北京APEC会议：通向亚太伙伴关系的里程碑

Beijing APEC: A Milestone for Asia-Pacific Partnership

王毅

Wang Yi

11月10日至11日，亚太经合组织（APEC）第二十二次领导人非正式会议在北京召开，世界的目光再次聚焦亚太，聚焦中国，聚焦北京。中国国家主席习近平与其他APEC成员的领导人和代表一道，在雁栖湖畔共商APEC未来前景，规划亚太发展大计。会议和谐顺利，成果丰硕，展现了各方推进亚太合作的信心、雄心和决心，展现了中国领导人运筹多双边外交的卓越能力，展现了中国参与国际地区事务的积极姿态和负责任的大国作用。国际社会好评如潮，认为北京会议是一次继往开来的历史性盛会，印象美好，印记深刻。

With the 22nd Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic Leaders’ Meeting being held in Beijing from November 10 to 11, 2014, the worlda once again turned its attention to the Asia-Pacific region, to China, and to Beijing. Chinese President Xi Jinping joined the leaders and representatives of other APEC members on the shores of Yanqi Lake in Beijing to discuss the future of APEC and the overall development of the Asia-Pacific region. As a harmonious, productive, and highly fruitful gathering, the Beijing APEC meeting displayed the confidence, ambition, and determination of its participants in promoting Asia-Pacific cooperation; showcased the outstanding ability of China’s leadership for bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, and demonstrated China’s positive attitude towards international and regional affairs as well as its role as a major country with a strong sense of responsibility. The meeting received an overwhelmingly positive response from the international community, with many observers calling it a historic and highly impressive event that built on past achievements and paved the way for future progress.

一、APEC对世界和亚太至关重要，世界对北京APEC会议充满期待

I. The world greeted the 2014 Beijing APEC meeting with high expectations, bearing testament to the crucial role that APEC plays in world and Asia-Pacific development.

今年是APEC成立25周年。25年前，亚太地区的12个国家创立这一新的多边机制，联通太平洋沿岸国家，对接新兴与发达经济体，让“亚太”从地理概念演变为一个全球举足轻重的经济合作体。2013年，APEC成员人口合计占全球的40%，GDP和贸易额分别占全球的57%和46%。全球前20大经济体，APEC占据9席。亚太是最具增长活力和发展潜力的地缘经济板块，也是公认的世界经济增长引擎。

The year 2014 marks the 25th anniversary of APEC. Founded in 1989 by 12 Asia-Pacific countries, this multilateral mechanism has connected countries along the Pacific Rim and linked emerging economies with developed ones, gradually transforming “Asia-Pacific” from a mere geographical concept into a pivotal body for economic cooperation. By 2013, APEC members accounted for 40% of the world’s population, 57% of the world’s GDP, and 46% of the world’s trade volume. Moreover, of the world’s 20 largest economies, 9 are APEC members. As the most dynamic and promising geo-economic region in the world at present, the Asia-Pacific region is widely regarded as an engine for world economic growth.

APEC翻开了全球区域经济合作的新篇章。25年来，APEC成员扩大到21个，从部长级升格为领导人级，成为本地区覆盖面最广、代表性最强、级别最高的合作机制。《茂物宣言》发表以来20年中，亚太地区平均关税水平降低12个百分点，区域总贸易额提升7倍，贸易和投资自由化、便利化进步显著。APEC每年在30个领域开展近200项务实合作项目，为促进区域经济合作发挥了重要作用，也帮助发展中成员加强了能力建设。

APEC has opened up a new chapter in regional economic cooperation. Since its establishment, APEC’s membership has grown from 12 to 21, while participation at its meetings has been elevated from ministers to national or regional leaders. APEC has become the broadest, most representative, and highest-level mechanism for economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. Since the adoption of the Bogor Declaration in 1994, tariffs in the region have fallen by 12 percentage points on average, the total volume of trade has increased seven-fold, and remarkable progress has been made in the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment. Each year, APEC carries out almost 200 practical cooperation projects in 30 different domains. These projects play an important role in promoting regional economic cooperation, and have also helped to build the capacity of APEC economies.

