第十三篇 提升国民素质 促进人的全面发展

Part XIII Promotion of Human Development

把提升国民素质放在突出重要位置,构建高质量的教育体系和全方位全周期的健康体系,优化人口结构,拓展人口质量红利,提升人力资本水平和人的全面发展能力。

Promoting human development is a top priority. To this end, it is crucial to improve the quality of education and healthcare for all. Also important is how to guide the evolvement of the population structure with the aim of maximizing the human development dividend and boosting human capital in an overall effort to improve the people’s wellbeing.

第四十三章 建设高质量教育体系

Chapter 43 Quality Education for All

全面贯彻党的教育方针,坚持优先发展教育事业,坚持立德树人,增强学生文明素养、社会责任意识、实践本领,培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。

Guided by the Party’s education policy, development of education remains high on our agenda. Education includes character education and civil education that cultivates a sense of social responsibility in addition to practical skills to pave the way for moral, intellectual, and physical growth, so that our students will grow into effective contributors to socialist prosperity.

第一节 推进基本公共教育均等化

I. Equitable access to basic public education

巩固义务教育基本均衡成果,完善办学标准,推动义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化。加快城镇学校扩容增位,保障农业转移人口随迁子女平等享有基本公共教育服务。改善乡村小规模学校和乡镇寄宿制学校条件,加强乡村教师队伍建设,提高乡村教师素质能力,完善留守儿童关爱体系,巩固义务教育控辍保学成果。巩固提升高中阶段教育普及水平,鼓励高中阶段学校多样化发展,高中阶段教育毛入学率提高到92%以上。规范校外培训。完善普惠性学前教育和特殊教育、专门教育保障机制,学前教育毛入园率提高到90%以上。提高民族地区教育质量和水平,加大国家通用语言文字推广力度。

Building on what has been achieved in balanced compulsory education is an imperative, which calls for improving education standards, with a focus on developing high-quality, well-balanced, and integrated compulsory education in both urban and rural areas. Urban schools need to expand capacity to ensure access to basic public education for children who have moved with their parents from rural to urban areas. Efforts will be ongoing to improve conditions in small rural schools and boarding schools in towns and townships, build a large team of competent rural teachers dedicated to helping rural children move ahead, and continue to reduce dropout rates. Universal access to high-school education is another area of focus. Special attention will be paid to the need to diversify education at the high-school level and to raise the gross enrollment ratio to over 92%. Regulation of after-school academic programs will be strengthened. More support will be provided to publicly accessible preschool education, and a goal of raising the gross preschool enrollment ratio to over 90% is envisaged. Support will also be provided to special education and special programs for children who have run-ins with the law. Efforts will be stepped up to improve the quality and effectiveness of education in ethnic minority areas to enhance the mastery of the national official language.

第二节 增强职业技术教育适应性

II. Adaptable vocational and technical education

突出职业技术(技工)教育类型特色,深入推进改革创新,优化结构与布局,大力培养技术技能人才。完善职业技术教育国家标准,推行“学历证书+职业技能等级证书”制度。创新办学模式,深化产教融合、校企合作,鼓励企业举办高质量职业技术教育,探索中国特色学徒制。实施现代职业技术教育质量提升计划,建设一批高水平职业技术院校和专业,稳步发展职业本科教育。深化职普融通,实现职业技术教育与普通教育双向互认、纵向流动。

Reform and innovation are needed to improve different types of vocational and technical education by leveraging the special strengths of each program and better structuring the vocational and technical education services and through more rational deployment of resources in this field with a view to better training technicians and skilled workers. Revision of national standards for vocational and technical education is necessary to complement academic certification with vocational certification. Innovative approaches should be explored to better align classroom education with real world needs, expand cooperation between businesses and education institutions, encourage involvement of businesses in providing high-quality vocational and technical education, and develop apprenticeship programs that suit China’s needs. Improving the quality of modern vocational and technical education will be an ongoing focus with plans to build a group of top-notch vocational and technical colleges and programs and steadily develop career-focused undergraduate education in a move to further integrate vocational and general education, encourage mutual recognition of vocational qualifications and academic degrees, and provide opportunities for students in vocational education to receive general education.

第三节 提高高等教育质量

III. Quality higher education

推进高等教育分类管理和高等学校综合改革,构建更加多元的高等教育体系,高等教育毛入学率提高到60%。分类建设一流大学和一流学科,支持发展高水平研究型大学。建设高质量本科教育,推进部分普通本科高校向应用型转变。建立学科专业动态调整机制和特色发展引导机制,增强高校学科设置针对性,推进基础学科高层次人才培养模式改革,加快培养理工农医类专业紧缺人才。加强研究生培养管理,提升研究生教育质量,稳步扩大专业学位研究生规模。优化区域高等教育资源布局,推进中西部地区高等教育振兴。

Category-based management is needed for higher education and comprehensive reform is needed for higher education institutions, so as to diversify the higher education system with an aim of seeing the gross enrollment ratio rise to 60%. First-class universities and academic disciplines will be built on a categorized basis. Support will be provided for developing top-notch research universities. Quality of undergraduate education will be improved by encouraging a number of regular undergraduate institutions to become applied colleges. Reform of high-level talent training in basic academic disciplines will be facilitated by adjusting academic disciplines and programs that suit the needs and giving play to their strengths to provide more targeted disciplines, so that the gaps in scientific, engineering, agricultural, and medical personnel can be filled. Efforts will be made to better manage and improve postgraduate program, as well as admit more applicants for professional postgraduate degrees. Higher education in the central and western regions will be revived by optimizing the distribution of higher education resources.

第四节 建设高素质专业化教师队伍

IV. Teacher competencies

建立高水平现代教师教育体系,加强师德师风建设,完善教师管理和发展政策体系,提升教师教书育人能力素质。重点建设一批师范教育基地,支持高水平综合大学开展教师教育,健全师范生公费教育制度,推进教育类研究生和公费师范生免试认定教师资格改革。支持高水平工科大学举办职业技术师范专业,建立高等学校、职业学校与行业企业联合培养“双师型”教师机制。深化中小学、幼儿园教师管理综合改革,统筹教师编制配置和跨区调整,推进义务教育教师“县管校聘”管理改革,适当提高中高级教师岗位比例。

A high-standard modern teachers education system is needed, focusing on strengthening the professional ethics and competence of teachers, improving the policies for teacher management and development, and enhancing teachers’ capacity to impart knowledge and cultivate students. Priority will be given to establish a batch of teachers education bases, support quality comprehensive universities to carry out teachers education programs, improve the government-paid education for normal school students, and exempt graduate students of education programs and government-funded normal school students from applying teacher certificates through examinations. Support will be provided to top-notch engineering universities to train teachers for vocational and technical education. And universities, vocational schools, and enterprises will be encouraged to jointly train teachers qualified both in delivering theoretical knowledge and guiding practice. Measures will be taken to deepen the management of teachers in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, including making plans for the overall and regional distribution of budgeted posts, ensure that teachers working in compulsory education are regulated by county-level authorities and employed by schools, and appropriately raise the proportion of middle-ranking and senior teachers.

第五节 深化教育改革

V. Education reform

深化新时代教育评价改革,建立健全教育评价制度和机制,发展素质教育,更加注重学生爱国情怀、创新精神和健康人格培养。坚持教育公益性原则,加大教育经费投入,改革完善经费使用管理制度,提高经费使用效益。落实和扩大学校办学自主权,完善学校内部治理结构,有序引导社会参与学校治理。深化考试招生综合改革。支持和规范民办教育发展,开展高水平中外合作办学。发挥在线教育优势,完善终身学习体系,建设学习型社会。推进高水平大学开放教育资源,完善注册学习和弹性学习制度,畅通不同类型学习成果的互认和转换渠道。

To enhance students’ well-rounded development, with a focus on patriotism, sense of innovation, and healthy personality, it is needed to deepen education evaluation reform in the new era by establishing sound education evaluation systems and mechanisms. Remained as a not-for-profit cause, education will see more funds, an improved system for fund management and fund use, and an increase in fund use efficiency. Action related to school running include ensuring that schools have a greater say, improving internal governance structure, and guiding the private sector to participate running school in an orderly manner. Comprehensive reform is needed for examination and enrollment, with the focus on supporting and regulating private education and encouraging high-standard learning institutions and programs jointly run by Chinese and overseas institutions. The advantageous online education will be integrated into the lifelong learning system, and help build a learning society. Other education related measures include encouraging top-notch universities to provide open access to their educational resources, providing opportunities for registered learning and flexible learning, and smoothing the channels of mutual recognition and conversion of different types of learning achievements.

第四十四章 全面推进健康中国建设

Chapter 44 A Healthy China

把保障人民健康放在优先发展的战略位置,坚持预防为主的方针,深入实施健康中国行动,完善国民健康促进政策,织牢国家公共卫生防护网,为人民提供全方位全生命期健康服务。

In a strategic move to improve health and wellbeing for all, the Healthy China Initiative has been rolled out with an emphasis on prevention. As a national health policy, it aims to strengthen national public health network and provide healthcare for all.

