前  言

为服务国内外翻译工作实践，助力提升国家翻译能力建设水平，中国外文局当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院重点围绕2019年习近平总书记重要讲话、中央重大决策部署以及重要党政会议文件中提出的新概念新范畴新表述，从政治、经济、文化、社会、生态文明、外交军事、脱贫攻坚、科学技术等八个方面遴选汇编420余条中国时政术语，经中国翻译协会重大翻译工作审评专家委员会和中国翻译研究院重点翻译任务统筹工作机制翻译审定，形成汉英对照，供业界及相关人员参考借鉴。

《中国重要时政术语英译报告（2019年度）》是中国特色话语对外翻译标准化规范化建设研究年度系列成果之一，旨在加强中国时政术语对外译介的标准化和规范化建设，为业界在对外话语表达方面提供有力支撑，助力讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音，使国外受众更好地理解中国理念和中国思想，读懂中国政策和中国发展道路，进而推动习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的国际传播，更好向世界展示真实、立体、全面的中国。

Introduction

To better serve domestic and foreign translators and to improve Chinese-English translation in China, the Academy of Contemporary China and World Studies along with China Academy of Translation, both under the guidance of China International Publishing Group, have co-drafted this glossary. The terms and phrases are collected from key speeches delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping and major decisions and action plans of the CPC Central Committee, in 2019. They also include new concepts, areas and expressions found in documents from CPC and Chinese government conferences. The more than 420 terms are arranged in eight subjects: politics, economy, culture, society, eco-civilization, foreign and military affairs, poverty alleviation, and science and technology.

The English translation of the terms has been reviewed and approved by the Expert Committee on Major Translation Projects of the Translators Association of China under the Coordination Mechanism for Key Translation Tasks of the China Academy of Translation. We now present the glossary, complete in Chinese and English, as areference for translators and others working in relevant fields.

The glossary is also one of the many outcomes of the Research on the Standardized Translation of Terms with Chinese Characteristics, which aims to improve the translation of key terms in contemporary China, provide support for translators and the translation industry, and better tell China’s stories to the outside world. Moreover, we hope it will help foreigners understand China’s ideas, policies, and development path, make Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era better known outside China, and present to the world an accurate, multi-dimensional, and panoramic view of China.

一、政治领域 Politics

1.  中华民族伟大复兴的前进步伐势不可挡  

The advance of the Chinese nation toward rejuvenation is unstoppable.

2.  中华民族多元一体  

the unified multi-ethnic Chinese nation

3.  高举中华民族大团结的旗帜    

to uphold the great unity of the Chinese nation

4.  中华民族共有精神家园

a sense of belonging for the Chinese nation

5.  国家治理体系和治理能力现代化  

to modernize the national governance system and capacity

6.  集中力量办大事

to concentrate strength for major undertakings

7.  坚持和完善支撑中国特色社会主义制度的根本制度、基本制度、重要制度

to uphold and improve the fundamental, basic and important systems that underpin the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics    

8.  着力固根基、扬优势、补短板、强弱项  

to solidify the foundation, leverage our strengths and tackle areas of weaknesses

9.  加强系统治理、依法治理、综合治理、源头治理

to improve governance with laws and regulations, systematic and comprehensive measures, and an emphasis on addressing problems at the source

to improve governance with complete laws and  regulations, systematic and comprehensive measures and an emphasis on addressing the root causes of issues  

10.  把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能    

to turn the strengths of China’s state systems into efficient state governance

to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of governance by taking advantage of China’s institutional strengths    

11.  建立不忘初心、牢记使命的制度  

a system that ensures CPC members’ commitment to the Party’s original aspiration and founding mission

the system that ensures CPC members’ continued commitment to CPC’s founding mission  

12.  党的全面领导制度  

the system of overall leadership by the CPC    

13.  健全为人民执政、靠人民执政各项制度

to improve the institutions for governance for the people and supported by the people    

