以创新实现共同发展包容发展

Achieving Common and Inclusive Development Through Innovation

——在第三届莫斯科国际创新发展论坛上的演讲

– Speech at the Third Moscow International Forum for Innovative Development

中华人民共和国国务院总理 李克强

H.E. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

2014年10月14日，莫斯科

Moscow, 14 October 2014

尊敬的梅德韦杰夫总理，

各位嘉宾，

女士们，先生们，朋友们：

Your Excellency Prime Minister Dimitry Medvedev,

Distinguished Guests,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Dear Friends,

多布雷金（上午好）！很高兴出席第三届“开放式创新”莫斯科国际创新发展论坛。我代表中国政府，对论坛的召开表示祝贺！

Dobriy den’ (Good morning)! It is a great pleasure to attend the Third Moscow International Forum for Innovative Development “Open Innovations”. I would like to extend, on behalf of the Chinese government, congratulations on the opening of the forum.

创新是人类发展进步的不熄引擎。当今世界正处于大变革、大调整之中，迫切要求更大范围、更深层次的创新。实现这样的创新，墨守成规不行，单打独斗也不行，需要开放、合作与分享。6年前，面对国际金融危机，国际社会同舟共济，避免了危机向纵深蔓延。随着经济全球化、社会信息化的深入推进，更需要各国携起手来，在合作创新中实现知识的倍增、价值的倍增，解决发展的难题，促进共同繁荣。这正是开放式创新的意义所在。

Innovation is the perpetual engine driving development and progress of humanity. The world, which is undergoing major transformation and adjustment, calls for innovations of greater depth at a wider scope. Being fettered by old conventions or relying on one’s own efforts will not lead to such innovations. What we need is openness, cooperation and sharing. When the international financial crisis broke out six years ago, the international community acted by pulling together to prevent the crisis from worsening and spreading. With further progress in economic globalization and IT application, it is even more important for countries to join hands in pursuing cooperative innovation in order to realize a multiplication of knowledge and value, overcome development challenges and achieve common prosperity. This is what open innovation is all about.

开放式创新不仅包括技术领域的创新合作，也包括体制机制的创新、互鉴。当前，新技术推动着全球经济产业格局深度调整，世界经济复苏一波三折。只有把技术创新与结构性改革结合起来，相互促进，全面激发人们的创造创新活力，才能形成世界经济稳定复苏的强劲动力。这也需要各国分享改革创新经验，缩小“创新鸿沟”，实现普惠发展、包容发展。

Open innovation includes not only innovation and cooperation in technology, but also innovation and sharing on systems and institutions. At the moment, new technologies are promoting profound adjustments in the global economic and industrial patterns while the world economic recovery remains a bumpy road. Only when technological innovation and structural reform are combined to form a synergy, and only when the creativity and innovation potential of the people are fully unleashed, can we produce a strong momentum to sustain global economic stability and recovery. During this process, countries need to share experience of reform and innovation, narrow the “innovation gap”, and pursue inclusive development and development for all.

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen,

在中国，人们创新的热情日益高涨。前不久在天津举行的夏季达沃斯论坛，围绕“创新创造价值”的讨论十分热烈。国外朋友经常问我，中国持续发展的秘诀是什么？根本上靠的是中国人民的勤劳加智慧。中国的改革开放，涉及13多亿人，是世界上最大规模的创新活动。通过放开农民土地经营权、改革国有企业、发展民营经济等改革，调动了广大生产经营者的能动性。我们现在很多行之有效的做法和制度，都是人民群众在实践中摸索出来的。正是千千万万人的积极性调动起来了，全社会创造财富的能力才大大增强，人民的日子也就一天天富裕起来。开放也是改革，我们打开大门，不断加大开放力度、提升开放水平，以开放带动改革，使创新能力和竞争力不断得到提升。