第一节 构建强大公共卫生体系

I. A robust public health system

改革疾病预防控制体系,强化监测预警、风险评估、流行病学调查、检验检测、应急处置等职能。建立稳定的公共卫生事业投入机制,改善疾控基础条件,强化基层公共卫生体系。落实医疗机构公共卫生责任,创新医防协同机制。完善突发公共卫生事件监测预警处置机制,加强实验室检测网络建设,健全医疗救治、科技支撑、物资保障体系,提高应对突发公共卫生事件能力。建立分级分层分流的传染病救治网络,建立健全统一的国家公共卫生应急物资储备体系,大型公共建筑预设平疫结合改造接口。筑牢口岸防疫防线。加强公共卫生学院和人才队伍建设。完善公共卫生服务项目,扩大国家免疫规划,强化慢性病预防、早期筛查和综合干预。完善心理健康和精神卫生服务体系。

Healthcare reform aims to improve disease prevention and control and strengthen, in particular, a system for health monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, inspection and detection, and emergency response. More predictable public funding for healthcare is envisaged to enhance essential disease control measures and community-level public healthcare. Public accountability for medical institutions will also be enhanced. Innovative approaches to integrating prevention and treatment are encouraged. Efforts to strengthen public health emergency monitoring, early warning, and response mechanisms are ongoing, including measures to build a robust laboratory testing network, and improve patient care, technological support, and logistics support. A tired, multi-level, and referral-based infectious disease treatment network will be built, so will a unified national system of reserves of essential supplies for public health emergencies. Modifications to large public buildings are underway to better accommodate the needs for epidemic control. Infectious disease screening at ports of entry has been stepped up. Other measures in this connection include more support for public health colleges and talent development; expansion of national vaccination plans; chronic disease prevention, early screening, and comprehensive intervention; and mental health services and psychosocial support.

第二节 深化医药卫生体制改革

II. Healthcare reform

坚持基本医疗卫生事业公益属性,以提高医疗质量和效率为导向,以公立医疗机构为主体、非公立医疗机构为补充,扩大医疗服务资源供给。加强公立医院建设,加快建立现代医院管理制度,深入推进治理结构、人事薪酬、编制管理和绩效考核改革。加快优质医疗资源扩容和区域均衡布局,建设国家医学中心和区域医疗中心。加强基层医疗卫生队伍建设,以城市社区和农村基层、边境口岸城市、县级医院为重点,完善城乡医疗服务网络。加快建设分级诊疗体系,积极发展医疗联合体。加强预防、治疗、护理、康复有机衔接。推进国家组织药品和耗材集中带量采购使用改革,发展高端医疗设备。完善创新药物、疫苗、医疗器械等快速审评审批机制,加快临床急需和罕见病治疗药品、医疗器械审评审批,促进临床急需境外已上市新药和医疗器械尽快在境内上市。提升医护人员培养质量与规模,扩大儿科、全科等短缺医师规模,每千人口拥有注册护士数提高到3.8人。实施医师区域注册,推动医师多机构执业。稳步扩大城乡家庭医生签约服务覆盖范围,提高签约服务质量。支持社会办医,鼓励有经验的执业医师开办诊所。

Efforts will be made to continue to provide non-for-profit healthcare. With a focus on improving medical treatment quality and efficiency, more resources will flow to medical services, mainly in public medical institutions followed by non-public ones. A modern hospital management system is imperative for public medical institutions, which calls for reform in governance structure, staffing and remuneration, budgeted posts management, and performance appraisal. National and regional medical centers will be built to accelerate the expansion and balanced regional distribution of quality medical resources. Special attention will be paid to developing community-level healthcare workforce, especially in urban and rural communities, border and port cities, and county-level hospitals to improve the medical services network in urban and rural areas. Medical consortia are needed for tired diagnosis and treatment, as well as ensuring the coordination of prevention, treatment, nursing, and rehabilitation. Reform will be rolled out in state-organized centralized procurement and use of medicines and medical consumables, in particular high-end medical equipment. The rapid evaluation and approval mechanism will be improved for innovative medicines, vaccines, medical devices, and targeting medicines and medical devices in urgent need for clinical use and for treating rare diseases, allowing for as quickly as possible the domestic marketing of those that are already available in overseas markets. Measures will be taken to improve the quality and scale of healthcare personnel, including addressing the gaps in pediatricians, general physicians, and other physicians; increasing the number of registered nurses per 1,000 people to 3.8; implementing a regional registration system for physicians which can make it convenient for them to provide services in multiple institutions; expanding the coverage and improving the quality of contracted family doctor services in urban and rural areas; supporting private hospitals and encouraging experienced physicians to run clinics.

第三节 健全全民医保制度

III. Universal medical insurance

健全基本医疗保险稳定可持续筹资和待遇调整机制,完善医保缴费参保政策,实行医疗保障待遇清单制度。做实基本医疗保险市级统筹,推动省级统筹。完善基本医疗保险门诊共济保障机制,健全重大疾病医疗保险和救助制度。完善医保目录动态调整机制。推行以按病种付费为主的多元复合式医保支付方式。将符合条件的互联网医疗服务纳入医保支付范围,落实异地就医结算。扎实推进医保标准化、信息化建设,提升经办服务水平。健全医保基金监管机制。稳步建立长期护理保险制度。积极发展商业医疗保险。

Efforts will continue to ensure stable and sustainable funding for basic medical insurance and adjust medical benefits by revising payment policies for medical insurance premiums and developing lists for medical benefits. Overall planning of basic medical insurance shall be made at the municipal and provincial levels. Improvement measures are needed for the general support mechanism for covering outpatient medical bills under employee basic medical insurance and the system of medical insurance and aid for treating serious diseases. It is necessary to make timely adjustments to the catalogue of medicines covered by medical insurance. A diversified, compound medical insurance payment model based on disease-related payment is under way. Qualified internet-based medical services will be made reimbursable under the medical insurance plan. Medical bills incurred in any locality will be settled through basic insurance accounts. Solid progress will be made in setting standards for medical insurance and applying information technology, so as to improve insurance services. Efforts are ongoing to better supervise medical insurance funds to ensure a long-term care insurance system. Commercial medical insurance will be encouraged.

第四节 推动中医药传承创新

IV. Development of and innovation in traditional Chinese medicine

坚持中西医并重和优势互补,大力发展中医药事业。健全中医药服务体系,发挥中医药在疾病预防、治疗、康复中的独特优势。加强中西医结合,促进少数民族医药发展。加强古典医籍精华的梳理和挖掘,建设中医药科技支撑平台,改革完善中药审评审批机制,促进中药新药研发保护和产业发展。强化中药质量监管,促进中药质量提升。强化中医药特色人才培养,加强中医药文化传承与创新发展,推动中医药走向世界。

Equal importance will be attached to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine. While making good use of their complementary advantages, special support will be provided to TCM. A sound TCM service system is needed to give full play to TCM’s unique strengths in disease prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. TCM and Western medicine will be better integrated. And efforts will be made to develop medicine of ethnic minority groups. In this regard, measures aiming to develop and protect new medicines include conducting research on the essence of Chinese medical classics, building scientific and technological support platforms for TCM, reforming and revising the TCM evaluation and approval mechanisms. A stronger supervision system is important for quality Chinese medicines. Efforts are ongoing to foster specialists in TCM to better inherit and innovate TCM culture. With all these endeavors, TCM will go global.

第五节 建设体育强国

V. A country strong in sports

广泛开展全民健身运动,增强人民体质。推动健康关口前移,深化体教融合、体卫融合、体旅融合。完善全民健身公共服务体系,推进社会体育场地设施建设和学校场馆开放共享,提高健身步道等便民健身场所覆盖面,因地制宜发展体育公园,支持在不妨碍防洪安全前提下利用河滩地等建设公共体育设施。保障学校体育课和课外锻炼时间,以青少年为重点开展国民体质监测和干预。坚持文化教育和专业训练并重,加强竞技体育后备人才培养,提升重点项目竞技水平,巩固传统项目优势,探索中国特色足球篮球排球发展路径,持续推进冰雪运动发展,发展具有世界影响力的职业体育赛事。扩大体育消费,发展健身休闲、户外运动等体育产业。办好北京冬奥会、冬残奥会及杭州亚运会等。

The nationwide fitness-for-all campaign is needed to improve the people’s health. Efforts on health maintenance and disease prevention will be initiated at earlier stages through integrating sports and education, sports and healthcare, and sports and tourism. A sound public service system for fitness and sports requires more publicly accessible sports venues and facilities as well as school stadiums, for example, more fitness trails and other easily accessible fitness facilities, sports parks that suit local conditions, and public sports facilities on river fronts that do not affect flood control. A national physique monitoring and intervention program is underway, particularly among teenagers to ensure physical education classes on campus and extracurricular exercise hours. Regarding competitive sports, equal emphasis will be put on both academic education and professional training, and efforts will be made to increase the talent reserve for competitive sports, improve the competitive strength of athletes in key events, and maintain China’s dominance in sports it traditionally does well in. Other measures in this connection include exploring pathways for the development of football, basketball, and volleyball with Chinese characteristics, continuing to promote winter sports, and organizing internationally influential professional sports events. Fitness, recreation, outdoor sports, and other sports industries will be developed to encourage sports consumption. Works will be done to ensure the success of the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing, and the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.

