Keynote Address at U.S.-China Internet Industry Forum
在美中因特网产业论坛的主题讲话
Robert D. Hormats, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment
负责经济增长、能源和环境事务的副国务卿罗伯特·霍马茨
Beijing, China
中国北京
April 9, 2013
2013年4月9日
Thank you very much. It’s a great honor and privilege to be here. I would like to begin by thanking Craig Mundie of Microsoft and State Council Information Office Vice Minister Qian Xiaoqian for inviting me to participate in this Forum.
非常感谢大家。非常荣幸来到这里。首先，我要感谢微软公司的克雷格•蒙迪和中国国务院新闻办公室副主任钱小芊邀请我参加这个论坛。
I am very pleased to be able to return to the U.S.-China Internet Industry Forum for the fourth time as Under Secretary of State.
我很高兴能够第四次以副国务卿身份参加美中因特网产业论坛。
This is an exciting time for the relationship between our two countries, as leadership transitions both in China and the United States potentially provide new opportunities for collaboration. The internet is, of course, one area where this spirit of collaboration could be harnessed for mutual benefit.
中国和美国领导层的换届有可能为两国带来新的合作机会，因此这是两国关系的一个令人兴奋的时刻。因特网当然是可以利用这种合作精神来实现互惠互利的一个领域。
But as several of the previous speakers have indicated just a few moments ago, recent exchanges and a considerable amount of press coverage on this critical issue have been negative.
但是，正如前几位发言者刚才所表示的，最近在这一关键问题上的相互说法和大量的新闻报道都是负面的。
And I must admit again – as I did last year – to some degree of frustration that while many useful discussions have taken place, there also have been a number of steps backward with respect to certain aspects of the internet.
我必须再次承认一点——就像我去年所做的一样——而且带着某种程度的失望，这就是：虽然进行了许多有益的讨论，但在因特网的某些方面出现了一些倒退。
Today I will address both the challenges and the opportunities for cooperation in three key areas each of which have been focal points of discussion and which have been mentioned by previous speakers: (1) internet governance, (2) internet freedom, and (3) the growing attention being devoted to the increasingly serious problem of cyber incidents, theft of trade secrets and intellectual property rights violations.
今天，我将谈谈在三个关键领域展开合作的挑战和机会，其中的每个领域都一直是讨论的焦点，前几位发言者也有所提及：（1）因特网治理、（2）因特网自由和（3）对日益严重的网络事件、盗取商业机密及侵犯知识产权等问题越来越多的关注。
And as I do so, I want to stress that collaboration with the private sector – both in China and the United States – will be critical to progress in each of these areas. That is why I am especially glad that there are so many high-level representatives from China’s internet community represented today.
在我谈论这些问题时，我要强调，与私营行业展开合作——无论在中国和美国——对于上述每个领域的进展都将至关重要。因此我对今天有这么多中国因特网业界高层代表出席感到特别高兴。
I’d like to begin with internet governance. The United States firmly supports the existing multi-stakeholder arrangement of internet governance. The value and vitality of the internet are in large part thanks to a wide range of private sector innovators and consumers around the world.
我想先谈谈因特网治理。美国坚决支持现有的因特网治理的多方利益相关者非正式协议。因特网的价值和活力在很大程度上要归功于世界各地各个私营行业的创新者和消费者。
But important credit should also go to internet-focused institutions, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), and the World Wide Web Consortium.
但专事因特网的各个机构，例如因特网工程任务组、因特网域名和数字编号分配机构、因特网治理论坛和万维网联盟，也有重要功劳。
The openness and flexibility of these institutions have allowed the internet to adapt and grow into the world’s most compelling platform for information exchange, for business innovation, for collaborative research, and for creativity.
这些机构的开放性和灵活性使因特网具有适应力，并成长为世界上最强有力的信息交流、业务创新、协作研究和发挥创造力的平台。
The specific characteristics of these institutions – open, multi-stakeholder, and free from governmental control – have facilitated the stunning success of the internet. The global economy would not be able to function as it does today without the rapid, efficient, and multi-directional cross-border data flows that the Internet enables.
