英语世界 2021-11-04 341次
由于新冠病毒的全球威胁仍在持续,各国都在加紧疫苗接种,力图阻止病毒传播。2021年与疫苗相关的词汇更加频繁出现,而“vax”(疫苗,接种疫苗)也被《牛津英语词典》评选为2021年度词汇。
《牛津英语词典》高级编辑菲奥娜·麦克弗森称,“VAX”是最合适的选择,因为这个词的“影响是最大的”。
牛津出版社表示,在2021年之前,这个词很少被使用,但截至今年9月,“vax”一词的使用量是去年同期的72倍。人们不仅每天使用这个词,还将它用作形容词或动词。
麦克弗森说道:
It goes back at least to the 1980s, but according to our corpus it was rarely used until this year.
Vax至少可以追溯到20世纪80年代,但根据我们的语料库,直到今年人们才开始大量使用它。
When you add to that its versatility in forming other words, it became clear that vax was the standout in the crowd.
再加上vax还能组成很多词汇,显然它就在众多词汇中脱颖而出了。
Vax和vaxx这两种拼写都可以使用,但vax更常见。
《牛津英语词典》对vax的定义:
Vax
n. A vaccine or vaccination
(名词)疫苗
v. Treat (someone) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease; vaccinate
(动词)用疫苗治疗(某人)以产生对疾病的免疫力;接种疫苗
Vaxxie
n. A photograph of oneself taking during or immediately before or after a vaccination, especially one against Covid-19, and typically shared on social media; a vaccination selfie
(名词)在接种疫苗期间或接种疫苗前后的自拍照片,尤其是接种新冠苗时,通常在社交媒体上分享的照片;接种疫苗自拍
Anti-vax
adj. Opposed to vaccination
(形容词)反对接种疫苗的
Anti-vaxxer
n. A person who is opposed to vaccination
(名词)反对接种疫苗的人
Double-vaxxed
adj. Having received two doses of a vaccine
(形容词)接种过两剂疫苗的
卡迪夫大学社会语言学家梅赛德斯·杜兰(Mercedes Durham)表示,这些衍生词汇在年轻一代中使用得更为广泛:
“Everyone within their own family and their own circle comes up with new words, and most of the time they stay within that circle. What social media can do, with something like vaccinations, is if you see someone tweeting about being ‘double vaxxed’, and then somebody else tweeting about ‘double vaxxed’, then you pick it up – and things that may have been in different small groups becomes much more widespread.”
今年的牛津词典年度词汇vax于1799年首次出现在英语中,其衍生词“vaccinate(v.接种疫苗接种)”和“vaccination(n.疫苗接种)”首次出现于1800年。
这些单词都源于拉丁语单词vacca,意思是奶牛。根据《牛津英语词典》,这要归功于英国医生兼科学家爱德华·詹纳在18世纪90年代末和19世纪初在天花疫苗接种方面的开创性工作。
在欧美国家,有关于接种(vaccination)已成为一个政治性的话题,也因而衍生出一些与vaccination相关的词。例如,在一个交通事故里,如果事故一方是因为打了新冠疫苗并产生了一些副作用,就会称这起事故是“vaxxident”。那些反对采取防疫措施,也不相信新冠疫苗的人,则会被人称为“anti-vaxxer”。
更有意思的是,一些人凭直觉来判断他人是否打了新冠疫苗,也就是能发射一些辐射(radar)来侦探疫苗,而有这个“本事”的人,会称为“vaxdar”。
在美国,有一些人则会在社交媒体上炫耀自己打疫苗了,将自己打疫苗时的自拍照发到网上,这样的人就是vaxinstas。
这一次的新冠疫情甚至让美国大名鼎鼎的福奇(Anthony S. Fauci)也有一个专门的词汇,Fauci ouchi,意思有“新冠疫苗接种”(a vaccination against Covid-19; any various Covid-19 vaccines)。接种了新冠疫苗的人,则会是成为一个神秘的抗疫组织“the inoculati"。
今年,“pandemic(全球性流行病)”一词的使用也增加了57000%以上。
This Christmas, people will be travelling up and down the country, heading home, visiting relatives and loved ones, to celebrate together the hope and joy of this special season.
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On this occasion, as I offer you all what will be the final Christmas message of my terms as Uachtarán na hÉireann, I recall the values that I stressed in my first Christmas Message in 2011.
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Today, we are meeting here on this solemn occasion to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Macao’s return to the motherland and to hold the inauguration of the sixth-term government of the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR).
新华网 2024-12-22 09:11:17
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Good evening. It is my great pleasure to return to the beautiful Macao after a span of five years and join you in celebrating the 25th anniversary of Macao’s return to the motherland.
新华网 2024-12-22 09:01:51
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