第六节 深入开展爱国卫生运动

VI. Patriotic health campaigns

丰富爱国卫生工作内涵,促进全民养成文明健康生活方式。加强公共卫生环境基础设施建设,推进城乡环境卫生整治,强化病媒生物防制。深入推进卫生城镇创建。加强健康教育和健康知识普及,树立良好饮食风尚,制止餐饮浪费行为,开展控烟限酒行动,坚决革除滥食野生动物等陋习,推广分餐公筷、垃圾分类投放等生活习惯。

More diversified patriotic health campaigns will be carried out to encourage the public to lead a positive and healthy lifestyle. More support will be provided for infrastructure construction to ensure a good public health environment in urban and rural areas that meets hygiene standards and vector control requirements. Efforts will be ongoing to foster healthy towns. Health education and health knowledge will be more accessible, with a focus on encouraging good eating habits, opposing food and beverage waste, facilitating tobacco and alcohol control, putting an end to bad habits such as eating wild animals, and promoting the practice to order single portions of food in restaurants, use serving chopsticks, and conduct garbage sorting.

第四十五章 实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略

Chapter 45 A National Strategy in Response to Population Aging

制定人口长期发展战略,优化生育政策,以“一老一小”为重点完善人口服务体系,促进人口长期均衡发展。

A long-term population strategy will be developed, including revised childbirth policies, to promote long-term and balanced population development and improve population services with a focus on elderly care and child care.

第一节 推动实现适度生育水平

I. An appropriate birth rate

增强生育政策包容性,推动生育政策与经济社会政策配套衔接,减轻家庭生育、养育、教育负担,释放生育政策潜力。完善幼儿养育、青少年发展、老人赡养、病残照料等政策和产假制度,探索实施父母育儿假。改善优生优育全程服务,加强孕前孕产期健康服务,提高出生人口质量。建立健全计划生育特殊困难家庭全方位帮扶保障制度。改革完善人口统计和监测体系,密切监测生育形势。深化人口发展战略研究,健全人口与发展综合决策机制。

Revised childbirth policies are more inclusive and will be implemented in tandem with economic and social policies to reduce the burden of child bearing, upbringing, and education on families, with potential spillover benefits. At the same time, efforts will continue to improve infant care, youth development, support for the elderly, and care for the sick and disabled, implement the maternity leave policy, and explore the possibility of mandating parental leave. A full range of services for maternal care, including preconception and postnatal care, and child development will be made available and easily accessible, to improve the health and wellbeing of the newborn population. Support will be provided to families facing special difficulties for the loss or disability of their only children. Related actions include improving population data collection and analysis, monitoring population trends, especially birth rate changes, and conducting research on population issues from a strategic perspective to inform decision-making with regard to population and development.

第二节 健全婴幼儿发展政策

II. Infant development policies

发展普惠托育服务体系,健全支持婴幼儿照护服务和早期发展的政策体系。加强对家庭照护和社区服务的支持指导,增强家庭科学育儿能力。严格落实城镇小区配套园政策,积极发展多种形式的婴幼儿照护服务机构,鼓励有条件的用人单位提供婴幼儿照护服务,支持企事业单位和社会组织等社会力量提供普惠托育服务,鼓励幼儿园发展托幼一体化服务。推进婴幼儿照护服务专业化、规范化发展,提高保育保教质量和水平。

Child care services will be made publicly accessible relying on improved policies for infant and child care services and childhood education. More support and guidance will be provided to at-home care and community services, with an aim to enhance scientific parenting. Supporting kindergartens will be set up in urban communities, as part of the effort to diversify infant and child care service institutions. Other measures include encouraging capable employers to provide infant and child care services, supporting enterprises, public institutions, social organizations, and other non-governmental forces to provide public accessible child care services, and encouraging kindergartens to incorporate child care services into their service system. Also important is to provide professional and standardized infant and child care services so as to ensure the quality and competence of care and education.

第三节 完善养老服务体系

III. Elderly care

推动养老事业和养老产业协同发展,健全基本养老服务体系,大力发展普惠型养老服务,支持家庭承担养老功能,构建居家社区机构相协调、医养康养相结合的养老服务体系。完善社区居家养老服务网络,推进公共设施适老化改造,推动专业机构服务向社区延伸,整合利用存量资源发展社区嵌入式养老。强化对失能、部分失能特困老年人的兜底保障,积极发展农村互助幸福院等互助性养老。深化公办养老机构改革,提升服务能力和水平,完善公建民营管理机制,支持培训疗养资源转型发展养老,加强对护理型民办养老机构的政策扶持,开展普惠养老城企联动专项行动。加强老年健康服务,深入推进医养康养结合。加大养老护理型人才培养力度,扩大养老机构护理型床位供给,养老机构护理型床位占比提高到55%,更好满足高龄失能失智老年人护理服务需求。逐步提升老年人福利水平,完善经济困难高龄失能老年人补贴制度和特殊困难失能留守老年人探访关爱制度。健全养老服务综合监管制度。构建养老、孝老、敬老的社会环境,强化老年人权益保障。综合考虑人均预期寿命提高、人口老龄化趋势加快、受教育年限增加、劳动力结构变化等因素,按照小步调整、弹性实施、分类推进、统筹兼顾等原则,逐步延迟法定退休年龄,促进人力资源充分利用。发展银发经济,开发适老化技术和产品,培育智慧养老等新业态。

Efforts will be made to coordinate elderly care programs and elderly care industries, improve the basic elderly care service system, make elderly care services more publicly accessible, and support at-home elderly care, so as to build an elderly care service system that coordinates home care and community services and integrates medical care and health care. The network of community-based, at-home elderly care services will be improved, supported by elderly-friendly public facilities, services from professional institutions, and idle resources for community-embedded elderly care. Subsistence allowances will be provided for disabled and partially disabled elderly people in extreme poverty. Rural happiness homes and other forms of mutual-aid elderly care will be developed. Reform will be rolled out in state-run elderly care institutions to improve their service capacity and quality. The government-enterprise joint campaign for public accessible elderly care will be launched, among which the private sector are encouraged to run government-funded elderly care institutions, training and recuperation institutions are welcomed to reorient to offer elderly care services, and policy support will provided for private nursing care institutions for the elderly. Medical care and health care will be better integrated to improve health services for the elderly. Talent training for elderly nursing will be intensified. The supply of nursing beds in elderly care institutions will be increased, with an aim to raise the proportion to 55%, so as to better meet the nursing service needs of the elderly with disability and dementia. Steadily, the welfare of the elderly will be improved, with a sound subsidy system for the disabled elderly with financial difficulties, and the visit and care system for the disabled elderly with special difficulties left behind in rural areas. The comprehensive regulatory system for elderly care services is needed for a social environment in which the elderly are respected and cared for, and live happily, and in which their rights and interests are ensured. By taking into account the increase in life expectancy per capita, the accelerated population aging trend, the increased education years, the change of labor force structure, and other factors, and in accordance with the principles of implementing flexible, tailored policies for different groups, considering all factors, and making overall plans, the statutory retirement age will be raised in a phased manner to give full play to the potential of human resources. The silver economy is emerging, requiring elderly-friendly technologies and products and smart elderly care services and other new business models.

第十四篇 增进民生福祉 提升共建共治共享水平

Part XIV A Focus on the People's Wellbeing: a Participatory Approach

坚持尽力而为、量力而行,健全基本公共服务体系,加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设,完善共建共治共享的社会治理制度,制定促进共同富裕行动纲要,自觉主动缩小地区、城乡和收入差距,让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民,不断增强人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感。

Basic public services are essential to improving the wellbeing of our people. Best efforts will be made within the limits of the available resources to upgrade and expand these services to ensure universal access and inclusiveness, so that the people's essential needs are met and no one is left behind. Public participation in governance will be encouraged to promote collaboration and synergy in building shared prosperity. An action plan for shared prosperity will focus on narrowing the development gap between different regions and between urban and rural areas, as well as the income gap between rich and poor households, so that development gains will benefit everyone in a fair manner, and help create a greater sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security.

第四十六章 健全国家公共服务制度体系

Chapter 46 National Public Services

加快补齐基本公共服务短板,着力增强非基本公共服务弱项,努力提升公共服务质量和水平。

It is crucial to improve the quality and standards of public services by addressing weaknesses in both basic and non-basic public services.

第一节 提高基本公共服务均等化水平

I. Equitable access to basic public services

推动城乡区域基本公共服务制度统一、质量水平有效衔接。围绕公共教育、就业创业、社会保险、医疗卫生、社会服务、住房保障、公共文化体育、优抚安置、残疾人服务等领域,建立健全基本公共服务标准体系,明确国家标准并建立动态调整机制,推动标准水平城乡区域间衔接平衡。按照常住人口规模和服务半径统筹基本公共服务设施布局和共建共享,促进基本公共服务资源向基层延伸、向农村覆盖、向边远地区和生活困难群众倾斜。

Efforts will be made to ensure that comparable quality basic public services are provided in both urban and rural areas and across regions. National standards and benchmarks will be developed and/or readjusted, wherever and whenever necessary, against which provision of public services, including public education, employment and entrepreneurship development services, social insurance, healthcare, social services, housing, culture and sports, veteran services, and disability services, among others, is evaluated to ensure the uniformity of standards being applied and equity in service delivery in urban and rural areas and across different regions. Deployment of basic public services will be based on the area and number of residents to be covered. More resources will be made available at the community level and deployed to rural areas and remote areas to help, in particular, disadvantaged groups and individuals.