14.  中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度

the system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation  

15.   “一府一委两院”监督制度  

to improve the system through which people’s congresses oversee the government, the supervisory commissions, the people’s courts and the people’s procuratorates

the supervision system of “One government, One commission, Two courts“ (referring to the people’s government, the supervisory commission, and the people’s court and the people’s procuratorate)  

16.  新型政党制度

a new model of political party relations

17.  坚持大统战工作格局

to build a united front with extensive social participation

to build the united front with extensive participation of all political parties    

18.  民族区域自治制度  

the system of regional ethnic autonomy

19.  基层群众自治制度  

the system of community-level self-governance    

20.  科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法

a scientific approach to law making, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and common compliance with the law  

21.  党委领导、人大主导、政府依托、各方参与的立法工作格局

legislation by the people’s congresses under the leadership of CPC committees, with government support and broad participation  

22.  为人民服务、对人民负责、受人民监督

to serve the people, answer to the people, and be scrutinized by the people    

23.  数字政府建设    

to build a digital government    

24.  垂直管理体制和地方分级管理体制    

the institutions of vertical national management and tiered local management

25.  权责清晰、财力协调、区域均衡的中央和地方财政关系

to establish a fiscal relationship between the central and local governments built upon clearly defined powers and responsibilities, with appropriate financial resource allocation and great balance between regions

26.  新型举国体制    

a new system concentrating nationwide effort and resources on key national undertakings

27.  马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度    

the fundamental system which ensures that Marxism guides all our ideological work

the fundamental system which ensures that Marxism serves as our political guidance

28.  不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐体制机制    

systems and mechanisms ensuring that officials do not dare, are not able, and ultimately have no desire to becorrupt    

29.  权威高效的制度执行机制  

authoritative and efficient mechanisms for implementation

30.  监督执纪“四种形态”

“four forms” of discipline supervision and enforcement

31.  密切联系群众的优良作风

to maintain close ties with the people

32.  持续深化纠“四风”工作

unremitting efforts to correct the “fourforms of decadence” (the practice of favoring form over substance, bureaucratism,hedonism, and extravagance)

unremitting efforts to correct the “fourforms of official misconduct” (the practice of favoring form over substance,bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance)

33.  推动党建和业务深度融合

to promote the in-depth integration of Party development and daily work

34.  道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信

confidence in our path, theory, system, and culture

35.  百年未有之大变局

profound changes unseen in a century

36.  风景这边独好

The landscape here is beyond compare.

37.  中国特色社会主义法治体系    

the system of distinctively Chinese socialist rule of law

38.  新中国成立70周年

the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China

39.  党对人民政协工作的领导

the CPC’s leadership over the CPPCC  

40.  准确把握人民政协性质定位    

to have an accurate understanding of the nature of the CPPCC

41.  发挥好人民政协专门协商机构作用    

to give full play to CPPCC’s role as aspecial consultative body  

42.  党和国家机构改革  

in-depth reform of Party and state institutions  

43.  继续完善党和国家机构职能体系，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化

to continue to improve the functional systemof Party and state institutions and modernize the state governance system and capacity  

44.  推进国家机构职能优化协同高效  

to promote the functional optimization, collaboration, and efficiency of the state institutions

45.  全国一盘棋  

to coordinate all efforts to complete key national undertakings

46.  服务型政府  

servie-oriented government

47.  防范化解重大风险  

to guard against and defuse major risks

48.  党管媒体

The Party is in charge of the media.

The CPC exercises leadership over the media.

49.  发扬斗争精神、提高斗争本领

We must carry forward the fighting spiritand improve our abilities.  