这些机构的具体特点——开放、有多方利益相关者和不受政府控制——促成了因特网的惊人成功。没有因特网支持的快速、高效和多方位的跨境信息流动，全球经济不会像今天这样运作。
From 2008 to 2012, the annual growth rate of cross-border data flows was 49 percent. – far above the mere 2.4% per annum increase in trade in goods and services during this very same period.
从2008年到2012年，跨境信息流动的年度增长率为49%——远高于同期商品和服务贸易仅2.4%的年度增长率。
For the Internet to continue the dynamic evolution it has undergone and be able to produce the enormous benefits it has for so many hundreds of millions of people throughout the world, we need to enable it to continue to support the creativity of innovators, to operate in a transparent manner, and to be responsive to users and innovators in China, the United States, and elsewhere in the world.
若要因特网继续有这种充满活力的发展，并且能够为世界各地亿万人民带来它的巨大效益，我们必须使因特网能够继续支持创新者的创造力，以透明的方式运行，并响应中国、美国和世界各地的用户和创新者的需要。
That is why the United States remains committed to strengthening this multi-stakeholder system. And because we want to continue to support this multi-stakeholder system we opted not to sign the final acts of last year’s World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT).
这就是美国继续致力于加强这一有多方利益相关者的机制的原因。而且因为我们希望继续支持这个多方利益相关者机制，我们选择不签署去年国际电信世界大会的最终决议。
We were concerned that the document could have been used in future attempts to erode international multi-stakeholder internet governance and with it to strengthen those who believe in various types of “information nationalism.”
我们担心这一文件在未来可能会被用于企图削弱国际性的有多方利益相关者的因特网治理，并被用来更有利于那些相信各类“信息民族主义”的人。
This is one area where the United States and Chinese officials have significant differences. We believe a top-down, government-led approach to guiding the future of the Internet would be fundamentally flawed.
这是美国和中国官员存在显著差异的一个领域。我们认为，采用自上而下由政府主导的方式来引导因特网的未来具有根本性的缺陷。
It would threaten the vitality of the Internet by placing power in the hands of government decision makers in various parts of the world whose tendencies would be to weaken or impair its international character and dynamism.
这种做法将权力交到世界各地政府决策者的手中，而他们倾向于削弱或减少因特网的国际特征和能动性，从而将威胁因特网的活力。
The Internet therefore would move at the halting speed of government – which also politicizes many decisions – rather than the dynamic speed of innovation. We also believe that many of the millions of innovators in China – and hundreds of millions of Internet-connected citizens in China, the United States, and around the world who need quick and reliable internet access to communicate, do business, and exchange data through national and global servers in order to prosper in this hyper-connected information era – would be disadvantaged as well.
这样将使因特网要按照政府的蹒跚速度运作——也会使许多决策蒙上政治色彩——不再有充满活力的创新速度。我们还认为，中国数百万创新者——以及中国、美国和世界各地亿万公民也将遭受损失，因为人们需要有快速和可靠的上网能力，以便通过全国和全球服务器，进行通信交流、开展业务、交换数据信息，从而在这个超互连时代走向繁荣成功。
But while the United States and China were not in agreement on signing the final acts of WCIT, it is imperative now as we attempt to embrace the future that we seek to move beyond these divisions and work to pursue meaningful opportunities to address this divide.
但是，尽管美国和中国对于签署国际电信世界大会的最终文件存在不同意见，为了努力迎接我们所寻求的未来，我们必须超越这些分歧，并努力追求有意义的机会来解决这一分歧。
I believe there is room for the U.S. and China to enhance cooperation on internet governance. And I believe we can find common ground in multi-stakeholder internet institutions by working to ensure the full representation of all stakeholders – including, indeed especially, the private sector and a wide range of innovators.
我相信，美国和中国在因特网治理方面有加强合作的空间。而且我相信，通过努力确保所有的利益相关者，包括——实际上尤其是——私营行业和各类创新者得到充分的代表，我们能够在有多方利益相关者的因特网机制中找到共同点。
And as we do so, transparency must be a key priority, which brings me to my second topic and that is internet freedom. The U.S. Government strongly supports respect for freedom of expression, including on the internet. This goes back to the founding of our nation.
