of safe drinking water during the poverty alleviation period, there were some seasonal water shortages in areas above 4,500 meters, especially for farmers and herders. The Party committee and government of the autonomous region gave high priority to this issue. Last year, we launched a major project to improve people's livelihood and effectively solved this problem. The four "power corridors" of Qinghai-Xizang, Sichuan-Xizang, central Xizang, and Ngari electric transmission lines have connected all 74 counties in the region. The mileage in highways open to traffic has exceeded 120,000 kilometers. By the end of this year, there will be seven airports in operation, with 154 civil aviation routes linking 70 cities. The passenger throughput has exceeded 6 million. The Fuxing bullet train has reached the plateau. All the 5,400 administrative villages across the region have fiber-optic broadband and 4G signals. The average living space in rural and pastoral areas has reached over 40 square meters per person. The people of all ethnic groups have experienced tremendous historical changes in their lives, moving from water buckets to tap water, from oil lamps to electric lights, from dirt roads to paved roads, and from traditional tents to modern buildings.

四是新时代以来，西藏坚持走生态优先、绿色发展之路，呈现出天蓝地绿、水清景美的新气象。生态环境保护不断加强，我们大力实施《中华人民共和国青藏高原生态保护法》和《西藏自治区国家生态文明高地建设条例》，在全国，这个地方条例，西藏是第一家制定生态保护条例的，全区森林覆盖率提高到12.31%，西藏的森林活立木蓄积量居世界第一，亚洲最高的树在西藏林芝，这个树高达102米。还有，西藏林芝的巨柏树龄高达3200年，树龄在千年以上的核桃树，林芝各个县到处都是。草原植被盖度达到47.14%，生态环境质量不断巩固，全区自然保护地面积占到全区面积的36%，生态保护红线占到全区面积的50%以上。空气质量优良天数比例达到99%以上，特别是拉萨市，空气质量是全中国首屈一指的，我们在拉萨穿白衬衣一个礼拜不用洗，皮鞋一个礼拜不用擦，是干干净净的。第二次青藏高原综合科学考察取得重大成果，目前青藏高原已经整体实现碳中和。这在全中国，青藏高原也是走在前列的。我们生态环境的红利不断释放，已建、在建清洁能源装机达到2400万千瓦，西藏清洁能源资源得天独厚，我们的水能、太阳能、风能、地热相当丰富，综合起来都是在全国居第一位的。仅太阳能的技术开发量在98亿千瓦以上，未来也是中国清洁能源的重要基地。数字经济增加值突破200亿元，各族群众成为良好生态环境的守护者、“绿水青山就是金山银山”的受益者。正如刚才王纲副部长介绍的，我们现在生态管护岗位的设置年均超过50万，人均每年受益3500元人民币。

Fourth, since the new era, Xizang has given high priority to ecological protection and green development, creating a beautiful landscape of blue skies, green land, and clear waters. Ecological protection has been constantly strengthened. We have vigorously implemented the Law of the People's Republic of China on Ecological Conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Regulations on Developing National Eco-Civilization Model in the Xizang Autonomous Region. Xizang is the first region in China to have local regulations on ecological protection. The forest coverage rate in the entire region has increased to 12.31%. Xizang has the highest volume of standing timber in the world and the tallest tree in Asia, which is 102 meters high and located in Nyingchi. Nyingchi also has a giant cypress tree that is 3,200 years old, and walnut trees that are over a thousand years old can be found in many of its counties of Nyingchi. The coverage of grassland vegetation has reached 47.14%. The ecological environment has been constantly improved. Nature reserves cover 36% of the total area of the region, and the ecological "red lines" account for over 50% of the total area. The air quality is excellent for over 99% of the days. Especially in Lhasa, the air quality is among the best in China. In Lhasa, you can wear a white shirt for a week without washing it, and your leather shoes will stay shiny for a week without polishing them. The Second Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has made remarkable discoveries, and the plateau has now achieved overall carbon neutrality. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is leading the way in China's environmental protection. Our ecological protection efforts continue to pay off. The installed capacity of clean energy, both completed and under construction, has reached 24 million kilowatts. Xizang is endowed with abundant clean energy resources, including hydropower, solar, wind, and geothermal energy. Overall, Xizang ranks first in the country in terms of clean energy resources. Xizang produces more than 9.8 billion kilowatts of solar energy, making it an important source for China's clean energy in the future. The added value of the digital economy has exceeded 20 billion yuan, and people of all ethnic groups have become the guardians of a good ecological environment and beneficiaries of the idea that "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets." As Mr. Wang just mentioned, there are over 500,000 jobs every year for managing and protecting the environment, and the average annual benefit per person is 3,500 yuan.

五是新时代以来，西藏坚持“治国必治边、治边先稳藏”的战略思想，呈现出边防巩固、边境安宁的新气象。我们统筹规划建设边境地区学校、医院、文化体育等公共服务设施，21个边境县的经济总量和居民收入持续较快增长，全部建成标准化供水厂和生活垃圾填埋厂，建成小康村624个，所有的边境县通油路、所有边境乡镇和建制村通公路，主电网延伸到全部边境乡镇，建制村通宽带率和4G信号覆盖率达到100%，各族群众像格桑花一样扎根雪域边陲。

Fifth, since the new era, we have adhered to the strategy that stability in Xizang is paramount in the governance of the border areas and the country as a whole, strengthening border defense and maintaining border security. We have made coordinated plans to build public service facilities such as schools, hospitals, and cultural and sports facilities in border areas. In 21 border counties, the economy and residents' income both maintained rapid growth, and standardized water supply plants and domestic garbage landfills are being built. A total of 624 villages realized moderate prosperity. All border counties have been connected to tarred roads; all border towns, townships, and villages can be reached by road; main power networks have covered all border towns and townships; and all villages have gained broadband access and 4G coverage. Different ethnic groups have thrived in high-altitude border areas like galsang flowers.

六是新时代以来，西藏坚持和加强党的全面领导，呈现出凝心聚力、风清气正的新气象。全西藏党员总数达到44.61万名，党的基层组织2.3万余个，反腐败斗争取得压倒性胜利并不断巩固，党在西藏的执政根基更加牢固。我们始终坚持中国特色社会主义制度、民族区域自治制度，推进党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治藏有机统一，藏族和其他少数民族在各级人大代表中占到89.2%，在各级政协委员中占到85.7%。西藏主体民族的比例是87%，在这当中，民族代表的比例这么高，充分说明西藏各族人民有充分行使自己权利的自由。

Sixth, since the new era, we have adhered to and enhanced the overall leadership of the Party, pooling strength and fostering an atmosphere of integrity. There are 446,100 Party members and more than 23,000 primary-level Party organizations in Xizang. We have overwhelmingly won the anti-corruption battle and continued to reinforce the results so that the foundations of the Party's governance in Xizang are cemented. We have always upheld the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and have been committed to the Party's leadership, the people's position as masters of the country, and the rule of law of the governance of Xizang. Tibetan and other ethnic minorities account for 89.2% of the deputies to people's congresses at different levels in Xizang and 85.7% of members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) at different levels in Xizang. The majority ethnic group makes up 87% of the population in Xizang. These high proportions demonstrate that the exercise of rights conferred to all ethnic groups in Xizang is fully guaranteed.

西藏的沧桑巨变，是新时代党和国家事业历史性成就、历史性变革的生动缩影。习近平总书记关于西藏工作的重要指示和新时代党的治藏方略，是新时代西藏发展进步的根基所在、方向所在、力量所在。新征程上，我们将继续以新时代党的治藏方略统一思想、统揽全局、统领工作，聚焦“四件大事”，聚力“四个创建”，奋力谱写好中国式现代化西藏崭新篇章。

Xizang has experienced huge changes, standing out as a vivid example of the monumental achievements and historical transformations achieved by the Party and the country in the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions regarding Xizang-related work and the Party's policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era offer the foundation, guidance, and strength for Xizang's development in the new era. Going forward, we will continue to center around the Party's policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era, keeping the big picture in mind and coordinating efforts. We will focus on maintaining stability, facilitating development, protecting the eco-environment, and safeguarding the borders. We will strive to establish model communities of ethnic unity and progress, build pilot areas for high-quality economic development in the plateau, develop a national eco-civilization model, and build a demonstration region for safeguarding, developing, and bringing prosperity to border areas. Through these efforts, we will write a new chapter in realizing modernization in Xizang through the Chinese path.

