全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS

——2026年3月9日在第十四届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上

Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 14th National People’s Congress

March 9, 2026

全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长 赵乐际

Zhao Leji

Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

我受全国人大常委会委托，向大会报告工作，请予审议。

On behalf of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), I now present this report on our work for your deliberation.

过去一年的工作

The Year in Review

2025年是很不平凡的一年。面对国内外形势深刻复杂的变化，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民迎难而上、奋力拼搏，推动党和国家事业取得新的重大成就，“十四五”圆满收官，我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力、综合国力跃上新台阶，第二个百年奋斗目标新征程实现良好开局。新时代新征程的伟大实践，充分证明“两个确立”的决定性意义，彰显中国共产党领导和中国特色社会主义制度的显著优势，展现出中国式现代化的光明前景。

The year 2025 was truly remarkable. Facing profound and complex developments at home and abroad, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country in meeting challenges head-on with determination and hard work. 

As a result, the cause of the Party and the country has scored major new accomplishments. With the successful conclusion of the 14th Five-Year Plan, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, national defense capabilities, and composite national strength have reached new heights, enabling us to achieve a strong start on our new journey toward the Second Centenary Goal. 

Our great endeavors on the new journey in this new era have fully proven the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. These endeavors have demonstrated the marked strengths of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and exhibited the promising prospects of Chinese modernization. 

一年来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国人大常委会坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，学习贯彻习近平法治思想、习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，践行全过程人民民主，发挥国家根本政治制度优势，聚焦建设更加完善的中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设更高水平的社会主义法治国家，紧紧围绕中国式现代化建设依法履职、担当尽责，各方面工作取得新的进展和成效。

Over the past year, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we, the NPC Standing Committee, have upheld Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide and fully implemented the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th Party Central Committee. We have studied and applied Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s key theory on upholding and improving the people’s congress system; stayed true to the unity of leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance; and practiced whole-process people’s democracy. 

This past year, we have leveraged the strengths of China’s fundamental political system, with the focus on refining the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and building a socialist country under the rule of law to a higher standard. To advance Chinese modernization, we have fulfilled our duties and responsibilities in accordance with the law and achieved fresh progress and results in all areas of our work.

一、加强宪法实施和监督，维护国家法治统一

1. We strengthened the implementation of the Constitution and enhanced compliance oversight, ensuring the unity of the rule of law.

坚持宪法的国家根本法地位，认真履行推动宪法实施、加强宪法监督的法定职责，在各项工作中全面贯彻宪法规定、宪法原则、宪法精神，维护宪法权威和尊严。

Upholding the Constitution as the nation’s legal foundation, we diligently fulfilled our statutory duty to advance implementation of the Constitution and strengthen oversight of constitutional compliance. We fully implemented the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution in all aspects of our work and upheld its authority and sanctity. 

完善宪法相关法律制度。制定民族团结进步促进法是党中央部署的重大政治任务和立法任务。常委会两次审议民族团结进步促进法草案并提请本次大会审议，为铸牢中华民族共同体意识，推进中华民族共同体建设，进一步促进各民族广泛交往交流交融、共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展夯实法治根基。统筹修改村民委员会组织法、城市居民委员会组织法，完善村委会和居委会组成、职责及选举、议事、管理、监督等制度，健全基层党组织领导的基层群众自治机制。修改国家通用语言文字法，强化国家通用语言文字的法律地位，为推广普及和规范使用国家通用语言文字提供有力法治保障。

• Refining the legal framework relating to the Constitution

Among the major political and legislative tasks planned by the Party Central Committee is the enactment of a law promoting ethnic unity and progress. We held two rounds of deliberation on its draft and have submitted it to this session for deliberation. Once adopted, this law will lay a solid legal foundation for forging a stronger sense of community for the Chinese nation, advancing the building of this community, and further promoting extensive interaction, exchange, and integration among all ethnic groups as we strive together for common prosperity and development. 

We made coordinated efforts to revise the Organic Law of Villagers’ Committees and the Organic Law of Urban Residents’ Committees. By improving the composition and functions of these committees and refining their election, deliberation, management, supervision, and other systems, we strengthened the mechanisms for community-level people’s self-governance under the leadership of primary-level Party organizations. We also revised the Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language to strengthen the legal status of standard Chinese and provide a strong legal guarantee for its widespread and proper use across the nation. 

宪法规定，完成统一祖国的大业是包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民的神圣职责。在纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年、台湾光复80周年之际，常委会根据宪法作出决定，将10月25日设立为台湾光复纪念日，展现坚持一个中国原则和捍卫国家主权、统一、领土完整的坚定意志，强化两岸同胞共同民族历史记忆，激励全体中华儿女为祖国统一、民族复兴而团结奋斗。坚持运用法律手段打击“台独”分裂势力、反对外部势力干涉，举行《反分裂国家法》实施20周年座谈会。

As stipulated by the Constitution, to complete the great cause of reunifying the motherland is the sacred duty of all the Chinese people, including our fellow Chinese in Taiwan. On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War as well as the 80th anniversary of China’s recovery of Taiwan, we decided to designate October 25 as Taiwan Recovery Day in accordance with the Constitution. Our goal in doing so is to demonstrate the Chinese people’s firm resolve to uphold the one-China principle and defend national sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity; strengthen the shared national historical memories of compatriots on both sides of the strait; and inspire all Chinese people to work together for national reunification and rejuvenation. We continued to employ legal means to both combat separatist forces seeking “Taiwan independence” and oppose external interference. We also held a symposium to mark the 20th anniversary of the Anti-Secession Law.

提高合宪性审查、备案审查工作质量。坚持立法全过程、常态化合宪性审查，加强对规范性文件合宪性、涉宪性问题研究。依法履行备案审查职责，做到有件必备、有备必审、有错必纠。对报送备案的2218件行政法规、监察法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、司法解释、特别行政区本地法律进行审查，对公民、组织提出的6705件审查建议逐一研究并依法反馈，对影响民营经济发展、不平等对待企业等规范性文件组织开展集中清理。发挥审查纠错功能，对存在合宪性、合法性、适当性问题的规范性文件，督促和推动制定机关及时予以修改、废止或处理。推动完善备案审查衔接联动机制，提升备案审查制度效能。举办备案审查工作培训班，加强案例指导交流。

• Enhancing the quality of both constitutional review and the recording and review of normative documents

We conducted regular sessions of constitutional review throughout the entire legislative process and enhanced research on constitutional compliance and related constitutional matters in normative documents. In fulfilling the duty of recording and review in accordance with the law, we ensured all documents subject to recording were duly filed, all recorded documents were reviewed, and all errors identified were corrected. 

All of the 2,218 normative documents submitted for recording were properly reviewed, including administrative regulations, supervisory regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations, separate regulations, judicial interpretations, and local laws of special administrative regions. Each of the 6,705 suggestions submitted for review by citizens and organizations was examined, and feedback was provided as stipulated by law. We conducted a comprehensive overhaul of normative documents that hindered private sector development or led to the unequal treatment of enterprises. 

In performing our function of rectifying errors through review, we urged relevant enacting bodies to promptly revise, abolish, or take other measures to deal with normative documents found to have issues of constitutionality, legality, or reasonableness. We promoted better alignment and coordination among recording and reviewing bodies to boost the efficacy of the recording and review system. We organized training sessions on this work to strengthen case guidance and facilitate exchange. 

弘扬宪法精神、社会主义法治精神。学习贯彻习近平法治思想，总结全民普法40年实践经验，制定法治宣传教育法，推动宪法宣传教育常态化长效化，提升全民法治素养和社会治理法治化水平。以“加强宪法实施，推进社会主义民主法治建设”为主题举行第十二个国家宪法日座谈会，推动国家根本法深入人心。组织5次宪法宣誓仪式，激励和教育国家工作人员忠于宪法、遵守宪法、维护宪法。

• Promoting the spirit of the Constitution and socialist rule of law

Studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and reviewing our experience in increasing public legal literacy over the past four decades, we enacted the Law on the Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law. This will facilitate regular, long-term promotion and education of the Constitution, enhance the people’s legal awareness, and elevate law-based social governance to a higher level. 

In commemoration of the 12th National Constitution Day, we held a conference themed “Strengthening the Implementation of the Constitution and Advancing Socialist Democracy and Rule of Law,” helping the people embrace the foundational law of our country. We also organized five ceremonies for officials to pledge allegiance to the Constitution as they took office as part of our efforts to encourage state employees to be loyal to the Constitution, to abide by the Constitution, and to uphold the Constitution.