在我们这样做时，透明度必须是关键重点，这涉及我的第二个主题，即因特网自由。美国政府坚决支持对言论自由的尊重，包括因特网言论自由。这可追溯到我国的建国之初。
Thomas Jefferson – the United States’ first secretary of state and third president – wrote, “The will of the people...is the only legitimate foundation of any government, and to protect its free expression should be our first object.”
托马斯•杰斐逊——美国第一位国务卿和第三位总统——写道：“人民的意志……是任何政府唯一合法的基础，而保护人民的言论自由应该是我们的首要目标。”
But we believe that free expression is not just an American right. It is a universal human right for the very reasons Jefferson described. And, this right applies in the virtual world just as it does in the real world.
但我们认为，言论自由并非只是美国人民的权利。言论自由是一项普遍的人权，杰斐逊所描述的理由恰恰表明了这点。而且，这项权利与在实体世界中一样，适用于虚拟世界。
It is also, in this information era, an economic necessity. If the citizens of one country are unable to connect reliably to the global community, then their economic opportunities are significantly impaired vis-a-vis their competitors in other nations who have full accessibility.
在这个信息时代，言论自由也具有经济必要性。如果一个国家的公民无法可靠地与全球社会相连，那么相对于能够充分上网的国家中的竞争者，他们的经济机会显著受到损害。
Chinese innovators have created a remarkable online community, shaping services and content to meet the needs of the Chinese people. Weibo, Weixin, and numerous other innovations are achievements for which China should be proud.
中国的创新者们已经创造了一个非凡的在线社区，创造出各种服务和内容来满足中国人民的需求。微博、微信和众多其他创新是中国应该引以为豪的成就。
From commerce, to social networking, to microblogging, Chinese users take advantage of these online opportunities at an astounding rate: over 700 million users on Tencent; some 100 million posts a day on Sina Weibo; and 18 million transactions a day on Taobao.
从电子商务到社交网络到微型博客，中国用户利用这些在线机会的数字令人惊叹：腾讯公司有7亿多用户；新浪微博上每天发表大约1亿条微博；淘宝网每天有1800万次交易。
While all this activity is impressive, the characteristics of the Chinese internet reduce prospects for even greater possibilities by slowing speeds, limiting tools, and restraining the ability to connect in some cases to the global community.
虽然所有这些活动令人印象深刻，但由于速度缓慢、限制工具和在某些情况下针对接入全球社区能力的限制，中国因特网的这些特征影响了带来更大可能的前景。
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), a tool used by multinational companies to connect to their corporate networks, are increasingly targeted for government blocking and thus have been less reliable.
虚拟专用网是跨国公司连接其企业网络的工具，而它正日益成为政府封锁的目标，因此，可靠性降低。
I have reason to be hopeful, however, that despite current circumstances we can find areas of common cause. I have confidence for instance that Chinese innovators recognize the need to connect globally – in a quick and reliable way – because these connections are the tools required to compete.
然而，不论目前情况如何，我有理由希望，我们能够找到共同努力的领域。例如，我相信，中国的创新者们认识到有必要以快速和可靠的方式连接全球社区，因为这种连接是竞争所需的工具。
I also believe that China’s most progressive provinces – which are working hard to attract high-end, high-value investment – will be a strong force for improving practices in this country. Because without improvement, attracting this type of investment will be difficult.
我也相信，中国最进步的省份——它们正在努力吸引高端、高价值的投资——将是改进中国因特网规范的强劲力量。因为如不改善，则将很难吸引这类投资。
I also know that many of you will seek partnerships with your foreign counterparts, exploring joint ventures that can increase the flow of ideas, information, and data between nations. And it is important for innovators in China, the United States, and all countries to be very public in explaining that isolation from the global market place of ideas that enables and inspires creativity, connects communities, and advances business opportunities is detrimental to their countries’ futures. Over time, such arguments will have a policy impact.