中国有一句俗话“百闻不如一见”。前不久，我们召开第三届环喜马拉雅国际合作论坛，来自近40个国家的130多位政要及媒体记者纷纷表示，西藏之行是一次难忘的经历，群众笑脸是执政兴业最好的“晴雨表”。好多外国政要、使节、记者到我们林芝走村入户，看到老百姓的住房、现代化家电的使用，还有老百姓溢于言表的幸福感，他们说，和国外听到的宣传大相径庭，看到的和听到的完全不一样。所以他们呼吁大家，不要被虚假宣传所蒙蔽，要亲自前往西藏去看一看、体验一下。“相知无远近，万里尚为邻”，我们诚邀各位朋友亲身到西藏，体验自然风光之美、民族风情之美、团结和谐之美、开拓奋进之美，把社会主义新西藏全方位、多角度，客观而真实地介绍给世界。

China has a saying that seeing is believing. Not long ago, we convened the third China Xizang Trans-Himalaya Forum for International Cooperation, with more than 130 political dignitaries and journalists from nearly 40 countries in attendance. The attendees found the Xizang trip a memorable one, noting that people's satisfaction testifies to good governance and efforts in promoting prosperity in the region. Many foreign statesmen, diplomats, and journalists visited villagers in Nyingchi, where houses are equipped with modern comforts and people live in happiness. They found what they saw is hugely different from what they had been told and is not like what they had heard. So they urged people not to be beguiled by false information, and instead go visit and experience Xizang in person. "Distance cannot separate true friends who remain close even when thousands of miles apart." You are welcome to visit Xizang to experience the natural scenery and ethnic culture and feel the social solidarity and the spirit of striving to break new ground, and then help present to the world a new socialist Xizang in all dimensions, objectively and truthfully.

我就简要介绍这么多，谢谢大家！

This is my briefing. Thank you all!

寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

谢谢严金海主席的介绍。下面进入提问环节，提问前请通报一下所在的新闻机构。请大家开始举手提问。

Thank you, Mr. Yan. Next is the Q&A session. Please state the news outlet you represent before raising questions. The floor is now open for questions.

经济日报记者:

Economic Daily:

据报道，2019年底西藏74个贫困县区就已经实现了摘帽，62.8万建档立卡贫困人口实现脱贫。如今过去三年多了，请问西藏是如何巩固和拓展脱贫攻坚成果，并与乡村振兴有效衔接的？谢谢。

As of the end of 2019, 74 counties and districts and 628,000 people documented as impoverished in Xizang were lifted out of poverty, according to reports. How has Xizang consolidated and furthered the results of poverty alleviation efforts while promoting rural revitalization in the more than three years thereafter? Thank you.

徐志涛:

Xu Zhitao:

谢谢这位记者的提问。大家知道，西藏曾经是全国唯一的省级集中连片贫困地区，经过艰苦努力，我们与全国一道全面建成了小康社会。就像刚才金海主席讲的，在西藏这样一个条件艰苦的地区，实现摆脱绝对贫困实属不易。在实现脱贫摘帽之后，西藏按照“把工作对象转向所有农民、工作任务转向推进乡村‘五大振兴’、工作举措转向促进发展”要求，结合实际近几年主要做了以下工作：

Thank you for the question. We all know that Xizang used to be the only provincial-level contiguous poor area. However, through strenuous efforts, Xizang has realized moderate prosperity together with other regions of the country. Like Mr. Yan just mentioned, it is really difficult to eradicate absolute poverty in a place like Xizang, where you have to endure many hardships. After shaking off poverty, Xizang turned its focus to facilitating all villagers, promoting rural revitalization by boosting its industries, human resources, culture, eco-environment, and organizing ability in order to drive development. In recent years, we have been practical and made efforts in the following aspects:

一是健全机制稳政策。全面完成自治区、市（地）、县（区）三级乡村振兴机构重组，形成了领导小组抓总、各级农办统筹协调、专项组分块推进、行业部门各司其职的工作体制机制。严格落实“四个不摘”要求，出台“三保障”成果巩固、产业发展、就业帮扶、兜底保障等30多项衔接政策。

First, we have improved mechanisms and stabilized policies. We reshuffled rural revitalization agencies at three levels, i.e. the autonomous region, city (prefecture), and county (district). We also formed a working mechanism in which the leading group for rural work takes the helm, offices of rural work at different levels coordinate efforts, work is divided between different task forces, and different sectors and departments fulfill their own functions. We made sure that even though poverty had been eliminated, all of the related responsibilities, policies, support, and oversight remained in place. We also issued more than 30 succeeding policies concerning industrial development, employment, and people's basic living needs to ensure access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and safe housing.

二是守牢底线固成果。健全防止返贫动态监测帮扶机制，义务教育阶段脱贫家庭辍学学生继续保持动态清零，低保对象、城乡低收入人口政策范围内个人自付医疗费救助比例分别达到95%和90%。对全区48.1万户农牧区房屋开展安全隐患排查，持续加强农牧区饮水安全的动态监测。

Second, we have adopted a bottom-line mindset to cement previous successes. We have improved the dynamic monitoring and assistance mechanism to prevent people from slipping back into poverty. We have ensured that all dropouts from compulsory education from families who had shaken off poverty have returned to school. For subsistence allowance recipients and low-income populations in urban and rural areas, the proportion of their self-paid expenses covered by medical assistance reached 95% and 90%, respectively. In farming and pastoral areas within the autonomous region, we conducted housing examinations for 481,000 households to identify safety hazards and continued to enhance dynamic monitoring of drinking water safety.

三是推动发展稳增收。2021年和2022年，自治区统筹整合财政涉农资金153亿元、148亿元，有力保障了乡村振兴各项需要。强化扶贫项目资产后续管理，开展扶贫产业项目提档升级，2022年脱贫人口人均纯收入达到1.38万元，年均增长率高于全区的农牧区居民人均可支配收入增长水平。

Third, we have advanced development and increased residents' incomes. The autonomous region integrated and coordinated the use of government funds of 15.3 billion yuan and 14.8 billion yuan for rural development in 2021 and 2022, respectively, ensuring financial support for rural revitalization. We have strengthened the follow-up asset management of poverty alleviation projects and upgraded those projects. The per capita net income of people lifted out of poverty was 13,800 yuan in 2022, and its average annual growth rate was higher than that of the per capita disposable income of residents in the region's farming and pastoral areas.

四是蹄疾步稳促振兴。2021年以来，启动建设美丽宜居村300个，认定美丽宜居示范村505个。启动实施树立农牧民新风貌行动，推广运用“积分制”办法，开展建村规民约、兴优秀文化、美村容村貌等活动。

Fourth, we have boosted rural revitalization in a fast yet steady manner. Since 2021, we have built 300 beautiful and livable villages and certified 505 demonstration ones. We launched a program to cultivate new customs and habits among farmers and herders, promoted the application of the scoring system in rural governance, and conducted various activities to form village rules, promote fine culture, and beautify villages.

我们还实行乡村振兴省级干部联系点制度，我的联系点在西藏日喀则一个叫扎西顶的小村庄，那里土地肥沃、景色怡人，特别是群众非常勤劳，一半以上劳动力在外地务工，人均收入也高于全区平均水平。目前，那里正在按照和美乡村建设要求，实施村内道路硬化、人畜分离、产业提升等项目，相信再过几年，这里一定更加美丽、更为和谐，也更有活力。谢谢！

We also implemented an outreach work system for rural revitalization among provincial-level officials. I'm now responsible for relevant work regarding a small village named Zhaxiding in Shigatse, Xizang, where the land is fertile, the scenery is pleasant, and the residents are diligent. More than half of the working-age population works outside the village, with their per capita income higher than the average for the whole region. Currently, in accordance with the requirements to build a beautiful and harmonious countryside, the village is implementing projects to harden roads, separate livestock from housing, and upgrade industries. I believe that in a few years, the village will become more beautiful, harmonious, and lively. Thank you.