In China, people are becoming more and more enthusiastic about innovation. At the Summer Davos held in Tianjin not long ago, there were heated discussions on the theme of creating value through innovation. My foreign friends often ask me, what is the secret behind China’s sustained growth? The answer is the hard work and wisdom of the Chinese people. The reform and opening up of China, involving the more than 1.3 billion people, is an innovation campaign of the largest scale ever in the world. Through such reform measures as empowering the farmers with the land operation rights, reforming the SOEs and developing the private sector, we have fully stimulated the creativity of the multiple players in our economy. Many of our practices and systems, which have proven to be effective, were all established in this process. With the unleashed creativity of tens of millions of the people, the society has gained a stronger capacity to create wealth and the people have become better off. Opening up is also a kind of reform. We have opened up to the world, promoted reform through opening up, and enhanced our innovation capacity and competitiveness through opening up in wider scope and at higher level.

科技在中国发展中起到了“第一生产力”的作用，科技活力的迸发同样源于改革。30多年来，我们不断深化科研机构改革，在加强基础研究的同时，让科技人员进入市场去拼搏、去创造自己的价值，让科技企业在市场竞争中发展壮大，激发了市场和创新的活力。

Science and technology have served as the primary productive force in driving China’s development. A robust scientific and technological sector would not be possible without reform. Over the past 30 years and more, we have deepened reform of science and technology institutions. While strengthening basic research, we have encouraged the scientific and technological personnel to compete in the market and create their own value. In this way, we have developed and grown scientific and technological companies through market competition, and boosted the vigor of the market and innovation.

中国发展取得了巨大成就，但我们清醒地认识到，中国还是最大的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值排在世界80多位，科技水平离发达国家有较大差距，经济正面临提质增效升级，制约发展的体制机制障碍仍然不少。中国要实现更大更好发展，到本世纪中叶进入中等发达国家行列，关键是进一步解放思想，坚持走改革创新之路，把人民群众的创造潜能充分激发出来，使整个社会充满生机活力，形成支撑发展源源不断的动力。

China has made remarkable achievements in development. However, we know clearly that China is still the largest developing country. It still ranks around the 80th in the world in terms of per capita GDP, and lags far behind developed countries in science and technology. The quality and efficiency of the economy is in the process of improving, and there remain quite some systemic and institutional obstacles that stand in the way of development. China needs to achieve faster and better growth to become a moderately developed country by the middle of this century. What is crucial is to further free our mind, persist in reform and innovation, and unleash the creativity of the people so that the whole society will be full of vigor and vitality, providing a reservoir of energy that propels development.

第一，破除束缚创新的壁垒。我们正在致力于建设“创新型政府”，首要的事情就是简政放权，这实际上是给市场让出空间，降低市场准入门槛。一年多来，中央政府各部门取消和下放了600多项行政审批事项。今年3月工商登记制度改革后，新设立企业“井喷式”增长。我们强力推进改革，就是要减少对创新活动的干预，让想创业、能创新的人都有机会、可作为，形成“大众创业、万众创新”的局面。这样可以把人口红利转化为人才红利，让改革成为富民的改革，让创新成为惠民的创新，实现人的全面发展、社会公平发展、经济可持续发展。

First, remove the barriers that constrain innovation. We are committed to building a pro-innovation government, and the top priority is to streamline administration and delegate government powers. This, in fact, has given more room to the market and lowered the threshold of market access. For the past year and more, central government departments have removed or delegated to lower levels administrative approval on over 600 items. The business registration reform introduced last March triggered a massive surge in the number of newly established businesses. Through vigorous reform, we hope to reduce intervention in innovation, so that everyone with the willingness and ability to create and innovate will have the chance to succeed, leading to a situation of entrepreneurship and innovation by all. This way, we can turn China’s demographic dividend into talent dividend, and ensure that reform and innovation are pursued to enrich and benefit the people. This, in turn, will enable us to deliver all-round development for the people, and promote the development of an equitable society and a sustainable economy.