我也知道，你们许多人会寻求与外国的同行建立伙伴关系，探索成立可增加两国之间的创意、信息和数据流动的合资企业。中国、美国和世界各国的创新者必须非常公开地说明，孤立于全球思想交流市场之外有损于他们国家的未来，因为这些交流能够支持并激发创造力、连接社区和促进商机。随着时间的推移，这一观点将会对政策产生影响。
Let me turn to the third area, which is cyber theft and IPR protection. Another key problem that can leave China disconnected from, or subject to suspicion within, the global online community is the serious and continuing challenge of insufficient protection of intellectual property rights.
我再谈谈第三个领域，那就是网络窃取和知识产权保护。另一个可能使中国与全球在线社区脱节或在全球在线社区内受到怀疑的关键问题是，对知识产权保护不足所带来的严重和持续的挑战。
It is troubling to see the deterioration in the confidence in our economic relations with China, within the U.S. government, and our business community, because of IP violations, trade secrets piracy, and incidents of cyber intrusions.
看到因知识产权侵犯、商业机密窃取和网络入侵事件使美国政府及商界对我们与中国的经济关系的信心下降，令人十分不安。
So many aspects of the U.S.-China bilateral relationship are moving in the right direction. In fact, there are many examples where we are working constructively on economic, political, and security issues. It’s disappointing that this is not one of those areas.
美中双边关系的许多方面正朝着正确的方向前进。实际上，我们在经济、政治和安全问题上有许多显示我们正在展开的建设性努力的例子。令人失望的是，因特网不是这样的领域之一。
From my vantage point, more than any other single factor, serious incidents of IP violations, trade secrets piracy, and growing evidence of cyber intrusions are responsible for substantial mistrust in our economic relationship by many American businesses and many officials in our government, who otherwise hope for, and are working for, improved relations with China. And, unfortunately, this mistrust is not confined to the United States. It extends to other countries as well.
在我看来，与任何其他单一因素相比，严重的知识产权侵犯、商业机密窃取事件和越来越多的网络入侵证据，是造成许多美国企业和我国政府许多官员对我们两国经济关系严重不信任的最大主要因素。其实，他们希望并正在努力改善与中国的关系。不幸的是，这种不信任并不局限于美国。它也蔓延到其他国家。
The level of IPR infringement and trade secrets piracy in China – including online piracy – remains puzzling to me for a country that has more and more intellectual property of its own that needs to be protected.
对于一个有越来越多自己的知识产权需要保护的国家而言，中国的知识产权侵犯和商业机密窃取——包括在线商业机密窃取——的程度继续让我感到困惑。
Allow me to focus for a moment first on the IP issue. When I addressed this gathering in 2011, I emphasized that we do not view IP theft as a “United States versus China” issue. Many in China also suffer from it. So, it would be useful for all stakeholders in the U.S. and China to collaborate on this issue.
请允许我首先重点谈一谈知识产权问题。当我于2011年在这个论坛上发表讲话时，我强调，我们并非将窃取知识产权问题视为“美国对中国”的问题。中国的许多人也深受其害。因此，美国和中国的所有利益相关者在这个问题上进行合作将是有益的。
I have noted during the past year that this message also resonates with many Chinese companies, researchers, and educational institutions. Unfortunately, the IP issue can be a major deterrent to the high-value added investment China wants to encourage. It also goes to the trust factor as it relates to access of Chinese goods to foreign markets – if there is suspicion that certain products are made with illegally obtained intellectual property.
我注意到，在过去一年里，这一观点得到许多中国公司、研究人员和教育机构的共鸣。遗憾的是，知识产权问题可能是中国吸引其想鼓励的高附加值投资的主要障碍。这还涉及到信任因素，因为这与中国商品进入外国市场有关——如果某些产品被怀疑是利用非法获取的知识产权制造的话。
We know that many Chinese companies have devoted significant resources to developing new products and new technologies. And many of these companies complain that they also suffer when competitors here have illegally copied their ideas and technology.