50.  理论武装

to arm ourselves with theory

51.  党建责任制

the system of responsibility for Party development

52.  党的集中统一领导  

the centralized and unified leadership ofthe Party

53.  依宪治国、依宪执政    

Constitution-based governance

54.  法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设    

to build a country, government, and society based on the rule of law

55.  中国特色社会主义法治道路    

the path of law-based governance under Chinese socialism

56.  赢得反腐败斗争压倒性胜利    

to secure a sweeping victory in the fight against corruption

57.   “打虎”、“拍蝇”、“猎狐”

“taking out tigers,” “swatting flies,” and “hunting down foxes”

58.  深化政治巡视    

political inspection  

59.  勇于自我革命    

to have the courage to carry out self-reform

60.  从严管党治党    

to conduct strict self-supervision and self-governance on the Party

61.  学习本领是领导干部必须具备的第一位本领

Learning ability is the top priority skill that leading officials must possess.    

62.  人民主体地位

the principal status of the people

the principal position of the people

the primacy of the people

63.  改革开放40周年    

the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up

64. 《关于加强和改进中央和国家机关党的建设的意见》

Opinions on strengthening and improving the Party development in central Party and state departments  

65.  党对依法治国的领导

the Party’s leadership over law-based governance  

66.  以党章为根本遵循  

to regard the Party Constitution as the fundamental guideline

67.  小事不出村，大事不出镇，矛盾不上交

to settle minor problems in the villages,major ones in the towns, and not submitting them to higher-level authorities

68.  新时代的长征路

Long March of the new era

69.  共和国是红色的

The People’s Republic has a revolutionary tradition.

70.  人民是我们党执政的最大底气

The people’s support is the strongest foundation for our Party’s governance.

71.  国之重器

national major projects

72.  不获全胜、决不收兵

Never call retreat until a complete victory.

73.  站起来、富起来到强起来 

China has stood up, become prosperous and is growing strong.

China has stood up, grown prosperous and is becomingstrong.

74.  共和国勋章  

The Medal of the Republic  

75.  友谊勋章

The Friendship Medal  

76.  决不能“新官不理旧账”

New officials must continue to meet the commitment undertaken by their predecessors.

77.  决不允许搞选择性执法、任性执法    

Selective and arbitrary law enforcement is unacceptable.

78.  打造改革开放新高地

to become pacesetters for reform and opening up

79.  以党的政治建设为统领

to enhance our Party’s political awareness as the overarching principle

to enhance our Party’s political foundation building as the overarching principle

to reinforce our Party’s political foundations as the overarching principle

80.  以公正客观非选择的方式处理人权问题

to address human rights issues in a fair, objective, and non-selective manner

81.  政务服务“好差评”制度  

to establish a government service evaluation system

82.  加强真抓实干的作风建设  

to improve conduct to make solid and tangible efforts

83.  加强领导班子建设和干部队伍建设    

to strengthen leadership teams and the contingent of officials

84.  “黑天鹅”、“灰犀牛”

“black swans” and “gray rhinos”

85.  “一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治

the policies of “one country, two systems,”、 “the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong,”、“the people of Macao governing Macao,” and a high degree of autonomy for bothregions

86.  宪法和基本法权威牢固树立    

The authority of the Constitution and the Basic Law is firmly upheld in Macao.  

87.  行政主导体制顺畅运行

smooth operation of the (Macao SAR) executive-led political system

88.  融入国家发展大局积极主动    

to integrate more proactively into the country’s overall development  

89.  维护中央全面管治权、正确行使高度自治权

to ensure the central authorities exercise overall jurisdiction while correctly exercising a high degree of autonomy  (in Macao)

90.   澳门特别行政区维护国家安全委员会

the State Security Safeguarding Committee of the Macao Special Administrative Region

91.  政府决策科学化、社会治理精准化、公共服务高效化  

sound decision-making, meticulous social governance, and efficient public services

92.  筑牢“一国两制”社会政治基础  

to consolidate the social and political foundation for “one country, two systems”

93.  坚定“一国两制”制度自信    

to have firm confidence in “one country, two systems”

94.  准确把握“一国两制”正确方向

to firmly keep “one country, two systems” in the correct direction

95.  始终强化“一国两制”使命担当

to resolutely shoulder the mission of “one country, two systems”  

96.  固本培元、稳健发展

to consolidate the basis, foster vitality, and achieve steady development

97.  “一国两制”事业任重道远    

The cause of “one country, two systems” still has a long way to go.