第二节 创新公共服务提供方式

II. Innovative public service delivery

区分基本与非基本,突出政府在基本公共服务供给保障中的主体地位,推动非基本公共服务提供主体多元化、提供方式多样化。在育幼、养老等供需矛盾突出的服务领域,支持社会力量扩大普惠性规范性服务供给,保障提供普惠性规范性服务的各类机构平等享受优惠政策。鼓励社会力量通过公建民营、政府购买服务、政府和社会资本合作等方式参与公共服务供给。深化公共服务领域事业单位改革,营造事业单位与社会力量公平竞争的市场环境。

By distinguishing basic public services from non-basic public services, it is crucial to highlight the government’s dominant role in guaranteeing the supply of basic public services and welcome diverse providers and methods of non-basic public services. In child care, elderly care, and other services that see the prominent imbalance between supply and demand, support will be provided for the private sector to supply more public accessible and standardized services by various means, including running government-funded institutions, government procurement of services, and public-private partnership, and ensure that all providers of such services enjoy equal preferential policies. Deepened reform is needed for public institutions to provide public services, so they could compete in the market with the private sector in a fair manner.

第三节 完善公共服务政策保障体系

III. Policies to support public services

优化财政支出结构,优先保障基本公共服务补短板。明确中央和地方在公共服务领域事权和支出责任,加大中央和省级财政对基层政府提供基本公共服务的财力支持。将更多公共服务项目纳入政府购买服务指导性目录,加大政府购买力度,完善财政、融资和土地等优惠政策。在资格准入、职称评定、土地供给、财政支持、政府采购、监督管理等方面公平对待民办与公办机构。

An optimized structure of government spending will give priority to the funding for addressing weaknesses in basic public services. In the field of public services, the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments will be defined, with increasing financial support from the central and provincial governments to local governments in providing basic public services. More public service programs will be included in the list that guides government procurement of services, to encourage an increase in government procurement and improved preferential policies on fiscal funding, financing, and land use. Private and public institutions will enjoy fair treatment in qualification access, professional title appraisal, land supply, financial support, government procurement, and supervision and management, among other aspects.

第四十七章 实施就业优先战略

Chapter 47 An Employment-First Strategy

健全有利于更充分更高质量就业的促进机制,扩大就业容量,提升就业质量,缓解结构性就业矛盾。

Effective measures will be taken to create more employment opportunities, especially high-quality jobs, and overcome any structural barriers to job creation.

第一节 强化就业优先政策

I. Policies to encourage employment creation

坚持经济发展就业导向,健全就业目标责任考核机制和就业影响评估机制。完善高校毕业生、退役军人、农民工等重点群体就业支持体系。完善与就业容量挂钩的产业政策,支持吸纳就业能力强的服务业、中小微企业和劳动密集型企业发展,稳定拓展社区超市、便利店和社区服务岗位。促进平等就业,增加高质量就业,注重发展技能密集型产业,支持和规范发展新就业形态,扩大政府购买基层教育、医疗和专业化社会服务规模。建立促进创业带动就业、多渠道灵活就业机制,全面清理各类限制性政策,增强劳动力市场包容性。统筹城乡就业政策,积极引导农村劳动力就业。扩大公益性岗位安置,着力帮扶残疾人、零就业家庭成员等困难人员就业。

Economic development must be employment-oriented. Mechanisms will be established to assess whether employment targets are met and how employment is impacted. Employment support for college graduates, veterans, migrant workers, and other key groups will remain a priority. Policies will be devised to encourage businesses to create employment opportunities, provide support for businesses that employ a large number of people, such as service industries, MSMEs, and labor-intensive enterprises, and expand job opportunities in community supermarkets, convenience stores, and community services. Measures will be taken to promote equal employment, increase high-quality employment, support the growth of skill-intensive industries and the development of new forms of employment, expand government procurement in areas such as primary-level education, medical care, and specialized social services, encourage entrepreneurship as a way to create jobs, bolster flexible employment through multiple channels, remove any restrictive policies that hinder job creation, and make the labor market more inclusive. Urban and rural employment policies will be better aligned to ensure mutual complementarity, and more support will be available to rural workers in their search for jobs. More public welfare jobs will be created and special support will be provided to people having difficulty finding employment, especially people with disabilities and members of families without a single bread earner.

第二节 健全就业公共服务体系

II. Public employment services

健全覆盖城乡的就业公共服务体系,加强基层公共就业创业服务平台建设,为劳动者和企业免费提供政策咨询、职业介绍、用工指导等服务。构建常态化援企稳岗帮扶机制,统筹用好就业补助资金和失业保险基金。健全劳务输入集中区域与劳务输出省份对接协调机制,加强劳动力跨区域精准对接。加强劳动者权益保障,健全劳动合同制度和劳动关系协调机制,完善欠薪治理长效机制和劳动争议调解仲裁制度,探索建立新业态从业人员劳动权益保障机制。健全就业需求调查和失业监测预警机制。

More support will be provided to the community-level public employment and entrepreneurship service platforms which offer free policy consultation, job introduction, and employment guidance for employees and enterprises, so as to improve the public employment service system covering both urban and rural areas. A regular mechanism assisting enterprises to stabilize employment will be established by making good use of employment subsidies and unemployment insurance funds. Efforts will be made to coordinate both ends of labor transfer to realize cross-regional connectivity. Measures to protect labor rights and interests include improving the labor contract system, the labor relations coordination mechanism, the long-term mechanism for controlling arrears of wages, and the labor dispute mediation and arbitration system, and exploring ways to protect the labor rights and interests of employees under new business models. Progress will be made in the employment demand survey and unemployment monitoring and early warning mechanism.

第三节 全面提升劳动者就业创业能力

III. Development of employability skills and entrepreneurship

健全终身技能培训制度,持续大规模开展职业技能培训。深入实施职业技能提升行动和重点群体专项培训计划,广泛开展新业态新模式从业人员技能培训,有效提高培训质量。统筹各级各类职业技能培训资金,创新使用方式,畅通培训补贴直达企业和培训者渠道。健全培训经费税前扣除政策,鼓励企业开展岗位技能提升培训。支持开展订单式、套餐制培训。建设一批公共实训基地和产教融合基地,推动培训资源共建共享。办好全国职业技能大赛。

As part of the effort of the lifelong skills training system, continuous vocational skills training will be carried out on a large scale, including campaigns to improve vocational skills, targeted training programs for key groups, extensive skills training for employees working in new forms and models of business, with a focus on improving training quality. Funds will be coordinated and used in innovative ways for vocational skills training programs at all levels and of all types, with the aim to ensure that training subsidies are channeled directly to enterprises and participants. Through improved policy on pre-tax deductions for training funds, enterprises will be encouraged to launch training programs to improve the skills of their employees. Other measures in this connection include supporting demand-based and customized training, establishing a batch of public training bases and bases that align classroom education with real world needs to promote the contribution and sharing of training resources, and ensuring the success of national competitions on vocational skills.

第四十八章 优化收入分配结构

Chapter 48 Improving the Income Distribution Structure

坚持居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步、劳动报酬提高和劳动生产率提高基本同步,持续提高低收入群体收入,扩大中等收入群体,更加积极有为地促进共同富裕。

It is important to ensure that personal income grows in step with economic growth and that workers’ compensation rises in tandem with the increase in labor productivity. It is also important to continue to increase the income of low-income groups while expanding the size of the middle-income group in an effort to bring prosperity to all.

第一节 拓展居民收入增长渠道

I. More opportunities to increase income

坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。健全工资决定、合理增长和支付保障机制,完善最低工资标准和工资指导线形成机制,积极推行工资集体协商制度。完善按要素分配政策制度,健全各类生产要素由市场决定报酬的机制,探索通过土地、资本等要素使用权、收益权增加中低收入群体要素收入。完善国有企业市场化薪酬分配机制,普遍实行全员绩效管理。改革完善体现岗位绩效和分级分类管理的事业单位薪酬制度。规范劳务派遣用工行为,保障劳动者同工同酬。多渠道增加城乡居民财产性收入,提高农民土地增值收益分享比例,完善上市公司分红制度,创新更多适应家庭财富管理需求的金融产品。完善国有资本收益上缴公共财政制度,加大公共财政支出用于民生保障力度。

The system in which distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of modes of distribution coexist will see an increase in the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution. To better decide and increase wages, as well as secure the payment, it is needed to improve the mechanism for developing the minimum wage standard and wage guidelines, and determining wages through collective discussion. Efforts will be made to improve the mechanism whereby remuneration for various factors of production is determined by the market, and explore ways to increase the income of low-and-middle-income groups through their rights to use and benefit from land, capital, and other production factors, so as to improve distribution policies and systems based on production factors. In state-owned enterprises, the market-oriented salary distribution mechanism will be improved, and the performance-based evaluation system of employees will be implemented across the board. In public institutions, reform aims to improve the salary system to reflect job performance, position level, and job category. Standards will be set for labor dispatch and employment to ensure equal pay for equal work. More channels will be opened to increase the property income of urban and rural residents, including raising the proportion of farmers’ share in land value-added revenue, improving the dividend system of listed companies, and developing more innovative financial products to meet the needs of family wealth management. The system by which state capital gains are turned over to public finance will be improved so as to increase public spending in people’s wellbeing.