我们知道，许多中国企业投入了大量资源来开发新产品和新技术。而且，其中许多公司抱怨，当本地的竞争者非法复制他们的创意和技术时，他们也深受其害。
But it is also important and fair to acknowledge that China has made some progress in some areas. Much of that progress is the direct result of the personal engagement of Chinese leaders. It reflects the hard work of people like former Vice Premier and now Politburo Standing Committee member Wang Qishan led the State Council IP campaign and worked to create the National Leading Group on IP. And as a result of these efforts, there has been improved IP protection in some areas, such as software legalization.
但是，也必须公平地指出，中国已经在某些领域取得了一些进展。许多进展是中国领导人亲自参与的直接结果。这反映了诸如前国务院副总理、现任中央政治局常务委员会委员王岐山等人的辛勤努力。他领导了中国国务院知识产权行动并努力建立国家知识产权领导小组。由于这些努力，某些领域的知识产权保护有所改善，例如软件正版化。
Further improving intellectual property rights protection would be a positive development for China. It would give inventors and creators here greater opportunity to engage foreign counterparts in business and research cooperation without these foreign counterparts fearing loss of their intellectual property.
进一步改善知识产权保护对中国而言将是积极的发展。这将为中国的发明者和创造者与外国同行一起展开商务和研究合作提供更大的机会，而这些外国同行不用担心失去自己的知识产权。
The United States will continue to work with China in this area. We desire cooperation, not confrontation, because we believe that business and scientific collaboration between our two countries and among all countries can be mutually beneficial if done fairly and on a level playing field. But at the same time, we will vigorously act to protect our own interests because our innovation is vital to the future.
美国将继续与中国在这一领域展开合作。我们希望合作，而不是对抗，因为我们相信，如果在公平竞争的环境中进行，我们两国之间以及所有国家之间的商务和科学合作可以是互惠互利的。但同时，我们将采取有力行动保护我们自己的利益，因为我们的创新对于未来至关重要。
We recently unveiled a new IP and trade secrets strategy to address the theft – both online and otherwise – of our IP and trade secrets wherever it comes from in the world. The United States also has utilized the Special 301 and Notorious Markets reports to encourage improved IPR protection and enforcement.
我们最近推出了新的知识产权和商业机密战略，以应对——以在线和其它方式——窃取我们知识产权和商业机密的行为，不论其来自世界任何地方。美国还运用“特别301和恶名市场”报告来鼓励改善知识产权保护和执法。
We have seen positive results in many countries, and some positive results here in China where companies are attempting to address these concerns. But, there remains a great deal left to be done.
我们已经在许多国家看到了积极的成果，在中国也看到了一些积极的成果——一些公司正试图解决这些问题。但是，保护知识产权工作仍然任重道远。
Finally, let me turn to the cyber issue. The level of cyber intrusions emanating from China that result in theft of valuable propriety information has reached an unprecedented level. Recent public evidence has documented this.
最后，让我谈谈网络问题。源自中国的网络入侵，导致有价值的产权信息遭到窃取的情况已经达到前所未有的程度。最近的公开证据将这些记录在案。
This problem is a big part of the mistrust I mentioned earlier. The U.S. government is taking an active approach to addressing the issue, and we continue to raise our concerns with senior Chinese officials.
这一问题是我前面提到的造成不信任的一大原因。美国政府正在采取积极行动来解决这一问题，我们并继续向中国高级官员提出我们的担忧。
As an old friend of China, I question and ask my Chinese friends to question, whether this activity serves China’s real interests as it seeks to attract high-end investment, aims to develop international markets for its innovative products, and wants its companies welcomed and respected as they increasingly invest around the world.
作为中国的老朋友，我要问，并且请我的中国朋友们问一问，随着中国寻求吸引高端投资，为其创新产品开发国际市场，并希望自己的公司在全球进行越来越多的投资时受到欢迎和尊重，网络入侵活动是否真正符合中国的利益。
The long-term interest of the Chinese government is in investigating and halting cyber intrusions wherever in this country they come from. Our countries have a common interest in working together to address and resolve this problem. And, there are many people in China who are supportive.