行使宪法法律赋予人大的任免权。依法任免专门委员会副主任委员、常委会副秘书长、常委会工作委员会副主任18人次；接受1人辞去常委会委员职务；因全国人大代表资格终止，9人的常委会委员、专门委员会副主任委员职务相应撤销或终止。依法决定任免中华人民共和国中央军事委员会副主席、委员3人次，批准任命中国人民解放军选举委员会副主任1人。依法决定任免国务院有关部门主要负责人、驻外大使97人次。依法任免最高人民法院副院长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭长、审判员138人次，最高人民检察院副检察长、检察委员会委员、检察员23人次，中国人民解放军军事法院院长、军事检察院检察长3人次。依法批准任免省级人民检察院检察长10人次。

• Exercising the power of appointment and removal as mandated by the Constitution and the law

In accordance with the law, we conducted 18 personnel changes, including the appointment or removal of vice chairpersons of NPC special committees, deputy secretaries-general of the NPC Standing Committee, and vice chairpersons of working commissions and committees; accepted the resignation of a member of the NPC Standing Committee; and revoked or terminated 9 individuals’ appointments as members of the NPC Standing Committee or vice chairpersons of NPC special committees due to the termination of their qualifications as deputies to the NPC. 

We lawfully fulfilled our duty in making decisions on three personnel changes to the Central Military Commission of the People’s Republic of China, which involved the appointment and removal of individuals for the positions of vice chairperson and member of the Commission. We also approved the appointment of a vice chairperson to the Election Committee of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. 

Furthermore, we made decisions regarding 97 personnel actions within the State Council in accordance with the law, affecting the positions of department head and ambassador. We lawfully made 138 personnel changes to the Supreme People’s Court, involving the posts of vice president, Adjudicatory Committee member, divisional chief judge, associate divisional chief judge, and judge; 23 personnel changes to the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, involving the roles of deputy procurator-general, Procuratorial Committee member, and procurator; and 3 personnel changes involving the positions of president of the Military Court and chief procurator of the Military Procuratorate of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. We also approved, pursuant to the law, 10 personnel changes for the position of chief procurator across provincial-level people’s procuratorates.

二、加强立法工作，以高质量立法服务和保障改革发展

2. We enhanced legislative work, serving and supporting reform and development through high-quality legislation.

坚持党中央对立法工作的集中统一领导，发挥人大在立法工作中的主导作用，统筹立改废释纂，加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法，以良法推动改革、促进发展、保障善治。一年来，共审议法律、法律解释、决定草案40件，通过其中24件，包括制定法律6件，修改法律14件，作出法律解释1件、有关法律问题和重大问题的决定3件。决定批准条约、重要协定9项。

Upholding the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership over legislative work, we fully leveraged the leading role of the NPC in legislation. We coordinated the enactment, revision, repeal, interpretation, and codification of laws and strengthened legislation in key, emerging, and foreign-related areas, using good laws to promote reform, drive development, and ensure good governance. 

Over the past year, we deliberated 40 draft laws, legal interpretations, and decisions and adopted 24 of them, including 6 new laws, 14 revised laws, 1 legal interpretation, and 3 decisions on legal matters and other significant issues. We also made decisions on the ratification of 9 treaties and important agreements.

加强经济领域立法。制定民营经济促进法，贯彻落实党中央关于促进民营经济发展的重大方针和政策举措，明确平等对待、公平竞争、同等保护、共同发展的原则，从市场准入、要素保障、规范经营、权益保护等方面作出规范，为民营经济持续、健康、高质量发展提供法治保障。修改反不正当竞争法、民用航空法，审议国有资产法草案、企业破产法修订草案、银行业监督管理法修订草案、商标法修订草案、注册会计师法修正草案，推动建设法治经济、信用经济，纵深推进全国统一大市场建设，加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制。修改渔业法，审议耕地保护和质量提升法草案，统筹渔业资源保护与合理利用，完善耕地数量、质量、生态“三位一体”保护制度。修改海商法、仲裁法、对外贸易法，体现中国特色，对接国际规则，更好服务高水平对外开放。作出关于授权国务院在中国（新疆）自由贸易试验区暂时调整适用种子法有关规定的决定。

• Strengthening economic legislation

 We enacted the Private Sector Promotion Law to carry out the Party Central Committee’s major principles, policies, and initiatives aimed at further developing the private sector. This law explicitly establishes the principles of impartial treatment, fair competition, equal protection, and common development and lays out rules for market access, availability of production factors, business regulation, and protection of rights and interests, thereby providing the legal safeguards essential for the sustained, healthy, and high-quality development of the private sector. 

We revised the Unfair Competition Law and the Civil Aviation Law and deliberated a draft law on state-owned assets as well as draft revisions to the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, the Banking Regulation Law, the Trademark Law, and the Certified Public Accountants Law. These efforts have been instrumental in the development of a credit-based economy under the rule of law and a unified national market, thus expediting the establishment of a high-standard socialist market economy. 

We revised the Fisheries Law and deliberated a draft law on the protection and quality improvement of cultivated land, aiming to balance resource conservation with proper resource utilization in the fishing industry and refine the integrated system for preserving the quantity, quality, and ecosystems of cultivated land. We revised the Maritime Law, the Arbitration Law, and the Foreign Trade Law to better reflect China’s distinctive features and further align with established international rules, thereby better serving high-standard opening up. We made the decision to authorize the State Council to temporarily adjust the application of relevant provisions of the Seed Law in the China (Xinjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone.

科学制定和接续实施五年规划，是中国特色社会主义制度一个重要政治优势。常委会三次审议国家发展规划法草案并提请本次大会审议，把党领导制定和实施国家发展规划的成熟做法以法律形式固定下来，为提高国家发展规划工作法治化水平，更好发挥国家发展规划战略导向作用提供制度支撑。

The formulation and implementation of well-crafted five-year plans represents an important political strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We conducted three rounds of deliberation on a draft national development planning law and have submitted it to this session for review. Its purpose is to enshrine into law proven practices used in formulating and implementing national development plans under the Party’s leadership, providing an institutional foundation for improved law-based national development planning and enhanced strategic guidance of such planning.

完善社会民生领域立法。制定突发公共卫生事件应对法，修改传染病防治法，总结疫情防控经验，完善防治和应对体制机制，更好保障人民群众生命安全和身体健康。修改食品安全法，聚焦突出问题，补齐监管短板，牢牢守住食品安全底线。审议检察公益诉讼法草案，保护国家利益和社会公共利益。审议国家消防救援人员法草案，促进和保障国家消防救援人员依法履职。审议医疗保障法草案、托育服务法草案、社会救助法草案，依法推进普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设。

• Advancing laws for social governance and public wellbeing

Drawing on our country’s experience in epidemic prevention and control, we enacted the Law on Public Health Emergency Response and revised the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases. In doing so, we further improved the institutions and mechanisms for epidemic prevention, control, and response to better safeguard the people’s health and safety. 

With a focus on addressing prominent issues, we revised the Food Safety Law to rectify shortcomings in the system of oversight and establish a more robust safeguard for food safety. We deliberated a draft law on procuratorial public-interest litigation in an endeavor to protect national and public interests. We deliberated a draft law on national fire and rescue personnel, motivating and supporting them to better perform their duties in accordance with the law. To advance law-based development of public services that are inclusive, meet essential needs, or provide a safety net for the most vulnerable, we deliberated draft laws regarding medical security, childcare services, and social assistance. 

健全生态环境领域立法。编纂生态环境法典，坚持以习近平生态文明思想为引领，以法典形式将党的十八大以来生态文明建设理论、制度、实践成果确定下来，对现行生态环境法律制度规范进行全面系统的编订纂修，并保持一定的开放性、兼容性、适应性。法典草案经过两次整体审议、两次分单元审议，提请本次大会审议。制定国家公园法，明确国家公园的法律地位和规划设立、保护管理、保障监督制度，高质量推进国家公园建设。修改环境保护税法，将挥发性有机物全部纳入征收范围，促进空气质量持续改善。审议南极活动与环境保护法草案，规范南极活动管理，保护南极环境。

• Enhancing legislation on environmental protection

In compiling the ecological and environmental code, we worked, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Conservation, to codify the theoretical, institutional, and practical achievements made in ecological conservation since the Party’s 18th National Congress. During this process, we carried out comprehensive and systematic compilation and revisions of existing laws and regulations in this area, while taking care to ensure a proper degree of openness, inclusiveness, and adaptability. Following two overall reviews and two reviews of individual sections, the draft code has been submitted to this session for deliberation. 