第二节 扩大中等收入群体

II. Expanding the rank of middle-income earners

实施扩大中等收入群体行动计划,以高校和职业院校毕业生、技能型劳动者、农民工等为重点,不断提高中等收入群体比重。提高高校、职业院校毕业生就业匹配度和劳动参与率。拓宽技术工人上升通道,畅通非公有制经济组织、社会组织、自由职业专业技术人员职称申报和技能等级认定渠道,提高技能型人才待遇水平和社会地位。实施高素质农民培育计划,运用农业农村资源和现代经营方式增加收入。完善小微创业者扶持政策,支持个体工商户、灵活就业人员等群体勤劳致富。

An initiative to expand the rank of the middle-income earners and consistently increase its proportion will be launched, with the focus on graduates from regular universities and vocational schools, skilled workers, and migrant workers. Support will be provided for graduates from universities and vocational schools to help them find jobs, in particular those suiting their academic background. Efforts will be made to offer more opportunities for skilled workers, especially those in non-public economic organizations, social organizations, and freelance professionals and technicians, to apply for professional titles and qualification certificates for promotion, raising their benefits and social status. A program to develop competent farmers will be launched to help them use agricultural and rural resources and modern operation methods to increase their income. Policies will be devised to support small and micro startups, and support groups such as self-employed individuals and workers in flexible employment, to embark on the journey of prosperity through hard work.

第三节 完善再分配机制

III. A more rational wealth and income redistribution mechanism

加大税收、社会保障、转移支付等调节力度和精准性,发挥慈善等第三次分配作用,改善收入和财富分配格局。健全直接税体系,完善综合与分类相结合的个人所得税制度,加强对高收入者的税收调节和监管。增强社会保障待遇和服务的公平性可及性,完善兜底保障标准动态调整机制。规范收入分配秩序,保护合法收入,合理调节过高收入,取缔非法收入,遏制以垄断和不正当竞争行为获取收入。建立完善个人收入和财产信息系统。健全现代支付和收入监测体系。

The distribution pattern of income and wealth will be improved, benefiting from more intense and accurate adjustments to taxation, social security, and transfer payments, and the role of charity in the third distribution. Measures will be taken to advance the direct tax system by improving the system for taxing personal income on the basis of both adjusted gross income and specific types of income, and strengthening tax regulation and supervision of high-income individuals. With dynamically adjusted standards in response to the basic needs, social security benefits and services will become fairer and more accessible. The income distribution order will be well-regulated to protect legitimate income, regulate excessive income in a reasonable manner, ban illegal income, and curb income obtained by means of monopoly and unfair competition. A sound system of information on personal income and property will be established and the modern payment and income monitoring system will be perfected.

第四十九章 健全多层次社会保障体系

Chapter 49 A Multi-Tiered Social Security System

坚持应保尽保原则,按照兜底线、织密网、建机制的要求,加快健全覆盖全民、统筹城乡、公平统一、可持续的多层次社会保障体系。

Our bottom line is to protect the most vulnerable, expand social security coverage, and improve protection mechanisms to prevent anyone from being left behind. To this end, it is essential to build a sustainable, multi-tiered universal social security system with integrated urban and rural coverage, and with clearly defined rights and responsibilities for all actors involved.

第一节 改革完善社会保险制度

I. Social insurance

健全养老保险制度体系,促进基本养老保险基金长期平衡。实现基本养老保险全国统筹,放宽灵活就业人员参保条件,实现社会保险法定人群全覆盖。完善划转国有资本充实社保基金制度,优化做强社会保障战略储备基金。完善城镇职工基本养老金合理调整机制,逐步提高城乡居民基础养老金标准。发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系,提高企业年金覆盖率,规范发展第三支柱养老保险。推进失业保险、工伤保险向职业劳动者广覆盖,实现省级统筹。推进社保转移接续,完善全国统一的社会保险公共服务平台。

The old-age insurance system will be improved to ensure the long-term balance of basic insurance funds. The coordinated national management of basic old-age insurance funds will be achieved. Restrictions preventing workers in flexible employment from participating in the insurance system will be reduced. Social insurance will cover the entire legally eligible population. The system for transferring state capital to increase social security funds will be improved to upgrade and strengthen social security strategic reserve fund. Adjustments to the basic pension for urban workers will be more reasonable, leading to a raising pension standard for urban and rural residents. A multi-tiered and multi-pillar old-age insurance system will take shape, which will see an increase in the coverage ratio of enterprise annuity, and the well-regulated private pensions as the third pillar. The coverage of unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance for professional workers will be expanded, and relevant plans will be made at the provincial level. Efforts will be made to promote the transfer and continuation of social security and improve the unified national platform on social insurance public services.

第二节 优化社会救助和慈善制度

II. Social assistance and charity

以城乡低保对象、特殊困难人员、低收入家庭为重点,健全分层分类的社会救助体系,构建综合救助格局。健全基本生活救助制度和医疗、教育、住房、就业、受灾人员等专项救助制度,完善救助标准和救助对象动态调整机制。健全临时救助政策措施,强化急难社会救助功能。加强城乡救助体系统筹,逐步实现常住地救助申领。积极发展服务类社会救助,推进政府购买社会救助服务。促进慈善事业发展,完善财税等激励政策。规范发展网络慈善平台,加强彩票和公益金管理。

The tiered and classified social assistance system will be perfected, with the focus on urban and rural recipients of minimum subsistence allowances, people in special difficulties, and low-income families, so as to form a comprehensive pattern of assistance. A sound basic living assistance system and the special assistance system for medical treatment, education, housing, employment, and disaster victims, will be established, based on dynamic adjustments to criteria for assistance and the list of aid recipients. Temporary relief policies and measures will be taken to strengthen the functions of emergency social relief. We will coordinate the urban and rural relief systems, gradually allowing applicants to apply for and receive relief from the local governments of their permanent residence. Active actions will be taken to provide service-oriented social assistance and boost the government procurement of social assistance services. Philanthropy will be encouraged. Fiscal and taxation incentive policies will be improved, and standards will be set for online charity platforms to better management lottery and public welfare funds.

第三节 健全退役军人工作体系和保障制度

III. Veteran services and support

完善退役军人事务组织管理体系、工作运行体系和政策制度体系,提升退役军人服务保障水平。深化退役军人安置制度改革,加大教育培训和就业扶持力度,拓展就业领域,提升安置质量。建立健全新型待遇保障体系,完善和落实优抚政策,合理提高退役军人和其他优抚对象待遇标准,做好随调配偶子女工作安排、落户和教育等工作。完善离退休军人和伤病残退役军人移交安置、收治休养制度,加强退役军人服务中心(站)建设,提升优抚医院、光荣院、军供站等建设服务水平。加强退役军人保险制度衔接。大力弘扬英烈精神,加强烈士纪念设施建设和管护,建设军人公墓。深入推动双拥模范城(县)创建。

Regarding veteran affairs, efforts will be made to improve the organization and management system, work operation system, and policy system, so as to enhance the service and support for veterans. Further reform will be rolled out in the employment service system for veterans to help them find better jobs by providing greater support in terms of education, training, and employment assistance as well as by offering job opportunities in more diversified sectors. A new type of system for ensuring benefits to eligible groups will be established to improve and implement preferential treatment policies, appropriately raise the standards of benefits for veterans and other entitled groups, and make great efforts in job arrangement, household registration and education of their spouses and children. Measures will be taken to improve transfer, resettlement, treatment, and recuperation of veterans and disabled veterans, including developing service centers (stations) for demobilized veterans and improving the services and facilities of special care hospitals, glory hospitals, and military supply stations. Other related actions include strengthening convergence of the insurance system for ex-service members, carrying forward the spirit of martyrs, enhancing the construction, management, protecting memorial facilities for martyrs, building military cemeteries, and forming model cities (counties) of mutual support between the civilians and the military.

第五十章 保障妇女未成年人和残疾人基本权益

Chapter 50 Basic Rights and Interests of Women, Children, and People with Disabilities

坚持男女平等基本国策,坚持儿童优先发展,提升残疾人关爱服务水平,切实保障妇女、未成年人、残疾人等群体发展权利和机会。

Gender equality, child development, and disability care, among others, are key components of our national policy to protect the rights of disadvantaged groups, including women, children, and people with disabilities, and give them opportunities to thrive.

第一节 促进男女平等和妇女全面发展

I. Gender equality and development of women

深入实施妇女发展纲要,持续改善妇女发展环境,促进妇女平等依法行使权利、参与经济社会发展、共享发展成果。保障妇女享有卫生健康服务,完善宫颈癌、乳腺癌综合防治体系和救助政策。保障妇女平等享有受教育权利,持续提高受教育年限和综合能力素质。保障妇女平等享有经济权益,消除就业性别歧视,依法享有产假和生育津贴,保障农村妇女土地权益。保障妇女平等享有政治权利,推动妇女广泛参与社会事务和民主管理。落实法规政策性别平等评估机制,完善分性别统计制度。提高留守妇女关爱服务水平。严厉打击侵害妇女和女童人身权利的违法犯罪行为。

The Program for the Development of Chinese Women will be implemented for a continuously improved environment for women’s development, in which women are able to exercise their rights, participate in economic and social development, and benefit from the development outcomes on an equal basis in accordance with the law. Women’s access to health services will be ensured, in particular to comprehensive prevention and treatment of cervical and breast cancers and relevant relief policies. Women will be guaranteed to have equal right to education and see an increase in their number of years of schooling as well as their overall ability and quality. Women will be guaranteed to enjoy equal economic rights and interests, be free from gender discrimination in employment, and enjoy law-based maternity leave and maternity allowance. Rural women’s land rights and interests will be protected. Women will be guaranteed to enjoy equal political rights and largely participate in social affairs and democratic management. Mechanisms for assessing gender equality in laws and policies will be implemented. And the gender-specific data collection system will be improved. Efforts will be made to ensure quality care services for women left behind in rural areas, and crack down on illegal and criminal acts infringing upon the personal rights of women and girls.