APEC秉持自主自愿、协商一致的合作原则，培育亚太大家庭精神和命运共同体意识，坚持贸易投资自由化和经济技术合作“两轮驱动”，倡导亚太互联互通、全球价值链和供应链合作，引领世界经济的一些前沿课题，为区域一体化提供新鲜思路。APEC成立后的25年中，一批地区合作机制雨后春笋般发展起来，与APEC共同组成活力四射、共生互补的区域合作网络。

Following the principles of independent and voluntary cooperation on the basis of consultation and consensus, APEC strives to foster a “family spirit” and community of common destiny in the Asia-Pacific region. APEC remains committed to propelling progress through “two wheels” – trade and investment liberalization and economic and technical cooperation – and advocates connectivity in the Asia-Pacific region as well as cooperation in global value and supply chains. As a leading authority on many cutting-edge issues in the world economy, APEC has provided new ideas for the advancement of regional economic integration. Following the establishment of APEC, a number of other mechanisms for regional economic cooperation have emerged and flourished in rapid succession. Together with APEC, these mechanisms have formed a highly vibrant and mutually complementary network for regional economic cooperation.

当今世界正经历新一轮动荡，热点问题此起彼伏，经济复苏任重道远。亚太形势总体稳定，经济充满活力，是世界稳定和繁荣之基。但亚太也面临挑战和风险，不少经济体经济转型升级和结构调整任务艰巨，增长内生动力不足，有的还面临中等收入陷阱风险。APEC见证了亚太发展的历史成就，亚太发展也期待APEC承担新的历史使命。亚太各方亟须以互信、包容、合作、共赢的精神，紧紧抓住发展机遇，妥善应对挑战分歧，推动亚太区域合作再上新台阶。

As the world experiences a new phase of turbulence and hotspot issues come and go in close succession, economic recovery remains a daunting challenge. The Asia-Pacific region, in contrast to other regions, has enjoyed overall stability and robust economic growth, becoming an anchor of world stability and prosperity. Yet it too faces risks and challenges. Many Asia-Pacific economies face the daunting task of economic transformation and restructuring. Moreover, lacking internal impetus for growth, certain economies even risk falling into the “middle-income trap” (MIT). APEC has borne witness to the historic achievements of Asia-Pacific’s development. Now, the Asia-Pacific region hopes that APEC will shoulder a new historic mission in developing the region. In keeping with the principles of mutual trust, inclusiveness, and win-win cooperation, it is imperative that APEC economies seize opportunities for development, address challenges and differences, and take regional cooperation to an all new level.

二、APEC需要中国，中国也需要APEC

II. APEC needs China, and China needs APEC.

APEC开启了中国与亚太关系的新时代。1991年中国加入APEC，成为中国对外开放和APEC发展进程中的一件大事。自那时起中国加快融入亚太，并于2001年成功举办上海APEC会议。2013年，中国10大贸易伙伴中有8个是APEC成员，中国与APEC成员的贸易额占对外贸易总额的60%。中国实际利用外资的83%和对外投资的69%是与APEC成员之间进行的。

APEC opened a new chapter in China’s relations with the Asia-Pacific region. China’s entry into APEC in 1991 was a milestone in both the opening up of China and the development of APEC. From then on, China began to step up the pace of its integration into the Asia-Pacific region. In 2001, China successfully hosted the APEC meeting in Shanghai. In 2013, APEC members accounted for 8 of China’s 10 largest trading partners, with trade with APEC economies accounting for 60% of the country’s total foreign trade. In the same year, as much as 83% of utilized foreign direct investment (FDI) in China came from APEC members, while 69% of China’s outbound investment went to them.