第二，构建激励创新的机制。我们将加快科技体制改革，完善科技成果处置和收益分配机制，实施股权期权等激励政策，给创新者更大自主支配权，让创造发明者获得应有回报。需要说明的是，在中国境内依法经营的企业都享有国民待遇，外资企业开展研发享受同等的优惠政策，创新的产品同样是中国创造，其品牌也是中国的品牌。我们还将建立全覆盖的社会保障和救助制度，这样创业创新者即使失败，也有一张“安全网”能够兜住底，使创新失败者反思后能够进行新的创业。

Second, put in place mechanisms that encourage innovation. We will accelerate the reform of the science and technology system, improve the mechanism of R&D outcome utilization and proceeds distribution, and apply incentive policies such as equity and options so that innovators will have more autonomy in their research and inventors will get their fair share of reward. It should be underscored that all law-abiding businesses operating in China will receive national treatment. Foreign businesses enjoy the same preferential policies in their R&D activities. Their innovations are equally deemed “Created in China” products and their brands Chinese brands. We will also put in place social security and assistance systems covering the entire population so that all entrepreneurs and innovators will have a “safety net” to fall back on if and when they fail, and those who fail in innovation may reflect on themselves and start new entrepreneurial endeavors.

第三，营造保护创新的环境。中国致力于建设对创业创新者最具吸引力的国度，吸引力不仅来自巨大的市场需求，更来自完善的法制、规范的市场环境、包容的文化氛围。中国政府不断加大知识产权保护力度，坚决打击侵权假冒等行为。保护知识产权就是保护创新的火种，保护公平竞争的市场秩序。从根本上讲，公平竞争、诚信经营有利于中外企业持续健康发展。

Third, create an environment that protects innovation. China is committed to turning itself into the most attractive country for innovation and entrepreneurship, a country that offers a huge market demand, and more importantly, a sound legal system, a well-regulated market and an inclusive culture. The Chinese government has made continuous efforts to strengthen IPR protection and combat IPR infringements, fake and counterfeit products and other illegal acts. Protecting intellectual property is protecting the seedling of innovation and the market order of fair competition. Ultimately, fair competition and honest business operation can help both Chinese and foreign companies achieve sustained and sound development.

第四，打造创新驱动型经济。中国人常说：不破不立。在中国，传统的粗放型增长方式行不通了，实现经济高质量、高效益、节能环保的增长，必须转到创新驱动的轨道上来。我们支持企业创新技术、创新管理、创新业态，加快创新成果转化为现实生产力，用创新的办法挖掘巨大的内需潜力，突破能源资源和环境瓶颈制约，促进服务业、高技术产业和新兴产业发展，推进结构优化升级，实现经济“化茧成蝶”。

Fourth, cultivate an innovation-driven economy. As we Chinese often say, there is no making without breaking. The traditional way of extensive growth is no longer viable for China. To realize quality, efficient, energy-saving and environment-friendly growth of the Chinese economy, it is imperative to pursue growth driven by innovation. We support companies in making innovation in technologies, management and forms of business, and translating innovation outcomes into actual productivity at a faster pace. We will unlock the huge potential of domestic demand through innovation, remove the bottleneck of energy, resource and environment constraints, promote development of the service, high-tech and emerging sectors, and optimize and upgrade the economic structure, in order to achieve leapfrog development of the Chinese economy.

中国的创新是开放的创新。我们不可能关起门来搞创新，愿意同一切有真诚意愿的政府、机构和企业开展互利共赢的创新合作。中国无论发展到什么阶段，都需要与各国取长补短、互学互鉴，引进先进技术、管理经验和人才，永远做开放的大国、学习的大国、创新的大国。

The innovation that China seeks is open innovation. We cannot possibly pursue innovation behind closed doors, and we stand ready to engage with all governments, institutions and businesses with a genuine interest in win-win cooperation. No matter how developed it becomes, China will always need to draw upon the strengths of other countries and keep introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and talents from others. And China will always be a major country committed to learning, to opening up and to encouraging innovation.