To promote the high-quality development of national parks, we enacted the National Parks Law, affirming their legal status and the institutions for their planning, establishment, protection, management, support, and supervision. We revised the Environmental Protection Tax Law to extend this tax to all volatile organic compounds, thereby promoting the sustained improvement of air quality. We also deliberated a draft law on Antarctic activities and environmental protection in an effort to regulate activities in Antarctica while preserving its environment.

推进国家安全、公共安全领域立法。制定原子能法，依法保障原子能研究、开发与和平利用，促进原子能事业健康、安全、可持续发展。修改治安管理处罚法，适应社会治理形势需要，合理调整和设置处罚范围、种类、幅度，优化处罚程序，加强执法规范化建设。修改网络安全法，强化网络安全法律责任，加强数据安全和个人信息保护，推动形成良好网络生态。制定危险化学品安全法，加强全链条、各环节安全管理，依法保障人民群众生命财产安全、保护生态环境。审议监狱法修订草案，依法推进平安监狱、法治监狱、文明监狱建设。

• Fortifying legislation on national and public security

We enacted the Atomic Energy Law to support research, development, and peaceful utilization of atomic energy in accordance with the law and promote the healthy, safe, and sustainable development of related programs. To keep pace with the evolving needs of social governance, we made revisions to the Public Security Administrative Penalties Law, which included appropriately adjusting or defining the scope, category, and severity of penalties, optimizing penalty procedures, and enhancing standardization of law enforcement. We revised the Cybersecurity Law to strengthen legal accountability in cybersecurity and enhance data security and personal information protection, thereby fostering a safer, healthier online environment. In seeking to safeguard the lives and property of the people and protect ecosystems and the environment in accordance with the law, we enacted the Hazardous Chemicals Safety Law to bolster comprehensive safety management across the entire chain. We deliberated draft revisions to the Prison Law to advance, in accordance with the law, the development of safe, law-based, and well-managed prisons.

开展法律清理工作。集中开展法律清理，是保证法律体系科学和谐统一的重要方式。常委会以宪法为根本依据，坚持问题导向，全面梳理现行法律、法律解释、有关法律问题的决定，对存在不适应、不协调问题的，区分不同情况，依法作出处理。常委会审议并批准法工委关于法律清理工作情况和处理意见的报告，对全国人大常委会通过的104件法律、法律解释、有关法律问题的决定宣告失效；对全国人民代表大会通过的35件法律、有关法律问题的决定的效力问题，提请本次大会审议并作出决定。

• Conducting a comprehensive review of the law

A thorough review of existing laws is essential for ensuring the soundness, consistency, and unity of the legal system. Taking the Constitution as the fundamental basis of our work, we followed a problem-oriented approach in conducting a comprehensive review of existing laws, legal interpretations, and decisions on legal matters. For those found to be outdated or inconsistent, we addressed them in accordance with the law, taking into account the specific circumstances. 

We deliberated and approved a Legislative Affairs Commission report on this review and its suggestions for follow-up measures, invalidating 104 laws, legal interpretations, and decisions on legal matters adopted by the Standing Committee. As for the validity of 35 laws and decisions on legal matters passed by the NPC, we have submitted them to this session for your deliberation and decision. 

坚持科学立法、民主立法、依法立法。严格依照法定权限和程序开展立法工作，遵循客观规律和立法规律，平衡、调整、规范各种利益关系，合理设置法律规范边界，做到权利和义务统一、权力与责任对等、处罚同过错相当，妥善处理法律稳定性与变动性、现实性与前瞻性、原则性与可操作性的关系，保证立法适应时代发展、实践要求和人民期盼。扩大公众对立法的有序参与，增强立法调研、座谈、论证、评估等工作的针对性，广泛凝聚立法共识。法律草案通过中国人大网、基层立法联系点公开征求意见，收到各方面意见建议36.4万条，许多意见得到采纳并反馈。加强立法全过程宣传解读，通过发言人记者会、书面答记者问等形式，通报法律案审议情况，解读新制定或修改的法律，妥善回应舆情关注的法律问题。召开基层立法联系点工作交流会，总结设立10年来的经验，推进联系点工作制度化规范化。

• Advancing legislation with a scientific, democratic, and law-based approach

We carried out legislative work in strict compliance with our statutory powers and procedures, guided by the objective principles and the inherent laws governing legislative work. We strived to balance, adjust, and regulate various interest relations and delineate reasonable boundaries for laws and regulations, ensuring rights and obligations are aligned, power and responsibility are matched, and punishments are proportionate to offenses. We sought to strike the right balance between maintaining legal stability and ensuring adaptability, between grounding legislation in current realities and maintaining orientation toward the future, and between upholding principles and guaranteeing practicality. In doing so, we can ensure our legislation remains responsive to evolving times, practical requirements, and people’s aspirations. 

We encouraged orderly public participation in legislation; improved the focus of research, symposiums, debates, and assessments; and fostered broad consensus in our lawmaking. After soliciting public input on draft laws through the official NPC website and local legislative outreach offices, we received 364,000 comments and suggestions from all sectors of society, many of which have been accepted with feedback provided. 

Meanwhile, we redoubled efforts to provide the public with information and explanations throughout the entire legislation process. Through spokespersons’ press conferences, written responses to journalists’ inquiries, and other channels, we disseminated information on the deliberation of bills, provided explanations of newly enacted or revised laws, and responded properly to legal matters of public concern. We convened a meeting on the work of local legislative outreach offices, reviewing the experience gained over the past decade since their establishment and striving to make this work more institutionalized and standardized.

三、履行监督职责，充分发挥人大监督在党和国家监督体系中的重要作用

3. We exercised our oversight responsibilities, fulfilling the NPC’s vital role in the Party and state oversight system.

坚持正确监督、有效监督、依法监督，完善监督法实施机制，加强对宪法法律实施和“一府一委两院”工作的监督，确保国家机关依法行使权力、履行职责，确保人民群众民主权利、合法权益得到维护和实现。一年来，共听取审议22个监督工作的报告，检查5件法律实施情况，组织开展2次专题询问、11项专题调研，作出1项决议。依法依规办理群众来信来访22.1万件次，委员长会议定期听取信访工作情况报告。

To ensure our oversight is carried out appropriately, effectively, and lawfully, we improved the mechanisms for implementing the Oversight Law. We strengthened oversight over the implementation of the Constitution and laws and over the work of the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. The aim is to ensure state institutions exercise their powers and perform their functions in accordance with the law and the people’s lawful rights and interests – in particular their democratic rights – are safeguarded and fulfilled. 

Over the past year, we heard and deliberated 22 work reports, conducted inspections into the implementation of 5 laws, held 2 special inquiries, undertook 11 research projects, and adopted 1 resolution. We also handled 221,000 public letters and visits in compliance with relevant laws and regulations, with the Council of Chairpersons regularly hearing reports on this work.

统筹安排听取审议专项工作报告。聚焦党中央重大决策部署和人民群众所思所盼所愿，确定专项工作报告选题，做好前期调研，加强工作沟通，督促整改落实，形成加强和改进工作的合力。听取审议国务院关于新质生产力发展、促进科技成果转化等报告，推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，全面增强自主创新能力。围绕保障和改善民生、更好满足人民美好生活需要，听取审议国务院关于灵活就业和新就业形态劳动者权益保障、推动文化和旅游深度融合发展、财政高等教育资金分配和使用、建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制等报告。围绕美丽中国建设，听取审议国务院关于年度环境状况和环境保护目标完成情况、应对气候变化和碳达峰碳中和、水资源税改革试点等报告。加强执法、司法工作监督，听取审议国务院关于刑罚执行、最高人民检察院关于刑罚执行监督、最高人民法院关于海事审判等报告，推动提升执法司法的质量、效率和公信力。

• Coordinating the hearing and deliberation of special reports

With the focus on implementing the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans and responding to the people’s concerns and expectations, we designated a number of topics for special reports, conducted thorough preliminary research, fostered closer work communication, and urged the relevant parties to take rectification measures. As a result, we have strengthened and improved the relevant work by generating greater synergy. 

We heard and deliberated State Council reports on developing new quality productive forces and promoting the application of scientific and technological advances, so as to drive the deep integration of technological and industrial innovation and enhance China’s innovation capacity on all fronts.

To ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing and meet their needs for a better life, we heard and deliberated State Council reports on protecting the rights and interests of workers in flexible and new forms of employment, promoting the deep integration of the cultural and tourism sectors, allocating and utilizing government funding for higher education, and creating sound institutions and mechanisms for integrated urban-rural development.