98.  用不着任何外部势力指手画脚

no finger-pointing from any external forces

99.  提升特别行政区治理水平  

to improve the governance in the Special Administrative Region  of…

100.  全面提升澳门社会综合生活素质

to improve the overall living conditions in Macao

101.  台湾问题必将随着民族复兴而终结    

The Taiwan question will definitely end with national rejuvenation.  

102.     中国人不打中国人  

We Chinese should not fight each other.

103.     中国人的事要由中国人来决定

The affairs of us Chinese must be decided by ourselves.

二、经济领域 Economy

1.  坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存

multiple modes of distribution in the principle of “to each according to his work”

2.  经济治理基础数据库

a basic database for economic governance

a prime database for economic governance

3.  发展才是硬道理

Development is what really matters to all.

4.  农业农村优先发展  

to prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas

5.  经济快速发展奇迹和社会长期稳定奇迹  

the miracle of rapid economic growth and sustained social stability  

6.  农村集体产权制度改革

the reform of the rural collective property rights system    

7.  管资本为主的国有资产监管体制  

a state assetsregulation system that focuses on capital

8.  市场准入负面清单制度

a negative list for market access

9.  竞争政策基础地位  

the fundamental role of competition policies    

10.  具有高度适应性、竞争力、普惠性的现代金融体系

a modern financial system that is adaptive, competitive, and inclusive

11.  开放型经济新体制  

the new systemof open economy  

12.  外商投资准入前国民待遇  

pre-establishmentnational treatment for foreign investment

13.  自由贸易试验区、自由贸易港

pilot freetrade zones and free trade ports  

14.  构建区域协调发展新机制  

to establishnew mechanisms on coordinated regional development  

to put in place new mechanisms for coordinated development across differentregions

15.  粤港澳大湾区    

Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

16.  改进领导经济工作的方式方法

to improve the ways and methods of leading economic work  

17.  促进经济总体平稳发展

to promote the stable growth of the economy on the whole

18.  消除金融领域隐患  

to defuse financial risks

19.  推动先进制造业和现代服务业融合发展  

to boost the integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modernized services

20.  做好民营企业重大风险防范化解工作

to forestall and defuse major risks of private enterprises

21.  保护走出去企业合法权益  

to protect the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises operating overseas

22.  稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险、保稳定

to maintainstable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve people’s wellbeing, guard against risks, and ensure stability

23.  高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段    

to transition from a phase of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development

to move from rapid growth to high-quality development  

24.  营造有利于创新创业创造的良好发展环境    

to create a development environment conducive to innovation, startups, and entrepreneurship  

25.  探索海峡两岸融合发展新路    

to explore a new way of integrated development on both sides of the Taiwan Straits

26.  加快推动绿色制造  

to accelerate efforts for green manufacturing  

27.  形成全国统一开放、竞争有序的商品和要素市场    

to form a unified, open, competitive and orderly market for all commodities and production factors throughout the country

28.  完善财政转移支付制度

to improve the financial transfer payment system  

29.  “十四五”时期

the 14th Five-Year Plan period

30.  开放合作的世界经济

an open world economy through cooperation  

31.  开放创新的世界经济

an open world economy with innovation    

32.  开放共享的世界经济

an open world economy for mutual benefits

33.  扩大市场开放    

to open up the market    

34.  优化营商环境    

to improve the business environment  

35.  深化多双边合作

to continue multilateral and bilateral cooperation  

36.  转方式、调结构、增动力  

to change growth model, improve economic structure, and gather new growth momentum