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen,

中俄互为最大邻邦，双方关系在高水平上保持着良好发展态势。今年5月习近平主席与普京总统共同签署了《中俄关于全面战略协作伙伴关系新阶段的联合声明》。昨天我与梅德韦杰夫总理共同主持了中俄总理第十九次定期会晤，取得了丰硕成果。中俄合作是长期、稳定、全方位的合作，两国创新创业潜力巨大。新的阶段双方加大相互支持、扩大相互开放、深化相互合作，有利于各自发展振兴，有利于世界繁荣稳定。

As each other’s biggest neighbors, China and Russia have maintained the momentum of sound growth of bilateral relations at a high level. Last May, President Xi Jinping and President Putin signed the China-Russia Joint Statement on a New Stage of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership of Coordination. Yesterday, Prime Minister Medvedev and I co-chaired the 19th regular meeting of the prime ministers of the two countries, which produced rich results. China-Russia cooperation is steady, comprehensive and will continue well into the future. This points to huge potential for innovation and entrepreneurship in the two countries. In the new stage, China and Russia will provide stronger mutual support, open wider to each other, and take cooperation into greater depth. This will not only help the development and rejuvenation of each of our two countries, but also contribute to world prosperity and stability.

中俄是具有悠久历史的大国，积淀了深厚的文化底蕴。这种底蕴中，富有创新创造的因子。俄罗斯民族诞生了许多享誉世界的科学家、文学家、音乐家，中华文明在世界上产生了重要影响。两国同为科技大国，中国正在大力推进创新驱动发展战略，这与俄罗斯以创新为核心的现代化战略相互契合。两国都视对方发展为自己的机遇，创新合作具备天时、地利、人和，无论广度还是深度都大有潜力。把科技创新、文化创意、文明互鉴结合起来，把中方的产业、资金、市场优势与俄方的资源、科技和人才优势结合起来，会产生聚合效应，燃起创新的烈烈火炬。

Both China and Russia have time-honored histories and profound cultures, which provides a rich source for innovation and creation. The Russian nation had produced many world-renowned scientists, writers and musicians, and the Chinese civilization had exerted a significant influence in the world. China and Russia are both strong in science and technology. China is pursuing the strategy of innovation-driven development, which has a lot in common with Russia’s innovation-centered modernization strategy. The two countries both see the development of the other as its own opportunity. All this provides the favorable environment, conditions and popular support for cooperation in innovation, which holds out great potential for broadening and deepening such cooperation. When scientific innovation and cultural creation are pursued in the context of mutual learning between civilizations, and when China’s advantages in industry, financial resources and market are combined with Russia’s advantages in resources, science and technology and talents, it will generate a strong multiplying effect and spark a wildfire of innovation.

中俄已经在诸多领域开展了创新合作，但有条件达到更高水平。为此，我提几点倡议：

China and Russia have conducted innovation cooperation in many areas, and are well placed to take such cooperation to a higher level. To this end, I wish to make the following proposals.

一是做强战略性大项目合作。中俄已在能源资源、航空航天、信息通讯、节能环保等领域实施了一批重大合作项目，双方可以再论证和实施一批新项目，同时创新合作方式，通过联合研发、联合制造、联合推广应用等，共同推进创新成果产业化和开拓第三方市场。中国相关装备在性价比上有竞争优势，愿积极参与俄高铁、铁路升级改造等基础设施建设，实现互利共赢。双方能源合作取得了突破性进展，下一步应超越单纯的买卖关系，推动相互持股，促进上下游一体化，使合作迈上新台阶。

First, strengthen cooperation in major projects of strategic significance. China and Russia have implemented a host of major cooperation projects in energy, resources, aviation, space, information technology, telecommunications, energy conservation and environmental protection. As we study and implement new projects, we may also explore innovative models of cooperation and work together to commercialize innovation outcomes and explore market opportunities in third countries through joint R&D, joint manufacturing and joint application promotion. Given China’s advantage of competitive yet inexpensive equipment in a number of sectors, we are willing to take an active part in Russia’s infrastructure development in high-speed railway and railway upgrading for win-win results. Our two sides have made breakthroughs in energy cooperation. Going forward, we need to move beyond the buyer-seller relationship and push for cross-holding of shares and upper- and lower-stream integration, so that our cooperation will reach a new height.