中央广播电视总台央视记者:

CCTV:

刚才王纲副部长已经介绍了近年来西藏取得了举世瞩目的发展与成就，请问在尊重和保障人权方面，新时代党的治藏方略又给西藏各族人民带来了哪些变化？谢谢。

Mr. Wang just introduced the remarkable development and achievements of Xizang in recent years. In terms of respecting and protecting human rights, what changes have the CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era brought to people of all ethnic groups there? Thank you.

王纲:

Wang Gang:

谢谢你的提问，西藏的人权问题历来受关注。我们始终认为，人的生存权和发展权是首要的人权，发展能够让老百姓生活变得幸福，所以幸福生活是人权的最大表征。人民幸福在我们看来就是最大的人权。刚才在白皮书里讲到，我们西藏人从农奴社会到今天，生活质量大幅提高，不但安全而且幸福。刚才严主席全面介绍了新时代十年西藏人民的生活状态，从各种经济指标、收入指标、生活保障指标，我们都可以看到。

Thank you for your question. Human rights in Xizang have long attracted attention. We believe that the rights to subsistence and development are primary human rights. Development leads to happier lives, so living a happy life is the greatest manifestation of human rights. In our view, the people's wellbeing is the primary human right. As mentioned in the white paper, Xizang residents, who once suffered under feudal serfdom, now live safe and happy lives with substantial improvements in living standards. Mr. Yan just introduced the lives of Xizang residents in the past decade of the new era, covering various aspects, including economic indicators, personal incomes, and daily necessities.

首先，这十年我们已经完成了解决人的生存权、发展权大幅提高的问题，300多万西藏人民同14亿全国人民一道迈入全面小康，而且进入了全面建设社会主义现代化国家新的征程当中，西藏人民活得幸不幸福，在西藏人民的脸上可以看到，在经济指标上可以看到。当生存权、发展权解决，2019年全面脱贫之后，刚才还谈到了将近63万建档立卡贫困人口的脱贫和74个县的全面脱贫，可见经济发展到今天，改革开放到今天，西藏人民跟全国人民一道共享了改革开放和发展的全面成果，这是生存权、发展权问题。

First, we have ensured the rights of Xizang residents to subsistence and development over the past 10 years. More than 3 million Xizang residents have entered a moderately prosperous society along with the rest of the 1.4 billion Chinese people and embarked on a new journey to build a modern socialist country in all respects. One can tell whether Xizang residents are living a happy life from their facial expressions and economic indicators. We have ensured their rights to subsistence and development, eradicated absolute poverty in 2019, and lifted nearly 630,000 registered poor residents and 74 counties out of poverty. It's thus clear that Xizang residents have enjoyed the benefits of reform and opening-up and economic development along with the rest of the Chinese people.

第二，我们更关注的是，在细节上，我们的经济社会、教育文化等各个领域、各个方面的权利，西藏人民是不是一道享有。我认为，这本白皮书告诉了大家，享有了，因为人民幸福是最大的人权。在实现生存权、发展权之后，包括受教育权利，各方面权利都能够体现出来。西藏是全国最早实现15年公费教育的省区，而且就业权益保障更多地向西藏地区倾斜。据我了解，过去五年，每年从农牧民转移就业的人口就达60万人。医疗保险、医疗服务覆盖了所有的乡镇。大家要知道，西藏120多万平方公里，300多万人口，很多地方处于高海拔地区，要把医疗服务覆盖到全西藏，是一件难度多么大的事，但是我们实现了。所以在我看来，西藏人民学有所教、劳有所得、住有所居、病有所医、老有所养，全方位、全程、多层次的社会保障体系已经建起来了，这在更大程度上全方位地保障了西藏人民的生活质量。

Second, we are more concerned about whether we have ensured the rights of Xizang residents in various aspects, to be specific, in the economic, social, education, cultural and other fields. To my understanding, the white paper has given a positive answer to this, as the people's wellbeing is the foremost human right. The rights to subsistence and development include the right to receive education and other rights in various fields. Xizang is the first provincial-level region in China to establish a government-funded public education system covering 15 years of education. More preferential policies have been implemented in Xizang to ensure local people's rights and interests in employment. According to my knowledge, in the past five years, 600,000 farmers and herders found non-agricultural jobs each year. Medical insurance and services now cover all townships and towns. That's not an easy task to complete in Xizang which has a population of over 3 million, as the region covers over 1.2 million square kilometers and many of its areas are at high altitudes. In spite of that, we achieved full coverage of medical insurance and services there. Hence, nowadays Xizang residents have access to education, employment, livable housing, and medical and elderly care. A well-rounded, multi-tiered social insurance system covering all ages has been established, which has guaranteed the quality of life of Xizang residents in all aspects.

我们再谈西藏还有公民权利和政治权利的保障问题。坚持人民当家作主和依法治藏有机统一，始终坚持民族区域自治制度，解决民族地区发展问题，西藏各族人民充分享有宪法和法律赋予的管理国家和地方事务的各项权利，人民当家作主得以充分体现。我讲两点：第一，“人大代表之家”全西藏有772个，已经实现了区域全覆盖。还有一个数据，在全区政协委员当中，少数民族占的比重已经达到85.7%。

Third, I want to talk about the civil and political rights of Xizang residents. Xizang has always been committed to ensuring the people's position as masters of the country, promoting law-based governance, and upholding the system of regional ethnic autonomy to address development issues in ethnic regions. All efforts have ensured the rights of Xizang residents, as conferred by the Constitution and laws, to govern national and regional affairs, as well as their rights to be masters of the region and the country. I want to note two points. First, Xizang has 772 "homes of deputies to people's congresses," covering the whole region. Second, among all the CPPCC members in the whole region, 85.7% are from ethnic minorities.

最后我还想讲，西藏信教群众享有宗教信仰自由，这也是外界非常关注的。中央始终根据中国西藏的实际来制定和实行符合西藏地方的宗教信仰自由政策，各族信教群众在宪法法律的保护下享有开展正常宗教活动的自由。我还想让大家知道，整个西藏1700多处宗教活动场所，1700多项宗教民俗活动都在开展，都存在着，充分满足了所有信教群众的正常宗教需求。

Last but not least, religious believers in Xizang enjoy freedom of religious belief, which is also of great concern. The central government has always formulated and implemented policies on freedom of religious belief suitable for Xizang according to its local conditions. Religious believers of all ethnic groups enjoy the freedom to hold religious activities under the protection of the Constitution and laws. Here, I would like to share some data with you. There are more than 1,700 sites for religious activities across Xizang, and over 1,700 religious and folk activities have been hosted to fully satisfy the needs of all religious believers.

如果还想了解更多，希望你们好好看看这本白皮书，让大家真实地了解西藏。如果还想了解西藏的人权问题，刚才严金海主席已经发出了邀请，可以直接到西藏去，直接问西藏的老百姓，直接去寻找答案，西藏应该都可以给出。谢谢你的提问。

If you want to learn more, please read the white paper. It will help you get to know the real Xizang. And if you want to know more about human rights in Xizang, you can visit Xizang. Mr. Yan has just sent out his invitation. You can ask the residents of Xizang and get answers by yourselves. Thank you for your question.

北京青年报记者:

Beijing Youth Daily:

我的问题是关于西藏教育的。在西藏这样一个地广人稀、人口分散的地方，自治区政府都采取了哪些举措更好地解决农牧民子女的教育问题？谢谢。

My question concerns education in Xizang. Given the vast landscape and widely dispersed population of Xizang, what measures has the government of the Xizang Autonomous Region taken to better address the educational issues faced by children of farmers and herders? Thank you.

汪海洲:

Wang Haizhou:

谢谢这位记者的提问以及对西藏教育的关心。西藏一直坚持把提高乡村教育质量作为重中之重，特别是要充分保障我们农牧民子女都能够平等地受到良好教育。我们采取的主要措施有：

Thank you for your question and your concern about education in Xizang. Xizang has always prioritized improving the quality of rural education, especially ensuring equal access to quality education for children of farmers and herders. We have taken the following major measures to achieve this goal.