In seeking to advance the Beautiful China Initiative, we heard and deliberated State Council reports on the state of the environment and the fulfillment of environmental protection targets for 2024, climate change response including peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality progress, and pilot reforms of the water resource tax.

To strengthen oversight over law enforcement and judicial work, we heard and deliberated a State Council report on the enforcement of penal decisions, a Supreme People’s Procuratorate report on the oversight of such enforcement, and a Supreme People’s Court report on maritime adjudication. This work has helped to raise the quality and efficiency of law enforcement and judicial administration, thereby strengthening public confidence in these institutions.

强化财政经济工作监督。坚持问题导向、效果导向，完善工作机制，加大监督力度，推动党中央关于经济工作决策部署落实见效。听取审议国务院关于计划执行、预算执行、中央决算等报告，审查批准2024年中央决算，推动实施更加积极有为的宏观政策，助力完成经济社会发展主要目标。审议国务院关于2024年度国有资产管理情况综合报告，听取审议关于企业国有资产（不含金融企业）管理情况专项报告并开展专题询问，推动优化国有经济布局结构，增强国有企业核心功能、提升核心竞争力。完善国有资产管理情况报告制度，机制化安排听取审议常委会审议意见研究处理和整改问责情况报告。听取审议国务院关于金融工作、2024年度政府债务管理情况等报告，推动提升金融支持实体经济质效、优化政府债务规模和结构、遏制新增地方隐性债务、解决拖欠企业账款问题，防范化解重点领域风险。听取审议国务院关于2024年度审计工作、审计查出问题整改情况等报告，推动健全审计整改落实机制，推进源头治理，严肃财经纪律，压实审计整改责任。听取审议关于财政预算事项备案审查工作情况报告，推动依法理财、提升规范化法治化水平。更好发挥预算工委基层联系点作用。

• Enhancing oversight of fiscal and economic affairs

Following a problem- and result-oriented approach, we refined working mechanisms and intensified oversight efforts to facilitate the implementation of the Party Central Committee’s decisions and plans regarding the economy.

We heard and deliberated State Council reports on plan implementation, budget execution, and central final accounts. We examined and approved the 2024 central final accounts thereafter. All of these efforts have contributed to the advancement of more proactive and effective macroeconomic policies and the achievement of major economic and social development targets.

In order to optimize the layout and structure of the state-owned sector and enhance the core functions and competitiveness of state-owned enterprises, we deliberated a comprehensive State Council report on the management of state-owned assets for 2024. We also heard and deliberated a special report on the management of state-owned assets held by enterprises (financial firms excluded) and conducted a special inquiry into this topic. In addition, we refined the reporting system for state-owned asset management and heard and deliberated a State Council report on the handling of our recommendations as well as related rectification and accountability efforts, as required by the established mechanism.

We heard and deliberated State Council reports on financial work and 2024 government debt management. Through these efforts, we have helped to improve the quality and effectiveness of financial support for the real economy, optimize the scale and structure of government debt, curb new hidden local government debt, and clear overdue payments to enterprises, thereby preventing and mitigating risks in key areas.

As part of our efforts to push for more robust mechanisms for ensuring rectification, address problems at their source, strengthen fiscal and economic discipline, and enforce rectification responsibilities, we heard and deliberated State Council reports on the 2024 audit work and the rectification of issues uncovered during audits.

To ensure strict compliance with laws and procedures in public finance management, we heard and deliberated a report on the recording and review of fiscal and budgetary matters. We also strengthened the role of local liaison offices of our Budgetary Affairs Commission.

扎实做好执法检查。严格依照法律规定，检查法定职责履行、法律责任落实、法律执行效果等情况，把执法检查同立法、普法有机结合起来，推动法律全面有效实施。检查工会法实施情况，推动加强基层工会组织建设，维护职工合法权益，深化产业工人队伍建设改革。检查食品安全法实施情况，推动落实全过程法定监管责任，提升全链条质量安全保障水平。检查森林法实施情况，推动用最严格的制度和最严密的法治培育好、保护好、发展好森林资源。检查循环经济促进法实施情况，推动构建废弃物循环利用体系，提高资源利用效率，促进绿色生产生活方式广泛形成。检查节约能源法实施情况并结合审议执法检查报告开展专题询问，推动实施全面节约战略，将节能更好贯穿于经济社会发展全过程和各领域，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长。进一步改进专题询问工作，提前充分准备，聚焦突出问题，加强交流互动，使询问更加深入、更具实效。

• Taking concrete steps to carry out law enforcement inspections

We conducted inspections of the performance of statutory functions, the fulfillment of legal responsibilities, and the effect of law enforcement in strict accordance with the law. We also integrated law enforcement inspections with legislative and legal awareness initiatives to promote the full and effective implementation of laws.

We inspected the implementation of the Trade Union Law to strengthen primary-level trade unions, protect the lawful rights and interests of workers, and deepen reforms to further develop the industrial workforce. 

We inspected the implementation of the Food Safety Law to ensure whole-process supervision responsibilities are carried out as legally required and improve food quality and safety across the entire supply chain. 

In order to cultivate, protect, and develop our forest resources under the strictest institutions and the most rigorous rule of law, we conducted inspections into the implementation of the Forest Law. 

We inspected the implementation of the Law on Promoting the Circular Economy with the aim of advancing the creation of a system for recycling waste and used materials, using resources more efficiently, and promoting eco-friendly work practices and lifestyles throughout society. 

We also inspected the implementation of the Energy Conservation Law and, on the basis of our deliberation of the inspection report, carried out a special inquiry. Through this effort, we aim to advance the comprehensive conservation strategy by integrating energy conservation into every stage and aspect of economic and social development and promote coordinated progress in cutting carbon emissions, reducing pollution, expanding green development, and boosting economic growth.

Additionally, we further refined our special inquiry work. Adequate preparations, a focus on prominent issues, and enhanced exchanges enabled us to conduct more in-depth inquiries and deliver more tangible results.

精心组织专题调研。围绕“十五五”规划纲要编制工作若干重要问题，委员长会议组成人员带队，10个专门委员会、4个工作委员会和常委会办公厅参与，深入调查研究，广泛听取意见，形成26份专题调研报告；同时组织1000余名全国人大代表开展相关调研，形成50份调研报告。在财政经济领域，围绕规范税收优惠政策、政府资本性支出管理与改革、粤港澳大湾区建设、发展乡村产业等开展专题调研。在社会民生领域，围绕推进中华民族共同体建设、加强侨务立法、农产品质量安全等开展专题调研。在国家安全领域，围绕国家安全法、陆地国界法实施情况等开展专题调研。开展监察法实施情况专题调研。注重调研成果转化运用，及时将调研报告送有关方面研究改进工作。

• Undertaking well-organized research projects

With the focus on key issues in formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan, members of the Council of Chairpersons led research teams with the participation of 10 special committees, 4 working commissions and committees, and the General Office of the NPC Standing Committee. Based on thorough research and extensive consultation, we produced 26 reports. In addition, we organized more than 1,000 NPC deputies to conduct research on relevant issues, resulting in another 50 reports.

In the fiscal and economic sphere, we conducted research to standardize preferential tax policies, manage and reform government capital expenditure, further develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and cultivate industries in rural areas. With regard to social governance and public wellbeing, we carried out research on advancing the building of a community for the Chinese nation, strengthening legislation on overseas Chinese affairs, and improving the quality and safety of agricultural products. In the realm of national security, we undertook research on the implementation of the National Security Law and the Land Border Law. We also conducted research on the implementation of the Supervision Law. 

Across all of these research projects, we underscored the importance of translating findings into practice by ensuring our reports were transmitted promptly to the relevant parties for their study and work improvements.

四、深化和拓展代表工作，更好发挥人大代表作用

4. We advanced and expanded our work related to deputies, helping them better play their role.

全面贯彻实施新修改的代表法，持续加强代表工作能力建设，紧紧依靠代表做好各项工作，支持和保障代表依法履职。广大代表认真学习、自觉贯彻代表法，坚定政治立场，发挥来自人民、扎根人民的特点优势，发挥自身专业特长，密切联系群众，敬业担当奉献，忠实代表人民的利益和意志参加行使国家权力，为做好人大工作和其他各方面工作建言献策、作出贡献。

In fully implementing the revised Deputies Law, we continued to enhance our capacity to handle deputy-related work, collaborated closely with deputies to advance all aspects of our agenda, and ensured they have the necessary support to perform their duties lawfully. 