第二节 提升未成年人关爱服务水平

II. Child development services and support

深入实施儿童发展纲要,优化儿童发展环境,切实保障儿童生存权、发展权、受保护权和参与权。完善儿童健康服务体系,预防和控制儿童疾病,减少儿童死亡和严重出生缺陷发生,有效控制儿童肥胖和近视,实施学龄前儿童营养改善计划。保障儿童公平受教育权利,加强儿童心理健康教育和服务。加强困境儿童分类保障,完善农村留守儿童关爱服务体系,健全孤儿和事实无人抚养儿童保障机制。完善落实未成年人监护制度,严厉打击侵害未成年人权益的违法犯罪行为,完善未成年人综合保护体系。深入实施青年发展规划,促进青年全面发展,搭建青年成长成才和建功立业的平台,激发青年创新创业活力。

The China National Program for Child Development will be implemented for an enabling environment for children’s development, ensuring children’s rights to survival, development, protection, and participation. Improvements will be made to the children’s health service system, so as to prevent and control children’s diseases, reduce the incidence of children’s death and serious birth defects, control children’s obesity and myopia, and implement the nutrition improvement plan for preschool children. Measures will be taken to safeguard children’s right to equal access to education and strengthen education and services for children’s psychological health. Children suffering from difficulties will be under protection on a categorized basis, among whom the left behind children in rural areas will be under the care service system, and orphans and de facto unattended children under another protection mechanism. Other measures include implementing and improving the guardianship system for children, combating illegal and criminal acts that infringe on the rights and interests of children, and improving the comprehensive children protection system. With regard to the youth, the Youth Development Program will be implemented to promote the all-round development of young people, and build a platform for their growth and success to release their potential in innovation and starting businesses.

第三节 加强家庭建设

III. Family support services

以建设文明家庭、实施科学家教、传承优良家风为重点,深入实施家家幸福安康工程。构建支持家庭发展的法律政策体系,推进家庭教育立法进程,加大反家庭暴力法实施力度,加强婚姻家庭辅导服务,预防和化解婚姻家庭矛盾纠纷。构建覆盖城乡的家庭教育指导服务体系,健全学校家庭社会协同育人机制。促进家庭服务多元化发展。充分发挥家庭家教家风在基层社会治理中的作用。

The Happy Family program will be implemented, focusing on building civilized families, implementing scientific tutoring, and inheriting good family traditions. A legal and policy system to support family development will be built to promote the process of family education legislation, strengthen the implementation of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law, improve marriage and family counseling services, and prevent and resolve marriage and family conflicts and disputes. Family education guidance will be provided in urban and rural areas, and the mechanism of school-family-community cooperative education will be improved. Diversified family services will be provided. The role of families, family education, and family traditions in social governance at the community level will be given full play.

第四节 提升残疾人保障和发展能力

IV. Support for people with disabilities

健全残疾人帮扶制度,帮助残疾人普遍参加基本医疗和基本养老保险,动态调整困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴标准。完善残疾人就业支持体系,加强残疾人劳动权益保障,优先为残疾人提供职业技能培训,扶持残疾人自主创业。推进适龄残疾儿童和少年教育全覆盖,提升特殊教育质量。建成康复大学,促进康复服务市场化发展,提高康复辅助器具适配率,提升康复服务质量。开展重度残疾人托养照护服务。加强残疾人服务设施和综合服务能力建设,完善无障碍环境建设和维护政策体系,支持困难残疾人家庭无障碍设施改造。

The assistance system for people with disabilities will be improved to help them participate in the system of basic medical care and basic old-age insurance, and make dynamic adjustments to the standards of living allowances for the disabled in need and nursing subsidies for the severely disabled. Employment support will be offered to the disabled, including better protecting their labor rights and interests, prioritizing vocational skills training, and supporting them to start their own businesses. Full coverage of education for school-age disabled children and adolescents will be achieved with higher education quality. With regard to rehabilitation, efforts will be made to build universities, promote the market-oriented development of rehabilitation services, raise the application rate of rehabilitation assistive devices, and improve the quality of rehabilitation services. Care services will be offered for the severely disabled. Measures will be taken to provide the disabled with quality services and service facilities, including improving the policy system for the building and maintenance of accessible environment, and equipping families with disabled people with accessible facilities.

第五十一章 构建基层社会治理新格局

Chapter 51 Community-Level Participatory Governance

健全党组织领导的自治、法治、德治相结合的城乡基层社会治理体系,完善基层民主协商制度,建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体。

Community-level participatory governance will continue to be improved in urban and rural areas under the leadership of Party organizations with an emphasis on self-governance, rule of law, and ethical standards to facilitate public participation and community-level democratic consultation, so as to empower everyone to take ownership to contribute to the common good.

第一节 夯实基层社会治理基础

I. A framework for community-level participatory governance

健全党组织领导、村(居)委会主导、人民群众为主体的基层社会治理框架。依法厘清基层政府与基层群众性自治组织的权责边界,制定县(区)职能部门、乡镇(街道)在城乡社区治理方面的权责清单制度,实行工作事项准入制度,减轻基层特别是村级组织负担。加强基层群众性自治组织规范化建设,合理确定其功能、规模和事务范围。加强基层群众自治机制建设,完善村(居)民议事会、理事会、监督委员会等自治载体,健全村(居)民参与社会治理的组织形式和制度化渠道。

The framework of community-level participatory governance will continue to be improved under the leadership of Party organizations, with village (neighborhood) committees playing the leading role and the people as the main participants. Efforts will be made to reduce the burden on the community-level, especially village-level organizations, i.e., clarifying the powers and responsibilities of local governments and community-level self-governing organizations in accordance with the law and including the clarified powers and responsibilities in urban and rural community governance in a list for functional departments of counties (districts) and townships (sub-districts) so that they can have a better idea of what they need or need not to do. The community-level self-governing organizations will be better regulated with reasonably defined functions, scale, and responsibilities. Mechanisms of community-level self-governance will be enhanced by improving the vehicles for self-governance such as village (neighborhood) people’s meetings, councils, and oversight committees to better organize and provide institutional channels for village (neighborhood) people to participate in the governance.

第二节 健全社区管理和服务机制

II. Community development and services

推动社会治理和服务重心下移、资源下沉,提高城乡社区精准化精细化服务管理能力。推进审批权限和公共服务事项向基层延伸,构建网格化管理、精细化服务、信息化支撑、开放共享的基层管理服务平台,推动就业社保、养老托育、扶残助残、医疗卫生、家政服务、物流商超、治安执法、纠纷调处、心理援助等便民服务场景有机集成和精准对接。完善城市社区居委会职能,督促业委会和物业服务企业履行职责,改进社区物业服务管理。构建专职化、专业化的城乡社区工作者队伍。

Efforts will be made to realize the downward shift of focus of participatory governance and services and channel resources down to the community level to provide well-targeted and refined services for the urban and rural community development. The community level will be allowed to have approval authority and address public service items, thus giving rise to an open and information-based system providing a gridded management model and better services for everyone. The system will achieve the integration and connectivity of the service scenarios for the convenience of residents, including employment and social security, elderly care, child care, disability assistance, health care, domestic services, logistics, supermarkets, public security and law enforcement, dispute mediation, and psychological assistance. With regard to building a team of full-time, professional community workers in urban and rural areas, the functions of neighborhood committees in urban communities will be improved, and owner committees and property service enterprises will be urged to perform their duties, so as to improve community property services and management.

第三节 积极引导社会力量参与基层治理

III. Participation of non-governmental actors in community-level governance

发挥群团组织和社会组织在社会治理中的作用,畅通和规范市场主体、新社会阶层、社会工作者和志愿者等参与社会治理的途径,全面激发基层社会治理活力。培育规范化行业协会商会、公益慈善组织、城乡社区社会组织,加强财政补助、购买服务、税收优惠、人才保障等政策支持和事中事后监管。支持和发展社会工作服务机构和志愿服务组织,壮大志愿者队伍,搭建更多志愿服务平台,健全志愿服务体系。

The role of people’s organizations and social organizations, including market entities, new social strata, social workers, and volunteers in participatory governance will be given full play, through more smooth and well-regulated participatory channels. In this way, the vitality of community-level participatory governance is released across the board. Standards will be set for industry associations, chambers of commerce, public welfare organizations, and social organizations in urban and rural communities, accompanied with policy support and on-going and ex-post oversight on financial subsidies, service procurement, tax incentives, and talent protection. Support will be given to develop social work service institutions and volunteering organizations to expand the volunteer teams, build more platforms for voluntary services, and improve the voluntary service system.

第十五篇 统筹发展和安全 建设更高水平的平安中国

Part XV An Integrated Approach to Development and Security

坚持总体国家安全观,实施国家安全战略,维护和塑造国家安全,统筹传统安全和非传统安全,把安全发展贯穿国家发展各领域和全过程,防范和化解影响我国现代化进程的各种风险,筑牢国家安全屏障。

A holistic approach to national security calls for the integration of national security imperatives into every aspect of national development, so as to be better able to implement our national security strategy, safeguard national security, respond effectively to both traditional and non-traditional threats, and forestall any challenges to China’s modernization.