一是全面改善农牧区学校办学条件。刚才严金海主席也介绍了相关情况，我们实施农牧区学校安全饮水工程和高寒高海拔地区学校供暖工程，同时强力推进信息化，建成了西藏教育“珠峰旗云”平台，实现了教育光网全覆盖，中小学100M宽带网入校率达到100%，形成了“人人皆学、处处能学、时时可学”的开放式教育云，我们全区师生足不出户就能够享用全国优质教育资源，有效缩小了区域、城乡和校际教育差距。

First, we have comprehensively improved the conditions of schools in farming and pastoral areas. As Mr. Yan previously introduced, we have launched projects to provide safe drinking water for schools in these areas and ensure heating supply for schools in the alpine and high-altitude areas. Meanwhile, we have vigorously promoted the application of information technology by launching an education cloud platform and achieved the full coverage of an optical fiber-based broadband network in all schools. All primary and secondary schools across the region have access to 100 megabits per second (Mbps) fiber-optic broadband network services, forming an open educational environment where people can learn whenever and wherever they want. All teachers and students can access quality educational resources without leaving home, effectively narrowing gaps in education conditions and quality between different schools, regions, and urban-rural areas.

二是全面实现义务教育基本均衡发展。2012年启动县域内义务教育均衡发展，投入资金78.3亿元，实施脱贫攻坚学校基本建设项目2167个。2021年全区74个县（区）全部通过国家县域内义务教育基本均衡发展评估认定。

Second, we have basically achieved balanced development of compulsory education across the region. Since 2012, we have launched projects to realize balanced compulsory education in counties, investing 7.83 billion yuan and implementing 2,167 school projects under the poverty relief program. By 2021, all 74 counties and districts across the region had passed the evaluation for basically balanced development of compulsory education.

三是全面推动高中阶段教育高质量发展。我们实施了高中阶段教育普及攻坚计划，新建、改扩建了一批高中阶段学校。我们现在每个地市办好一所特色中职学校，通过这个学校来培养技术技能人才。同时，通过中高职的贯通培养，让有需求的每个青少年都能掌握一门实用技能，努力让每个孩子的人生都有出彩的机会。我们还全面打通了农牧民子女升学通道，在每年的普通高校招生考试中，通过贫困地区专项计划和高校专项计划，确保农牧民子女有更多的机会接受高等教育。

Third, we have fully promoted the high-quality development of senior secondary school education. We have intensified efforts to universalize senior secondary education, and built, rebuilt or expanded a number of schools providing this level of education. Each prefecture-level city in the region has been equipped with a specialized secondary vocational school to cultivate technicians and skilled workers. Meanwhile, the integration of secondary and higher vocational education helps teenagers longing for skills master one practical skill and ensure all students enjoy an equal opportunity to thrive and achieve their full potential. In addition, we have opened up more channels for children of farmers and herders in the annual college enrollment: We implement the national special program for students in poverty-stricken areas and the special program for students in remote, impoverished and ethnic minority areas, thereby ensuring more of them can have access to higher education.

四是全面推动教师资源配置向农牧区学校倾斜。实施乡村教师支持计划和定向培养计划，提高乡村教师地位待遇，鼓励教师到乡村学校任教，教师职称评聘向乡村学校、高海拔地区学校倾斜。2016年以来，表彰了“西藏自治区乡村教师从教20年荣誉奖”2096名、“西藏自治区乡村教师从教25年终身成就奖”677名。

Fourth, we have comprehensively weighted teacher resources toward farming and pastoral areas. We have implemented the plan to strengthen the workforce of teachers in rural areas and targeted training programs for rural teachers, making efforts to improve rural teachers' social status and raise their salaries, encourage teachers to teach in rural schools, and give preference to teachers in rural schools and schools in high-altitude areas in cases of applying for professional titles. Since 2016, a total of 2,096 rural teachers have been awarded for their 20 years of teaching efforts, and 677 have been honored with a lifetime achievement award for teaching over 25 years in the region's rural areas.

五是全面落实农牧民子女上学无负担措施。建立了15年公费教育政策体系和学生资助政策体系。刚才王纲副部长也介绍了总体情况。党的十八大以来，我们八次提高了经费标准，目前“三包”政策每年每个学生平均经费已经达到4200元，累计投入了220.67亿元，受益学生数量达到655.08万人次。同时，我们实施了农牧区义务教育学生营养改善计划国家试点和地方试点，两次提高有关经费标准，目前每年每个学生平均标准达到1000元，累计投入了32.52亿元，受益学生达417.66万人次。对学生资助政策达到42项，基本实现了应助尽助。我们可以非常自豪地讲，今天的西藏，孩子们不会因为家庭困难而上不起学，绝大多数孩子通过教育改变了他们自己和家庭的命运，过上了幸福生活。

Fifth, we have fully implemented various measures to ensure that children of farmers and herders can attend school without worries or concerns. We have established a 15-year public-funded education system from kindergarten to senior high school and a student financial assistance system. Mr. Wang previously shared the overall situation with us. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have raised the education subsidy standard eight times. Currently, under the Three Guarantees policy for education in Xizang, which provides food, accommodation and school expenses for preschool to senior high students from farming and herding households and impoverished urban families, the average subsidy has amounted to 4,200 yuan per student per year. So far, we have spent 22.067 billion yuan on supporting this education policy, benefiting 6.5508 million students. Meanwhile, we have launched national and local pilot schemes to implement the nutrition improvement program for students under compulsory education in farming and pastoral areas and increased subsidies twice. Currently, the annual average subsidy per student has reached 1,000 yuan, with a total of 3.252 billion yuan spent to benefit 4.1766 million students. A total of 42 student financial aid policies have been rolled out to ensure comprehensive assistance to everyone who needs it. We can say with great pride that today in Xizang, no child drops out of school due to financial difficulties. The vast majority of children have changed their own and their families' fates through education and are living happy lives.

西藏教育发生的翻天覆地变化，在70年以前是很难想象的。我们的教育特别是农牧民子女的教育，可以说是新时代党的治藏方略成功实践的有力例证，这也充分说明，只有在中国共产党的领导下，只有在社会主义祖国大家庭的怀抱里，各族人民才能更充分地享有受教育的权利。谢谢！

The tremendous changes in Xizang's education sector would have been unimaginable 70 years ago. Progress in education, especially for children of farmers and herders, stands as a testament to the successful implementation of the CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era. It has also fully demonstrated that it is only under the leadership of the CPC, within the embrace of the big family of the motherland, and only by firmly following the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, that people of various ethnic groups can fully enjoy the right to education. Thank you.

人民日报记者:

People's Daily:

中共十八大以来，中国共产党大力推进全过程人民民主，请问西藏在新时代坚持和发展全过程人民民主的过程中有哪些重要举措？谢谢。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party has striven to develop whole-process people's democracy. I would like to ask, what major measures has the region taken to advance whole-process people's democracy in the new era? Thank you.

严金海:

Yan Jinhai:

谢谢你的提问，这个问题由我来回答。习近平总书记曾经讲过，鞋子合不合脚，只有自己穿了才知道，这是选择道路的问题。民主也是同样，也没有一个统一的答案和统一的标准，每一个国家都有自己的民主。

Thank you for your question. I will take it. General Secretary Xi Jinping said that only the wearer knows if the shoes fit or not. The remark indicates the choice of development path. Democracy works the same way; there is no standardized answer or criteria for democracy. Each country has its own model of democracy.

一是中共十八大以来，西藏自治区在两次换届选举当中，有90%以上的选民都参加了县乡直接选举，有些地方参选率高达100%，自治区人大也建立了人大常委会组成人员直接联系基层人大代表，基层人大代表联系人民群众的双联系制度，一共创建了770多个人大代表之家，覆盖了全区所有的市、县、乡、街道，部分行政村还建有“代表小组”活动室，人大闭会期间代表履职活动更加经常化、规范化、制度化。

First, since the 18th CPC National Congress, two elections have been held in Xizang to elect the regional people's congress, in which over 90% of eligible voters have participated in direct elections at the county and township levels. In some areas, the participation rate reached as high as 100%. The People's Congress of the Xizang Autonomous Region has established a dual-contact system in which members of its standing committee maintain direct contact with community-level deputies who in turn maintain direct contact with people in their constituencies. A total of over 770 "homes of deputies to people's congresses" have been established, covering all cities/prefectures, counties/districts, and townships/towns/sub-districts in the region. Some villages have set up deputies' functional centers. These facilities enable deputies to perform their duties on a more regular basis in the intersessional period, which has helped regulate and institutionalize the dual-contact system.