On the part of our deputies, they immersed themselves in the study of the Deputies Law and executed it conscientiously. With a steadfast political stance, they leveraged their unique strengths – coming from the people and taking root among the people – and their professional expertise, maintained close ties with the public, and fulfilled their responsibilities with great dedication. They faithfully represented the interests and will of the people in participating in the exercise of state power and contributed to the work of people’s congresses and various other fields with their insights and suggestions. 

推进代表法学习宣传贯彻实施工作。将学习贯彻代表法作为提升代表履职能力的重要抓手，通过召开座谈会、举办培训班等多种形式，基本实现全国人大代表和地方各级人大代表学习全覆盖。推动健全完善代表法配套法规及相关工作制度机制，加强代表法研究宣传阐释，为法律实施营造良好氛围。

• Advancing efforts to study, promote, and implement the Deputies Law

By prioritizing study and implementation of the Deputies Law as a key measure to enhance deputies’ ability to perform their duties, we ensured that essentially all deputies to the NPC and local people’s congresses at all levels gained a thorough understanding of the law through various channels, such as symposiums and training courses. We promoted the refinement of supporting regulations and related working institutions and mechanisms and enhanced the research, public outreach, and interpretation of the law to create a favorable environment for its implementation.

密切常委会同代表的联系。常委会组成人员与399名全国人大代表保持经常性联系，专门委员会、工作委员会和常委会办公厅健全落实联系代表工作机制。拓展代表对常委会工作的参与，邀请276人次代表列席常委会会议，召开5次列席代表座谈会，组织900多人次代表参加立法调研、执法检查、财政经济工作监督、对外交往等工作。法律草案通过代表工作信息化平台征求代表意见。组织代表研读讨论提请大会审议的3件法律草案，认真研究采纳代表意见建议。代表在大会期间对人大工作提出的1622条意见建议，逐条研究反馈，积极改进工作。以“一人一函”方式向代表书面通报常委会主要工作情况。统筹规范“一府一委两院”联系全国人大代表工作。

• Maintaining close contact with deputies

Standing Committee members maintained regular contact with 399 NPC deputies, while special committees, working commissions and committees, and the Standing Committee General Office also refined and implemented their own mechanisms for engaging with deputies. To increase the level of deputy participation in our work, we extended 276 invitations to attend Standing Committee meetings in a non-voting capacity and subsequently held five meetings to hear their opinions. Deputies were also invited to participate in legislative research, law enforcement inspections, oversight of fiscal and economic affairs, and foreign exchanges, with total participation exceeding 900. 

Comments and opinions of deputies were solicited for draft laws through the online work platform. Additionally, we organized for the deputies to review and discuss the three draft laws submitted to this session for review and, following careful deliberation, incorporated their feedback where appropriate. During the previous session, deputies submitted 1,622 opinions and suggestions for the NPC’s work. We studied and responded to each of them and used deputy input to improve our work. We provided written updates to each deputy to keep them informed of the progress of our major work. A holistic approach was taken to standardize communication between NPC deputies and the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate.

密切代表同人民群众的联系。依法有序组织1569人次代表开展集中视察、1933人次代表进行专题调研，为代表审议发言、提出议案建议打好基础。组织香港、澳门、台湾、解放军和武警部队代表赴地方视察、调研。组织和支持代表按照就地就近原则，参加代表小组、代表家站等活动，听取和反映社情民意，带头宣传贯彻党中央大政方针、宪法法律和国家工作部署。健全代表反映人民群众意见要求的处理反馈工作机制。

• Assisting deputies in fostering closer ties with the people

In accordance with the law, we systematically organized both inspection tours and research projects for deputies to take part in, with total participation reaching 1,569 and 1,933, respectively. These efforts laid a solid foundation for their informed engagement in deliberations and the submission of proposals and suggestions. We arranged local inspection and research tours for deputies from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, the People’s Liberation Army, and the Armed Police Force. We organized for and encouraged deputies to attend activities held by local deputy groups, outreach offices, and liaison offices. During this process, they listened to the concerns of the people, reported on social conditions and public sentiment, and led by personal example in promoting and implementing the Party Central Committee’s major policies and principles, the Constitution and the law, and national work plans. We also refined working mechanisms for processing and providing feedback on public opinions conveyed by deputies.

提升代表议案建议工作水平。修改代表议案处理办法，代表建议、批评和意见处理办法。坚持议案建议内容高质量、办理高质量，协助代表把好政治关、法律关、质量关，召开代表建议交办会、办理工作座谈会等，依法加强督促办理。委员长会议研究确定23项重点督办建议，交由20家单位牵头办理、10个专门委员会负责督办。各承办单位加强同代表的联系沟通，邀请代表参加座谈、调研，把审议办理代表议案建议与加强改进工作紧密结合起来。十四届全国人大三次会议期间代表提出的269件议案已审议完毕并答复代表，其中涉及的27个立法项目已审议通过或提请审议、50个立法项目已列入立法规划或计划。代表在大会期间提出的9160件建议、闭会期间提出的150件建议，均已办理完毕并答复代表，所提问题得到解决或计划逐步解决的占75.4%。

• Handling deputies’ proposals and suggestions more effectively

We revised the methods for handling deputy proposals, suggestions, criticisms, and opinions. Committed to high standards in preparing and handling proposals and suggestions, we assisted deputies in formulating initiatives that are politically sound, legally valid, and of high quality. We also held meetings to forward deputies’ suggestions and share work experience in handling these suggestions, lawfully urging the relevant organizations to ensure their effective handling. 

The Council of Chairpersons identified 23 priority suggestions, which were forwarded to 20 organizations to lead their processing under the supervision of 10 special committees. The organizations handling these suggestions strengthened communication with the relevant deputies, who were invited to participate in discussions and research. More importantly, these organizations integrated their handling of the suggestions and proposals into efforts to improve their work. 

All 269 proposals submitted during the third session of the 14th NPC have been reviewed, with feedback provided to the deputies involved. Among the legislative items covered by these proposals, 27 have been reviewed and adopted or submitted for review, and 50 have been included in our annual or five-year legislative plans. All 9,160 suggestions submitted during the third session and 150 suggestions raised when the NPC was not in session have been processed, with responses communicated to the relevant deputies. Overall, 75.4% of the issues raised have been either resolved or scheduled for resolution over time.

强化代表履职服务保障。举办5期代表专题学习班，1000余人次代表参加学习培训和履职交流。为香港、澳门代表举办专题讲座。推进全国人大代表工作信息化平台智能化升级，向代表及时提供信息资料，保障代表知情知政。做好代表履职情况记录，加强代表履职监督管理。

• Improving services and support for deputies in the performance of their duties

We held five themed study sessions for deputies to receive training and share experience gained during the course of their work, with total attendance surpassing 1,000. We also organized themed lectures for Hong Kong and Macao deputies. We advanced the intelligent upgrading of the online NPC deputy work platform, providing deputies with timely information to keep them informed of state affairs and government work. By keeping proper records of how deputies carried out their duties, we enhanced oversight and management of their performance.

做好代表资格审查工作。审议通过代表资格审查委员会7个关于个别代表的代表资格的报告，依法补选代表7人、终止代表资格58人。目前，十四届全国人大实有代表2878人。

• Conducting rigorous examinations of deputies’ qualifications

We deliberated and passed seven reports from the Credentials Committee on the qualifications of certain deputies. We confirmed the by-election results for 7 deputies and terminated the credentials of 58 deputies in accordance with the law. Currently, the NPC has 2,878 deputies.

五、发挥人大对外交往特点优势，主动服务国家外交大局

5. We leveraged the unique features and strengths of the NPC in conducting foreign exchanges to contribute to the country’s overall diplomatic agenda.

深入学习贯彻习近平外交思想，贯彻落实党中央外交大政方针和决策部署，以推动落实元首外交成果为首要任务，发挥人大对外交往对象广泛、内容丰富、形式多样等特点优势，巩固和深化多层次多渠道多领域对外交流交往。一年来，共派出59个团组赴58个国家访问或出席国际会议，接待69个国家、国际和地区议会组织的92个团组访华或参加研讨班。

We continued to study and apply Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy and implemented the Party Central Committee’s major diplomatic policies, decisions, and plans. Giving top priority to materializing the outcomes of head-of-state diplomacy, we consolidated and deepened foreign exchanges and contacts at multiple levels, through different channels, and in various fields. During this process, we drew on the unique features and strengths of the National People’s Congress in engaging with a broad range of counterparts in exchanges covering a rich variety of content and a number of diverse forms. Over the past year, we sent a total of 59 delegations to 58 countries for official visits or participation in international conferences and hosted 92 delegations from 69 countries and international or regional parliamentary organizations for official visits or seminars in China.