37.  推动形成全面开放新格局  

to make new ground in pursuing opening up on all fronts

38.  扩大对外开放    

to open wider to the outside world  

39.  海南自由贸易港

Hainan Free Trade Port

40.  自由贸易协定    

free trade agreement

41.  西部大开发  

to develop West China

development of the western region

42.  振兴东北地区等老工业基地    

to revitalize the old industrial bases in the Northeast and other parts of China

43.  促进中部地区崛起  

to energize the central region

44.  分类精准施策    

to implement sector-specific and targeted policies

45.  主体功能约束有效、国土开发有序    

effective constraints on the main functions and orderly land development

46.  市场一体化发展机制

mechanism of integrated market development  

47.  区域合作机制    

regional cooperation mechanism    

48.  推动东北全方位振兴

to promote all-round revitalization of Northeast China

49.  产业振兴

industrial revitalization  

50.  补齐农村基础设施短板

to improve rural infrastructure

51. 《深化粤港澳合作推进大湾区建设框架协议》

Framework Agreementon Deepening Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Cooperation in the Development of the Greater Bay Area  

52. 《内地与澳门关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》    

Mainland andMacao Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement

53.  做好珠澳合作开发横琴这篇文章  

to promote cooperation of Zhuhai and Macao in joint development of the Hengqin region

54.  中国将着力营造尊重知识价值的营商环境

China will spare no effort to foster a business environment that respects the value of knowledge.    

55.  我们不刻意追求贸易顺差  

China does not seek trade surplus.  

56.  国际宏观经济政策协调机制    

international macroeconomic policy coordination mechanism

57.  达成区域全面经济伙伴关系协定  

to push for a conclusion of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)

58.  数字经济和实体经济融合发展

integrated development of digital economy and real economy

59.  数字基础设施建设  

digital infrastructure construction  

60.  外资企业投诉机制  

a complaint mechanism for foreign-funded companies

61.  提高行政效能规范服务市场    

to improvead ministrative efficiency and regulate the service market  

62.  侵权惩罚性赔偿制度

a punitive compensation mechanism for intellectual property infringement  

63.  中日韩自由贸易协定谈判  

China-Japan-ROK free trade agreement negotiations  

64.  经济运行稳中有变、变中有忧

The performance of the economy is punctuated by changes, some of which give cause for concern.

65.  巩固“三去一降一补”成果  

to consolidate the achievement through cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness

66.  增强微观主体活力  

to invigorate micro entities

67.  完善资本市场基础性制度  

to improve the basic systems of the capital market

68.  稳步推进金融业关键信息基础设施国产化

to steadily promote the localization of key information infrastructure in the financial industry  

69.  加快金融市场基础设施建设    

to speed up the construction of financial market infrastructure

70.  金融风险

financial risk

71.  提升产业链水平

to upgrade industrial chains

72.  畅通国民经济循环  

to ensure unimpeded flows in the economy

73.  中欧投资协定谈判  

negotiations on a China-EU investment agreement

74.  推动“非禁即入”普遍落实  

to promote across-the-board implementation of the policy of “entry unless on the list”

75.  经济外交、人文交流成果丰硕

rich fruits yielded through economic diplomacy as well as cultural and people-to-people exchanges

76. 《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》

Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

77. 《长江三角洲区域一体化发展规划纲要》

Plan for Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta Region

78. 《中国农业产业发展报告2019》

China Agricultural Development Report 2019

79.  国际一流湾区    

international first-class bay area

80.  世界级城市群    

world-classcity cluster  

81.  干线铁路、城际铁路、市域郊铁路、城市轨道交通“四网融合”

integration of “the four networks” – trunk railways, intercity railways, suburban railways and urban railways

integration of “the four networks” – trunk, intercity, suburban, and urban railways

82.  大兴国际机场“凤凰展翅”  

Daxing International Airport: Phoenix Spreading Its Wings

83.  第二届中国国际进口博览会

The Second China International Import Expo

84.  极限施压

extreme pressure