二是发扬社会主义协商民主的重要作用。加强党对人民政协工作的全面领导，支持人民政协提高政治协商、民主监督、参政议政的水平。自治区政协吸收民族宗教、党外知识分子、新的社会阶层人士等各界各族人士参加，注重体现委员人选的广泛性和代表性。自治区十二届政协共有委员440人，其中非中共党员占比达到59.3%。74个县（区）政协组织全覆盖，全区各级政协委员超过8000名，85.7%是少数民族。

Second, we have promoted the important role of socialist consultative democracy. We have strengthened the overall leadership of the Party in the work of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), supporting it in improving political consultation, democratic supervision and participation in political affairs. The CPPCC is open to representatives from all social sectors and ethnic groups, including those of religious circles, intellectuals who are not CPC members, and people from New Social Groups, emphasizing the inclusiveness and representativeness of its members. The 12th CPPCC Committee of the Xizang Autonomous Region consists of 440 members, of which 59.3% are not CPC members. CPPCC organizations have been established in all 74 counties or districts of the region, with over 8,000 CPPCC members at all levels, of whom 85.7% are from ethnic minorities.

三是提升法治西藏建设水平。中共十八大以来，民族区域自治制度在西藏的实践不断深化，在加强民族团结、促进各民族交往交流交融、增强中华民族凝聚力、推动经济社会发展进步等方面发挥了重要作用，进一步凸显了新时代党的治藏方略的典范性。自治区人大及其常委会先后制定实施160件地方性法规和具有法规性质的决议、决定，确保社会管理、民生福祉等都能在法治轨道上运行。

Third, we have enhanced the building of the legal framework in Xizang. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the practice of the system of regional ethnic autonomy in Xizang has continuously deepened. It has played an important role in strengthening ethnic unity, promoting exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups, enhancing the cohesion of the Chinese nation, and promoting economic and social development and progress. This further highlights the exemplary nature of the CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era. The People's Congress of the Xizang Autonomous Region and its Standing Committee had formulated and implemented 160 local regulations and statutory resolutions and decisions of a regulatory nature, ensuring that social management, people's livelihoods and well-being, and other aspects operate within the framework of the rule of law.

四是充分发展基层民主。农村建立村民代表会议制度，城市社区全部建立社区居民代表大会、社区居委会等社区组织，为基层自治提供了充分的组织保证，群众的知情权、参与权、决策权、监督权得到了有效保障。健全以职工代表大会为基本形式的民主管理制度，企事业单位职工在重大决策和涉及职工切身利益等重大事项中充分行使民主权利。全区有基层工会组织8821个，工会会员达到60.7万多人。谢谢！

Fourth, we have fully developed grassroots democracy. The system of villagers' representative meetings has been established in rural areas, while community residents' congresses or residents' committees have been instituted in urban areas, providing satisfactory organizational guarantees for grassroots self-governance. The rights of local people to be informed, to participate in deliberations and the decision-making process and to scrutinize the exercise of power have been effectively protected. The democratic management system, with the staff deputy congress as its basic form, has been improved. Workers in enterprises and public institutions fully exercise their democratic rights in major decision-making and matters concerning the vital interests of workers. There are 8,821 grassroots trade unions in the entire region, with more than 607,000 members. Thank you.

凤凰卫视记者:

Phoenix TV:

有媒体说，西藏建设了大量的寄宿学校，有大量藏族儿童被强迫到这样的寄宿学校，远离家庭住所去上学。请问这一情况是否属实？谢谢。

Media reports have claimed that a large number of boarding schools have been established in Xizang, and that many Tibetan children are being forced to attend these schools located far away from their families. Can you confirm if this is true? Thank you.

徐志涛:

Xu Zhitao:

感谢这位记者对西藏教育情况的关注。《中华人民共和国义务教育法》规定，县级人民政府根据需要设置寄宿制学校，保障居住分散的适龄儿童、少年入学接受义务教育，这是确保公民平等享有受教育权而出台的一项政策，既解决了孩子们上学路途遥远、家长照顾困难的问题，也最大限度保障了教育机会均等和个人的公平发展，促进了国家教育事业的进步和人的全面发展。因此，不但在西藏，在中国的每个省份都建立了“寄宿+走读”的学校，面向所有适龄儿童，寄宿制办学正成为我国特别是广大农牧区的一种主要办学形式，这是长期以来各地办学实践中的一种自然选择，符合中国基本国情，也符合广大农牧区地理实际和人民群众受教育需求。我想，在座的一些中方的记者朋友、一些工作人员，也说不定有上过寄宿制学校并且受益于此的。

Thank you for your interest in the education situation in Xizang. According to the Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China, people's governments at county level shall set up boarding schools as needed to ensure that school-age children and adolescents living in scattered areas receive compulsory education. This policy aims to ensure equal access to education for all citizens. It not only solves the problem of long travel distances and difficulties facing parents in taking care of their children, but also maximizes equal educational opportunities and promotes the fair personal development of individuals, thereby advancing the national education cause and the comprehensive development of individuals. Therefore, "boarding plus day schooling" schools have been established, not only in Xizang but also in every province in China, to cater to all school-age children. Boarding schools have become a primary form of schooling in China, especially in rural and pastoral areas. This is a natural choice based on long-term educational practices in various regions, aligning with China's basic national conditions, the geographical realities in rural and pastoral areas, and the educational needs of the people. I believe that some Chinese journalists and staff present today may have attended boarding schools and benefited from them.

境外提到的所谓“藏族儿童被强迫在寄宿制学校上学”的这种情况，我觉得是别有用心的诬蔑抹黑。我们都知道，西藏一些地区由于海拔很高、自然条件艰苦、人口居住极为分散，特别是农牧区的孩子上下学都十分不方便，分散办学又难以保证教学质量，尤其需要设置这种“寄宿+走读”的学校，来保障孩子们受教育权并平等享受高质量教育资源。西藏自治区在寄宿制学校里面实行“包吃、包住、包学习费用”的“三包”政策，非常重视学生家庭参与学校的教育，通过家委会、开放日等邀请学生家长参加寄宿生活管理和规划等。无论是寄宿还是走读，完全是由学生和家长自己的意愿作出选择。

As for the reports in foreign media of the so-called situation of children in Xizang being forced to attend boarding schools, I believe it is a deliberate attempt to defame and discredit us. We are well aware that in certain areas of Xizang, where the population is widely dispersed because of the high altitude, it is particularly inconvenient for children, and especially those from herding communities, to commute to school. The scattered nature of these communities makes it challenging to ensure an adequate number of teachers and maintain teaching quality. Therefore, the establishment of "boarding plus day schooling" schools is necessary to guarantee children's right to education and ensure equal access to high-quality educational resources. In Xizang's boarding schools, a "three guarantees" policy has been implemented, which covers the costs of meals, housing and tuition. The region places great importance on involving students' families in school education by inviting parents to participate in the management and planning of boarding life through parent committees and open days. The choice to attend boarding or day schools is made entirely by the students and their parents.

中国的寄宿制教育与上世纪西方某些国家有针对性设置的“殖民式寄宿学校”有本质区别。中国的寄宿制教育多种多样、富有人性、充满活力，是发展教育事业、提高教育普及水平的一种好的办学方式，充分体现了教育的公益性属性，最大程度满足了人民群众对优质教育资源的渴求，为孩子们尤其是边远地区的孩子们提供了学习成长的优良环境，成为他们开启美好生活的金钥匙。谢谢！

China's boarding school system education is fundamentally different from the "colonial-era residential schools" established by some Western countries in the last century. China's boarding education is diverse, humane and dynamic. It serves as a positive means to advance the education sector and improve accessibility to education. It fully embodies the public welfare nature of education and strives to meet the people's demand for quality educational resources. Boarding schools provide an excellent learning and growth environment for children, particularly those in remote areas, and serve as a "golden key" for them to pursue better lives. Thank you.