积极拓展双边交往。委员长会议组成人员率团访问25个国家，参加国内外事活动162场次。深入开展专门委员会、友好小组、工作机构、人大代表和议员间对口交流。同12个国家议会和欧洲议会举行机制性会议。举行中俄议会合作委员会第十次会议及两次联合工作组会议；接待美国国会众议员代表团访华，组派全国人大青年代表团访美；与欧洲国家议会广泛对话交流，同欧洲议会恢复正常化交往；加强同周边国家议会友好合作，密切与发展中国家议会团结合作，为增进理解互信、促进务实合作、巩固人民友谊、维护核心利益发挥积极作用。

• Expanding bilateral exchanges

Members of the Council of Chairpersons led delegations to 25 countries and attended 162 foreign affairs events at home. We organized activities for NPC special committees, friendship groups, working bodies, and deputies to deepen exchanges with their foreign counterparts and held institutionalized meetings with parliaments of 12 countries as well as the European Parliament.

The China-Russia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee convened its 10th meeting and two joint working group meetings. We received a delegation from the US House of Representatives and sent an NPC youth delegation to the US. We engaged in extensive dialogues and exchanges with parliaments of European countries and resumed normal exchanges with the European Parliament. We also strengthened friendships and cooperation with the parliaments of neighboring countries, while fostering closer solidarity and cooperation with those of developing nations. Through these efforts, we played a positive role in enhancing understanding and mutual trust, promoting practical cooperation, consolidating people-to-people friendship, and safeguarding core national interests.

推动深化多边合作。出席第六次世界议长大会，派团参加各国议会联盟大会、金砖国家议会论坛、二十国集团议长会议、议会世贸大会指导委员会会议、联合国议会听证会等多边活动，表明践行真正的多边主义、反对霸权霸道霸凌、捍卫国际公平正义、促进世界和平发展的坚定立场。出席亚洲议会大会年会，作为观察员出席东盟各国议会间大会年会，加强同拉美议会、中美洲议会交往，就推动区域合作、促进共同繁荣深入交流。积极主动参与青年、人口、气候变化、极地治理、网络安全、人工智能等专题对话，分享中国经验，贡献中国方案。

• Deepening multilateral cooperation

We took part in the Sixth World Conference of Speakers of Parliament and dispatched delegations to the 150th and 151st Inter-Parliamentary Union assemblies, the 11th BRICS Parliamentary Forum, the 11th G20 Parliamentary Speakers’ Summit, the 55th session of the Steering Committee of the Parliamentary Conference on the World Trade Organization, the 2025 Parliamentary Hearing at the UN, and other multilateral events. On these occasions, we articulated our steadfast stance on practicing true multilateralism, opposing hegemonic, high-handed, and bullying acts, defending international fairness and justice, and advancing world peace and development.

We attended the 16th plenary session of the Asian Parliamentary Assembly, participated in the 46th general assembly of the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly as an observer, and strengthened exchanges with the Latin American Parliament and the Central American Parliament. These engagements provided opportunities for in-depth discussions on advancing regional cooperation and promoting common prosperity. 

We also actively participated in dialogues on youth, demographics, climate change, polar region governance, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and other topics, sharing China’s practices and contributing China’s solutions.

持续加强对外宣介。积极宣介阐释中国式现代化，构建人类命运共同体，全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，高质量共建“一带一路”等理念主张和成功实践，宣介“十四五”发展成就和“十五五”目标任务，宣介扩大高水平对外开放的政策举措。面向发展中国家举办6期议员研讨班，首次举办非洲女性议员研讨班，48个国家、国际和地区议会组织的187位议员和议会官员应邀参加。安排来访团组赴地方参访，观摩人大代表家站、基层联系点等，与基层代表、群众面对面交流，生动展现全过程人民民主、人民代表大会制度优势功效。围绕涉及国家核心利益问题，主动做有关国家议会、议员工作，阐明原则立场，开展坚决斗争。

• Enhancing international communication

During our international exchanges, we actively shared China’s successful practices and elaborated on its key concepts and proposals, such as Chinese modernization, the vision of a community with a shared future for humanity, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, the Global Governance Initiative, and high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. We also presented China’s development achievements during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, its objectives and tasks for the 15th Five-Year Plan period, and its policies and initiatives for expanding high-standard opening up.

Over the past year, we hosted six seminars for parliamentarians from developing countries, including our first-ever session for female African parliamentarians. In total, 187 lawmakers and officials from 48 countries and international or regional parliamentary organizations participated upon invitation. 

We arranged local visits for foreign delegations to China, including tours of deputy outreach offices, liaison offices, and community-level outreach offices, where they engaged in face-to-face exchanges with local deputies and ordinary citizens, gaining vivid insights into the strengths and effects of whole-process people’s democracy and the people’s congress system.

On matters of core national interests, we reached out to the parliaments and parliamentarians of the countries concerned, unequivocally stated China’s principled position, and fought resolutely to defend our country.

六、全面加强自身建设，不断提高依法履职能力和水平

6. We undertook extensive self-improvement efforts, continuously enhancing our competence and performance in fulfilling our duties in accordance with the law.

按照“自觉坚持中国共产党领导的政治机关、保证人民当家作主的国家权力机关、全面担负宪法法律赋予的各项职责的工作机关、始终同人民群众保持密切联系的代表机关”的要求，全面加强人大党的建设和自身建设，在提高工作质量上下功夫，更好担负起党和人民赋予的使命任务。

We remained committed to meeting the fundamental requirement that people’s congresses function as political institutions that consciously uphold the Party’s leadership, organs of state power that ensure the running of the country by the people, working bodies that fully exercise the functions conferred by the Constitution and the law, and representative institutions that always maintain close ties with the people. To better fulfill this four-fold role, we intensified comprehensive efforts to strengthen Party self-governance and enhance our own capabilities. By working to improve the quality of our performance, we became better prepared to carry out the missions and tasks entrusted to us by the Party and the people.

强化政治机关建设。坚持用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂，自觉维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，坚持以人民为中心，坚持全面依法治国。增强大局观、执行力，保证党的理论、路线、方针政策和党中央决策部署在人大工作中得到全面贯彻。深化理论学习，举办常委会专题讲座6次，开展常委会党组集体学习6次，推动专门委员会、全国人大机关落实常态化学习机制，以思想理论水平的提高促进政治能力、履职能力的提升。

• Strengthening the role of the NPC as a political institution

We continued to build cohesion and forge inner strength with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, upheld the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership, and dedicated ourselves to a people-centered philosophy of development and comprehensive law-based governance. By enhancing our holistic thinking and our ability to execute, we ensured the full implementation of the Party’s theories, lines, principles, and policies, as well as the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee, in all aspects of our work. 

To develop a deeper understanding of relevant theories, we hosted six lectures, organized six study sessions for our leading Party members group, and promoted the integration of regular study sessions into the work of the special committees and NPC bodies. Strengthening our theoretical foundation allowed us to enhance our political acumen and improve our capacity to perform our duties. 

持续推进作风建设。扎实开展深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育，一体推进学查改，以优良作风凝心聚力、真抓实干。严明纪律规矩，改进会风文风，巩固精文简会、厉行节约成果，深化整治形式主义为基层减负。坚持实事求是、求真务实，恪尽职守、勤勉尽责，努力干实事、谋实招、求实效。密切联系群众，增进群众感情，深入基层、深入实际开展调查研究，夯实人大工作民意基础。

• Improving our work conduct through sustained efforts

We took solid steps to advance the educational campaign on fully implementing the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct. By integrating study with self-examination and rectification, we worked to build unity and strength through exemplary conduct and strived to deliver concrete results through solid work. We maintained strict and impartial rules and discipline, improved our meeting culture and writing style, and consolidated our achievements in streamlining meetings and documents and practicing frugality. We also intensified efforts to eliminate pointless formalities to reduce burdens at the primary level. 

Guided by the principle of seeking truth from facts and following a realistic and pragmatic approach, we faithfully performed our duties and diligently fulfilled our responsibilities. We committed ourselves to hard work, took concrete measures, and pursued tangible results. By maintaining close ties with the people, we developed a deeper connection with them. Through research within local communities to understand their actual conditions, we reinforced public support for our work.