与此同时，亚太和APEC也日益倚重中国。APEC成立时的1989年，中国GDP和对外贸易额占世界的比重分别只有2.4%和1.6%，2013年跃升为12.7%和10%。中国已成为许多APEC成员最大的贸易伙伴、吸引直接投资和游客的主要来源地。据国际货币基金组织测算，中国对亚洲经济增长的贡献率已超过50%，中国经济每增长1个百分点，就将拉动亚洲经济增长0.3个百分点。中国与亚太已经结成同舟共济的命运共同体。

At the same time, the Asia-Pacific region and APEC have increasingly come to rely on China. When APEC was founded in 1989, China accounted for just 2.4% of the global GDP and 1.6% of the world trade volume. By 2013, these figures had increased to 12.7% and 10% respectively. China has become the largest trade partner of many APEC members, as well as a major source of their foreign direct investment (FDI) and tourists. According to calculations by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), China is now responsible for more than 50% of Asia’s economic growth, with each percentage point of growth in China bringing about 0.3 percentage points of growth in Asia. These figures show that China and the Asia-Pacific region have become a close-knit community of common destiny.

过去一年来，中国与APEC各成员密切沟通，对北京会议的主题、议题、成果等作出精心设计，积极发出中国声音，提出中国方案，贡献中国智慧。在北京APEC会议100多项新合作倡议中，半数以上为中国提出。中国在民主透明、充分协商的基础上，将“共建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系”定为会议主题，将“推动区域经济一体化”、“促进经济创新发展、改革与增长”、“加强全方位基础设施与互联互通建设”定为三大重点议题。这些设计顺应了亚太及世界经济发展的潮流，契合了亚太各国的共同需求，得到了APEC成员的欢迎和支持。

During the year of preparations leading up to the Beijing APEC meeting, China worked in close coordination with all APEC members, meticulously preparing the themes, topics, and intended outcomes of the meeting. This role gave China the chance to voice its opinions, present its solutions, and contribute its wisdom. Of the 100-plus proposals tabled at the Beijing APEC meeting, more than half were introduced by China. Following a thoroughly democratic and transparent process of consultation, China identified “Shaping the Future through Asia-Pacific Partnership” as the theme of the meeting, and “advancing regional economic integration,” “promoting innovative development, economic reform and growth,” and “strengthening comprehensive connectivity and infrastructure development” as its three major priorities. This agenda was welcomed by other APEC members for reflecting the trends of economic development in Asia-Pacific and the world and conforming to the common needs of Asia-Pacific economies.

三、北京APEC会议实现了共同构建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系、共同打造开放型亚太经济格局、共同规划APEC未来发展方向三大目标

III. The Beijing APEC made real progress towards three major goals: shaping the future through Asia-Pacific partnership; building an open economy in the Asia-Pacific; and planning the future development of APEC.

会议发表了《APEC第二十二次领导人非正式会议宣言——北京纲领：构建融合、创新、互联的亚太》和《APEC成立25周年声明——共建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系》等一系列重要合作倡议。具体成果有：

The Beijing APEC meeting issued a series of important proposals on cooperation, including “The 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’ Declaration – Beijing Agenda for an Integrated, Innovative and Interconnected Asia-Pacific” and the “Statement on the 25th Anniversary of APEC – Shaping the Future through Asia-Pacific Partnership.” The concrete outcomes of the meeting were as follows:

一是启动亚太自贸区进程，引领后茂物时代亚太合作新方向。实现亚太自贸区是APEC领导人早已确立的共识和愿景，有利于进一步整合本地区各种双多边合作机制，尽可能减少各类自贸安排可能带来的重叠化、碎片化风险。经过中方与APEC成员的协调，北京会议通过了《APEC推动实现亚太自贸区路线图》，就启动亚太自贸区进程达成重要共识，发出提升区域一体化水平的明确信号，为2020年茂物目标实现后亚太经济合作指明了方向。

First, the Beijing APEC meeting resolved to advance the process towards the eventual realization of the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP), thereby defining a new direction for Asia-Pacific cooperation after the accomplishment of the Bogor Goals.

The realization of FTAAP is a long-standing consensus and vision of APEC leaders. The establishment of FTAAP will help to further consolidate the various bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms in the region and guard against risks brought about by the overlapping and fragmentation of various free trade arrangements. Through coordination between China and other APEC members, the Beijing APEC meeting endorsed the Beijing Roadmap for APEC’s Contribution to the Realization of the FTAAP, arriving at an important consensus on launching the process of establishing the FTAAP. This sent out a clear signal that APEC will seek to further upgrade regional economic integration in the future, and pointed out a clear direction for Asia-Pacific economic cooperation following the realization of Bogor Goals in 2020.