中国新闻社记者:

China News Service:

我们关注到，白皮书里提到“坚持宗教中国化方向”“宗教与社会主义社会相适应”。请问，这是否会影响群众的宗教信仰自由？自治区政府如何尊重和保障群众的宗教信仰自由？谢谢。

We have noticed that the white paper mentions "adapting religion to China's realities" and "to socialist society." I am wondering whether this will affect people's freedom of religious belief. How does the regional government respect and protect people's freedom of religious belief? Thank you.

徐志涛:

Xu Zhitao:

关于这位记者提到的第一个问题。宗教中国化、宗教与社会主义社会相适应，这是宗教自身发展规律所决定的。从历史层面看，藏传佛教本身就是佛教中国化的产物，并且随着中国各个历史阶段、历史时期在不断地自我调整、自我变革，中国化的藏传佛教才能更好地适应群众和社会需求，才得以传承至今，有这么大的影响。从实践层面看，藏传佛教中国化是一个过程，一直在进行，从未中断。进入社会主义社会，藏传佛教中国化自然而然地就应当有与社会主义社会相适应的内容。当前，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我们提出要坚持宗教中国化方向，积极引导藏传佛教与社会主义社会相适应，实际上将进一步推动藏传佛教更好地适应中国国情，与时代发展同频同步，在中国得到更好地传承发展，同时也将更好地保障群众的宗教信仰自由。

Regarding the first question, the adaptation of religion to China's realities and socialist society is determined by the development law of religion itself. From a historical perspective, Tibetan Buddhism itself is the product of adapting Buddhism to China's realities. And by continuing to adjust and reform itself at various historical stages of China, Tibetan Buddhism has managed to better meet the needs of the people and society, and been passed down to this day and gained such a great influence. From a practical perspective, the adaptation of Tibetan Buddhism to China's realities is an ongoing process that has never been suspended. In a socialist society, Tibetan Buddhism should naturally include content that is compatible with it. At present, as we have ushered in a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, our call to continue to adapt religion to China's realities and guide Tibetan Buddhism in adapting to the socialist society will further enable Tibetan Buddhism to better adapt to the Chinese context and keep pace with the development of the times. This way, we will ensure better inheritance and development of Tibetan Buddhism in China as well as better protection of people's freedom of religious belief.

关于第二个问题。刚才王刚副部长也介绍了相关情况，西藏自治区政府积极推动宗教信仰自由政策在西藏得到全面贯彻落实，主要做法有：

Regarding the second question, as Mr. Wang Gang also just introduced, the government of the Xizang Autonomous Region actively promotes the implementation of policies on freedom of religious belief in Xizang. The main efforts are as follows:

一是尊重公民的宗教信仰自由，保护正常的宗教活动；二是对待各个宗教一律平等、一视同仁；三是依法对涉及国家利益和社会公共利益的宗教事务进行管理，但不干涉宗教团体内部事务；四是在处理与宗教界的关系时，坚持“政治上团结合作，信仰上互相尊重”的原则，共同致力于实现中华民族伟大复兴；五是信教公民与其他公民一样，享有同等的政治、经济、社会、文化等各方面的权利，宗教组织的代表可以通过合法渠道参与政治生活。

First, we respect citizens' freedom of religious belief and protect normal religious activities. Second, we treat all religions equally and without discrimination. Third, we manage religious affairs involving national and public interests in accordance with the law, but do not interfere in the internal affairs of religious groups. Fourth, in handling relations with religious groups, we adhere to the principle of "uniting and cooperating politically, and respecting each other's beliefs ," and work together to achieve the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Fifth, religious believers enjoy the same political, economic, social, and cultural rights as other citizens. Representatives of religious groups can participate in political activities through legal channels.

谢谢！

Thank you!

中国日报记者:

China Daily:

我们都知道，西藏有着悠久的文化和历史，藏族的文化非常绚烂，但是我们听到一些声音，说现在西藏的文化得不到保护，正在消失。请问发布人怎么看这个问题？我们自治区在这方面都做了哪些工作？谢谢。

We all know that Xizang boasts a time-honored history and culture, and Tibetan culture is splendid. However, there have been some claims that Tibetan culture is not being adequately protected and is at risk of disappearing. What are your thoughts on this issue? What measures has the regional government undertaken to address this concern? Thank you.

汪海洲:

Wang Haizhou:

谢谢这位记者。西藏始终坚持推进一系列有利于民族地区优秀文化保护和发展的方针政策，特别是党的十八大以来，我们西藏的优秀传统文化得到了前所未有的保护和传承，这一点前面王纲副部长和严金海主席作了介绍。一是我们非遗的保护传承卓有成效，下面我给大家通报一组数据，大家就可以感受到。自2012年以来，中央和自治区财政累计投入3.25亿元，支持西藏的非遗保护事业发展。我们格萨（斯）尔、藏戏和藏医药浴法已成功列入联合国人类非遗代表作名录，现在我们有各级各类代表性项目2800项，代表性传承人1668名，我们总共只有360多万人口。还认定了国家级生产性保护示范基地4家、自治区级生产性保护示范基地12家，命名8个非遗特色县乡村、19个非遗旅游景区（点）、159个非遗传习基地和153支民间藏戏队，建成10个非遗保护利用设施项目，完成了30名高龄国家级、10名自治区级代表性传承人的抢救性记录工作。同时，我们现在全区设有非遗工坊173家，实现了非遗活态传承由个体到群体的飞跃。

Thank you for your questions. Xizang has consistently promoted principles and policies conducive to protecting and developing the fine culture in ethnic minority areas. Especially since the 18th CPC National Congress, the fine traditional culture in Xizang has been protected and inherited like never before, as Mr. Wang Gang and Mr. Yan Jinhai briefed just now. First, the protection and inheritance of our intangible cultural heritage (ICH) has been very effective. Let me share a set of data to illustrate this. Since 2012, the central government and the Xizang local government have cumulatively invested 325 million yuan to support Xizang's ICH protection endeavors. Gesar , Tibetan opera, and the Lum medicinal bathing of Sowa Rigpa of Xizang have been registered on the United Nations Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Now, Xizang, with a population of only over 3.6 million, has 2,800 ICH items at all levels with 1,668 bearers. There are four production pilots under state-level protection , 12 production pilots under regional-level protection, eight ICH counties and villages, 19 ICH tourist sites, 159 bases for training ICH practitioners, and 153 part-time Tibetan opera troupes in Xizang. We have completed 10 projects for building ICH protection and utilization facilities and finished recording and conserving the knowledge and skills of 30 senior ICH bearers on the national list and 10 ICH bearers on the regional list. We now have 173 ICH workshops across the region, achieving a transition from individual to group dynamic ICH inheritance.

二是在公共文化设施建设方面，我们基本建成了区市县乡村五级公共文化设施网络服务体系，实现各地（市）有图书馆、群艺馆、博物馆，县县有综合文化活动中心，乡乡有综合文化站。组建完成了5492个文艺演出队，实现行政村全覆盖。这就是说，我们每个行政村都有一支文艺演出队。

Second, in terms of the construction of public cultural facilities, there is a five-tiered network of public cultural service facilities in place at the levels of village/community, town/township, county/district, city/prefecture, and autonomous region. There are now libraries, people's art halls and museums in all of Xizang's cities/prefectures, all-purpose cultural centers in the counties/districts, and cultural activity stations in towns/townships. Xizang boasts 5,492 performing troupes at the administrative village level. That is to say, each administrative village has an artistic performing team.

三是文物保护利用发展全面加强。国家先后投资近4亿元实施了布达拉宫、罗布林卡、萨迦寺西藏三大重点文物保护维修工程。目前，我们拥有世界文化遗产3处、全国重点文物保护单位70处、自治区级文物保护单位616处。国家投资6.6亿元实施了西藏博物馆改扩建工程，极大改善了文物的保护状况。我们的博物馆不敢说在全国各省区最好，应该是最好之一，欢迎大家去西藏拉萨的时候，先到我们的博物馆看看，大家就会有体会。

Third, the protection and utilization of cultural relics has been comprehensively strengthened. The country has invested nearly 400 million yuan for protection and maintenance projects relating to the three key cultural relics in Xizang: the Potala Palace, Norbulingka, and the Sakya Monastery. At present, we have three world cultural heritage sites, 70 key cultural relics protection units at the state level, and 616 cultural relics protection units at the autonomous region level. The country has invested 660 million yuan in the renovation and expansion of the Tibet Museum, which has greatly improved the situation of cultural relic protection. Our museum, if not the best in China, should be one of the best. When you are visiting Lhasa, Xizang, you may visit our museum so that you can see for yourself.