加强人大新闻宣传和理论研究工作。深入宣传报道人大制度建设和人大会议、人大工作，加强对人大代表特别是基层一线代表的履职宣传。专访来华访问的12位外国议长，及时反映对外交流交往成果。落实意识形态工作责任制，加强人大新闻舆论阵地建设，举行第32届人大新闻奖评选活动。宣传我国法治建设成果，发布多语种宪法译本和21件法律、决定的英文译本。召开加强新时代人民代表大会制度理论和实践研究座谈会。

• Enhancing media coverage, public communication, and theoretical research

We garnered in-depth media coverage for our institution building, meetings, and achievements and strengthened publicity on how NPC deputies, especially those at the community level, perform their duties. We secured exclusive interviews with 12 incoming parliamentary leaders from other countries, with the outcomes of our exchanges generating prompt publicity. In implementing the responsibility system for ideological work, we strengthened our efforts to develop in-house media and public communication platforms and held the 32nd NPC Journalism Awards. To communicate China’s progress in advancing the rule of law to global audiences, we released multilingual versions of the Constitution and English translations of 21 laws and decisions. We also organized a symposium on the theory and practice of the people’s congress system in the new era.

加强专门委员会、工作委员会和全国人大机关建设。各专门委员会、工作委员会认真履行法定职责，在牵头起草法律草案、组织实施监督项目、审议议案和报告、联系和服务代表、开展对外交往等方面，做了大量扎实有效的工作。大会前，依法对“十五五”规划纲要草案和年度计划、预算草案开展初步审查。全国人大机关深入推进全面从严治党，增强基层党组织凝聚力战斗力，打造高素质专业化人大工作队伍。精心做好大会、常委会、专门委员会会议的组织筹备工作，为代表、委员参会履职提供服务保障。

• Strengthening the development of special committees, working commissions and committees, and NPC bodies

The NPC special committees and working commissions and committees earnestly performed their statutory functions and accomplished a great deal of solid and effective work in leading the drafting of laws, organizing and implementing oversight programs, deliberating bills and reports, engaging with and serving deputies, and conducting foreign exchanges. Prior to this session, they also conducted preliminary review of drafts for the 15th Five-Year Plan, annual plan, and annual budget in accordance with the law. 

NPC bodies achieved further progress in advancing full and rigorous Party self-governance, improving the cohesion and capabilities of our primary-level Party organizations, and developing a high-caliber, professional workforce for the NPC. Through meticulous organization and preparation for the NPC session, Standing Committee meetings, and special committee meetings, they provided essential support for deputies and committee members to attend these events and perform their duties. 

加强与地方人大的联系协同。召开全国地方立法工作座谈会，举办4期地方人大常委会负责同志学习班、2期地方立法培训班等。及时向省级人大通报有关工作情况，认真听取对全国人大常委会工作的意见建议。地方人大协助全国人大常委会开展立法、监督、代表、对外交往等工作，为提高人大工作整体水平作出了贡献。

• Fostering closer communication and coordination with local people’s congresses

We convened a national forum on local legislation, held four study sessions for leading members of the standing committees of local people’s congresses, and organized two training courses on local legislation. We provided timely briefings to provincial-level people’s congresses on relevant work, for which we earnestly sought their feedback and suggestions. Local people’s congresses also extended us their assistance in our legislative, oversight, deputy-related, and foreign exchange work, contributing their share to improve our overall performance.

全国人大常委会工作取得的成绩，是在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国人大代表、常委会组成人员、各专门委员会组成人员和全国人大机关工作人员担当尽责、辛勤工作的结果，是国务院、国家监察委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和地方各级人大及其常委会密切配合、通力协作的结果，是全国各族人民充分信任、积极支持的结果。在此，我代表全国人大常委会表示衷心的感谢！

These achievements, made under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, are the result of the hard work of dedicated NPC deputies, members of the NPC Standing Committee and special committees, and employees of NPC bodies. They are the result of close collaboration and cooperation from the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, and local people’s congresses at all levels and their standing committees. And they are the result of the full trust and strong support of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. On behalf of the NPC Standing Committee, I would like to express our heartfelt gratitude.

我们清醒地认识到，工作中还存在一些差距和不足。立法质量仍需进一步提高，监督工作实效有待进一步增强，服务保障代表依法履职的能力和水平需要不断提升，人大工作队伍建设需要持续加强。常委会高度重视这些问题，将虚心听取代表和各方面意见建议，自觉接受人民监督，不断加强和改进工作。

We are also keenly aware that there still exist a number of gaps and shortcomings in our work. The quality of our legislation must be further improved, the effectiveness of our oversight yet has room to be enhanced, our ability to support deputies in lawfully fulfilling their duties requires constant improvement, and continued efforts are needed to further build up the competence of our staff. We take these issues very seriously, and we will listen with an open mind to suggestions from all deputies and all sectors of society. We will readily place ourselves under the people’s oversight as we strive to strengthen and improve our work.

今后一年的任务

The Year Ahead

2026年是“十五五”开局之年。常委会要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，认真落实四中全会部署，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，深入学习贯彻习近平法治思想、习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，发展全过程人民民主，落实全面依法治国部署要求，坚持好、完善好、运行好人民代表大会制度，稳中求进推动人大工作高质量发展，为实现“十五五”良好开局作出应有贡献。

The year 2026 marks the commencement of China’s 15th Five-Year Plan. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we will continue to follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th Party Central Committee, and earnestly carry out the plans made at the fourth plenary session of the 20th Central Committee.

We must gain a deeper understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must become more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. We must stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.

We will thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s key theory on upholding and improving the people’s congress system. We will uphold the unity of leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance; develop whole-process people’s democracy; implement the plans and requirements for comprehensively advancing the rule of law in China; and work to ensure the people’s congress system is upheld, improved, and implemented successfully. We will adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability as we promote high-quality development in the work of people’s congresses, contributing our share to a strong start for the 15th Five-Year Plan.

（一）推动宪法全面贯彻实施。坚持以宪法为根本活动准则，严格依照宪法行使职权、履行职责，用科学有效、系统完备的制度体系保证宪法实施。坚持依宪立法，完善宪法相关法律制度，全面发挥宪法在立法中的核心地位功能，每一个立法环节都把好宪法关。做好合宪性审查、备案审查工作，完善维护国家法治统一制度机制。加强宪法宣传教育和理论研究，实施好宪法宣誓制度，丰富国家宪法日活动，讲好中国宪法故事。

1. Promoting comprehensive implementation of the Constitution

Upholding the Constitution as the fundamental code guiding our activities, we will exercise our functions and powers and perform our duties and responsibilities in strict accordance with the Constitution and ensure its implementation through well-designed, effective, and fully developed institutions. Guided by the principle of Constitution-based legislation, we will refine relevant legal frameworks to fully leverage the central role of the Constitution and ensure its observance throughout the entire legislative process. We will conduct rigorous constitutional review and normative document recording and review and refine institutions and mechanisms for upholding the unity of the rule of law. We will enhance public awareness, education, and theoretical research on the Constitution, ensuring the effective implementation of the constitutional oath-taking system, holding a variety of events to commemorate National Constitution Day, and sharing compelling stories about China’s Constitution.

（二）不断完善中国特色社会主义法律体系。更加注重法治与改革、发展、稳定相协同，更加注重保障和促进社会公平正义，聚焦保障“十五五”规划贯彻实施，加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法，着力提高立法质量。围绕构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，制定国有资产法，修改企业破产法、税收征收管理法、企业国有资产法、注册会计师法、招标投标法、政府采购法、价格法、商标法、城市房地产管理法。围绕加快建设金融强国，制定金融法、金融稳定法，修改中国人民银行法、银行业监督管理法。围绕促进农业强国建设，制定耕地保护和质量提升法，修改农业法。围绕加强民生保障，制定医疗保障法、托育服务法、社会救助法、华侨权益保护法、国家消防救援人员法、产业工人队伍建设法，修改教师法、道路交通安全法。围绕促进公正司法，制定检察公益诉讼法，修改刑事诉讼法、监狱法、海事诉讼特别程序法。围绕推进反腐败国家立法，制定反跨境腐败法。围绕生态环境保护，制定南极活动与环境保护法，修改水法、可再生能源法。加强人工智能等领域立法研究，推动新质生产力发展相关立法。落实重大改革举措，依法及时作出授权决定或改革决定。做好生态环境法典、民族团结进步促进法、国家发展规划法等法律的学习宣传、研究阐释、贯彻实施工作。

2. Improving the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics

In our endeavor to advance the rule of law, we will place greater emphasis on aligning it with efforts to deepen reform, promote development, and ensure stability, while also paying greater attention to safeguarding and promoting social fairness and justice. With a focus on supporting the implementation of the 15th Five-Year Plan, we will strengthen legislation in key, emerging, and foreign-related areas, striving to enhance the quality of our legislative work.