第五十二章 加强国家安全体系和能力建设

Chapter 52 National Security and Capacity-building

坚持政治安全、人民安全、国家利益至上有机统一,以人民安全为宗旨,以政治安全为根本,以经济安全为基础,以军事、科技、文化、社会安全为保障,不断增强国家安全能力。完善集中统一、高效权威的国家安全领导体制,健全国家安全法治体系、战略体系、政策体系、人才体系和运行机制,完善重要领域国家安全立法、制度、政策。巩固国家安全人民防线,加强国家安全宣传教育,增强全民国家安全意识,建立健全国家安全风险研判、防控协同、防范化解机制。健全国家安全审查和监管制度,加强国家安全执法。坚定维护国家政权安全、制度安全、意识形态安全,全面加强网络安全保障体系和能力建设,切实维护新型领域安全,严密防范和严厉打击敌对势力渗透、破坏、颠覆、分裂活动。

As part of the effort to protect our national interests, strengthening national security requires a holistic look at a full spectrum of security issues, ranging from political security, which is of overarching importance, the security of the people, which is the ultimate concern, and economic security, which underpins all other considerations, to military, scientific and technological, cultural, and social perspectives, which reinforce efforts in other areas. A centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative leadership structure is indispensable in this connection, based on applicable laws, and supported by related strategies and policies, including those on talent development, as well as implementation mechanisms. National security legislation, systems and policies in key areas have to be strengthened. It is also important to strengthen the people’s line of defense against threats to national security, raise public awareness of national security issues, and improve mechanisms for assessing national security risks, and coordinating efforts to prevent, control, forestall, and fend off these risks. National security oversight will be enhanced, so will law enforcement in related areas. Challenges to state power, our political system, and our values will be confronted resolutely. Cyber security and capacity building in this field are a top priority. Robust measures will be taken to prevent and respond to infiltration, sabotage, and subversion by hostile forces.

第五十三章 强化国家经济安全保障

Chapter 53 National Economic Security

强化经济安全风险预警、防控机制和能力建设,实现重要产业、基础设施、战略资源、重大科技等关键领域安全可控,着力提升粮食、能源、金融等领域安全发展能力。

Mechanisms for economic security risk early warning and prevention and control and related capacity building will be strengthened to keep under control risks to key industries, including food production, energy, and financial services, as well as critical infrastructure, strategic resources, and major technology facilities.

第一节 实施粮食安全战略

I. Food security

实施分品种保障策略,完善重要农产品供给保障体系和粮食产购储加销体系,确保口粮绝对安全、谷物基本自给、重要农副产品供应充足。毫不放松抓好粮食生产,深入实施藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略,开展种源“卡脖子”技术攻关,提高良种自主可控能力。严守耕地红线和永久基本农田控制线,稳定并增加粮食播种面积和产量,合理布局区域性农产品应急保供基地。深化农产品收储制度改革,加快培育多元市场购销主体,改革完善中央储备粮管理体制,提高粮食储备调控能力。强化粮食安全省长责任制和“菜篮子”市长负责制,实行党政同责。有效降低粮食生产、储存、运输、加工环节损耗,开展粮食节约行动。积极开展重要农产品国际合作,健全农产品进口管理机制,推动进口来源多元化,培育国际大粮商和农业企业集团。制定粮食安全保障法。

The supply of agricultural products will be ensured based on crop varieties. It is essential to improve the systems to guarantee the supply of major agricultural products and to the production, purchase, storage, marketing, and sale of grain, so as to ensure absolute security of staple food, basic self-sufficiency of grain, and adequate supply of major agricultural and sideline products. Efforts will continue to develop grain production, further implement the strategy of sustainable farmland use and innovative application of agricultural technology for national food security, break through the bottleneck of technologies in superior seed sources, and keep independent production of improved varieties under control. It is of great significance to guard against the red line of 120 million hectares of farmland and the control line of permanent basic farmland, which allows for stable and increased grain acreage and yield. It is also necessary to create an appropriate layout of regional emergency supply bases for agricultural products. In order to better regulate and control grain reserves, it is needed to deepen reforms for the purchase and storage of agricultural products, step up to diversify market participants, and reform and improve the central grain reserve management system. Provincial governors should assume responsibility for food security and mayors assume responsibility for the “vegetable basket”. Both Party and government leaders should take responsibilities. The grain conservation campaign will be ongoing to reduce the losses in grain production, storage, transportation, and processing. International cooperation on major agricultural products will be carried out to improve the mechanism for managing importing agricultural products, and diversify sources of import, thus creating an enabling environment for domestic large international grain merchants and agricultural conglomerate companies. The food security law will be enacted.

第二节 实施能源资源安全战略

II. Energy and resource security

坚持立足国内、补齐短板、多元保障、强化储备,完善产供储销体系,增强能源持续稳定供应和风险管控能力,实现煤炭供应安全兜底、油气核心需求依靠自保、电力供应稳定可靠。夯实国内产量基础,保持原油和天然气稳产增产,做好煤制油气战略基地规划布局和管控。扩大油气储备规模,健全政府储备和企业社会责任储备有机结合、互为补充的油气储备体系。加强煤炭储备能力建设。完善能源风险应急管控体系,加强重点城市和用户电力供应保障,强化重要能源设施、能源网络安全防护。多元拓展油气进口来源,维护战略通道和关键节点安全。培育以我为主的交易中心和定价机制,积极推进本币结算。加强战略性矿产资源规划管控,提升储备安全保障能力,实施新一轮找矿突破战略行动。

By focusing on domestic demand, addressing weaknesses, carrying out diversified guarantee measures, and strengthening reserves, we will improve the production, supply, storage, and marketing systems and enhance the ability of sustainable and stable energy supply and risk management and control, with the aim to ensure that basic coal supply is secure, that core oil and gas demand is met by domestic supply, and that power supply is stable and reliable. Building on domestic output, China will see a high and steady yield of crude oil and natural gas, and move ahead with the planned distribution and control of strategic coal-to-liquid and coal gas bases. Efforts will be made to expand the scale of oil and gas reserves and improve the oil and gas reserve system in which government reserves and corporate reserves for social responsibilities are combined and complementary to each other. The coal reserve capacity will be built. A system for energy emergencies management and control is needed to guarantee electric power supply for key cities and users, and better protect major energy facilities and networks. Diversified sources of importing oil and gas will secure the strategic channels and key nodes. A China-centric trading center and pricing mechanism will be established to promote home currency settlement. More support will be provided for the planning and control of strategic mineral resources to better secure reserves and put into effect a new round of strategic actions for breakthroughs in prospecting.

第三节 实施金融安全战略

III. Financial security

健全金融风险预防、预警、处置、问责制度体系,落实监管责任和属地责任,对违法违规行为零容忍,守住不发生系统性风险的底线。完善宏观审慎管理体系,保持宏观杠杆率以稳为主、稳中有降。加强系统重要性金融机构和金融控股公司监管,强化不良资产认定和处置,防范化解影子银行风险,有序处置高风险金融机构,严厉打击非法金融活动,健全互联网金融监管长效机制。完善债务风险识别、评估预警和有效防控机制,健全债券市场违约处置机制,推动债券市场统一执法,稳妥化解地方政府隐性债务,严惩逃废债行为。完善跨境资本流动管理框架,加强监管合作,提高开放条件下风险防控和应对能力。加强人民币跨境支付系统建设,推进金融业信息化核心技术安全可控,维护金融基础设施安全。

The systems of financial risk prevention, early warning, disposal, and accountability will be established to ensure that the regulatory responsibilities and due responsibilities in places within jurisdiction are fulfilled, that we have zero tolerance towards violation of laws and rules, and that no systemic risks arise. Improvements will be made to the macro-prudential regulation system in order to keep the macro leverage ratio stable with a slight decline. Supervision of systemically significant financial institutions and financial holding companies will be enhanced, to reinforce the identification and disposal of non-performing assets, forestall and fend off shadow banking risks, dispose high-risk financial institutions in an orderly manner, crack down on illegal financial activities, and improve the long-term regulatory mechanism of internet finance. Efforts will be made to improve the mechanisms for identification, assessment, early warning, and effective prevention and control of debt risks, improve the mechanism for handling defaults in the bond market, promote unified law enforcement in the bond market, steadily resolve the implicit debt of local governments, and severely punish debt evasion and abandonment. A sound management framework of cross-border capital flow will be established to strengthen regulatory cooperation and enhance the ability of risk prevention and control as well as response under open conditions. By strengthening the RMB cross-border payment system, it is possible to ensure the security and controllability of core information technologies in the financial sector, and safeguard the financial infrastructure security.

第五十四章 全面提高公共安全保障能力

Chapter 54 Public Security

坚持人民至上、生命至上,健全公共安全体制机制,严格落实公共安全责任和管理制度,保障人民生命安全。

The institutional mechanisms for public security will be improved, building on the principle that the people and their lives are above everything else, to implement the accountability and regulation systems for public security, and secure the people’s lives.