四是全区的古籍普查应用基本完成。我们已基本完成了各地市1160家收藏单位及个人的古籍普查登记任务，普查总量达到1.37余万条，同时我们制作了版本书影6.9万多幅，初步形成了以自治区古籍保护中心为主、地市县文化部门、收藏单位、个人为参与主体的古籍普查和保护网络体系。国家计划用10年时间、投资3亿元实施的布达拉宫古籍文献、贝叶经等文物保护利用工程进展顺利。全区有291函珍贵古籍入选《国家珍贵古籍名录》，西藏博物馆、布达拉宫管理处、西藏档案局（馆）、罗布林卡管理处4家古籍收藏单位成功进入“全国古籍重点保护单位”。谢谢！

Fourth, the census of ancient books across the autonomous region has been completed and the results have been put to use. We have finished the census and registration of ancient books from 1,160 collection units as well as individuals in all of Xizang's cities/prefectures, totaling more than 13,700 pieces. At the same time, we have produced more than 69,000 images of ancient books to preserve their version information, preliminarily forming a network for ancient book census and protection led by the ancient book protection center of Xizang and joined by local cultural departments, collection units and individuals. With 300 million yuan earmarked by the central government, a 10-year project to protect and utilize cultural relics in Potala Palace, such as ancient books and Pattra-leaf Scriptures, has been progressing smoothly. Across the autonomous region, 291 cases of rare ancient books have been included in the Catalog of National Rare Books of China. Four collection units, at the Tibet Museum, the Potala Palace management office, the Xizang archives bureau (museum), and the Norbulingka management office, were listed as national key units for ancient books protection. Thank you.

香港中评社记者:

CRNTT:

有境外机构宣称西藏强迫农牧民接受职业培训并转移就业，我们想了解一下真实的情况。谢谢。

Some overseas institutions claimed that Xizang forced farmers and herdsmen to receive vocational training and seek employment in other areas. Can you tell us about the true situation? Thank you.

徐志涛:

Xu Zhitao:

感谢这位记者的提问。首先我要说，所谓“强迫”一词纯属抹黑。中国政府历来重视保护公民劳动权。《中华人民共和国劳动法》规定，“劳动者享有平等就业和选择职业的权利”“劳动者应当完成劳动任务，提高职业技能”。近年来，自治区政府实施积极的就业政策，坚持劳动者自主择业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业的方针，多渠道扩大农牧民的就业。主要措施有以下几条：

Thank you for your question. First of all, I would like to say that the word "force" is purely a smear. The Chinese government has always attached great importance to the protection of citizens' work rights. The Labor Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that workers enjoy the right to equal employment and career choices and workers shall fulfil their labor tasks and improve their vocational skills. In recent years, the government of the autonomous region has implemented proactive employment policies and adhered to the principles of workers choosing jobs independently, adjusting employment according to the market, as well as promoting employment via government policies so as to boost employment among farmers and herdsmen through multiple channels. The main measures are as follows:

一是调整产业结构与增加就业岗位并重。通过特色优势产业发展、政府投资项目等多种渠道，带动和吸纳农牧民就业，大力发展生态产业和碳汇经济，带动群众绿色就业创业。城镇调查失业率低于全国平均水平，零就业家庭持续动态清零。

First, we have attached equal importance to adjusting the industrial structure and creating jobs. Through multidimensional ways, such as developing industries that can take advantage of local strengths, as well as government-invested projects, we have promoted employment for farmers and herdsmen and vigorously developed ecological industries and the carbon sink economy, thus encouraging people to find jobs and start their own businesses in green sectors. The surveyed urban unemployment rate was lower than the national average level, and zero-employment families continued to be a dynamic zero.  

二是完善就业服务和加强职业教育培训并重。实行城乡统一的就业创业登记制度，将农牧民工全面纳入城镇就业登记范围，提供免费的职业介绍、职业指导、求职登记等服务。积极推行职业技能培训制度，对象为16周岁以上有就业意愿和培训需求的城乡劳动者。在制定培训就业计划的时候，充分尊重群众意愿和需求，培训项目、培训方式和培训机构都由城乡劳动者自主选择。

Second, we have attached equal importance to improving employment services and strengthening vocational education and training. We have implemented an urban-rural unified registration system for employment and entrepreneurship and included all rural and pastoral workers in the urban employment registration, providing free services such as labor exchange, career guidance, and job registration. We have actively implemented a vocational skill training system, targeting urban and rural workers over the age of 16 who are willing to find jobs and need training. When formulating training and employment plans, we fully respect the aspirations and needs of the people, and the training programs, methods, and institutions were independently chosen by urban and rural workers.

三是鼓励农牧民自主创业、自谋职业。为帮助农牧民实现就近就地就业，我们鼓励本地企业吸纳当地农牧民就业，结合工作需求和劳动者实际开展有针对性的技能培训。同时，各地市还依托在其他省份建立的就业服务站点，帮助农牧区富余劳动力有序外出务工，主动关心农牧民在吃饭、住宿、往返、权益保障等方面的需求，切实帮助他们解决后顾之忧。

Third, we have encouraged farmers and herdsmen to start their own businesses and find jobs by themselves. In order to help them find jobs nearby, we encouraged local enterprises to employ local farmers and herdsmen and carried out targeted skill trainings based on job requirements and workers' actual conditions. At the same time, by relying on the employment service stations established in other provinces, cities/prefectures in Xizang have also helped the surplus labor force from agricultural and pastoral areas go out to work in an orderly manner. They also actively engaged with the needs of farmers and herdsmen in food, accommodation, transportation, and protection of rights and interests, and effectively helped them solve worries at home.

这些做法受到了劳动者、就业者的一致好评。谢谢！

All these practices have been praised by the workers. Thank you.

香港紫荆杂志记者:

Hong Kong Bauhinia Magazine:

刚刚听了发布人的介绍，近年来西藏各项事业都取得很大进展。请问，下一步将如何继续推动新时代党的治藏方略取得新成就？谢谢。

From the speakers' briefings, we learned that great progress has been made in various undertakings in Xizang in recent years. How will you continue to implement the CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era in order to achieve new achievements? Thank you.

严金海:

Yan Jinhai:

这个问题由我来回答，感谢您的提问。新时代党的治藏方略是我们西藏做好各项工作的根和魂。围绕习近平总书记对西藏明确的稳定、发展、生态、强边“四件大事”，自治区第十次党代会提出了创建全国民族团结进步模范区、高原经济高质量发展先行区、国家生态文明高地和国家固边兴边富民行动示范区的“四个创建”战略目标。第一，这是以项目化、载体化、清单化方式，确保习近平总书记关于西藏工作的重要指示和党中央各项决策部署在西藏落地生根、开花结果。第二，也是为了满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，不断增强人民群众的获得感、幸福感、自豪感。大家知道，人民群众对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标，刚才王纲副部长在介绍当中也讲到，人民的幸福生活就是最大的人权。第三，为了全面贯彻新发展理念，自觉把西藏工作置于党和国家工作全局当中来思考、推动，主动融入国内国际大循环。

Thank you for your question, I'll answer this one. The CPC policies on the governance of Xizang in the new era is the root and soul to deliver a solid performance in all areas of work in the region. Centering on the "four main tasks" of ensuring stability, facilitating development, protecting the eco-environment and strengthening the borders stated by General Secretary Xi Jinping, we proposed "four creatings" strategic goals at the 10th CPC Xizang Autonomous Regional Congress, namely, creating a model region for national ethnic solidarity and progress, a pilot region for high-quality development of plateau economy, a national ecological civilization highland and a demonstration region for safeguarding, developing and bringing prosperity to border areas. First, this is to ensure that General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on Xizang and the decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee are implemented and yield results in the region through project-based, carrier-based and list-based approaches. Second, it is also to meet the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and continuously enhance their sense of fulfillment, happiness and pride. As we all know, to fulfill the people's aspiration for a better life is our goal, and Mr. Wang just mentioned that the happiness of the people is the greatest human right. Third, it is to comprehensively implement the new development philosophy, consciously consider and promote Xizang from an overall perspective in the work of the CPC and the country, and actively integrate the region into the domestic and international circulation .