With a focus on developing a high-standard socialist market economy, we will formulate a state-owned assets law and revise the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, the Tax Collection and Administration Law, the Law on Enterprise State-Owned Assets, the Certified Public Accountants Law, the Public Bidding Law, the Government Procurement Law, the Pricing Law, the Trademark Law, and the Urban Real Estate Administration Law.

To accelerate the development of a financially strong nation, we will formulate laws on finance and financial stability and revise the People’s Bank of China Law and the Banking Regulation Law.

Aimed at facilitating efforts to build China into a nation with strong agriculture, we will formulate a law on cultivated land protection and quality improvement and revise the Agriculture Law.

In seeking to further support public wellbeing, we will formulate a medical security law, a childcare services law, a social assistance law, a law on the protection of overseas Chinese nationals’ rights and interests, a law on national fire and rescue personnel, and an industrial workforce development law. We will also revise the Teachers Law and the Road Traffic Safety Law.

As part of our commitment to impartial justice, we will formulate a law on procuratorial public-interest litigation and revise the Criminal Procedure Law, the Prison Law, and the Special Maritime Procedure Law.

To advance national anti-corruption legislation, we will formulate a law on combating cross-border corruption.

In support of environmental protection, we will formulate a law on Antarctic activities and environmental protection and revise the Water Law and the Renewable Energy Law.

Additionally, we will strengthen legislative research in artificial intelligence and other sectors and push forward lawmaking efforts to foster the development of new quality productive forces. We will make timely authorization and reform decisions in accordance with the law to implement major reform measures. We will also take effective steps to promote the understanding, research, interpretation, and implementation of the ecological and environmental code, the ethnic unity and progress promotion law, the national development planning law, and other laws once they are adopted.

（三）进一步增强监督工作针对性实效性。认真行使宪法法律赋予人大的监督权，统筹运用法定监督方式，推动解决制约经济社会发展的突出矛盾和问题，推进各方面工作法治化。检查海南自由贸易港法、旅游法、粮食安全保障法、职业教育法、无障碍环境建设法、青藏高原生态保护法等6件法律的实施情况。加强财政经济工作监督，听取审议计划执行、预算执行、决算、审计、金融、国有资产管理、政府债务管理、财政卫生健康资金分配和使用等报告，做好财政预算事项备案审查工作。围绕建设全国统一大市场、扎实推进乡村全面振兴、提高文化产品和服务质量、促进公立医院改革和发展、医疗保险、环境保护、“八五”普法决议实施、监察干部队伍建设、人民陪审员工作、知识产权检察工作等，听取审议“一府一委两院”专项工作报告。围绕新时代民族团结进步创建、华侨归侨侨眷权益保护、高标准农田建设、国有商业银行不良资产管理、国家水网建设、应急救援队伍建设、完善境外人员入境生活便利制度等开展专题调研。

3. Enhancing the targeting and effectiveness of oversight

In exercising the oversight power conferred upon us by the Constitution and the law, we will employ a combination of statutory oversight methods to push for the resolution of prominent issues hindering economic and social development and ensure all work of the state is carried out under the rule of law. 

We will inspect the implementation of six laws: the Hainan Free Trade Port Law, the Tourism Law, the Food Security Law, the Vocational Education Law, the Law on Building Accessible Environments, and the Law on Ecological Conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 

To strengthen oversight of fiscal and economic affairs, we will hear and deliberate reports on plan implementation, budget execution, central final accounts, auditing, financial affairs, state-owned asset management, government debt management, and the allocation and use of government funding for public health. We will also work to ensure the recording and review of fiscal and budgetary matters is carried out effectively. 

We will hear and deliberate reports from the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on the following subjects: developing a unified national market, advancing all-around rural revitalization, improving the quality of cultural products and services, promoting public hospital reform and development, strengthening health insurance, protecting the environment, implementing the resolution on the eighth five-year initiative to increase public legal literacy, strengthening the supervision workforce, improving the people’s juror system, and advancing intellectual property procuratorial efforts.

We will undertake research projects in various areas. Their subjects include fostering ethnic unity and progress in the new era, protecting the rights and interests of Chinese nationals residing abroad, returned Chinese nationals, and their families in China, developing high-standard cropland, managing non-performing assets of state-owned commercial banks, developing the national water network, strengthening emergency rescue teams, and refining systems to facilitate the entry and lives of individuals from outside the mainland.

（四）服务保障代表依法履职。以深入推进常委会同代表联系、代表同人民群众联系为抓手，深化拓展代表工作，增强代表履职活动的计划性、组织性、规范性、实效性。通过多种方式向代表通报常委会工作情况，经常性听取代表意见建议，深化代表对常委会工作的参与。支持代表密切联系人民群众，更好将民意民智反映到议案建议和审议发言中。组织好代表视察调研。切实做好代表培训工作。高质量做好代表议案建议工作。加强代表履职服务保障和监督管理。贯彻落实党中央部署要求和选举法等法律，做好新一轮全国县乡两级人大换届选举有关工作，确保选举工作风清气正、选举结果人民满意。

4. Supporting deputies in the lawful performance of their duties

We will advance and expand the scope of our work with deputies by fostering closer ties between the Standing Committee and deputies and between deputies and the public. This will help deputies to perform their duties more effectively through activities that are better planned, organized, and regulated. 

We will keep deputies informed of updates to our work through multiple channels, regularly seek their views, and deepen their involvement. We will support deputies in staying connected with the people to ensure their proposals, suggestions, and deliberation remarks better reflect public input. 

We will organize well-planned inspection tours and research projects for deputies, provide them with carefully designed training courses, and handle their proposals and suggestions more efficiently and effectively. We will strengthen services and support for deputies in the performance of their duties while enhancing oversight and management of their activities. Acting on the Party Central Committee’s plans and requirements and in keeping with relevant laws including the Election Law, we will work to ensure the success of the new round of elections for people’s congresses at the county and township levels nationwide as well as the integrity of the elections and public satisfaction with their results.

（五）积极开展人大对外交往。围绕国家外交总体布局，坚持以元首外交为引领，立足人大职能职责，加强与外国议会、国际和地区议会组织的交流合作。深化治国理政经验交流，有效开展对外宣介，推进专题性、专业性交流。主动发声，敢斗善斗，反对霸权主义和强权政治，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。

5. Pursuing vigorous international engagement

Grounded in China’s overall diplomatic agenda and guided by head-of-state diplomacy, we will strengthen exchanges and cooperation with foreign parliaments as well as international and regional parliamentary organizations in line with our functions and responsibilities. We will deepen exchanges with other countries on national governance experience and conduct effective communication through thematic and professional dialogues. In order to oppose hegemony and power politics and safeguard our nation’s sovereignty, security, and development interests, we will take the initiative to state our position firmly and unequivocally, demonstrating both the courage and capability to fight back as necessary. 

（六）扎实推进“四个机关”建设。坚持党中央集中统一领导，严格执行党的领导各项制度，持续强化党的创新理论武装，坚决有力贯彻落实党中央重大决策部署。认真开展树立和践行正确政绩观学习教育，坚持为人民出政绩、以实干出政绩，从实际出发、按规律办事，不断提升工作质效。丰富全媒体内容供给，增强人大新闻宣传的传播力、影响力，加强人民代表大会制度理论和实践研究。运用数字化、智能化手段提高人大工作水平。落实全面从严治党政治责任，加强政治机关意识教育，推进作风建设、纪律建设常态化长效化。加强与地方人大的工作联系和协同，共同提高新时代人大工作水平。

6. Fulfilling the four-fold role

Upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, we will strictly enforce the systems for Party leadership, continue to arm ourselves with innovative Party theories, and resolutely and vigorously implement the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans.

We will launch an educational campaign to ensure officials have a correct understanding of what it means to perform well and act accordingly. We will serve the people through solid work, base our efforts on actual conditions and objective laws, and endeavor to continually improve the quality and efficiency of our work. 

We will enrich content provided across all media platforms, expand the reach and enhance the impact of our media communication efforts, and strengthen research on the theory and practice of the people’s congress system. We will harness digital and intelligent technologies to improve our work performance. 

We will work to ensure that the political responsibility for full and rigorous Party self-governance is fulfilled and our staff has a stronger awareness of the NPC’s role as a political institution. Consistent and unremitting efforts must be made to continue improving conduct and enforcing discipline. We will also strengthen our communication and coordination with local people’s congresses, striving together to bring the work of people’s congresses to the next level in the new era.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

让我们更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，坚定信心、乘势而上、锐意进取，为不断开创中国式现代化建设新局面而共同奋斗！

Let us unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, maintain firm confidence, build on our momentum, and forge ahead with determination to create new horizons in Chinese modernization.