二是制定经济创新发展、改革与增长共识，为亚太发展挖掘新动力。转方式、调结构、稳增长、促改革是APEC成员的共同任务。北京会议深入讨论了经济改革、新经济、创新增长、包容性支持、城镇化五大支柱，深化了跨越中等收入陷阱、互联网经济、城镇化、蓝色经济等前沿领域的合作。会议制定并通过《APEC经济创新发展、改革与增长共识》和《APEC促进全球价值链发展合作战略蓝图》，引领了时代潮流，拓展了合作领域，将对亚太未来发展思维和发展模式产生深远影响。《北京反腐败宣言》是第一份由中方倡导、起草并获通过的国际反腐败文件，成功建立APEC反腐败执法合作网络，推动国际追逃追赃合作，为亚太经济增长提供保障。

Second, the Beijing APEC meeting formulated an accord on innovative development, economic reform, and growth with a view to providing new impetus for development in the Asia-Pacific region.

Transforming growth models, restructuring economies, fostering steady growth, and promoting reform are the common tasks of APEC members. The Beijing APEC meeting carried out in-depth discussions on economic reform, new economy, innovative growth, inclusive support, and urbanization, which constitute the five pillars of cooperation among APEC members, and cemented deeper cooperation in areas such as overcoming the “middle-income trap” (MIT), Internet economy, urbanization, and blue economy. Spearheading contemporary trends and broadening the scope of APEC cooperation, the Beijing APEC meeting formulated and endorsed the APEC Accord on Innovative Development, Economic Reform and Growth and the APEC Strategic Blueprint for Promoting Global Value Chain Development and Cooperation, which are set to have a major bearing on the thinking and model of Asia-Pacific development in the future. The meeting also endorsed the Beijing Declaration on Fighting Corruption - the first international anti-corruption document to be proposed and drafted by China – and successfully established the APEC Network of Anti-Corruption Authorities and Law Enforcement Agencies (ACT-NET), designed to promote cooperation on the repatriation or extradition of corrupt officials and the confiscation and recovery of corruption proceeds. The introduction of these initiatives will help to provide a guarantee for Asia-Pacific economic growth.

三是着力联动发展，构建全方位、多层次复合型亚太互联互通新格局。着眼于打造发展创新、增长联动、利益融合的开放型亚太经济格局，北京会议通过了《APEC互联互通蓝图》，为亚太长远发展提供了有力保障，增强了亚太全球增长引擎作用。这是国际上第一份中国倡导、起草并获通过的互联互通蓝图，确立了2025年前在APEC内实现硬件、软件和人员交流互联互通的远景目标。

Third, the Beijing APEC meeting decided to push forward comprehensive connectivity in Asia-Pacific region, with a focus on promoting multi-level interconnected growth.

In a bid to build an open economy in the Asia-Pacific featuring innovative development, interconnected growth, and shared interests, the Beijing APEC meeting endorsed the APEC Connectivity Blueprint for 2015-2025, which aims to provide a strong guarantee for the long-term development of the Asia-Pacific region and bolster the position of the Asia-Pacific as an engine for world economic growth. The Blueprint – the first international document on connectivity ever proposed and drafted by China – has established the overarching goal of strengthening physical, institutional, and people-to-people connectivity by 2025.