第一节 提高安全生产水平

I. Workplace safety

完善和落实安全生产责任制,建立公共安全隐患排查和安全预防控制体系。建立企业全员安全生产责任制度,压实企业安全生产主体责任。加强安全生产监测预警和监管监察执法,深入推进危险化学品、矿山、建筑施工、交通、消防、民爆、特种设备等重点领域安全整治,实行重大隐患治理逐级挂牌督办和整改效果评价。推进企业安全生产标准化建设,加强工业园区等重点区域安全管理。加强矿山深部开采与重大灾害防治等领域先进技术装备创新应用,推进危险岗位机器人替代。在重点领域推进安全生产责任保险全覆盖。

It is needed for a sound workplace safety responsibility system to establish systems for the investigation of potential public safety hazards and for safety-oriented prevention and control. An accountability system for all-staff workplace safety in enterprises will be built, with an emphasis on ensuring enterprises to shoulder due responsibilities for workplace safety. Monitoring, early warning, supervision, and law enforcement concerning workplace safety are needed for campaigns to promote safety in key sectors such as hazardous chemicals, mines, construction, transportation, fire control, industrial explosives, and special equipment, and for the level-by-level supervision of the major hidden dangers treatment and effectiveness evaluation. Standards will be set for workplace safety in enterprises to strengthen safety management in industrial parks and other key areas. Innovative and advanced technologies and equipment will be applied in the fields such as deep mining and major disaster prevention. For example, workers doing dangerous jobs will be replaced by robots. Key areas will be under full coverage of workplace safety liability insurance.

第二节 严格食品药品安全监管

II. Food and drug safety oversight

加强和改进食品药品安全监管制度,完善食品药品安全法律法规和标准体系,探索建立食品安全民事公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿制度。深入实施食品安全战略,加强食品全链条质量安全监管,推进食品安全放心工程建设攻坚行动,加大重点领域食品安全问题联合整治力度。严防严控药品安全风险,构建药品和疫苗全生命周期管理机制,完善药品电子追溯体系,实现重点类别药品全过程来源可溯、去向可追。稳步推进医疗器械唯一标识制度。加强食品药品安全风险监测、抽检和监管执法,强化快速通报和快速反应。

Efforts will be made to strengthen and improve the food and drug safety oversight system, including improving the food and drug safety laws, regulations, and standards, and exploring the establishment of a system of punitive compensation system for civil public interest lawsuits over food safety. The food safety strategy will be further implemented to strengthen oversight over the quality and safety of the entire food chain, advance the food safety assurance projects, and intensify joint efforts to address food safety issues in key areas. Measures need to be taken to prevent and control drug safety risks, including building the mechanism for lifecycle management of drugs and vaccines, improving the electronic drug tracing system, and realizing the whole-process traceability of drugs under key categories. Steady progress will be made to promote the system for unique labelling of medical devices. Stronger actions are needed for risk monitoring, random inspection, regulation, law enforcement, and rapid notification and response for food and drug safety.

第三节 加强生物安全风险防控

III. Biosafety risk prevention and control

建立健全生物安全风险防控和治理体系,全面提高国家生物安全治理能力。完善国家生物安全风险监测预警体系和防控应急预案制度,健全重大生物安全事件信息统一发布机制。加强动植物疫情和外来入侵物种口岸防控。统筹布局生物安全基础设施,构建国家生物数据中心体系,加强高级别生物安全实验室体系建设和运行管理。强化生物安全资源监管,制定完善人类遗传资源和生物资源目录,建立健全生物技术研究开发风险评估机制。推进生物安全法实施。加强生物安全领域国际合作,积极参与生物安全国际规则制定。

The system for biosafety risk prevention, control, and governance will be established to enhance national capacity of biosafety governance. The national systems for risk monitoring and early warning and for emergency plan on risk prevention and control concerning biosafety need improvements so as to release information in a unified manner for major biosafety incidents. Stronger prevention and control measures need to be taken for animal and plant epidemics and alien invasive species at ports. Overall planning for biosafety infrastructure will be made, including building a system of national biosafety data centers, and better developing and managing the system of high-level biosafety laboratories. Regulation on biosafety resources will be intensified by formulating and improving the catalog of human genetic resources and biological resources, and establishing a sound risk assessment mechanism of biotechnology research and development. The biosafety law will be put into practice. China will strengthen international cooperation on biosafety and take an active part in the development of international biosafety rules.

第四节 完善国家应急管理体系

IV. National emergency management system

构建统一指挥、专常兼备、反应灵敏、上下联动的应急管理体制,优化国家应急管理能力体系建设,提高防灾减灾抗灾救灾能力。坚持分级负责、属地为主,健全中央与地方分级响应机制,强化跨区域、跨流域灾害事故应急协同联动。开展灾害事故风险隐患排查治理,实施公共基础设施安全加固和自然灾害防治能力提升工程,提升洪涝干旱、森林草原火灾、地质灾害、气象灾害、地震等自然灾害防御工程标准。加强国家综合性消防救援队伍建设,增强全灾种救援能力。加强和完善航空应急救援体系与能力。科学调整应急物资储备品类、规模和结构,提高快速调配和紧急运输能力。构建应急指挥信息和综合监测预警网络体系,加强极端条件应急救援通信保障能力建设。发展巨灾保险。

An emergency management system will be put into practice, featuring unified command, both specialized and regular operations, quick response, and coordination between the upper and lower levels, to systematically improve the national emergency management capacity and enhance the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation, resistance, and relief. Actions will be taken to improve the graded response mechanism at the central and local levels based on shared responsibilities with the local governments as main responsibility takers, and strengthen inter-regional and cross-basin coordination in disaster and incident emergency response. Based on investigation of potential risks and hidden dangers of disasters and incidents, we will implement public infrastructure safety and reinforcement projects and projects for enhancing the capacity of natural disaster prevention and control, and raise the standard for preventing and protecting against natural disasters including floods and droughts, bush fires and grassland fires, geological disasters, meteorological disasters, earthquakes, and so on. It is needed to build stronger national comprehensive fire brigades with enhanced rescue capacity for all types of disasters, and strengthen and improve the aviation emergency rescue system and capacity. Science-based adjustments will be made to the type, size, and structure of emergency supply reserves to improve the capacity of rapid deployment and emergency transportation. The system of information networks and comprehensive monitoring and early warning for emergency command will be built to ensure communication support for emergency rescue under extreme conditions. Catastrophe insurance are encouraged.

第五十五章 维护社会稳定和安全

Chapter 55 Social Stability and Security

正确处理新形势下人民内部矛盾,加强社会治安防控,编织全方位、立体化、智能化社会安全网。

Contradictions among the people under the new situation will be properly handled to better maintain public order, and weave an all-round, three-dimensional, and intelligent social security net.

第一节 健全社会矛盾综合治理机制

I. Resolution of social conflicts

坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”,构建源头防控、排查梳理、纠纷化解、应急处置的社会矛盾综合治理机制。畅通和规范群众诉求表达、利益协调、权益保障通道,完善人民调解、行政调解、司法调解联动工作体系。健全矛盾纠纷多元化解机制,充分发挥调解、仲裁、行政裁决、行政复议、诉讼等防范化解社会矛盾的作用。完善和落实信访制度,依法及时就地解决群众合理诉求。健全社会矛盾风险防控协同机制。健全社会心理服务体系和危机干预机制。

Building on the “Fengqiao Experience” and its connotations in the new era, a comprehensive mechanism for social conflict resolution will be established, featuring prevention and control at the source, troubleshooting, dispute resolution, and emergency response. Smooth and regulated channels will be provided for people to express their needs, coordinate their interests, and protect their rights and interests. Improvements will be made to the joint work system of people’s mediation, administrative mediation, and judicial mediation. Diversified resolutions will be provided for conflicts and disputes, giving full play to the role of mediation, arbitration, administrative adjudication, administrative reconsideration, and litigation in preventing and resolving social disputes. A sound petition system will be implemented to provide law-based solutions to the people’s reasonable demands on the spot in a timely manner. Prevention and control of social risks and disputes will be better integrated. The social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism will be improved.

第二节 推进社会治安防控体系现代化

II. Crime prevention and control

坚持专群结合、群防群治,提高社会治安立体化、法治化、专业化、智能化水平,形成问题联治、工作联动、平安联创的工作机制,健全社会治安防控体系。继续开展好禁毒人民战争和反恐怖斗争,推动扫黑除恶常态化,严厉打击各类违法犯罪活动,提升打击新型网络犯罪和跨国跨区域犯罪能力。坚持打防结合、整体防控,强化社会治安重点地区排查整治,健全社会治安协调联动机制。推进公安大数据智能化平台建设。完善执法司法权力运行监督和制约机制,健全执法司法人员权益保障机制。建设国门安全防控体系。深化国际执法安全务实合作。

The three-dimensional, law-based, specialized, and intelligent measures will be taken to maintain public order by combining the efforts of both professionals and the people, and preventing and controlling crimes through public participation. A working mechanism will be put into place to jointly tackle problems, work together, and put in efforts to create “Peaceful China”. In this way, a sound crime prevention and control system will take shape. Efforts will continue to carry out the people’s war against drugs and terrorism, combat organized crime and root out local criminal gangs on an ongoing basis, fight against all illegal and criminal activities, and enhance our ability to crack down on emerging cybercrimes and transnational and cross-regional crimes. Actions will be taken to identify and tackle potential problems in key areas for maintaining public order and improving the mechanism for coordinating crime prevention and control, by combining punishment and prevention, as well as integrating prevention and control. A intelligent big data platforms on public security will be built. Efforts are needed to improve the mechanism for checks and oversight over the exercise of law enforcement and judicial power, and improve the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of law enforcement and judicial personnel. The crime prevention and control systems at ports will be established. And international practical cooperation on law enforcement and security will be deepened.