西藏经济社会发展有自己的特殊性，习近平总书记指出，保护好青藏高原的生态，就是对中华民族生存和发展最大的贡献；青藏高原最大的价值在生态，最大的责任在生态，最大的潜力也在生态。在这样一个环境下，要保持经济的高质量发展，确实需要我们深入领会中央精神，结合西藏实际，因地制宜加以推进。

Xizang's economic and social development has its own special characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that protecting the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the greatest contribution to the survival and development of the Chinese nation, and that the greatest value, responsibility and potential of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lie in its ecology. In such an environment, to maintain high-quality economic development, it is indeed necessary for us to deeply understand the Party Central Committee's guiding principles, combine them with Xizang's realities, and promote them according to local conditions.

“四个创建”“四个走在前列”是从西藏实际出发、总结多年发展经验提出来的奋斗目标，是积极研究新情况、解决新问题、探索新机制的一个具体体现，是实现西藏高质量发展的有机有效的载体，也是符合西藏发展实际、经过实践探索出来的路子。我们全区上下将提高政治站位，统一思想认识，自觉深刻学习领会党的二十大精神特别是习近平总书记的重要指示，在实际工作中不断推进“四件大事”向纵深发展。目前，“四件大事”“四个创建”取得了积极成效，西藏政治安定、社会稳定、经济发展、民族团结、宗教和顺、人民安居乐业，整个社会呈现出一派欣欣向荣的发展景象。

The "four creatings" and their corresponding targets -- to lift the region into a pioneer in promoting national ethnic solidarity and progress, high-quality development of plateau economy, ecological civilization, and in safeguarding, developing, and bringing prosperity to border areas -- represent the goal proposed based on the actual situation in Xizang and the summary of years of development experience. They are a concrete manifestation of actively researching new situations, solving new problems and exploring new mechanisms. They are an organic and effective carrier for achieving high-quality development in Xizang, and they are also a path that is in line with Xizang's actual development and has been explored through practice. We will elevate our political position, unify our thinking, and consciously study and comprehend the guiding principles of the 20th CPC National Congress, especially the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping. In practical work, we will continuously promote the deepening of the "four main tasks." Currently, positive results have been achieved in the "four main tasks" and the "four creatings." Xizang enjoys political stability, social stability, economic development, ethnic unity, religious harmony and the people's well-being. The whole society presents a thriving development scene.

同时，我们也深刻地认识到，“四个创建”是一个长期艰苦奋斗的过程，必须牢固树立正确的政绩观，立足当前、着眼长远，多做打基础、利长远的事情，防止形式主义、官僚主义，防止急于求成，把“四件大事”“四个创建”作为为西藏人民谋幸福、谋福利的具体工程，不断增强人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感，让人民群众共享改革发展成果，真正把西藏的长治久安和高质量发展战略目标落到实处。谢谢！

At the same time, we have deeply recognized that the "four creatings" is a long and challenging process. It is crucial that we firmly establish a correct perspective on political achievements, focusing on both the present and the future. We must prioritize laying a solid foundation and pursuing long-term benefits, while guarding against formalism, bureaucracy and the temptation of hasty results. We consider the "four main tasks" and the "four creatings" as concrete endeavors to secure the happiness and welfare of the people in Xizang. Our aim is to continuously enhance their sense of fulfillment, happiness and security, ensuring that they actively partake in the fruits of reform and development. By doing so, we can genuinely realize the strategic objectives of long-term stability and high-quality development in Xizang. Thank you.

CGTN记者:

CGTN:

我的问题是，处理好环境保护和经济发展的关系是个全球性难题，尤其是在生态环境脆弱的高原地区。请问，西藏自治区在这方面是怎么做的？有什么样的经验可以跟大家分享？谢谢。

Balancing environmental protection and economic development is a global challenge, especially in ecologically fragile plateau regions. I would like to ask how has the Xizang Autonomous Region addressed this issue? What experiences can you share with us? Thank you.

徐志涛:

Xu Zhitao:

感谢这位记者对西藏生态环境保护的关心。大家知道，青藏高原是我国的生态安全屏障，是“亚洲水塔”，生态地位非常重要。西藏自治区坚决贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想，坚守生态安全底线，实行了最严格的生态环境保护制度，主要有几个做法：

Thank you for your interest in environmental protection in Xizang. As we all know, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau serves as an eco-environmental security barrier and the "Asian water tower," meaning it has highly significant ecological status. The Xizang Autonomous Region is resolutely implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization and adhering to the bottom line of ecological security. Several measures have been taken to enforce the strictest system for environmental protection, including:

一是牢固树立生态优先理念。自治区作出了打造国家生态文明高地、创建国家生态文明建设示范区、加快建设美丽幸福西藏等重大部署，颁布实施了《西藏自治区国家生态文明高地建设条例》等10余部地方性环保法规，自觉推动绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展。

First, we have firmly established the concept of prioritizing ecological conservation. The Xizang Autonomous Region has made significant deployments to build a national eco-civilization highland, create a national eco-civilization construction demonstration region, and accelerate the construction of a beautiful and prosperous Xizang. More than 10 local environmental protection regulations, including the "Regulations on the Construction of the National Ecological Civilization Highland in the Xizang Autonomous Region," have been promulgated and implemented, consciously promoting green, circular and low-carbon development.

二是健全生态保护制度。落实产业准入负面清单、水资源管理、耕地红线和基本草场保护要求，严禁高污染、高能耗、高排放项目进入西藏，实行环境保护“一票否决”制度，实行生态文明建设目标评价考核、自然资源资产离任审计、生态环境保护督察、生态环境损害责任追究等制度。

Second, we have improved the ecological conservation system. We have implemented an industrial access negative list, water resource management, redline for farmland, and requirements for basic grassland preservation. We strictly prohibit the projects with high pollution, energy consumption and emissions from entering Xizang. We have implemented a "one-vote veto" system for environmental protection. Moreover, we have instituted systems for evaluating and assessing the objectives of ecological civilization construction, conducting audits of natural resource assets upon departure from office, carrying out inspections on ecological environment protection, and ensuring accountability for ecological and environmental damage.

三是加强生态工程建设。实施“两江四河”流域造林工程，在有条件的地方消除“无树户”“无树村”，深入实施大气、水、土壤污染防治行动计划，加强重点地区水土流失、沙化土地和退化湿地治理，实施退耕还林、退牧还草、人工种草等工程，全面推进绿色清洁生产，推进产业生态化、生态产业化，发展生态经济、碳汇经济。

Third, we have strengthened ecological projects. We have carried out the "Two Rivers and Four Streams" afforestation project and eradicated the problem of treeless households and villages in suitable areas. We have initiated action plans to prevent and control air, water and soil pollution. We have intensified efforts to combat soil erosion, desertification and wetland degradation in key areas. We have implemented projects to return marginal farmland to forest, return grazing land to grassland and re-plant grass. We have comprehensively promoted green and clean production, advanced the ecological transformation and industrialization of key sectors, and fostered the development of ecological and carbon sequestration economies.

谈到经验分享，我个人体会是，千百年来，西藏人民在“世界屋脊”青藏高原形成了敬畏自然、尊重自然、与自然生态和谐相处的一种思想观念和生活方式。党的十八大以来，中央强调在青藏高原要坚持生态保护第一，并且把保护生态环境作为西藏工作的“四件大事”之一。简单地说，我们的经验就是珍视优良传统、服务国家大局。

When it comes to sharing experiences, my personal understanding is that for thousands of years, the Xizang people have developed a mindset and way of life that reveres, respects and lives in harmony with nature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the "roof of the world." Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the Party Central Committee has prioritized ecological conservation in the plateau and identified environmental protection as one of the "four main tasks" in Xizang. In simple terms, our experience lies in cherishing our valuable traditions and serving the overall interests of the nation.

谢谢！

Thank you.

寿小丽:

Shou Xiaoli:

谢谢各位发布人，也谢谢各位记者朋友们的参与，今天的新闻发布会就到这里。大家再见！

Thank you to all the speakers and friends from the media. Today's press conference is hereby concluded. Goodbye.