APEC会议前，中国举办了“加强互联互通伙伴关系对话会”，邀请非APEC成员的周边友好邻国领导人和一些国际组织负责人与会。习近平主席全面阐述了中国对推进互联互通和“一带一路”建设的主张，宣布将成立丝路基金，得到与会各方热情响应，会议发表了《联合新闻公报》。这是中国作为APEC会议东道主的自选动作，立意高远，定位准确，操作得当，体现了中国对亚洲互联互通和“一带一路”的引领作用，既是对APEC会议的支持、铺垫和补充，也践行了中国“亲、诚、惠、容”的周边外交理念。

Prior to the opening of the Beijing APEC meeting, China hosted the Dialogue on Strengthening Connectivity Partnership. The heads of certain international organizations and the leaders of neighboring countries that were not APEC members were invited to participate. At the dialogue, President Xi Jinping explained in detail China’s proposals to promote connectivity and build a Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (“One Belt and One Road”). This was followed by the announcement that China would establish a Silk Road Fund. The dialogue, which culminated in the issuance of a Joint Press Communiqué, was met with a highly positive response from participants. China took the initiative to hold the dialogue in the capacity as the host of the 2014 APEC meeting. As a well-positioned and well-executed meeting with goals extending well into the future, the dialogue served to highlight China’s leading role in promoting connectivity and building the “One Belt and One Road.” It not only supported, complemented, and paved the way for the Beijing APEC meeting, but also put into practice the principles of “affinity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness” that China observes in its diplomatic initiatives concerning neighboring countries.

四、北京APEC会议是中国特色大国外交的重要实践，将进一步促进中国的改革开放

IV. As an important exercise in China’s major country diplomacy, the Beijing APEC meeting has further promoted China’s reform and opening up.

作为亚太大家庭的重要一员，中国历来把促进亚太繁荣稳定视为己任，致力于在地区事务中发挥建设性作用。以习近平同志为总书记的党中央，在继承新中国外交大政方针和优良传统基础上，更加积极主动地把中国机遇和世界机遇相互转化，更加积极进取地在国际和地区事务中发挥负责任大国作用。这是新形势下中国外交的鲜明特点，也是我们亚太外交政策的基本取向。

As an important member of the Asia-Pacific community, China has always viewed promoting Asia-Pacific prosperity and stability as its responsibility, and has remained committed to playing a constructive role in regional affairs. Building on the key principles, major policies, and fine traditions of Chinese diplomacy since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping as General Secretary has worked more actively to convert China’s opportunities into international opportunities and vice-versa, and more assertively to play China’s regional and international role as a major country with a strong sense of responsibility. These endeavors not only represent a distinctive feature of China’s diplomacy under a new situation, but also constitute the basic orientation of China’s diplomatic policies in the Asia-Pacific region.

中国致力于建设和平稳定的新亚太。中国身处亚太，亚太地区的和平稳定与中国国家利益息息相关。为了维护亚太地区的和平稳定，我们提出构建中美新型大国关系，探索不同类型大国间不冲突不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢的交往模式。我们倡导共同、综合、合作、可持续的亚洲安全观，期望构建符合本地区需要，为各国普遍接受，同时具有开放、稳定特征的安全合作架构。我们积极倡导多边主义，践行国际法治，推动热点问题和平解决，例如近期主办阿富汗问题伊斯坦布尔进程第四次外长会，发表了《北京宣言》。

China is committed to building a new Asia-Pacific of peace and stability.

As an Asia-Pacific country, China’s has a strong stake in the peace and stability of the Asia-Pacific region. With a view to safeguarding peace and stability in the region, China has proposed the establishment of a new type of major country relationship between China and the United States, seeking a model for engagement between various major countries that is characterized by non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect, and mutually beneficial cooperation. China also advocates common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security for Asia, and hopes to foster an open and stable framework for security cooperation that suits the needs of the region and is universally accepted by its members. In addition, China advocates multilateralism, calls for law-based international governance, and promotes the peaceful resolution of hotspot issues. For instance, Beijing hosted the Fourth Ministerial Conference of Istanbul Process on Afghanistan in 2014, which led to the adoption of the Beijing Declaration.

中国致力于建设合作繁荣的新亚太。中国的发展得益于亚太地区的繁荣稳定，我们也愿意使中国的发展成果更多惠及地区国家。为此我们不断深化同亚太国家的互利合作，一道编织更加紧密的共同利益网络。我们将国内发展与对外开放结合起来，将自身利益与亚太成员共同利益结合起来。多年来，无论是10+1、10+3还是东亚峰会、大湄公河次区域合作等机制，中国都是重要参与者和积极贡献方。

China is committed to building a new Asia-Pacific of cooperation and prosperity.