二是做深民间和区域对接合作。双方应深化人文交流，加强科研机构、高校、学术组织等协作。两国间已建立了100多对友好省（州）和城市，合作潜力有待深度挖掘。中国的东北地区懂俄语的人很多，俄罗斯远东地区的民众对中国也很熟悉，把中国的东北振兴、西部开发与俄罗斯的远东开发结合起来，能够有更大的作为。双方可以共建一批联合创新区，中国鼓励中方企业到俄投资兴业，也欢迎俄方企业到中国创业发展。

Second, deepen cooperation between non-governmental institutions and at sub-national levels. We need to strengthen people-to-people exchanges and enhance the collaboration between research institutions, universities and academic organizations. Our two countries have over 100 pairs of sister provinces and cities, the cooperation potential of which is yet to be fully tapped. In northeast China, many people speak Russian, and people in the Far East of Russia are also familiar with China. There is a lot more we could achieve by aligning China’s efforts to revitalize its northeast and develop its west with Russia’s drive to develop its Far East. The two sides may also work together to build joint innovation zones. China encourages its businesses to invest in Russia, and we also welcome Russian enterprises to grow their business in China.

三是做活支持中小企业合作的方式。千千万万科技型中小企业是创新发展的生力军，需要得到更多便利、灵活、可及的支持。双方在投融资、本币结算、中介服务等方面，应重点向他们倾斜，比如设立市场化的风险投资机制、建立技术产权场外交易市场等，为中小企业创新构建“绿色通道”。

Third, explore creative ways to support SME cooperation. The hundreds of thousands of SMEs in science and technology are an important driver for innovation. They need more convenient, flexible and accessible support. We need to better accommodate their needs in investment, financing, local currency settlement and intermediary services. For instance, we could build a “green channel” for SME innovation through the establishment of market-based venture capital systems and over-the-counter markets for technological property rights.

四是做实创新合作的促进机制。机制对加深合作具有持久作用。双方应以此次伙伴国论坛为契机，就政策创新、投资环境等建立对话和协商机制，同时建立企业、社会组织等多层面合作机制，为打造创新合作的新亮点提供更广阔平台。

Fourth, substantiate the mechanisms for facilitating innovation cooperation. Well-established mechanisms can help sustain and deepen cooperation. We should take this forum as an opportunity to put in place dialogue and coordination mechanisms on policy innovation, investment environment and other issues, and establish a multi-tiered cooperation mechanism that involves businesses and social organizations, in order to provide a bigger platform for the cultivation of new highlights in our innovation cooperation.

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen,

青年人最富创新梦想和激情。这里，我向俄罗斯和各国青年发出邀请，欢迎大家参加明年举办的中国创新创业大赛，展示自己的才华。明年中俄还将举办青年交流年活动，中国政府将给予大力支持。

The young people are the most passionate about innovation. Here, I stand to invite the young people from Russia and other countries to the China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition next year, where you will have an opportunity to present your talent to the world. Next year is the Year of China-Russia Youth Exchange, and the Chinese government will give full support to the relevant activities.

这个论坛是聚焦创新的论坛，我们寄予更多的期待，期待今天智慧碰撞的火花，明天变成合作发展的蓝图，后天结出互利共赢的硕果。

As this is a forum themed on innovation, it gives us more reasons to hope for the future. We hope the spark of wisdom generated today will be turned into a blueprint for cooperation tomorrow and yield the fruits of win-win progress in the days beyond.

最后祝本届论坛圆满成功！斯巴细巴（谢谢）！

To conclude, I wish this forum a full success. Spasiba (Thank you)!