调查并制止网络入侵——不论入侵来自中国的任何地方——符合中国政府的长远利益。我们两国在携手应对并解决这一问题上有着共同的利益。而且，中国的很多人都表示支持。
At the last Internet Industry Forum, I emphasized the need for deeper dialogue on cyberspace issues, noting the need to work together to develop a shared understanding of acceptable norms and behavior. I want to take the opportunity today to renew this proposal.
在上一届因特网产业论坛上，我强调了有必要就网络空间问题进行更深入的对话，并指出有必要共同努力建立可接受的行为规范的共识。今天，我想借此机会重申这一提议。
In a recent speech, the U.S. National Security Advisor, Tom Donilon, called for a constructive direct dialogue between the United States and China to address acceptable norms of behavior in cyber, noting that our two countries, “the world’s two largest economies, both dependent on the internet, must lead the way in addressing this problem.”
美国国家安全顾问汤姆•多尼隆在最近的讲话中呼吁美国和中国之间进行建设性的直接对话，以确定可接受的网络行为规范，他指出，我们两国“是世界上两个最大的经济体，都依赖于因特网，必须带头解决这一问题”。
The need for a productive dialogue with a clear and constructive outcome is critically important to our bilateral relationship and the restoration of trust. The dialogue must not be prolonged and must be a means to an end -- which in this case must mean an end to this problem.
我们需要有能够产生明确和建设性成果的富有成效的对话，这对于我们的双边关系和恢复信任至关重要。对话一定不能拖延，而且必须是作为达到目的的手段——在这里就意味着必须制止这一问题。
Let me conclude by going back to the broad theme of the internet. There undoubtedly are areas where the United States and China will continue to disagree.
最后，我想回到因特网的宏观主题。毫无疑问，仍有一些美国与中国继续存在分歧的领域。
But there also are many areas of mutual interest where we can collectively focus our attention and our energy.
但也有许多符合我们共同利益的领域，我们可以携手将我们的注意力和精力投入这些领域。
Both multilaterally and bilaterally, we can work together to maximize the utility of the internet for our businesses and for our innovators, ensure that our companies and peoples have the fastest connections and the most advanced services, and provide opportunities for mutually beneficial collaboration.
我们可以通过多边和双边努力，为我们的企业和创新者最大化地发挥因特网的功效，确保我们的公司和人民拥有最快速的连接和最先进的服务，并提供互惠协作的机会。
Together, we can address technical measures, such as 4G licensing and mobile spectrum, to modernize our economies and set the stage for the next round of connectivity and innovation.
我们可以携手制定技术措施，例如4G许可和移动频谱，使我们的经济现代化，并为下一轮连通性和创新布做好准备。
Together, the United States and China can explore the potential for cloud computing, mobile internet, and the Internet of Things, ensuring compatible international standards, the free exchange of information, and respect for intellectual property.
美国和中国可以一起探索云端计算、移动因特网和物联网的潜力，确保国际标准兼容、自由交换信息以及尊重知识产权。
All of this calls for even greater levels of collaboration and mutual confidence. We should increase the frequency and depth of our dialogues -- and agree that they must produce constructive results. We also can make room for more industry voices; for instance, the United States would welcome the opportunity to include Chinese and American businesses during portions of the next round of the Bilateral Consultations on Communication and Information Policy.
所有这一切都需要更大程度的协作和互信。我们应该增加对话的频率和深度——并且一致认为对话必须产生建设性的结果。我们还可以为行业发表更多的意见提供空间，例如，在下一轮通信和信息政策双边磋商时，美国欢迎有机会让中国和美国企业进行部分参与。
Together, we can create an environment where our companies, our researchers, our academic institutions, and our entrepreneurs can freely compete, freely partner, freely exchange exciting cutting edge ideas, and freely invest.
我们可以携手创建这样一个环境——让我们的公司、研究人员、学术机构和企业家等能够自由竞争、自由结成伙伴关系、自由交换令人兴奋的前沿创想以及自由进行投资。
Most of all, let’s make sure the internet is free to connect our people, to exchange ideas, and to enrich our lives.
最重要的是，让我们确保因特网可以自由连接两国的人民、交换创意并丰富我们的生活。
Thank you very much.
非常感谢大家。
天之聪教育
2013-04-18
天之聪教育
963次
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