China has benefited from a prosperous and stable Asia-Pacific region, and hopes that other Asia-Pacific economies can benefit more from China’s development. To this end, China has continued to deepen its mutually beneficial cooperation with other Asia-Pacific members, joining them in a concerted effort to build a more closely-knit network of common interests for the region. It has tied its domestic development with its opening up to the outside world, and aligned its own interests with the common interests of Asia-Pacific economies. For many years, China has been an important participant of and contributor to numerous regional cooperation mechanisms, including ASEAN Plus China, ASEAN Plus Three, the East Asia Summit (EAS), and the Great Mekong Subregion Cooperation (GMS).

中国致力于建设开放包容的新亚太。中国共产党十八届三中全会提出构建开放型经济新体制，扩大同各国各地区利益的汇合点，以周边为基础加快实施自贸区战略。中国致力于自身进一步开放，维护和发展开放型的世界经济和亚太经济，也希望亚太各方坚持开放的区域主义。我们支持东盟在地区合作中发挥主导作用，欢迎域外国家在本地区发挥建设性作用。去年以来，习近平主席代表中方提出建设丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路、筹建亚洲基础设施投资银行和丝路基金等一系列重大对外合作构想，首要合作伙伴就是周边和亚太各国，首要受益对象也是周边和亚太各国。这些构想完全是开放的，与包括APEC在内的一切现有合作机制决非相互竞争，而是相辅相成、相互补充，必将为进一步完善亚太区域合作网络，为亚太持续繁荣与发展注入新的动力。

China is committed to building a new Asia-Pacific of openness and inclusiveness.

The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee resolved that China needs to lay down a new system for an open economy, increase the convergence of interests with other countries and regions, and accelerate the implementation of a free trade zone strategy that takes free trade with neighboring countries as its basis. China remains committed to opening up further to the outside world, and to safeguarding and developing an open world economy and open Asia-Pacific economy. At the same time, it hopes that other APEC economies will remain committed to open regionalism. China supports ASEAN centrality in regional cooperation and welcomes the constructive participation of countries from outside the region. Since 2013, President Xi Jinping has introduced a series of major cooperation initiatives on behalf of China, such as the establishment of the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the founding of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the establishment of a Silk Road Fund. China’s primary partners in these initiatives will be our neighbors and other Asia-Pacific economies, and they are also the ones who stand to benefit the most. These initiatives are completely open and inclusive. They are meant to complement, not compete with APEC and other existing cooperation mechanisms. Consequently, they are certain to provide new impetus for the improvement of an Asia-Pacific cooperation network and for the sustainable prosperity and development of the region.

今年是中国全面深化改革元年，北京APEC会议是中国改革开放的全方位展示，实现了中国与国际社会在改革、开放、创新、增长等方面的积极互动。中国新一轮改革开放的决心、力度和成果，是中国主办APEC会议并提出相关倡议的坚实基础，这是将日益增长的经济力转化为对外影响力和制度塑造力的成功实践。同时，APEC在创新、改革和增长领域的讨论和未来合作规划，以及中国对APEC进程的深度参与，也在为中国进一步深化改革开放提供支持和助力。中国将与APEC共同成长，共同进步！

The year 2014 marked the first year of China’s drive to comprehensively deepen its reforms. Fully showcasing the country’s reform and opening up, the Beijing APEC meeting allowed China to carry out active exchanges with the international community in the fields of reform, opening up, innovation, and growth. The resolve, intensity and achievements of China’s latest round of reform laid down a solid foundation for hosting the APEC meeting and introducing its proposals. The meeting represented a successful attempt by China to transform its growing economic strength into international influence and a force to shape the development of institutions. At the same time, the future plans for cooperation on innovative development, economic reform, and growth that were discussed at the APEC meeting, together with China’s deep involvement in APEC, will provide China with support and assistance as it comprehensively deepens its reforms. We are highly confident that China and APEC will grow together and move forward hand in hand!

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